Metal Forming & Machining

MF C314

Classification of forming processesAccording to similarities in equipment, tooling, method of working, type of energy sources:

1. Rolling processes2. Forging processes3. Drawing processes3. Drawing processes4. Extrusion processes5. Sheet metal forming processes6. High energy rate forming processes

Compressive Forming Rolling

Longitudinal rollingTransverse rollingAxial rollingRoll forgingRoll forgingDie rolling

ForgingOpen die forging Impression die forgingClosed die forgingUpset forgingRotary forging

ExtrusionDirect extrusion Indirect extrusionHydrostatic extrusionContinuous extrusion

Indenting Indenting Coining

Combined Tensile & Compressive Forming Wire drawing Tube drawing Deep drawing

Tensile Forming Stretch Forming Expanding (Bulging)

Forming by bending V-bending U-bending Roll bending Roller straightening Pipe bending

Forming by shearing

Shear forming Embossing Twist forming

High energy rate forming Explosive forming Electro-hydraulic forming Magnetic pulse forming Petro-forging Drop hammer and Dynapak

Newer forming processes Forming in Mashy state Forming by Laser beam/plasma arc Die-less forming of sheet metal

General advantages of forming Homogenized structure, better mechanical

properties. Reduction of voids No loss of materials In hot forming, low strength and higher ductility is In hot forming, low strength and higher ductility is

achieved. Material gets directional properties and can take high

loads across the fibers. In cold forming, strain hardening improves

mechanical properties. In cold forming, high surface finish and very close

tolerance is obtained.

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