MHOD District Cooling- Arup 29-09-2011

7/29/2019 MHOD District Cooling- Arup 29-09-2011

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District Cooling Summit Qatar 2010, IQPC

The Musheireb Project

Master Planning & Design ConceptFor District Cooling

Davar Abi-Zadeh , Arup Fellow, Arup, London


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Contents

The Project

Global Issues

Why is district cooling important?

Design to reduce energy demand

Heat dissipation & water sources

Case studies and crafty ideas


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Urban LayersMassing

Building Height

The Musheireb Project - Heart of Doha Qatar

760,000m2 GFA Mixed Use

35 HA Regeneration Scheme


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THE PROJECTVision and Overall Objectives

To create a sophisticated city district with vitality for the people of Doha ..

A rising homeland that confidently embraces modernisation and proudlyobserves tradition

A culture of quality firmly rooted in the infrastructure of our country

'A modern state in the context of Arab culture, tradition and religiousbeliefs

'A meeting not a melting of cultures

'An environment of freedom, creativi ty, innovation, communication,meeting and interaction'

His Highness The Emir and Her Highness Sheikha Mozah

. through sustainable urban regeneration to revitalise Inner Doha.


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The Project

35 Ha Site

Mixed Use Development

Very High Quality

City Centre Location

Close to Amiri Diwan

Multi Discipline Project

UK/Doha/Hong Kong Input

Key Client

Doha Land (Qatar Foundation)

Arup Fee circa 6.0m

12 month Programme from July 2008.


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Urban LayerBasement Strategy


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Urban LayersBasement Strategy

Basement


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Primary Service Corridor


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Basement with Superblock Structures


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Urban LayersVehicular Movement

U b L


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Urban LayersLand Use

Ground Floor

U b L


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Urban LayersLand Use

Typical Upper Floors


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A Sustainable City: a better lifestyle


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Main SquareDaytime


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Boutique ShoppingAlong the Street


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Wadi ExperienceSection


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Why is District Cooling Important for the Project?

Cooling accounts for up to 70% of peak electricity demands

in summer months.

Typical electricity use in buildings

CommercialResidential


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District Cooling for the Musheireb

What does the customer

want?

Low cost cooling

Reliable supply

What does the utility provider

want?

Profit Secure income stream

Predictable energy supply cost

What does the world

want?

Reduce carbon emissions

Avoid fuel poverty


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Design issues for Master Planning

What can the designer do?

Design to reduce energy demand

Design to supply energy efficiently

Maximise use of renewable energy


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Reduce Demand

Business-as-Usual & Low Carbon Cooling LoadsBuilding Type BAU Design Cooling

Load Densities

(W/m)Low Carbon Cooling

Load Densities

(W/m)Residential 120 50?

Commercial 150 80?

Retail 220 100?

Community, Mosque 180 90?

Cultural, School 180 90?

Hotel 200 100?

Administrative 150 80?


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Diurnal Cooling Load Distribution -

Mixed Use Development

Thermal storage

for peak lopping0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

0 5 10 15 20 25

Time of Day (hrs)

CoolingL

oad(kW)

Residential Commercial Retail Community Cultural Hotel

Diwan Admin National Archive Mosque School Average Load Profile


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Efficiency of Supplying Chilled Water

Scale Effects

District Cooling, Building Cooling and Room Cooling


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Renewable Energy

Concentrated Solar Thermal

Solar Photovoltaics

Wind Power Biomass Energy

Waste to Energy


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Efficiency of Supplying Chilled Water -

Technology

Efficiency of Alternative Cooling Technologies


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Implications for Developers

Paradigm shift

developer becomes utility provider

Changes in the role of State and Municipality

Finance and fuel

Changes in the technology of supply

New business models

-

apportionment of risks

-

need for regulation

-

delivery mechanisms

Will it work?


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Role of Designer in Delivering Low Carbon District Cooling

Reduce cooling demand

Central generation chilled water

Use renewable energy wherever possible

The Museireb DC: Low carbon cost effective district cooling

through design and innovation


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The Musheireb Project Master Plan


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Location of Central Cooling Plants & Infrastructure Overview

CP1

CP2


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ETS ETSETS

ChillersChillers

Water

Storage

Cooling tower Make Up

Cooling

Towers

Cooling

Towers

CHW Flow

CHW Return

Potable

Water

(Back-up)

Water

Treatment

Wadi Sewer

Water

gravity feed

Potable

Water

(Back-up)

Pump

PitStorage

Blowdown Blowdown RejectWaste Streams

Storage

Sump

Return to

Wadi

Sewer

22 Superblocks

District Cooling System Components

Conventional

Alternative

Chillers

Integrate with a desalination plant

Cooling Towers


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Back to Basics: Vapour Compression Cycle Efficiency

1C improvement in both Evap

and Cond

approach:

Chiller efficiency improves by

4.3 -4.8%.

District Cooling : 35,500TR

Plant would give a saving of

1,000kW in power.

Cooling Tower

Pressure

EnthalpyPower InputCooling Effect

LCWT

LChWT

Condenser

Evaporator

Cooling WaterTemperature


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Heat Dissipation: System Selection

Condenser water: re-circulation

Evaporation

Bleed

Evaporation rate / (Cycle -

1)

Drift loss

Water losses(Eva.+Bleed+Drift)

Water consumption for top up


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Water Source

Fresh Water (BaU)

Load ~ 125 MWRe-circulation ~ 23,000 m3/hrMake-up Water~ 300 m3/hrTotal Water ~ 1.3 Mm3/yr

Enough Water: 20,000 people

S S


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Water Source

Wadi

water, Waste Water, Sewer Water

with Cooling TowersLoad ~ 125 MWRe-circulation ~ 23,000 m3/hrMake-up Water~ 250 m3/hrTotal Water ~ 1.5 Mm3/yr


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Water Source

Cooling Tower & Sea Water Make-up

Load ~ 125 MWRe-circulation ~ 23,700 m3/hrMake-up Water~ 820 m3/hrTotal Water ~ 3.5 Mm3/yr


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Water Source

Sea Water (Once through)

Load = 125 MWRe-circulation ~ 53,000 m3/hrMake-up Water = 53,000 m3/hrTotal Water = 230 Mm3/yr


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SystemBaU

PotableWater

CoolingTowers,

Wadi Water

CoolingTowers,

Sea Water

OnceThroughCooling,

Sea Water

Annual electricity demand: GWh/yr GWh/yr GWh/yr GWh/yr

Cooling towers & pumps 17.1 17.1 18.3 -

Water supply & treatment 0.0 2.9 0.6 36.2

Cooling System 17.1 20.0 18.8 36.2Embodied energy: fresh water 4.9 - - -

Cooling system total energy 22.0 20.0 18.8 36.2

Chillers & CHW pumps 92.6 92.6 96.6 96.6

Total 114.6 112.6 115.5 132.8

Carbon Footprint, Tonnes/yr 51,100 50,100 51,400 59,100

Summary of Heat Dissipation Options

Energy & carbon foot print


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0

10

20

30

40

50

GWh/Y

BaU CT & WTP MCT OT

Options

Cooling system energy consumptionChiller Eff. Loss

Embodied Energy

WS,Water Treat

CT & Pumps


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Total energy consumption (cooling tower and chillers)

Comparison of energy usage for different cooling strategies

20% 18% 17%32%

82% 82% 86%

86%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

BaU

Cooling Tower s

Fresh Water

Coolin g Towers

Sewer Water

Coolin g Towers

Sea Water

Once Thro ugh

Sea Water

System

EnergyC

onsumption(%)

Chillers and CHW

Distribution Energy

Cooling Water Energy


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Vapour CompressionChiller DC Plant

125MW (35,500TR)

BaUCoolingTowers

fresh water

CoolingTowers

wadi water

CoolingTowers

sea water

Oncethrough

sea water

system

CAPEX (Million US$) 61 66 92 90

OPEX (Million US$) 6.8 5.5 5.4 5.9

Heat Dissipation Systems OPEX & CAPEX

Based on: Electric ity cost : 0.04 $/KWH and Water cost: 1.49 $/m3


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Cooling Towers Design Issues

Sensitive locations

Visual impact: screening

Noise from cooling plant

Vapour plumes

Solution

Screening

Noise attenuation

Design to reduce plumes

75MW

Courtesy of Qatar Cool


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Pluming Mitigation

On Line Control

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

0 5 10 15 20 25

Ambient Dry Bulb Temperature [C]

MoistureC

ontent[kg/kg]

PLUME

NO PLUME

Saturation

Line

Tangent to

Sat. Line0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

0 5 10 15 20 25

Ambient Dry Bulb Temperature [C]

MoistureC

ontent[kg/kg]

Saturation

Line

Ambient

condition

Theoretical

tower outletReadjusted

tower outlet

The M sheireb Chilled Water Distrib tion


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The Musheireb Chilled Water Distribution


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Basement and service Tunnel, Master Plan stage

BuildingBlock

BuildingBlock


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Phasing Overview


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Phasing Overview


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Thank You

Questions


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Conclusions

The cooling demand consumes large amount of energy,

e.g. 70% of total electricity.

80% of the district cooling energy is used to chill the water(refrigeration plant).

The demand must be reduced through sustainable and

good engineering.

Use renewable and waste energy if it is available.

Energy consumption for cooling system with sea water isthe least ss than the three options considered.


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Implications for Developers

Paradigm shift

developer becomes utility provider

Changes in the role of State and Municipality

Finance and fuel

Changes in the technology of supply

New business models

-

apportionment of risks

-

need for regulation

-

delivery mechanisms

Will it work?


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Doha - History


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f


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Access Interrupting Infrastructure and MEP


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Global Issues

Water Scarcity

Fossil Fuel Depletion

Global Warming

Urbanisation

Documents

MHOD District Cooling- Arup 29-09-2011