Mezhdurache, 2010

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Chemical laboratory

Hello, the young researcher! My name is Marina Gumovich and I am a pupil of the 11th form in Mezhdureche secondary school, Murmansk region. I am fond of Information Technology and Chemistry, Music and Physics. Since the 5th form I have been doing different researches as a member of school ecological society “The little prince”. I decided to unite your and my interests in this project, dear colleague-researcher. It is said that wisdom should be learnt by the follies of others, but my proposal for you is to learn with the help of my projects. And for example I offer you to use the electronic version of the course, which was created in POWERPOINT program. Here I managed to combine my interests in chemistry and physics. It will be glad if this manual helps you in your own researchers.

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Chemical laboratory

Gumovich Marina Vladimirovna,

pupil of the 11th form, Mezhdureche secondary school, Kolsky district,

Murmansk region

Tebieva Elena Aleksandrovna, teacher of

chemistry and biology, Mezhdureche secondary school, Kolsky district,

Murmansk region

Lesson 1

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Chemical laboratory

LESSONS ABOUT WATERLESSONS ABOUT WATER..

Test 1

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Chemical laboratory

TESTSTESTS..

Lessons about water

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CHEMICAL LABORATORYCHEMICAL LABORATORY..

Growing of crystals.

Meaning of turgor in plants’ life. Chromatography.

Water is one of the most widespread combinations on the Earth. Molecules of water were found in the interstellar space. Most of the planets in Solar system, their satellites and comets have water in their structure. The greatest amount of water is in seas and oceans. Living organisms contain 70% of water. Water (hydrogen oxide) Н2О is the elementary steady compound of hydrogen and oxygen. It is the liquid without smell, taste and color.

Lessons about water

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1.Water as solvent.Water is the solvent for many substances. It is used by human being for cleaning his own body and for clearing the objects of human activity. Water is used as the solvent both at home and in the industry. Every morning you wake up and make a cup of tea or coffee. When you cook you also use water. For example to dissolute salt .

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2.Water gives elasticity.

Penetrating into the cell through membranes and making the high pressure in it (turgor) , water gives elasticity to leaves, flowers petals and

grass stalks. When the soil is dry, the leaves begin to wilt and fall down. A very simple experiment

can prove this characteristic.

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3. Differentiation of mixtures with water help. Chromatography.Chromatography is a method of differentiation the mixtures of substances or particles. As a result we

can get chromatogram.

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Lesson summary.

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Characteristic Meaning Experiment

Show the filled table.

Lesson summary.

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Characteristic Meaning Experiment

Water is solvent It is a solvent for many substances, this

characteristic is used in cooking.

Growing of crystals

Water gives elasticity Water gives elasticity to leaves, flowers petals

and grass stalks.

«Flower»

Mixture differentiation with water help

It is used in chromatography

Gromatogram

The result: water is a very important substance for every living being and this fact determines water characteristic.

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Test 1

1. The largest part of water consists:

1. In the interstellar space

3. In living organisms 4. In planets of the Solar system

2. In seas and oceans

Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

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2. Water is solvent. The follow effects prove this fact:

1. Making tea

3. Acid rain 4. Snow

2. Freezing of water

Test 1

Question1 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

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3. Chromatography is:

1. The amount of water in living organism cells

3. Method of differentiation the mixtures of substances

or particles

4. Water analysis for detection the organic substances presence

2.Detection of presence the living organisms in

water

Test 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 4 Question 5

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4. Because of lack of water leaves begin to fall down. They:

1. Lose elasticity

3. Lose shape 4. Become heavier

2. Lose color

Test 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 5

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5. If the salt doesn’t dissolve in water, it means that:

1. The solution isn’t saturated

3. The temperature of water isn’t suitable for

solvent

4. The solution is saturated

2. The salt isn’t solvable

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Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

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Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

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Crystals growth.The process of crystals growth at home can be divided into following steps:

Step 1: Solve the salt which is necessary for crystal growth ( for example table salt or copper sulfate) in warm water (warm water can solve the bigger amount of salt than the water of room temperature). You should solve the salt until it cannot solve anymore (the solution must be saturated!).

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Crystals growth.

Step 2: Pour the saturated solution into another container, where crystals growth can be made (you should notice the fact

the crystal will enlarge). The solution should remain warm during this step.

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Crystals growth.

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Step 3: Fasten the salt crystal to a thread, at the same time thread should be fastened to a pencil, for example. Put the pencil on the glass brim, where the saturated solution is. Put the crystal down into the solution.

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Crystals growth.

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Step 4: Put the glass with saturated solution and the crystal inside to the place without draught, vibration and a lot of light (crystal growth requires all these conditions to be followed). Put the white paper on the top of the glass in order not to let dust and rubbish get into the solution. Leave the solution for some days.

It is important!1.The crystal shouldn’t be taken away from the solution without special reason. 2.Do not let the rubbish get into the saturated solution. 3.Choose or refresh the saturated solution once a week.

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Meaning of turgor in plants life.

Material s: paper, felt-tip pen, ruler, scissors, big plate. Step 1: Draw a flower on a paper in the following manner: Draw a circle with 15 centimeters in diameter . Draw 4 straight lines through the circle center in the way these lines divide the circle into 8 parts. Use these straight lines to draw the petals. Cut out the flower.

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Step 2: Bend the petals to direct their bottoms to the center. If you do it correct the petals overlap each other. Pour water into the plate. Put the flower with its petals on the top into water.

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Meaning of turgor in plants life.

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Step 3: The petals come up and the flower opens and swims on water surface.

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Meaning of turgor in plants life.

Chemical laboratory.Chromatography.Equipment: glass with water, a piece of filter paper (10 см х 2

см), felt-tip pen. Draw a line with felt-tip pen in 2 centimeters from the end of the piece ( draw it parallel to the less side). Put the piece of paper into water and leave the drawn line under the water surface. Notice the way paper becomes wet, water comes up in its structure, touches the drawn line and takes the color up. And then you can see the line runs and appears to be multicolor. This experiment lets to determine that the felt-tip pen’s color includes several colors in it.

Task: Can you determine the real color of black felt-tip pen?

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