MEXICO Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics 2004 Economic censuses

MEXICO

Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática

(INEGI)

National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics

2004 Economic censuses


Economic Censuses in Mexico, provide outstanding information about various aspects related to fishing, mining, electricity, gas and water, construction, manufacturing industry, trade, services and transportation establishments.

Due to their geographic and thematic coverage, economic censuses are considered the most complete and comprehensive source of economic information in Mexico.

Background

Economic Censuses History

Since 75 years ago, Mexico has conducted the economic censuses every five years.

The first Economic Census was taken in 1930.

Currently 16 censuses have been achieved, including the 2004 one.

Background

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

Mexico: a long tradition

C ensus pro ject

Econom ic units

0

86,45948,5737,619 55,196

285,563

501,469

667,605799,400

857,871

1,005,1091,115,186

1,336,180

2,230,165

3,005,157

164,136

2,805,384

1930 1935 1940 1945 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1989 1994 1999 2004

Information benefits

Economic Censuses are the main source of economic information for the National Statistical System.

They provide a national economic profile at their sectorial, geographic and thematic levels.

They show different patterns of specialization and industrial locations, as well as traditional and new economic activities.

Produce information for statistic frameworks in the sample planning.

In the National Accounts System they help to build the input-output matrix and also in the updating of the base-year, among others.

Information benefits

They serve as the users's framework for refrence in decision-making.

In the public sector they help in economic planning and its evaluation.

With this information managers, in different sectors, produce analisys in order to get information about the market current situation.

Using census information academic and researchers compare different hypothesis about the characteristics of the regional, state and domestic production systems.

Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)

Sectorial Coverage

Secondary Activities

Tertiary Activities

Criteria of selection of large establisments & companies

Homologation

Primary Activities


Thematic Coverage

The economic censuses incorporate a total of 1,184 variables.

General thematic (example) Specific thematic (example)

Legal category and kind ofpropertyForeign investmentAge of economic unitOccupied personnelWagesExpendituresIncomesInventoriesFixed assetsVehicle fleetBrand, patent, commercial name, etc.

Fishing equipment

Water sources and destination

Mineral reserves

Passengers and freight transported

Raw materials breakdown

Clients and suppliers

Hotel category


Questionnaires

23 questionnaires

5 annexes

Annex for telephony servicesAnnex for integral port administrationAnnex for postal servicesAnnex for roads, bridges used by ground transportationAnnex for telegraphic services

Basic questionnaireRural area questionnaireAuxiliary establishment questionnaireFishing questionnaireManufacturing questionnaireElectricity industry questionnaireMining units questionnaireConstruction enterprises questionnaireTrade and services questionnaireEducation activities questionnaireAcommodation services questionnaireBanks and financial institutions questionnaireFinancial and insurance questionnaireWater supply questionnaireOil and gas extraction questionnairePetroleum refineries and petrochemical questionnaireTransit and road transportation of passengers questionnaire (individuals)Transit and road tarnsportation of passengers questionnaireAir transportation questionnaireElectric transportation questionnaireWater transportation questionnaireRail transportation questionnaireTransportation and distribution questionnaire


Observation unit

Observation unit refers to the statistic unit for which data is collected. In most economic activities the constant economic unit used is the establishment, eventhough in some cases it can be the enterprise.

It includes fixed, partly fixed and household establishments, and excludes informal trade and those persons who work for own account without a physical location.

To cover the different ways observation units work, it was necessary to represent them at different levels.


Observation unit

Establishment It is the economic unit that in a single physical location, permanently placed and delimited by constructions and fixed facilities, combines actions and resources under the control of a single proprietary organization or controller to make activities of goods production merchandise transaction or rendering services, either for profit or non for profit.

Enterprise It is the economic unit that under a single proprietary organization or controller, combines actions and resources to make activities of production of goods production, merchandise transaction or rendering services, either for profit or non for profit.

The enterprise can be defined at diverse geographic levels: Country, state or municipality according to are required.


Geographic coverage

6,673 Localities which where census object (by complete "swept")

190,249 Rural localities which where sample object

Municipal town head

Localities which have 2,500 or more inhabitants(urban areas).

Localities which have less than 2,500 inhabitants, located on industrial estates or industrial parks.

29,957 Localities in sample, in which case a complete "swept" is realized.

Thematic Coverage

Legal category and kind of property

Physical person Cooperative society Association or civil society Profit mercantile societies Public services and trade Public administration and defense Other

Thematic Coverage

Foreign investment

A share exists No YesShare averageCountry of origin

Thematic Coverage

Age of economic unit

Starting year of activities Worked days

Thematic Coverage

Occupied personnel

Belonging to the company (dependent) Production workers (Men, women and hours worked) Administrative employees (Men, women and hours worked) Owners, relatives and other non remunerated workers (Men, women and hours worked)

Not belonging to the company (non dependent) Personnel supplied by a different company (Men, women and hours worked) Personnel by fees (Men, women and hours worked)

Thematic Coverage

Wages

Wages and salaries Employer contributions Other social perceptions Distributed profits Payments for indemnity or personnel settlement

Thematic Coverage

Expenditures for the consumptionof goods and services

Valuation - Merchandise bought for sale - Foreign expenses - Domestic expenses - Materials consumed for rendering services - Raw and secondary material consumed - Fuel and lubricants consumption - Electricity consumptionPayments for production services (maquila) - Advertsing - Communication services - Packages - Insurance premiums - Royalties payments - Repairs and spare parts for maintenanceTravel allowances - Sold products shipments - Commissions on sales - Other expenses for consumption

Expenses not derived from the activity - Interests on credits or loans - Taxes levied on the economic activity - Specific taxes on products - Rights.

Thematic Coverage

Income for the provision of goods and services

Valuation• Domestic income • Foreign income • Net sales of mineral acquired for their sale• Services rendered• Net sales of fabricated products• Income for the rental of real estate, tangible goods, machinery and equipment• Income for production services (maquila)• Income for royalties • Other

Income not derived fromthe activity

FinancialSubsidiesDues, contributions or donationsOther Production value Fabricated products value Production of constructions and facilities Production of other fixed assets for own use

Thematic Coverage

Inventories

Inventories valuation• Inventories of bought merchandise for resale • Inventories of raw materials and material for rendering services• Inventories of fabricated products• Inventories of products in process• Inventories of other goods

Fixed assets

• Machinery and production equipment• Real estate• Transportation units and equipment • Computer and peripheral equipment • Installed and used capacity

Fixed assets depreciation • Fixed assets valuation • Purchase of fixed assets • Sale of fixed assets

Thematic Coverage

Vehicle fleet

AutomobileLight truckCraneBus Heavy truck MotorcycleVanTrailer truck AircraftsMicrobus Towing truck Other

Thematic Coverage

Fishing equipment

Commercial fishingFishing of promotionAquaculture and other aquatic faunaExtensive Semi extensiveIntensive Finfish fishingShellfish fishing

Thematic Coverage

SourcesSurface source of supply: rivers, lagoonsSubsoil source of supply: Underground rivers and filter galleriesWater in block: it is not extracted, it is boughtWater destinationWater intakesSewage system connectionsWaste water discharge

Water sources and destination

Thematic Coverage

Mineral reserves

Mineral measured or sampling for its operation or extraction

Thematic Coverage

Passengers and freight transported

Transportation equipment for rendering servicesOwn transportation unitsValue of rented transportation unitsOrigin of transportation unitsNationalForeignSupport transportation units and equipment

Thematic Coverage

Clients and suppliers

Clients - Final consumer - Commerce - Industrial and farming producers - Services - Public institutions - Other client

Suppliers - Industrial producers - Farming producers - Services - Commercial establishments - Public institutions - Other suppliers

Thematic Coverage

Hotel category

Category of establishment - 1 to 5 stars - Special class - Great tourism - Other

Capacity of lodging - Traditional hotel - Timeshare - Hotel or motel - Villas and cabins - Suites - Bungalows - Typical houses - Condo-hotels

Thematic Coverage

Criteria of selection of large establisments & companies

a) The occupied personnel (dependent and not dependent) is equal or greater to 50 workers.

b) Their annual income is equal or greater to 5 million pesos.c) Their fixed assets are equal or greater to 10 million pesos.d) Economic units which belong to a company and altogether fulfill one of the criteria established in the previous points.e) Economic units which belong to a national company (with establishments in more than one state).f) Economic units that are engaged in maquila exports.g) Units classified in: Private schools which combine diverse education degrees or

Public schools which combine diverse education levels.h) Public or private economic units which provide higher education services.i) Public economic units which provide education services and have 50 or more occupied persons.j) Economic units which provide accommodation with integrated services.

Thematic Coverage

The homologation of the Economic Statistics System

It is a system that is updated to be able to serve the users, offering them better and more useful statistical information on the establishments and companies in our country; at the moment seven statistical programs are carried out, which conform the direct collection of basic statistical data; these programs are:

Manufacturing surveys Construction companies surveysTrade establishments surveys Services and transportation surveys Mining-metallurgical industry statistics Production services (maquila) for exports statistics Economic Censuses (which include 28 collection instruments)

Thematic Coverage

The homologation of the Economic Statistics System

These projects can have a monthly, annual or five-year periodicity and they do not ask for duplicated information, due to the care in the integration and complementariness of the data between the projects, since each one covers a specific thematic. Thus, the monthly surveys collect timely information such as duration of workday, remunerated and not remunerated personnel, remunerations, major expenses and incomes, variation of inventories, etc., whereas the annual projects mainly collect variables that give account of the structure of the categories in the studied sector, for example: total men and women, specific expenses for the consumption of goods and services, income components, stocks variation, gross formation of fixed assets by each one of their components, etc., and finally, the censuses offer information on the composition of the total economic units, since they are projects which collect the totality of the universe of study in question.

Thematic Coverage

Economic Censuses Rural Survey Sample,2004

1. Survey ObjectiveTo obtain information about the number of establishments which operate in the rural context, as well as the main variables which characterize their participation in the domestic economy.

2. Target Population

Manufacturing, trade and services establishments conform the target population.

3. CoverageThis event considers the establishments located in rural areas excluding the “economic localities” and the “industrial corridors”. The Federal District is also excluded because this is the only state where the census covers 100% of the territory.

The survey was designed in order to provide information at the national, national by sector and federative entity levels.

4. Sample Design The sample design is probabilistic; due to this fact, the findings of this survey are generalized for all the establishments in the target population.

Thematic Coverage

Economic Censuses Rural Survey Sample,20044.1 Survey Framework

The framework applied to this survey was integrated according to the XII 2000 General Housing and Population Census statistic data, as well as to the 2003 cartographic update, previous to the urban enumeration.

4.2 Sample Units IntegrationThe sample units are integrated by rural AGEBs which, during the 2000 General Housing and Population Census, counted with inhabited localities and were not absorbed by urban areas between that year and the 2003 cartographic update; event in which all the urban localities were crossed over and the growth toward rural AGEBs were detected. The sample framework for each federative entity Rural Survey is the AGEB list related to in the paragraph above, excluding those in which the industrial corridors are located, as well as the localities with establishments considered as important.

4.3 StratificationSince the sample framework proceeds from the 2000 Housing and Population Counting, it was necessary to establish relationships between the indicators of both events in order to identify those with which to carry out the stratification.

In this way the correlated variables of population were obtained, with the total number of establishments in the three sectors as a whole and the one of trade sector individually, which were tested in stratification and multivariate analyses to select the group of indicators that besides having the highest correlations among them, is the one that presents minor number of overlaps in the stratums averages.14

Thematic Coverage

General strategy to carry out the 2004 Economic Censuses

Stage 1. Verification and update of the largest establishments and enterprises June 2nd to November 28th, 2003

Stage 2. Census operative March 1st to June 30th, 2004

In the stage 2, the participation of around 32,000 persons was required.

The 2004 Economic Censuses had an approximate cost of half the cost of the 1999 Economic Censuses in real terms.

Thematic Coverage

Economic Censuses have a wide sectorial coverage. They comprise 964 classes of activity out of the 1,051 in wich NAICS divides the Domestic Production System.

NAICS is the official classification system which arranges and presents economic data.

Economic Censuses 2004, exclude agriculture, farming and forestry; taxi services; political parties; and domestic services as well as international organism.


Sectorial Coverage

81.5%18.5%

A global vis ion of the results obta ined by the 2004 Econom ic C ensuses

4,290,108 economic units

and 23,197,214 personnel

Result of the Econom ic Censuses, 2004

Result of the Econom ic Censuses, 2004

306,446

184,0103,005,157

81.5%18.5% 3,495,613 economic units in census

A global v ision of the results obtained by 2004 Econom ic Censuses

Econom ic units Total personnel

Econom ic units and total personnel*

* I nclude: Personnel dependent and non dependent on the trade nam e

Variation7.1%

Variation 9.5%

20031998

2,805,384

14,825,994

16,239,536

3,005,157

National Summary

The m ain variables by sector, 2003

Total 3,005,157 100.0 16,239,518 100.0 79.6 6,312,205,283 100.0

Fishing 21,252 0.7 196,481 1.2 29.9 13,964,324 0.2

Mining 3,077 0.1 122,640 0.8 166.9 459,605,723 7.3

E lectricity, water and gas (utilities) 2,437 0.1 221,335 1.4 157.7 346,456,336 5.5

Construction 13,444 0.4 652,387 4.0 35.4 177,658,231 2.8

Manufacturing 328,718 10.9 4,198,579 25.9 86.4 2,732,718,051 43.3

Trade 1,580,587 52.6 4,997,336 30.8 55.5 832,068,565 13.2

Transportation and warehousing 41,899 1.4 634,940 3.9 105.6 276,369,848 4.4

Finance & I nsurance 10,417 0.3 275,812 1.7 278.7 391,921,728 6.2

S ervices * * /

S ectorsAbsolute %

Econom ic units

Absolute %

Total of personnel* /

Annualpayrollper person Absolute %

Total gross output

(Thousand of pesos)(Thousand of pesos)

1,003,326 33.4 4,939,978 30.4 75.7 1,081,442,477 17.1

* I nclude: Personnel dependent and non dependent on the trade nam e.* * / I nform ation, Finance & I nsurance, Real estate & rental & leasing, Professional, scientific, & technical services, Adm inistrative & S upport & waste m anagm ent & rem ediation services, Educational services, Health care & social assistance, Arts, entertainm ent & recreation, Accom m odation & food services, and Other services.

National Summary

Com parative: Econom ic Censuses 1999 vs 2004Econom ic units

Percentage Absolute %

AbsoluteFigures % Variation

2,805,384 100.0 3,005,157 100.0 7.1

S ectors 1998 2003

TotalFishing

Mining

Electricity, gas and water (utilities)

Construction

Manufacturing

Trade

Transportation and warehousing

Finance & I nsurance

S ervices

21,252 0.721,447 0.8 - 1.0

3,077 0.12,896 0.1 6.3

2,437 0.12,436 0.1 0.0

13,444 0.414,630 0.5 - 8.1

328,718 10.9342,650 12.2 - 4.1

1,580,587 52.61,442,624 51.4 9.6

41,899 1.440,742 1.4 2.8

10,417 0.36,662 0.2 56.4

1,003,326 33.4931,287 33.3 7.7

National Summary

Com parative: Econom ic Censuses 1999 vs 2004Personnel

Percentage Absolute % Absolute % Variation

14,825,994 100.0 9.5

S ectors1998 2003

Total

Fishing

Mining

Electricity, gas and water (utilities)

Construction

Manufacturing

Trade



S ervices

190,182 1.3 3.3

124,259 0.8 - 1.3

193,247 1.3 14.5

712,894 4.8 - 8.5

4,445,253 30.0 - 5.5

4,010,159 27.1 24.6

627,656 4.2 1.2

290,666 2.0 - 5.1

4,231,678 28.5 16.7

16,239,518 100.0

196,481 1.2

122,640 0.8

221,335 1.4

652,387 4.0

4,198,579 25.9

4,997,336 30.8

634,940 3.9

275,812 1.7

4,939,978 30.4

National Summary

8.6% of the personnel (1 .4 m illions of persons) w eren 't legally dependent o f the econom ic unit for w hich they w ork. They can be

supplied by another trade nam e, com m ission agents or w hich earn fees.

Absolute % Absolute %

Total 16,239,518 100.0 14,840,254 100.0 1,399,264 100.0

Fishing 196,481 1.2 186,880 1.3 9,601 0.7

Mining 122,640 0.8 107,261 0.7 15,379 1.1

Electricity, gas and water(utilities) 221,335 1.4 213,240 1.4 8,095 0.6

Construction 652,387 4.0 597,931 4.0 54,456 3.9

Manufacturing 4,198,579 25.9 3,860,137 26.0 338,442 24.2

Trade 4,997,366 30.8 4,616,391 31.1 380,975 27.2

Transportation and warehousing 634,940 3.9 586,957 4.0 47,983 3.4

Finance & I nsurance 275,812 1.7 199,182 1.3 76,630 5.5

S ervices

S ectors

Total Personnel

Total Dependent of the trade nam e

Not dependent of the trade nam e

Absolute %

4,939,978 30.4 4,472,275 30.1 467,703 33.4

National Summary

Total personnel by sex, 2003(Percentages)

93.6

92.2

90.2

86.2

82.8

64.7

62.2

58.0

54.9

54.1

6.4

7.8

9.8

13.8

17.2

35.3

37.8

42.0

45.1

45.9

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Construction

Fishing

Mining


Electricity, water and gas (utilities)

Manufacturing

Total

Non- Financial services

Trade

Finance & insurance

M en W om en

National Summary

Total personnel by sex and stratum 2003(Percentages)

65.9

69.1

66.9

54.4

62.2

34.1

30.9

33.1

45.6

37.8

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

251 and m ore

51 to 250

11 to 50

0 to 10

Total

M en W om en

National Summary

Main econom ic sectors by variable

Rank

Manufacturing

25.9%

Total 86.3% 69.9% 239.5 70.0%

Accom m odation & food services

9.2%

W holesale trade

5.9%

W holesale trade

6.0%

1ro.

3ro

Retail trade

49.7% 337.9

Manufacturing

43.3%

Other services

13.1%

Retail trade

24.8%

2do.

Total gross

output

4to.

5to.


278.6

Mining

7.3%

Manufacturing

10.9%

Accom m odation & food services

7.5%

Econom ic

unit

Total Personnel

Average rem unerationby person

( thousands of annual pesos )

I nform ation

256.0

Health care & social assistance

3.4%

Other services

5.8%

Electricity, waterand gas (utilities)

157.7

Mining

166.9


6.2%

Retail trade

7.2%

Managem ent of com panies and enterprises

National Summary

Econom ic units according to the personnel stratum , 2003

Total Manufacturing Trade S ervices Others

(Percentages)

0 to 10 11 to 50 51 to 250 251 to m ore

94.990.9

97.0 94.7

74.3

4.33.9 6.0 2.5

18.5

0.9 0.4 0.86.0

2.2 0.1 0.21.2

0.90.2

Personnel stratum

National Summary

90.1%

7.5%

2.4%

Natural person Business association Other

J uridical category of the económ ic units , 2003(Percentages)

National Summary

Fixed establishm ent S em i- fixed establishm ent Household

* / Fishing, m ining, electicity, gas and water, construction, transportation and financial services.

85.893.0 93.8

97.792.1

1.6 4.70.6 3.2 3.5 3.10.72.73.813.6

M anufacturing Trade Services O ther sectors */

Tota l

Fixed, sem i- fixed and household establishm ent, 2003 (Percentages)

National Summary

Eight states take account for 63.3%of the total gross output.

Percentages of selected variables by state, 2003

Tota l gross outputTota l personnelEconom ic units

5

10

15

20

National Summary

Rank Econom ic units

Occupied Average rem uneration per person( thousands of annual pesos)

Total gross

output

1Mexico12.1%

Distrito Federal17.5%

Distrito Federal125.3

Distrito Federal23.3%

2Distrito Federal

11.4%

México

9.4%

Nuevo León

97.1

México

8.5%

3J alisco7.1%

J alisco7.5%

Cam peche88.4

Nuevo León8.4%

4Veracruz

6.1%Nuevo León

6.2%México

80.0J alisco6.0%

5Puebla5.5%

Veracruz4.5%

Baja California76.7

Cam peche4.5%

Total 42.2% 45.1% 90.8 50.7%

Main states, 2003

National Summary

Contribution to the total gross output

6.7% O il and gas extraction

4.2% Generation and transm ission of electric power

3.3% Autom obiles and light trucks m anufacturing

3.3% Refining of crude petroleum

2.2% Banks

2.3% Chem ical products m anufacturing

1.9% Traditional telephony

1.5% Pharm acy products m anufacturing

1.4% S oda m anufacturing

1.2% Managem ent of non- financial com panies and enterprises

1.2% Electric and electronic equipm ent for autom otive vehicles

1.0% I nvestm ent societies

1.0% Cellular telephony

Main activities13 of the 964 activity classes collected by the Econom ic Censuses concentrate 31.1% of the total gross output, 37.0% of the fixed assets, 5.3% of the occupied personnel and only 0.069% of the econom ics units.

31.1% Total

National Summary

8.2

12.4

6.2

4.6

I nternet relationshipbetween custom er

and suppliers

Adm inistrativeprocesses

Technical ordesign processes

Developm ent program s to im prove

processing

Econom ic units using com puter equipm ent and I nternet, 2003

(Percentages)

National Summary

In ternet re la tionship betw eencustom er and suppliers

Adm inistra tive processes Technica l ordesign processes

Program m developm entto im prove processing

Personnel stratum

251 and m ore51 - 250 11 - 50 0 - 10

5.68.9

4.3 3.0

52.2

74.1

37.7

30.0

73.1

90.2

58.2

48.2

84.5

95.1

74.868.5

Econom ic units using com puter equipm ent and I nternet, 2003

(Percentages)

National Summary

Fishing and anim al aquaculturePrim ary Activities



Mining

Electricity, gas and water

Construction

Manufacturing industry

S econdary Activities


W holesale trade

Retail trade


I nform ation

Finance and insurance

Real estate and rental

Professional, scientific and technical services

Managem ent of com panies and enterprises

Adm inistrative and support and waste m anagem entand rem ediation services

Educational services

Health care and social assistance

Accom m odation and food services

Other services except governm ent services

Entertainm ent and recreation services

Governm ent activities

Tertiary Activities

MEXICO

Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática

(INEGI)

National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics


Documents

MEXICO Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics 2004 Economic censuses