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35 años de investigación, innovando con energía
Mexican Institute of Electrical Research
(Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas)
April 2015
35 años de investigación, innovando con energía
Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas (IIE)
• On december 1975 the IIE is created as a public descentralized governmental organism
• On october 2001 it is transformed into a public research center, with a more proper administration mechanism
• Its principal objectives are research, applied innovation, technological development, engineering design and specialized technical services.
35 años de investigación, innovando con energía
Develop an energy market based on competitive knowledge.
Mision
Become the reference applied research center in Latin America.
Vision
Mision and Vision
35 años de investigación, innovando con energía
Cuer
nava
ca
• Located in Palmira, Cuernavaca, Morelos
• Over 29,000 m2 built with more than 50 laboratories.
• Over 70,000 m2 of land.
M
onte
rrey
• Park for research and technological innovation (PIIT), Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.
• 8,716 m2 built. • 16,000 m2 of
land.
C E
R T
E
• Located in Juchitán de Zaragoza, La Ventosa, Estado de Oaxaca.
• 320,000 m2 of land.
Leibnitz núm. 11, piso 5, Col. Anzures Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, México, D.F. C. P. 11590
Offices in Mexico City Offices in Veracruz
Av. Ruiz Cortines 1513, Edif. Cañedo, Fraccionamiento Costa de Oro, Boca del Río, Veracruz C. P. 94299
Campus
Cent
ro R
egio
nal d
e Te
cnol
ogía
Eól
ica
35 años de investigación, innovando con energía 5
Main research areas
Smart grids. Modernize, automate and make efficient grids to reduce power
outages and energy costs, and make utilities more competitive.
Equipment lifespan management. Increase equipment reliability, reduce
maintenance costs and time, optimize investment.
Efficiency, energy savings and sustainability. Reduce losses and
effect on environment, introduce cleaning technology such as carbon capture and
storage.
Clean energy. Foster new and better electrical systems based on solar, wind,
water, maritime and geothermal energy.
35 años de investigación, innovando con energía 6
Other strengths
Training. Special simulators, software and hardware for special applications,
specific courses at various levels tought in various locations.
Materials. Specific material development, industrial processes, patent
protection, alliances with various institutions and enterprises.
Planning and law making. Strategic planning consultancy, laws and by
laws development and management, standards management.
Small business acceleration. Contribute with other organizations to
integrate knowledge in competence-building of small firms.
35 años de investigación, innovando con energía 7
Other pertinent figures
Sales to Mexican Government enterprises US$ 53,000
National and international funds (grants) 6,000
Specialized technical services 8,000
Other (patents, royalties, fund management) 3,000
_______
70,000
Employees: 1,600 (760 research staff, 200 students)
35 años de investigación, innovando con energía
Partnerships
WITH INDUSTRY WITH RESEARCH CENTERS ACADEMIA INTERNATIONAL
35 años de investigación, innovando con energía
Telephone: +52 (777) 318 2424, +52 (55) 5254 8437 [email protected]
iie.org.mx
Energy Storage – Definitions, Properties and Economics
Andreas Hauer
Latin America Public-Private Partnerships Workshop on Energy Storage for Sustainable Development April 16-17, 2015 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Definitions „Energy Storage“ What is energy storage? An energy storage system can take up energy and deliver it at a later point in time. The storage process itself consists of three stages: The charging, the storage and the discharging. After the discharging step the storage can be charged again.
Charging Storage Discharging
Definitions „Energy Storage“
What is actually stored? The form of energy (electricity, heat, cold, mechanical energy, chemical energy), which is taken up by an energy storage system, is usually the one, which is delivered. However, in many cases the charged type of energy has to be transformed for the storage (e.g. pumped hydro storage or batteries). It is re-transformed for the discharging. In some energy storage systems the transformed energy type is delivered (e.g. Power-to-Gas or Power-to-Heat).
h
Relation between energy storage systems and their applications The technical and economical requirements for an energy storage system are determined by its actual application within the energy system. Therefore any evaluation and comparison of energy storage technologies is only possible with respect to this application. The application determines the technical requirements (e.g. type of energy, storage capacity, charging/discharging power,…) as well as the economical environment (e.g. expected pay-back time, price for delivered energy,…).
Definitions „Energy Storage“
Electrolysis Hydrogen
„Storage of Power“ „Storage of Energy“
e.g. Power Reserve e.g. Peak Shaving / Dispatchable Load
Difference between Power & Energy
Pow
er
Pow
er
Seconds - Minutes Hours – Days
– Storage Capacity (kWh/kg, kWh/m³) – Charging / Discharging Power (W/kg, W/m³) – Storage Efficiency – Storage Period (Time) – Cost (€/kWh, €/kW)
– Competing Technologies
Phys. / Chem. Effect, Storage Material, Operation Conditions
Storage Design & Engineering, Transport Phenomena,…
Losses (Storage Period, Transformations)
Hours, Days, Months, Years
Investment, Number of Storage Cycles
Properties of an Energy Storage System
Transmission System, Smart Grids, Demand Side Management, Electricity Production
Storage technology
Storage Mechanism
Power Capacity Storage Period
Density Efficiency Lifetime Cost
MW MWh time kWh/ton kWh/m3 % # cycles $/kW $/kWh ¢/kWh-
delivered
Lithium Ion (Li Ion)
Electro-chemical
< 1,7 < 22 day - month 84 - 160 190 - 375 0,89 - 0,98 2960 -5440
1230 - 3770
620 - 2760 17 - 102
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery
Electro-chemical
1 - 60 7 - 450 day 99 - 150 156 - 255 0,75 - 0,86 1620 - 4500
260 - 2560 210 - 920 9 - 55
Lead Acid battery
Electro-chemical
0.1 - 30 < 30 day - month 22 - 34 25 - 65 0,65 - 0,85 160 - 1060 350 - 850 130 - 1100 21 - 102
Redox/Flow battery
Electro-chemical
< 7 < 10 day - month 18 - 28 21 - 34 0,72 - 0,85 1510 - 2780
650 - 2730 120 - 1600 5 - 88
Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
Mechanical 2 - 300 14 - 2050 day - 2 - 7 at
20 - 80 bar 0,4 - 0,75
8620 - 17100
15 - 2050 30 - 100 2 - 35
Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES)
Mechanical 450 - 2500
8000 - 190000
day - month 0,27 at 100m
0,27 at 100m 0,63 - 0,85 12800 - 33000
540 - 2790 40 - 160 0,1 - 18
Hydrogen Chemical varies varies indefinite 34000 2,7 - 160 at 1
- 700 bar 0,22 - 0,50 1 384 - 1408 - 25 - 64
Methane Chemical varies varies indefinite 16000 10 at 1 bar 0,24 - 0,42 1 - - 16 - 44 Sensible storage - Water
Thermal < 10 < 100 hour - year 10 - 50 < 60 0,5 -0,9 ~5000 - 0,1- 13 0,01
Phase change materials (PCM)
Thermal < 10 < 10 hour - week 50 - 150 < 120 0,75 - 0,9 ~5000 - 13 - 65 1,3 - 6
Thermochemical storage (TCS)
Thermal < 1 < 10 hour - week 120 -250 120 - 250 0,8 - 1 ~3500 - 10 - 130 1 - 5
Energy Storage Technology Properties
Economics of an energy storage system depend on • investment cost of the energy storage system • number of storage cycles (per time), which limits the delivered
amount of energy
Economics
Spending = Investment Cost
Earning = delivered Energy = Storage Cycles
Charging St. 100.000 € Storage 100.000 € Discharg. St. 50.000 € Total Cost 250.000 €
4 MWh per cycle, charge/discharge power 1 MW, 2 cycles per day, 1 MWh = 50 € 700 x 200 € = 140.000 €/Jahr
© ZAE Bayern
≈ 10.000 €/kWh ≈ 250 €/kWh
≈ 100 €/kWh ≈ 2,0 €/kWh © ZAE Bayern
© ZAE Bayern
Economics Economics of an energy storage system depend on • investment cost of the energy storage system • number of storage cycles (per time), which limits the delivered
amount of energy • price of the replaced energy (electricity, heat/cold, fuel,…) • „Benefit-Stacking“
Top-Down Approach or „Maximum Acceptable Storage Cost“
The maximum acceptable storage cost (price per storage capacity installed, €/kWh) can be easily calculated on the basis of • Expected pay-back time • Interest rate • Energy cost
Example: In the building sector a payback period of 15 to 20 years and an interest rate of 3% to 6% can be accepted. The price for energy is 0.06 – 0.10 €/kWh.
Enthusiast: payback 20-25 a, interest rate 1%, energy cost 0.12-0.16 €/kWh Building: payback 15-20 a, interest rate 5%, energy cost 0.06-0.10 €/kWh Industry: payback < 5 a, interest rate 10%, energy cost 0.02-0.04 €/kWh
Top-Down Approach or „Maximum Acceptable Storage Cost“
Storage technology
Storage Mechanis
m
Power Capacity Storage Period
Density Efficiency Lifetime Cost
MW MWh time kWh/ton kWh/m3 % # cycles $/kW $/kWh ¢/kWh-delivere
d Lithium Ion (Li Ion)
Electro-chemical
< 1,7 < 22 day - month 84 - 160 190 - 375 0,89 - 0,98 2960 -5440
1230 - 3770
620 - 2760
17 - 102
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery
Electro-chemical
1 - 60 7 - 450 day 99 - 150 156 - 255 0,75 - 0,86 1620 - 4500
260 - 2560
210 - 920
9 - 55
Lead Acid battery
Electro-chemical
0.1 - 30
< 30 day - month 22 - 34 25 - 65 0,65 - 0,85 160 - 1060
350 - 850
130 - 1100
21 - 102
Redox/Flow battery
Electro-chemical
< 7 < 10 day - month 18 - 28 21 - 34 0,72 - 0,85 1510 - 2780
650 - 2730
120 - 1600
5 - 88
Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
Mechanical 2 - 300 14 - 2050 day - 2 - 7 at
20 - 80 bar 0,4 - 0,75
8620 - 17100
15 - 2050
30 - 100 2 - 35
Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES)
Mechanical 450 - 2500
8000 - 190000
day - month 0,27 at 100m
0,27 at 100m
0,63 - 0,85 12800 - 33000
540 - 2790
40 - 160 0,1 - 18
Hydrogen Chemical varies varies indefinite 34000 2,7 - 160 at 1 - 700 bar
0,22 - 0,50 1 384 - 1408
- 25 - 64
Methane Chemical varies varies indefinite 16000 10 at 1 bar 0,24 - 0,42 1 - - 16 - 44 Sensible storage - Water
Thermal < 10 < 100 hour - year 10 - 50 < 60 0,5 -0,9 ~5000 - 0,1- 13 0,01
Phase change materials (PCM)
Thermal < 10 < 10 hour - week 50 - 150 < 120 0,75 - 0,9 ~5000 - 13 - 65 1,3 - 6
Thermochemical storage (TCS)
Thermal < 1 < 10 hour - week 120 -250 120 - 250 0,8 - 1 ~3500 - 10 - 130 1 - 5
Energy Storage Technologies
Storage technology
Storage Mechanis
m
Power Capacity Storage Period
Density Efficiency Lifetime Cost
MW MWh time kWh/ton kWh/m3 % # cycles $/kW $/kWh ¢/kWh-delivere
d Lithium Ion (Li Ion)
Electro-chemical
< 1,7 < 22 day - month 84 - 160 190 - 375 0,89 - 0,98 2960 -5440
1230 - 3770
620 - 2760
17 - 102
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery
Electro-chemical
1 - 60 7 - 450 day 99 - 150 156 - 255 0,75 - 0,86 1620 - 4500
260 - 2560
210 - 920
9 - 55
Lead Acid battery
Electro-chemical
0.1 - 30
< 30 day - month 22 - 34 25 - 65 0,65 - 0,85 160 - 1060
350 - 850
130 - 1100
21 - 102
Redox/Flow battery
Electro-chemical
< 7 < 10 day - month 18 - 28 21 - 34 0,72 - 0,85 1510 - 2780
650 - 2730
120 - 1600
5 - 88
Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
Mechanical 2 - 300 14 - 2050 day - 2 - 7 at
20 - 80 bar 0,4 - 0,75
8620 - 17100
15 - 2050
30 - 100 2 - 35
Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES)
Mechanical 450 - 2500
8000 - 190000
day - month 0,27 at 100m
0,27 at 100m
0,63 - 0,85 12800 - 33000
540 - 2790
40 - 160 0,1 - 18
Hydrogen Chemical varies varies indefinite 34000 2,7 - 160 at 1 - 700 bar
0,22 - 0,50 1 384 - 1408
- 25 - 64
Methane Chemical varies varies indefinite 16000 10 at 1 bar 0,24 - 0,42 1 - - 16 - 44 Sensible storage - Water
Thermal < 10 < 100 hour - year 10 - 50 < 60 0,5 -0,9 ~5000 - 0,1- 13 0,01
Phase change materials (PCM)
Thermal < 10 < 10 hour - week 50 - 150 < 120 0,75 - 0,9 ~5000 - 13 - 65 1,3 - 6
Thermochemical storage (TCS)
Thermal < 1 < 10 hour - week 120 -250 120 - 250 0,8 - 1 ~3500 - 10 - 130 1 - 5
Energy Storage Technologies
Energy Storage Systems are clean!
Energy storage systems used for the integration of renewables or the increase of energy efficiency deliver CO2-neutral energy to their customers. Rising prices for CO2 certificates would support the economics of energy storage!
e.g. power reserve
Fair Market Entry!
• No subsidies & no „market-entry-programme“ needed!
• As soon as „flexibility“ will be adequately remunerated, energy storage systems are competitive!
• Energy storage systems are no „final consumer“ and do not have to pay the related fees!
Japan: Ice storage for
air conditioning due to high electricity
prices in peak hours
Energy Storage Process = Charging + Storage + Discharging
Energy storage can match supply & demand
Energy storage systems can either focus on the storage of energy or power
Energy storage systems will have an increasing market share, if their benefits will be adequately remunerated
The economics depend on the investment cost, the cycle number in an actual application (per time) and the price of the replaced energy
Conclusions
26
storage coststop−down =energy costs × cycles per year
storage annuity
User Energy costs / €·kWh-1 Storage annuity / %
min. max. min. max.
Industry 0.02 0.04 25 30
Building 0.06 0.10 7 10
Enthusiast 0.12 0.16 4 6
Method: Top-down approach
27
storage coststop−down =energy costs × cycles per year
storage annuity
User Energy costs / €·kWh-1 Storage annuity / %
min. max. min. max.
Industry 0.02 0.04 25 30
Building 0.06 0.10 7 10
Enthusiast 0.12 0.16 4 6
Method: Top-down approach
storage costs (high case)
28
storage coststop−down =energy costs × cycles per year
storage annuity
User Energy costs / €·kWh-1 Storage annuity / %
min. max. min. max.
Industry 0.02 0.04 25 30
Building 0.06 0.10 7 10
Enthusiast 0.12 0.16 4 6
Method: Top-down approach
storage costs (low case)
Method: Bottom-up approach
29
storage costsbottom−up =investment costs storage capacity
investment costs = TES material + storage container + charging / discharging device
Mauricio Acevedo
Colombia
OPORTUNIDADES PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL
ALMACENAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA EN COLOMBIA
No se ha integrado como parte del plan de expansión Costo y disponibilidad de combustibles Al ser complemento de otras FNCE el costo adicional dificulta
viabilidad financiera Costo y dimensionamiento en gran escala Integración de soluciones en pequeña escala (redes
inteligentes) Modelos tarifarios y regulación
BARRERAS ALMACENAMIENTO COLOMBIA
Crecimiento GDP 600 billones USD(28)
Ingreso per capita 11,000 USD aprox
Disminución desempleo 9,9%
Crecimiento ciudades Barranquilla y Cali
Desarrollo regional Desarrollo argoindustrial e integración de cadenas de valor
Dificultad Mega Proyectos (Ambientales y Sociales) Sobrecostos y retrasos de licenciamientos
CONTEXTO LOCAL
Fuente: PROCOLOMBIA2014
Balance energético
Usos de energéticos
Demanda de energía eléctrica
Composición de la generación
Plan de expansión
Novedades del sector eléctrico
CONTEXTO ENERGÉTICO LOCAL
Datos año 2012 en Terajulios
USO DE ENERGIA EN COLOMBIA
Fuente: UPME 2014
-
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
Extraida Exportada Uso Final
Mill
ones
de
Tera
julio
s
UtílPérdidasOtros
Energía EléctricaHC ImportadosHC DerivadosBiomasaHidroenergíaGas NaturalCarbónPetroleo
TENDENCIA DE USO FINAL
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2000 2004 2008 2012
Mile
s de
Tera
julio
s
TransporteIndustrialComercial y públicoResidencialOtros
Fuente : UPME 2014
TENDENCIA DE FUENTE
Fuente: UPME 2014
-
500,00
1 000,00
1 500,00
2 000,00
2 500,00
3 000,00
3 500,00
2000 2004 2008 2012
Mile
s de
Tera
julio
s
RenovableFósil
BiomasasElectricidadOtrosCarbónGas NaturalPetroleo y derivados
CXC: Cargo por confiabilidad incluido en la tarifa para garantizar la expansión del sistema eléctrico.
PLAN EXPANSION POR TECNOLOGIA
Seguridad Energética - Acceso - Desarrollo Sostenible – Competitividad 2001 Ley Uso Racional y Eficiente de Energía PRO URE
2002 Incentivos tr ibutarios a maquinaria 2002
2003 Fondos de Investigación y Desarrollo EE y URE
2010 Factor Emisiones CO2 en proyectos de Generación
2011 Plan indicativo 2010 -2015 por sector
2014 Ley 1715 de 2014 Integración de las energías renovables no
convencionales al sistema energético nacional
PLAN DE EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA
Excedentes de autogeneración y
cogeneración Respuesta de la demanda
Generación distribuida
Zonas No Interconectada
Incentivos a FNCER
Eficiencia energética
FENOGE (Fondo financiación)
FUENTES NO CONVENCIONALES DE ER
FNCER
Biomasa
Eólica
Geotérmica
Solar
Energía de los mares
Pequeños Centrales
Hidroeléctricos (PCHs)
Energía de Residuos
Otras que determine la UPME
Potencial (MW)
Total GD
Solar 37437 5970
Eólica 24800 1250
PCH 25000 5000
Biomasa 2630 2630
Eficiencia Energética y respuesta de la demanda Soluciones desarrolladas sobre ER actuales y GD Marco regulatorio y tarifario favorable Implementación redes inteligentes Extensión de beneficios existentes a ER Incentivos financieros y no financieros
INTEGRACION DE ALMACENAMIENTO
40,0%
60,0%
80,0%
100,0%
120,00
140,00
160,00
180,00
200,00
2014
-01-
01
2014
-01-
31
2014
-03-
02
2014
-04-
01
2014
-05-
01
2014
-05-
31
2014
-06-
30
2014
-07-
30
2014
-08-
29
2014
-09-
28
2014
-10-
28
2014
-11-
27
2014
-12-
27
Generación GWh % Aporte Hídrico % Aporte Hídrico + Térmico
Configuración actual Configuración futura
LA RED EN COLOMBIA
F u e n t e : I B M , S m a r t G r i d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S t a t us , U S T D A C o l o m b i a , O c t o b e r 3 , 2 0 1 2
Mejorar calidad del suministro Diferir o apoyar inversiones en ínfraestructura Cubrimiento de zonas no interconectadas (mejorar calidad de
vida) Apoyo al desarrollo regional (agroindustrial) y centros urbanos
e industriales emergentes Desarrollo y apropiación de tecnología de almacenamiento Podemos utilizar represas e infraestructura hídrica como
almacenamiento. Hidroeléctricas reversibles, baterías y capacitores son tecnologías
con gran potencial en Colombia
OPORTUNIDADES
P r in c ip a l p ro b l e m á t i c a y b a r r e r a s No se ha integrado como parte del plan de expansión Costo y disponibilidad de combustibles Al ser complemento de otras FNCE el costo adicional no lo hace viable Costo y dimensionamiento en gran escala Integración de soluciones en pequeña escala (redes inteligentes) Modelos tarifarios y regulación
L e c c io n es a p r e n d id a s y p r in c ip a les d e s a r ro l l o s Promoción y desarrollo de tecnologías
Las aplicables al caso Colombiano: Baterías,Centrales Hidroeléctricas reversibles,Capacitores
Desarrollo e integración Incorporar como alternativa de FNCER Implementación de Redes Inteligentes Masificación de Eficiencia Energética Respuesta y gestión de demanda
Financiación Incluir como parte de los modelos financieros de expansión Dedicar recursos al desarrollo de tecnología y soluciones locales
Ro l d e l a lm a c e n a m ie nto Mejora de la calidad del sistema central Oportunidad de acceso en zonas no interconectadas (pequeña escala)
ALMACENAMIENTO EN COLOMBIA
ENERGY STORAGE IN ENERGY POLICY URUGUAY 2030
Ramón Méndez
Former Secretary of Energy of Uruguay (2008-2015) Chair IRENA´s Council (since 2013) Rio de Janeiro, April 2015
FRAMEWORK AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
(before 2005) • Uruguay has no proven reserves of oil, natural gas or coal
• No access to natural gas in the region • No space for new large hydropower plants Hydro: varies from 45% to 85% of electric mix (“El Niño”)
FRAMEWORK AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
(before 2005) • Uruguay has no proven reserves of oil, natural gas or coal
• No access to natural gas in the region • No space for new large hydropower plants Hydro: varies from 45% to 85% of electric mix (“El Niño”): - Huge potential over costs
FRAMEWORK AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
(before 2005) • Uruguay has no proven reserves of oil, natural gas or coal
• No access to natural gas in the region • No space for new large hydropower plants Hydro: varies from 45% to 85% of electric mix (“El Niño”): - Huge potential over costs - Increasing share of imported oil in the primary energy mix
FRAMEWORK AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
(before 2005) • Uruguay has no proven reserves of oil, natural gas or coal
• No access to natural gas in the region • No space for new large hydropower plants Hydro: varies from 45% to 85% of electric mix (“El Niño”): - Huge potential over costs - Increasing share of imported oil in the primary energy mix • An economy growing at 6%/yr (average) during 10 years
OIL 39%
LNG 6%
HIDROELECTRICITY 14%
BIOELECTRICITY 5%
BIOHEAT 15%
OTHER BIOMASS 10%
WIND 6%
BIOFUELS 3%
SOLAR 1%
GLOBAL PRIMARY MIX 2016
OIL 39%
LNG 6%
HYDROELECTRICITY 14%
BIOELECTRICITY 5%
BIOHEAT 15%
OTHER BIOMASS 10%
WIND 6%
BIOFUELS 3%
SOLAR 1%
GLOBAL PRIMARY MIX 2016
55% RENEWABLE
73 US$/MWh
46 US$/MWh
DECREASING ENERGY COST
Electricity cost according to rain probabilities
DRY YEAR
RAINY YEAR
AVERAGE YEAR
75 US$/MWh
25 US$/MWh
STRONGLY DECREASING CLIMATE VULNERABILITY
Electricity cost according to rain probabilities
DRY YEAR
RAINY YEAR
AVERAGE YEAR
• A long term (2030) global energy policy, including economic, environment, cultural and social issues was defined in 2008
• The policy was backed in 2010 by all political parties and it has a strong social support
• The adequate framework (legal, institutional, regulatory, capacity building) was build
• Public-Private Parternships (with the Public Utility and the National Oil Company): looking for win-win oportunities
THE MAIN INGREDIENTS
Multidimensional and integrated vision, including technological, economic, geopolitical, environmental,
ethical, cultural and social issues
ENERGY POLICY URUGUAY 2030
• Four “Strategic Guidelines”
• Short, medium and long term goals
• An evolving set of tools
INVESTMENTS (2010-2015) 7.1 billion dollars
• 2.4 billion public sector (Public Utility and National Oil Company)
• 4.7 billion public-private parternship
3% of GDP per year (5 times Latin American average)
VERY STRONG STATE LEADERSHIP HAS ALIGNED PRIVATE INTERESTS
TO PRODUCE A NATIONAL STRATEGIC TRANSFORMATION
THE MAIN ACTIONS
1) Fast introduction of non-traditional renewable sources 2) LNG regasification terminal 3) Structural transformation of the electric sector 4) Domestic oil and gas exploration 5) Strong enhancement of energy efficiency 6) Energy access (defined as a “human right” in Uruguay)
RENEWABLE COSTS • Wind energy: 62 US$/MWh (2011)
• PV: 92 US$/MWh (2014)
• Biomass: 92 to 128 US$/MWh (it includes up to 33 US$/MWh of externalities)
RENEWABLE COSTS • Wind energy: 62 US$/MWh (2011)
• PV: 92 US$/MWh (2014)
• Biomass: 92 to 128 US$/MWh (it includes up to 33 US$/MWh of externalities)
NO SUBSIDIES ONLY THE APPROPRIATE FRAMEWORK TO COMPETE
RENEWABLE COSTS • Wind energy: 62 US$/MWh (2011)
• PV: 92 US$/MWh (2014)
• Biomass: 92 to 128 US$/MWh (it includes up to 33 US$/MWh of externalities) • Renewable energies reduce and stabilize electricity costs: - average generation cost: 45 US$/MWh - long term PPA
Structural transformation of the electric sector to make this possible
• Base: wind, hourly followed by hydro
Structural transformation of the electric sector to make this possible
• Base: wind, hourly followed by hydro (stability!)
Structural transformation of the electric sector to make this possible
• Base: wind, hourly followed by hydro (stability!) • Biomass and natural gas combined cycle
complementing
Structural transformation of the electric sector to make this possible
• Base: wind, hourly followed by hydro (stability!) • Biomass and natural gas combined cycle
complementing • Dramatic redefinition of dispatch rules and grid
expansion criteria, including smart grids to manage demand
Structural transformation of the electric sector to make this possible
• Base: wind, hourly followed by hydro (stability!) • Biomass and natural gas combined cycle
complementing • Dramatic redefinition of dispatch rules and grid
expansion criteria, including smart grids to manage demand
• Increase of regional interconnection (2000 MW with Argentina; 570 MW with Brazil)
WIND ENERGY
• 0 MW in 2007
• 594 MW today (45% of average power demand) •1200 MW by mid 2016 (95% average power demand)
WIND ENERGY
• 0 MW in 2007
• 594 MW today (45% of average power demand) •1200 MW by mid 2016 (95% average power demand) Total hydro installed capacity: 1550 MW
ENERGY STORAGE
To continue the introduction of wind energy, extra strategies are needed after 2022-2023
ENERGY STORAGE
To continue the introduction of wind energy, extra strategies are needed after 2022-2023:
Demand management (real time electric rate: irrigation, household electric appliances, smart grids)
ENERGY STORAGE
To continue the introduction of wind energy, extra strategies are needed after 2022-2023:
Demand management (real time electric rate: irrigation, household electric appliances, smart grids) Storage in electric vehicles Storage in reversible hydropower plants
REVERSIBLE HYDROPOWER PLANTS The performance of a reversible hydropower plant in the national electric system was assessed (http://iie.fing.edu.uy/simsee/curso2012/trabajosfinales/simsee2012_centrales_bombeo.pdf)
Power: 600 MW Energy stored: 5.84 GWh Height difference: 125 m Upper stored water volume: 17 hm3 A simulation (short, medium and long term scales) of the system dispatch and energy cost was assessed
REVERSIBLE HYDROPOWER PLANTS
Feasibility study of a specific location based on geological, geotechnical, hydraulic, electromechanical and environmental studies
Supply Energy mix diversification (sources and suppliers) Reduce share of imported oil Increase share of domestic sources Strong support to renewables, with no subsidies Building local capacities (technology transfer) Keeping low carbon footprint
Institutional
Government defines and coordinates energy policy Public utility (UTE) and NOC (ANCAP) as the main tools Enhanced participation of private companies Transparent and stable regulatory framework
STRATEGIC GUIDELINES
Demand
Strong support to energy efficiency in all energy sectors and all activities (transport, building, industry) The State as a paradigmatic example Promoting a cultural change
Social Adequate energy access to all citizens as a human right Energy policy embedded in national social policies to face vulnerability
STRATEGIC GUIDELINES (continue)
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Estamos em um ponto de inflexão para o setor elétrico
Futuro do setor elétrico
Rede Inteligente Rede Convencional •Descentralização da geração de energia •Maior confiabilidade do sistema •Clientes participam do mercado elétrico •Transformação do comportamento da indústria elétrica e dos consumidores
Os padrões de geração e consumo de energia elétrica estão mudando: • Transformações tecnológicas recentes e potenciais, como geração distribuída, o
desenvolvimento de baterias e a internet das coisas • Não será um processo simples (mudanças legais/regulatórias e de costumes)
3
Principais objetivos: •Aumentar a capacidade de recepção de energias renováveis •Desenvolver serviços que incrementem a segurança da rede de distribuição
Futuro do setor elétrico
O Grupo Enel desenvolve, aplica e avalia soluções em condições reais de operação determinando a viabilidade de
novas tecnologias
Estacionamento solar na Sede da Enel Brasil
Instalação de medidores inteligentes em nossas distribuidoras
4
80% da capacidade de geração com fontes renováveis: • Alta variação no custo marginal de energia:
10 USD/MWh em períodos úmidos 540 USD/MWh em períodos cecos • Diferenças na tarifa horária de até 10 vezes:
Hora ponta: 500 USD/MWh
Fora ponta: 50 USD/MWh
No caso do Brasil...
O armazenamento e a mudança de comportamento dos usuários ajudará a reduzir a sobrecarga do sistema elétrico em hora de ponta
Crescimento carros convencionais
no mundo +4,2%
Características do setor
+96% 112
+200% 42
+171% 38
+6% 17
+67% 15
Mundo
Europa
Estados Unidos
Japão
China
Venda de automóveis 100% elétricos em 2013
(vs. 2012 / mil)
Mobilidade Elétrica
Energia armazenada em veículos (BYD):
• Carro: 61,4 Kwh • Ônibus: 324 Kwh
2007 – USD 1,3 mil/kWh 2012 - USD 500/kWh
Custo das baterias?
Custo médio por Km percorrido por um carro:
1. Álcool: USD 0,17 2. Gasolina: USD 0,16 3. Elétrico: USD 0,04
6
Aplicativo localiza ponto de recarga mais próximo e agenda recarga
Colunas de abastecimento
Eletroposto de Recarga Rápida
Iniciativas do Grupo Enel
Mobilidade Elétrica
Parceria com a Hubject para compatibilidade dos serviços de recarga na Europa
Colômbia: Parcerias com Nissan, Mitsubishi, Zero moto e Sofasa-Renault • Recarregar 50 táxis • Adquirir 15 veículos e 34 motocicletas
Iniciativas do Grupo Enel
Mobilidade Elétrica
Eslováquia: Objetivo de 30 veículos até 2015 • Deslocamentos entre as usinas feitos por carros elétricos
• Parque de veículos elétricos chegou a 1 megawatt/hora fornecido pelas colunas
Ampliação na infraestrutura para veículo elétrico
Mudanças institucionais e regulatórios para fomentar o uso de carros elétricos
Peru: Compromisso com a promoção da mobilidade sustentável
Iniciativas do Grupo Enel
Mobilidade Elétrica
• Parcerias com Mitsubishi e automóvel i-MiEV Veículo elétrico 7 vezes mais econômico que os modelos a gasolina e 2 vezes mais que os modelos a gás natural
Argentina: Implantação posto de recarga pública e parceria com Renault para promover os veículos elétricos
Brasil: Utilização de veículos elétricos na Cidade Inteligente Búzios
• 4 carros • 48 bicicletas • 2 postos de recarga
9
• Mais limpos
• Mais silenciosos
• Mais econômicos
• Mais eficientes (90% vs. 30%)
• Sem geração de ondas e marolas Barco Elétrico da Enel Brasil desenvolvido
no projeto Búzios Smart City
Alguns rios na Europa e EUA, além de canais da Holanda, Bélgica, Alemanha e Dinamarca possuem transporte regular com
embarcações movidas a sistemas 100% elétricos
Em Búzios, frota de 25 Aquatáxis Economia de 75% com combustível Em 1 ano... R$ 600 mil e -20 mil toneladas de CO2
Iniciativas do Grupo Enel
Mobilidade Elétrica
Sistemas Off Grid
Painel Solar Fotovoltaico
Banco de Baterias
Controlador de Carga
Inversor
Consumidor
ANEEL permite implementar esse modelo quando: Obra da rede convencional não é rentável Unidade consumidora está localizada a mais de 5 Km da rede convencional É necessária a utilização de cabos subaquáticos ou isolado Existam limitações técnicas ou ambientais Seja necessária a complementação de fases na rede existente
Sistemas elétricos de geração, distribuição e consumo independentes da rede convencional
Levar energia a clientes que não podem ser atendidos pela rede de distribuição convencional.
Objetivo
Sistemas Individuais de Geração de Energia Elétrica com Fontes Intermitentes
Projetos em desenvolvimento no Brasil
• Investimento • Geração mensal • Cobrança da tarifa residencial • Investimentos reconhecidos como ativos
15 mil dólares 80 kWh
Microrredes para clientes eletrodependentes
Garantir o suprimento de energia elétrica a clientes com dependência clínica de equipamentos elétricos em caso de falha na rede convencional
Objetivo
Dados
Quantidade de eletrodependentes Consumo médio mensal Ticket médio
Projetos em desenvolvimento no Brasil
Enel Brasil
3.303 330kwh USD 72
Microrredes Inteligentes Geração Distribuída e Armazenamento
50kWp de geração solar fotovoltaica 6kW de geração eólica de pequeno porte 150kWh de acumulação em bateria
Projetos em desenvolvimento no Brasil
Gestão Energética com Interface do Cliente +