mevi Rb¨ †UKmB fwel¨r wbg©vY - UNESCOunesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002457/245745BEN.pdf · Gi KZ©„cÿ A_ev †Kvb wba©vwiZ mxgvšÍ ev cwimxgvi †Kvb ai‡bi AwfgZ cÖKvk

SustainableDevelopmentGoals

United Nations

Cultural Organization

2016

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b

gvbyl I we‡k¦i Rb¨ wkÿv:

mevi Rb¨ †UKmB fwel¨r wbg©vY

2016



êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b

4

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b 2016mswÿßmvi

AvšÍR©vwZK Rbmgv‡Ri c‡ÿ BD‡bm‡Kvi D‡`¨v‡M cÖYxZ GwU GKwU ¯^vaxb cÖwZ‡e`b| GwU GKwU mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm: cÖwZ‡e`K

`‡ji m`m¨ Qvov Gi m‡½ Av‡iv A‡bK e¨w³, G‡RwÝ, cÖwZôvb I miKvi hy³ wQj|

BD‡bm‡Kvi c‡ÿ GB cÖKvkbvi Rb¨ wbhy³ Awfav Ges Gi wewfbœ wel‡qi cwi‡ekbv †Kvb †`k, AÂj, bMi A_ev GjvKv ev

Gi KZ©„cÿ A_ev †Kvb wba©vwiZ mxgvšÍ ev cwimxgvi †Kvb ai‡bi AwfgZ cÖKvk‡K wb‡`©wkZ K‡i bv|

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`K `j GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b cÖKvwkZ wewea Z‡_ï wbe©vPb I cwi‡ekbv Ges wea„Z gZvg‡Zi Rb¨

`vqx| Avewk¨Kfv‡e GBme AwfgZ BD‡bm‡Kvi bq Ges GB ms¯’vi G wel‡q †Kvb `vq †bB|

cÖwZ‡e`‡b mvaviYfv‡e cÖKvwkZ `„wófw½ I gZvg‡Zi Rb¨ cwiPvj‡Ki `vq i‡q‡Q|

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`K `j

cwiPvjK: Avib †ebvfU

gv‡bvm G‡›Uvwbwbm, †gwWwjb e¨vix, wb‡Kvj †ejv, wbnvb †Kv‡m‡jrwm eøvswK,

gv‡K©vm †`jcv‡Zv©. †Møb nv‡U©‡jwÐ, K¨v‡_wib †R‡i, wcÖq`wk©bx †hvkx, KvKviwmbv KzevKv,

jxjv jvDwcm, Kvwmqvwb jvB_viv‡½vwgwUm, Avjm‡Wqvi g¨vKDBwjqg, Avwbmv †g³vi,

eªvbI‡qj wgjvi, K¬w`b gywKRIqv, BDwK gyivKvgx, Zvqv jyBm AvI‡qÝ, RywW_ ivwÛqvbv‡Zvqvwfbv,

†KU †iWg¨vb, gvwiqv ivR‡bvf, Avbv Bqv iæmwK‡qwfrm, DBj w¯§_, Gwgwj mye‡Wb,

†ivRv wf`v‡Z© Ges Avmgv Ryev‡qix

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b GKwU ¯^vaxb evwl©K cÖKvkbv| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi A_© msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q wewfbœ miKvi, eûgyLx

cÖwZôvb Ges †emiKvwi dvD‡Ðkb †_‡K Ges BD‡bm‡Kv GB Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv I mg_©b cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|

Av‡iv Z‡_ï Rb¨ AbyMÖnc~e©K †hvMv‡hvM Kiæb:

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`K `j

cÖh‡Zœ - BD‡b‡¯‹v 7 †cøm `¨ db‡Ubq

75352 c¨vwim 07 Gmwc, d«vÝ

B‡gBj: [email protected]

†Uwj‡dvb: +331 45680741

http://gemreportunesco.wordpress.com

gy`ª‡Yi ci †Kvb ÎæwU ev AšÍf©yw³i Afve jÿ Kiv

†M‡j Zv AbjvBb ms¯‹i‡Y ms‡kvab Kiv n‡e|

www .unesco.org/gemreport

c UNESCO 2016

me©¯^Z¡ msiwÿZ

cÖ_g ms¯‹iY

2016 mv‡j RvwZmsN wkÿv, êÁvwbK I mvs¯‹…wZK

ms¯’v KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ

7 †cøm `¨ db‡Ubq, 75352

c¨vwim 07 Gmwc, d«vÝ

Aÿiweb¨vm Ñ BD‡bm‡Kv

MÖvwdK wWRvBbÑGdGBPAvB 360

AjsKiYÑGdGBPAvB 360

†KŠZzKK_v AjsKiY-Uwe gwim

bZzb êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b wmwiR

2016 gvbyl Ges we‡k¦i Rb¨ wkÿv:


BGdG (EFA) êwk¦K cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b wmwiR

2015 mevi Rb¨ wkÿv 2000-2015: AR©b Ges P¨v‡jÄmg~n

2013/4 wkÿv I wkLb: mevi Rb¨ DrKl© AR©b

2012 ZviæY¨ Ges `ÿZv: K‡g© wkÿvi cÖ‡qvM

2011 †Mvcb msKU: mk¯¿ msNl© Ges wkÿv

2010 cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv

2009 AmgZvi mgvavb: mykvm‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

2008 2015-Gi g‡a¨ mevi Rb¨ wkÿv:

Avgiv wK Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvie?

2007 mej wfwË: cÖvK-ˆkke cÖhZœ I wkÿv

2006 Rxe‡bi Rb¨ mvÿiZv

2005 mevi Rb¨ wkÿv: gv‡bi Acwinvh©Zv

2003/4 †RÛvi I mevi Rb¨ wkÿv: mgZv Awfgy‡L hvÎv

2002 mevi Rb¨ wkÿv: wek¦ wK mwVK c‡_ Av‡Q?

cÖ_g I †kl cÖ”Q‡ì Qwe:

dvw`j AvwRR/Gjwmevg d‡UvMÖvwd

cÖ”Q‡` eëüZ Qwe‡Z B‡›`v‡bwkqvi myjvI‡qwm AÂ‡ji †UvwMqvb

Øxccy‡Äi cvjvD †cvcb Øx‡ci wkÿv_x©‡ì †`Lv hv‡”Q| ev‡Rv

DcRvwZi wkïiv UO N‡i evm K‡i Ges cÖwZw`b cÖwZ‡ekx †gjv‡½

Øx‡ci we`¨vj‡q hvevi Rb¨ Zviv 1.8 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© GKUv †mZz

cvi nq|

m_barry

Typewritten Text

ED-2016/WS/33/Rev.

mailto:[email protected]

http://gemreportunesco.wordpress.com

5

gyLeÜ

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b 2016

Bwibv †ev‡Kvfv

gnvcwiPvjK, BD‡bm‡Kv

mswÿßmvi

2015 mv‡ji †g gv‡m wek¦ wkÿv †dvivg 160wU †`‡ki 1600 AskMÖnYKvix‡K BbwPq‡b (†Kvwiqv cÖRvZš¿) mw¤§wjZ K‡iwQj|

Zv‡ì mevi g‡b wQj GKUvB jÿ¨: 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wKfv‡e mevi Rb¨ AšÍf©yw³g~jK I mgZvm~PK gvbm¤§Z wkÿv Ges

Rxebe¨vcx wkLb wbwðZ Kiv hvq?

†UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi wkÿv wel‡q ejv n‡q‡QÑÒmevi Rb¨ AšÍf©yw³g~jK wkÿv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Rxebe¨vcx wkL‡bi my‡hvM

e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó 2030-Gi GB jÿ¨ w¯’i Kivi wel‡q BbwPq‡bi wkÿv welqK †NvlYv wbqvgK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

IB †NvlYv BD‡bm‡Kv‡K wkÿv 2030-Gi wkÿv G‡RÛvq †bZ…Z¡, mgš^q I cwiexÿ‡Yi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i| Zv Qvov GUv AvMvgx

c‡bi eQi a‡i êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`‡b (GEM) ¯^Zš¿ cwiexÿY Ges wkÿv wel‡q (SDG 4) †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨ Ges IB

jÿ¨gvÎvi g‡a¨ wkÿv wel‡q [we‡kl] avivi Ici cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki‡Z Avnevb Rvbvq|

GB G‡RÛvi P~ovšÍ jÿ¨ nj Ôev` hv‡e bv †KDÕ| Zvi Rb¨ wecyj DcvË I wbf©yj cwiexÿY cÖ‡qvRb| êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY

cÖwZ‡e`‡bi 2016 ms¯‹iY miKvimg~n I bxwZcÖ‡YZv‡ì GmwWwR 4 AR©b Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z g~jëvb AšÍ`„©wói †hvMvb †`‡e| †hme

m~PK I jÿ¨ i‡q‡Q Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i mvgwMÖK mdjZvi Rb¨ mgZv I AšÍf©yw³‡K c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Z n‡e|

GB cÖwZ‡e`b Lye my¯úófv‡e wZbwU evZ©v cÖ`vb K‡i|

cÖ_gZ, bZzb cš’vi Riæwi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv| eZ©gvb cÖeYZv Abyhvqx ¯^í Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡ZB ïay 70% wkï 2030 mvj bvMv` cÖv_wgK

wkÿv mgvcb Ki‡e| 2015 mv‡jB GB jÿ¨ AwR©Z nIqv DwPZ wQj| GB cÖeYZvi MwZ e„w× Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb

ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv, bxwZgvjv, D™¢vebx kw³ I m¤ú`|

wØZxqZ, Avgiv hw` GmwWwR 4 AR©‡b AvšÍwiK nB, Avgv‡ì Aek¨B `xN© †gqv`x `vqe×Zv Ges cÖej ZrciZvi m‡½ KvR Ki‡Z

n‡e| GUv Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡j Zv ïay wkÿvq †bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡e bv eis cÖ‡Z¨K jÿ¨ AR©‡bi MwZ‡K kø_ Ki‡e| †hgb, `vwi`ª¨

we‡gvPb, ÿzav wbeviY, DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨, †RÛvi mgZv Ges bvixi ÿgZvqb, †UKmB Drcv`b Ges †fvM, kw³ai bMimg~n Ges AwaKZi

mgZvm~PK I AšÍfy©w³g~jK mgvReë¯’v|

me‡k‡l, wkÿv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì fvebv Ges gvbeKj¨vY I êwk¦K Dbœq‡b Gi f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì wPšÍvq †gŠwjK cwieZ©b

Avb‡Z n‡e| AZx‡Zi †P‡q GLb wkÿvi AwaKZi `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q hv mwVK `ÿZv, `„wófw½ Ges AvPiY e„w×‡Z mnvqK Ges †mUvB

†UKmB I AšÍfy©w³g~jK cÖe„w×i PvwjKvkw³|

Avgv‡ì †hme mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK Ges cwi‡ekMZ P¨v‡jÄ i‡q‡Q, Zv †gvKv‡ejvq mvgwMÖK I mymsnZ c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z †UKmB

Dbœqb G‡RÛv 2030 Avgv‡ì Avnevb Rvbvq| Gi A_© nj cÖPwjZ cwimxgv‡K AwZµgY Ges Kvh©Ki I AvšÍtwefvMxq mn‡hvwMZv m„wó|

mevi Rb¨ †UKmB fwel¨‡Zi m‡½ hy³ _v‡K gvbegh©v`v, mvgvwRK AšÍf©yw³ Ges cwi‡ekMZ msiÿY| G Ggb GK fwel¨Z †hLv‡b

A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AmgZv‡K evwo‡q †Zv‡j bv, eis mevi Rb¨ mg„w× M‡o †Zv‡j; †hLv‡b bMivqb I kªg evRvi cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K

ÿgZvwqZ K‡i Ges †MvôxMZ I ms¯’vMZ A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ n‡e cwi‡ekevÜe| †UKmB Dbœqb nj GKwU wek¦vm †hLv‡b ¯^v¯’¨Ki wek¦

e¨ZxZ gvbweK Dbœqb NU‡Z cv‡i bv| bZzb †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvq †cŠuQv‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì mevi fvebvi g‡a¨ †hb GB K_vUv _v‡K

†h, Rxebe¨vcx wkLbB wkÿvi P~ovšÍ D‡Ïk¨| Ab¨ †h‡Kvb wKQy A‡cÿv mwVK avivi wkÿv ÿgZvwqZ, wPšÍbmg„×, wb‡ew`Z I my`ÿ

bvMwiK m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i, hviv mevi Rb¨ AwaKZi wbivc`, meyR I my›ì c„w_ex Movi c_ wbg©vY Ki‡e| GB bZzb cÖwZ‡e`b Gme

Av‡jvPbv‡K mg„× Kivi Rb¨ cÖvmw½K cÖgvY nvwRi Ki‡e Ges mevi Rb¨ GUv‡K ev¯Íe K‡i Zzj‡Z bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡b c_ cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|

6


gyLeÜ

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b (GEM : wRBGg) 2016 hyMcr ¸iæM¤¢xi I D‡ØMRbK| GUv GKUv `xN©, mvgwMÖK, Mfxi

`„wóm¤úbœ I m~²`k©x cÖwZ‡e`b| GUv GKUv wkniY RvMv‡bv cÖwZ‡e`b| wkÿv †h †UKmB Dbœqb Ges †UKmB Dbœqb

jÿ¨gvÎvi cÖvY, GB cÖwZ‡e`b †mK_v‡K cÖwZôv K‡i| GKB m‡½ GUv my¯úófv‡e eywS‡q †`q †h, †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv

(SDG : GmwWwR) AR©b †_‡K Avgiv KZUv `~‡i| cÖwZ‡e`bwU wek¦e¨vcx msKU ms‡KZ evwR‡q Gm-wW-wR-i 4 msL¨K jÿ¨

AR©‡b [h_vh_] Kg©cš’v‡K HwZnvwmKfv‡e †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z Avnevb Rvbvq|

wkÿv †h †UKmB Dbœq‡bi cÖwZwU gvÎvq me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †hvMvb w`‡Z cv‡i GB cÖwZ‡e`b nj Zvi cÖvgvwYK weeiYx|

DbœZZi wkÿvB wbwðZ K‡i AwaKZi mg„w×, DbœZ K…wl, DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, mwnsmZv n«vm, AwaKZi bvix-cyiæl mgZv, D”PZi

mvgvwRK cuywR Ges mgybœZ cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek| Avgv‡ì me©Rbxb fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ †UKmB Dbœqb †Kb GKwU cÖavb aviYv, Zv

wek¦e¨vcx mevB‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ g~j PvweKvwV nj wkÿv| GmwWwR fvebv Ges IB jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡b wkÿvB Avgv‡ì cÖavb

nvwZqvi hv A_©bxwZ, mvgvwRK I cÖhyw³MZ GgbwK b¨vqwfwËK aviYvi †hvMvb †`q| Gme K_vB mwe¯Ív‡i, wbcyYfv‡e Ges

AmvaviYfv‡e GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q| [mswkøó] †Uwej, MÖvd Ges weeiYx †_‡K eû Z_¨m¤ú` AvniY Kiv hv‡e|

eZ©gvb c„w_ex †hme ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡f`‡iLvi Ici ùvwo‡q i‡q‡Q Ges 2030 mv‡j Zvi MšÍe¨ †Kv_vq, Zvi Ici †Rvi †`qv

n‡q‡Q GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b| wkÿvR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î abx-`wi‡`ªi `~iZ¡ i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ †`k Ges †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡iI fqven `~iZ¡ i‡q‡Q|

AwaKvsk `wi`ª †`‡k eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq `wi`ª wkïiv AbwZµg¨ evavi m¤§yLxb nq| Zv‡ì evwo‡Z covi eB †bB; cÖvK-cÖv_wgK

wkÿvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB; we`y¨r, cvwb, ¯^v¯’¨, `ÿ wkÿK, cvV¨ eB Ges †gŠwjK wkÿvi Ab¨vb¨ Avbylw½K DcKiY †bB,

gvbm¤§Z wkÿvcÖvwß †Zv c‡ii K_v| Gm‡ei cÖfve †Zv we¯§qKi| †hLv‡b GmwWwRi 4 msL¨K j‡ÿ¨ ejv n‡”Q, 2030 mv‡ji

g‡a¨ me©Rbxbfv‡e D”Pgva¨wgK wkÿv mgvcb Kiv n‡e, †mLv‡b ¯^í Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z eZ©gvb mgvc‡bi nvi n‡”Q gvÎ 14%

(c~Y©v½ cÖwZ‡e`‡bi 10.3 †Uwej `ªóe¨)|

eZ©gvb aviv eRvq _vK‡j KZ msL¨K †`k 2030-Gi jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b Ki‡e A_ev AvÂwjKfv‡e `ªæZZg cÖe„w×i †`‡ki

c_‡iLvi m‡½ gvbvbmB K‡i Zzj‡Z wK wK KiYxq, †m wel‡q GB wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKUv mshgx

DËi †`qv n‡q‡Q: Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb nj Af~Zc~e© MwZkxjZv, hv Awej‡¤^ ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z 4 msL¨K GmwWwR-i

mdjZvi Rb¨ GKUv D‡`¨vM †bqv hvq|

wb›`yKiv ej‡ZB cv‡ib, ÔAvgiv e‡jwQjvg 4-msL¨K GmwWwR †Kvbfv‡eB AR©b‡hvM¨ bqÕ Ges Zviv ej‡ZB cv‡ib †h Avgiv

†hb Ôev¯ÍeZv‡KÕ †g‡b wbB| wKš‘ AMwYZ Dcv‡q GB cÖwZ‡e`b †Rv‡ii m‡½ cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Q †h, Ggb AvZ¥cÖmv` AmshZ Ges

A‰bwZK| eZ©gv‡bi bZzb cÖRb¥‡K hw` Avgiv we`¨vj‡q h‡_vwPZ wkÿv w`‡Z bv cvwi, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì‡K Avgiv aŸs‡mi w`‡K

†V‡j †è Ges AbvMZ K‡qK `k‡Ki Rb¨ fwel¨r c„w_ex `vwi`ª¨, cwi‡ekMZ `y`©kv GgbwK mvgvwRK mwnsmZv I Aw¯’iZvq

cwZZ n‡e| AvZ¥cÖmv‡ì †Kvb ARynvZ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi evZ©v nj-Af~Zc~e© cš’vq wkÿvi AR©b Z¡ivwš^Z

Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì mw¤§wjZfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e|

Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi GKUv c_ nj A‡_©i †hvMvb| G‡ÿ‡ÎI GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b msh‡gi Avfvm Av‡Q| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b (c~Y©v½

cÖwZ‡e`‡bi wPÎ 20.7) ejv n‡q‡Q 2009 mv‡ji Zzjbvq GLb wkÿvi Rb¨ Dbœqb mnvqZv A‡bK Kg| abx †`k¸wji

`„wófw½‡Z G‡ÿ‡Î wech©qKi NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| `vZv †`k¸‡jv wK mwZ¨B wek¦vm K‡i †h, c„w_exi ¯^í Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z wkÿv

Dbœq‡b n«¯^ wewb‡qvM K‡i Zviv ÔA_© mÂqÕ Ki‡Q? D”P Av‡qi †`k¸‡jvi †bZ…e„›` I bvMwiKe„›` GB cÖwZ‡e`b cv‡Vi ci

Mfxifv‡e m‡PZb n‡q DV‡eb, eyS‡eb êwk¦K Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wkÿvq wewb‡qvM GKwU †gŠwjK kZ©| GK_vI eyS‡eb †h, eZ©gvb

mnvqZv hv cÖv_wgK wkÿvq eQ‡i gvÎ 5 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡ii gZ, †mUv Avm‡j abx †`k¸wji RbcÖwZ eQ‡i 5 Wjvi!

c„w_exi fwel¨r †UKmB Dbœqb I kvwšÍi Rb¨ GB wewb‡qvM LyeB `ytLRbK|

2016 wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b eûmsL¨K AšÍ`©„wó, mycvwik Ges GwM‡q hvevi wbkvbv i‡q‡Q| wKfv‡e 4-msL¨K GmwWwR-i cwigvc

I cwiexÿY Kiv hv‡e, †m e¨vcv‡i AZ¨šÍ g~jëvb civgk© i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b fwZ© I mgvc‡bi gZ ¯’~j m~PK eënvi K‡i

wkÿvq †hvMvb, gvb I AR©b cwigvc Kiv nq, GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b D`vniY‡hv‡M †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Av‡iv m~²Zifv‡e Ab¨Zi cš’vq

cwigvc Kiv m¤¢e| AwaKZi DcvË, DbœZZi Rwi‡ci DcKiY, cwiexÿ‡Yi myweav Ges Z_¨cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g Avgiv me©¯Í‡i

wkÿv cÖwµqv I Gi djvdj m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wbLyuZ c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cvwi|

7

†Rwd« wW. mvKm

†UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨ wel‡q

RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei we‡kl Dc‡`óv

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b 2016 mswÿßmvi

c‡bi eQi Av‡M, Ae‡k‡l, c„w_ex gnvgvix GBWm I Ab¨vb¨ ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwKi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡iwQj Ges mnmªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi

cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Rb¯^v‡¯’¨ wewb‡qvM e„w×i Rb¨ ev¯Íe c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡iwQj| Gi d‡j GBWm, h²v I g¨v‡jwiqv cÖwZ‡iv‡a êwk¦K

Znwej MVb Ges UxKv`vb I †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a êwk¦K †RvU-Gi gZ cÖavb wKQy Kg©m~wP †bqv n‡qwQj| Ggb Av‡iv wKQy `„óvšÍ

Av‡Q| Gme D‡`¨vM Rb¯^v¯’¨ SzuwK †iva I Znwej MV‡b bvUKxq euvK m„wó K‡iwQj| hwÌ Gi Øviv m¤¢ve¨ mewKQy AR©b Kiv

m¤¢e nqwb (cÖavbZ 2008 mv‡ji Avw_©K g›`v Rb¯^v‡¯’¨ wewb‡qvM e¨vnZ K‡iwQj) wKš‘ Ae‡iva fvO‡bi †ÿ‡Î Gme D‡`¨vM

Kvh©Ki wQj, †mm‡ei djvdj eZ©gv‡bI Abyfe Kiv hvq|

2016 wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b Ggbfv‡e cvV Ki‡Z n‡e hvi ga¨ w`‡q GB Avnevb dz‡U I‡V †h, GmwWwRi †K›`ªxq Dcv`vb

wn‡m‡e wkÿvi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgvi AwfgZ nj, †hK_v weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i evi evi cybive„wË K‡iwQ, wkÿvi Rb¨

êwk¦K Znwej Riæwifv‡e MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| GBWm, h²v I g¨v‡jwiqvi Rb¨ êwk¦K Znwej †_‡K BwZevPK wkÿv wb‡q GB

KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿvi P¨v‡j‡Äi †K›`ªxq we›`y‡Z i‡q‡Q A_© msKU| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b AvšÍt‡`kxq Ges LvbvwfwËK DcvË

we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv Mfxifv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|

my‡hvM, Avï cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges 4-msL¨K GmwWwR-†Z AšÍf©y³ I †NvwlZ êwk¦K j‡ÿï cÖwZ mvov w`‡Z GB cÖfvewe¯Ívix

`wjj Avgv‡ì Avnevb Rvbvq| IB jÿ¨ nj, mevi Rb¨ gvbm¤§Z me©Rbxb wkÿv Ges Rxebe¨vcx wkL‡bi my‡hvM| mKj

gvbyl‡K Avwg GB cÖwZ‡e`b cvV Kivi Rb¨ Avnevb Rvbvw”Q Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq evZ©vmg~n mK‡j Mfxifv‡e Abyaveb Kiæb|

me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq nj, Avmyb Avgiv ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx †_‡K êwk¦K mgvR ch©šÍ mKj ¯Í‡i Kg©Zrci n‡q DwV|

8


2016 êwk¦K wkÿv

cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b mswÿßmvi

†Uwej 1

wKfv‡e wkÿv Ab¨vb¨ †UKmB Dbœqb j‡ÿï m‡½ Zzjbxqfv‡e mshy³

jÿ¨ 1

jÿ¨ 2

jÿ¨ 3

jÿ¨ 5

jÿ¨ 6

jÿ¨ 7

jÿ¨ 8

jÿ¨ 9

gvbyl‡K `vwi`ª¨mxgvi evB‡i Avbvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

AwaKZi †UKmB K…wlc×wZ Ges cywói Ávbjv‡f gvbyl‡K mnvqZvi †ÿ‡Î

wkÿv cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨vi wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î wkÿv Zvrch©en f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| †hgb,

AKvjg„Zy¨, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, †ivM msµgY, ¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxebhvcb Ges g½jgq

Rxeb|

†gŠwjK mvÿiZv AR©b, AskMÖnYg~jK `ÿZv I mÿgZvi Dbœqb Ges

RxebPµ e„w×‡Z bvix I evwjKv‡ì wkÿv we‡klfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

`ÿZv e„w×, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eënv‡i mÿgZv Ges ¯^v‡¯’ï DbœwZ‡Z wkÿv I

cÖwkÿY mnvqZv K‡i|

we‡klZ R¡vjvwb msiÿY Ges bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwb m„wó‡Z DcvbyôvwbK I

AbvbyôvwbK wkÿv Kg©m~wP mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿvi wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii m‡½ A_©‰bwZK kw³, D‡`¨vM MÖnY, kªgevRvi `ÿZvi

mivmwi †hvM i‡q‡Q|

AwaKZi kw³kvjx AeKvVv‡gv Ges †UKmB wkívq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ÿZv

m„wó‡Z wkÿv cÖ‡qvRbxq|

jÿ¨ 10

jÿ¨ 11

jÿ¨ 12

jÿ¨ 13

jÿ¨ 14

jÿ¨ 15

jÿ¨ 16

jÿ¨ 17

mgZv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î ev mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK AmgZv `~i Ki‡Z wkÿv wbwðZfv‡eB Kvh©Kix|

wkÿv gvbyl‡K Ggb `ÿZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i hvi gva¨‡g †UKmB bMi wbg©vY

I iÿYv‡eÿY Ges `y‡h©vM cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq mÿgZv AR©b Kiv hvq|

Drcv`b c×wZ (†hgb, PµvKvi A_©bxwZ) AwaKZi †UKmBfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z mvgMÖxi

†fv³v-†evaMg¨Zv Ges AcPq cÖwZ‡iv‡a wkÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cv_©K¨ m„wó Ki‡Z

cv‡i|

we‡klZ ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve, Zvi AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejv I mgvav‡b

wkÿv mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ e¨vcK m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Rjxq cwi‡ek wel‡q m‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z Ges Zvi my`ÿ I †UKmB eënv‡i

mw¤§wjZ Kg©gyLx cÖqv‡m wkÿv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

†UKmB RxebhvÎvq, we‡klZ SzuwKc~Y© cwi‡ek, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨

msiÿ‡Y wkÿv I cÖwkÿY ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

AskMÖnYg~jK, AšÍf©yw³g~jK I b¨vh¨ mgvR wewbg©v‡Y Ges mvgvwRK myw¯’iZvq

mvgvwRK wkÿv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

Rxebe¨vcx wkLb †UKmB Dbœqb bxwZgvjv eyS‡Z I cÖYqb Ki‡Z Ges

ev¯Íevq‡b gvby‡li mÿgZv m„wó K‡i|

Òhw` we`¨vj‡qi

Askx`vwi‡Z¡i nvi

bvUKxqfv‡e bv ev‡o, hw`

wkLb‡K Rxebe¨vcx

Abykxjb wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv

bv nq Ges wkÿveë¯’v hw`

†UKmB Dbœqb‡K (c~Y©Z)

aviY Ki‡Z bv cv‡i wkÿv

c„w_ex‡K GwM‡q †bevi Rb¨

Zvi mKj kw³‡K wb‡qvwRZ

Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Ó

f~wgKv

2015-Gi †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m AbywôZ RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡ì 70Zg Awa‡ek‡b m`m¨ ivóªmg~n GKwU bZzb êwk¦K Dbœqb G‡RÛv

Aby‡gv`b K‡i, Avgv‡ì c„w_exi iƒcvšÍi: †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ 2030 G‡RÛv| Gi g‡a¨ 17wU †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨ AšÍf©y³ Av‡Q, hvi

g‡a¨ wkÿv wel‡q GmwWwR 4 Ab¨Zg| GmwWwR 2030 bvMv` Dbœqb AMÖvwaKvimg~n wPwýZ K‡i‡Q Ges GwU mnmªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv Ges

mevi Rb¨ wkÿv j‡ÿï DËim~wi| IB `yÕwU Kg©m~wP 2015 mv‡j †kl n‡q †M‡Q|

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b (GEM : wRBGg) c~‡e©i EFA (mevi Rb¨ wkÿv) êwk¦K cwiexÿY

cÖwZ‡e`b wmwi‡Ri AwfÁZvi Ici wfwË K‡i cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| Gi bZzb wb‡`©kbv nj 2030 G‡RÛvi

g‡a¨ wkÿvi AMÖMwZ AšÍfy©w³KiY| bZzb wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b 2016 nj bZzb 15 eQ‡ii wmwi‡Ri

cÖ_gwU| GUv †hgb wkÿvi m‡½ †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi ms‡hvM cixÿv Ki‡e, †Zgwb GmwWwR

4-Gi cwiexÿ‡Yi wel‡qi cÖwZ bRi †`‡e| G‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, hw` we`¨vj‡qi Askx`vwi‡Z¡i nvi

bvUKxqfv‡e bv ev‡o, hw` wkLb‡K Rxebe¨vcx Abykxjb wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv bv nq Ges wkÿveë¯’v hw`

†UKmB Dbœqb‡K (c~Y©Z) aviY Ki‡Z bv cv‡i wkÿv c„w_ex‡K GwM‡q †bevi Rb¨ Zvi mKj kw³‡K

wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

GB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi †K›`ªxq welq msµvšÍ As‡k mvÿ¨ cÖgvY, bxwZgvjv I ev¯Íevqb cÖf„wZi Ici †Rvi †`qv

n‡q‡Q, †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †UKmB Dbœq‡bi mvgwMÖK G‡RÛvq wkÿv wKfv‡e AbyNU‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z

cv‡i| wkÿvi wewfbœ aib wb‡q GUvi g‡a¨ †Rvi`vi hyw³ cÖ`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q, †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q `vwi`ª¨

we‡gvPb, ÿzav wbeviY, DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨, bvix-cyiæl mgZv I ÿgZvqb, †UKmB K…wl, myk³ bMi Ges

AwaKZi mgZvm~PK, AšÍfy©w³g~jK I b¨vh¨ mgvR cÖwZôvi jÿ¨mg~n AR©‡b wkÿvi wewfbœ cÖKiY

mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i|

cwiexÿY As‡k GmwWwR 4-Gi AR©‡bi AMÖMwZ cwiexÿ‡Yi bvbvwea P¨v‡j‡Äi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, bxwZ cwieZ©‡bi my¯úó mycvwik Gi

AšÍfy©³| wkÿvi mvZwU Awfjÿ¨ Ges GmwWwR 4 ev¯Íevq‡bi wZbwU cš’v ci¤úivµ‡g Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ GmwWwR j‡ÿ¨ †Kvb& ch©šÍ

wkÿv wel‡q cwiexÿY Kiv hvq, Zv we‡ePbvi Rb¨ wkÿvq A_©vqb I wkÿveë¯’vi we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvMvgx 15 eQ‡i RvZxq, AvÂwjK I

AvšÍR©vwZK ¯Í‡i wkÿv cwiexÿY G‡RÛvi Av‡iv Kvh©Ki I `ÿ iƒcvq‡Y evavmg~n I mÿgZvi m¤¢ve¨ mgš^q wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

9


bvBRv‡ii `vb mv ¯‹z‡j wkïiv

†jLvi Rb¨ eø¨vK‡ev‡W©i Ici Suy‡K c‡o‡Q

10


GB wek¦

hLb GB wek¦ ev MÖ‡ni K_v DV‡e ZLb QweUv‡K eo K‡i

†`L‡Z n‡e| wkÿv Avewk¨Kfv‡e gvbyl‡K e¨w³ ch©v‡q bq,

mgwóMZfv‡e fve‡Z †kLv‡e †h Avgv‡ì mw¤§wjZfv‡e KvR

Ki‡Z n‡e|

ZvB wkÿveë¯’vq mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z †UKmB bq Ggb

RxebhvÎv †hb cÖkªq bv cvq| hw` Avgiv ïay wb‡R‡ì

†ckvMZ DbœwZ I Avq e„w×i K_v fvwe, Zvn‡j cwi‡e‡ki

Ici Zvi †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i|

G‡mv Avgiv cwicv‡k¦©i w`‡K ZvKvB Gme mgm¨v wb‡q

AvgivB †h cÖ_g fvewQ Zv bq| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Avgiv

Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôx‡ì †_‡K wkL‡Z cvwi| wbR¯^ f~L‡Ði

m‡½ emevm Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Avjv`v cš’v Av‡Q|

wKš‘ ¯‹zj ch©v‡qB wkÿv †kl n‡q hvq bv| Rb‡Mvôx I wewfbœ

ms¯’v evi evi wb‡R‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡e, GB MÖn‡K iÿv Kivi

Rb¨ Kx Kx bZzb c_ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq

Avgv‡ì bZzb cwi‡ekevÜe `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges

`vwqZ¡kxj AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z Avgiv Rjevqy cwieZ©b

eÜ Ki‡Z cvwi

cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nevi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì ¯‹zj¸‡jv

bvbvgyLx KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ges ïay wkÿv_x© bq,

wkÿK‡ìI Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e|

CO2I‡Rvb

KZ wWMÖx

†mjwmqvm?

Avwg Avwg Avwg

Ab¨‡ì ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ

kª×v cÖ`k©b K‡iv!

msL¨vjNy‡ì fvlvI

g‡bv‡hvM `vwe K‡i|

wbðqB Avgiv GUv

Av‡iv fvjfv‡e Ki‡Z cvwi

†Zvgvi gZ wK?

11


wkÿv I †UKmB Dbœqb:

Zv‡ì †hvMUv †Kv_vq Ges

GB †hvM¸‡jv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

Ò78wU RvZxq ¯‹zj

wkÿvµg we‡kølY K‡i †`Lv

†M‡Q, 55% †ÿ‡Î

ÔcÖwZ‡ek we`¨vÕ eëüZ

n‡q‡Q Ges 47% †ÿ‡Î

ejv n‡q‡Q Ôcwi‡ek

wkÿvÕ|

Ó

MÖn: cwi‡ekMZ †UKmwnZv

gvby‡li e¨w³MZ I mgwóMZ Kvh©vewj GB MÖn Ges †hme Rxe Gi g‡a¨ †eu‡P _v‡K, Zv‡ì Ici mxgvnxb Pvc m„wó K‡i|

†h‡nZz my¯úófv‡eB gvbyl cwi‡e‡ki ÿq, Rxe‰ewP‡Îï webvk Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ `vqx, ZvB Gme P¨v‡jÄ

†gvKv‡ejvq wewfbœ mgvavb Zv‡ìB Ki‡Z n‡e|

cwi‡ekMZfv‡e †UKmB mgv‡R iƒcvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î miKvwi, mykxj mgvR Ges †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi wewfbœ D‡`¨v‡Mi m‡½ wkÿvI

eo f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv g~j¨‡eva I cwi‡cÖwÿZ M‡o †Zv‡j| †UKmB bq Ggb eë¯’v †iva ev mxwgZ Ki‡Z †hme

`ÿZv, aviYv I DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb, wkÿv †_‡K Zv cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

†UKmwnZvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿvi eûgyLx f~wgKv me©`vB BwZevPK bq| †UKmB bq Ggb AvPiYI †kLv‡Z cv‡i wkÿv, †hgb,

m¤ú‡ì AwZwi³ †fvM| wkÿv A‡cÿvK…Z †UKmB †jvKR Ávb I Rxeb cÖYvjxi Aeÿq‡K evwo‡q Zzj‡Z cv‡i| wkÿvi

m`_©K cÖfve wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GUv‡K h_v_©fv‡e MVb Ges iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e|

gvby‡li AvPiY cwi‡ekMZ msKU m„wó K‡i‡Q

gvby‡li AvPiY †hfv‡e cwi‡e‡ki Aeÿq NUvq, Zvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †eva¨ mvaviY wZbwU nj, RbwgwZ, AvaywbK RxebhvÎv

cÖYvjx Ges e¨w³MZ AvPiY| RbwgwZi e¨vL¨v †`qv hvq Gfv‡e †h, c„w_ex‡Z AZ¨waK msL¨K gvbyl evm K‡i; 1950 †_‡K

2015-Gi g‡a¨ c„w_exi RbmsL¨v †e‡o‡Q wZb ¸Y Ges 2030 mvj bvMv` Zv Av‡iv GK wewjqb †_‡K 8.5 wewjqb e„w×

†c‡Z cv‡i| AvaywbK RxebhvÎv cÖYvjx‡Z abx †`k¸wj‡Z Ges bMivÂ‡j RbcÖwZ †fv‡Mi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q‡Q| †hme †`‡k

RxebhvÎv cÖYvjx `ªæZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b weMZ `yB `k‡K cwi‡ekMZ Aeÿq †e‡o‡Q wØ¸Y| 2012 mv‡j AwaKvsk D”P

Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z A-†UKmB cwi‡ekMZ ÿq †`Lv †M‡Q| e¨w³MZ AvPi‡Yi w`K †_‡K e¨w³ cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vi Drm n‡Z

cv‡i, Avevi Zviv mgvav‡bi m~ÎI n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯îƒc, e‡R©ï cybe¨©envi, mvB‡Kj Pvjbv I R¡vjvbx mvkªqx Mvwoi K_v

ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

Gme P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvq wkÿv AZxe cÖ‡qvRbxq

cwi‡ekMZ P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvq wkÿv cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| we‡klZ bvix I wK‡kvix‡ì wkÿv RbmsL¨v e„w×

n«v‡mi me‡P‡q Kvh©Ki cš’v n‡Z cv‡i| mšÍvb MÖn‡Yi wm×všÍ I Mf©avi‡Yi mgq wba©vi‡Y wkÿv bvixi GKK ÿgZv e„w× K‡i|

wkÿv Avqe„w×i gva¨‡g RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| A_©bxwZi iƒcvšÍi Ges

Lv`ëë¯’vi Rb¨ `ÿ †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb| mgmvgwqK, HwZn¨MZ Ges Rxebe¨vcx cš’vi

gva¨‡g wkÿv e¨w³MZ Ges mgwóMZ cvwi‡ewkK AvPiY cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

mgmvgwqK c×wZ: ¯‹zjwkÿvi gva¨‡g wkLb

¯‹zj †Kvb †Kvb we‡kl cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v, Zvi djvdj Ges Zvi mgvav‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq

Kg©cš’v wkL‡Z wkÿv_©x‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i| 78wU RvZxq ¯‹zj wkÿvµg we‡kølY K‡i †`Lv

†M‡Q, 55% †ÿ‡Î ÔcÖwZ‡ek we`¨vÕ eëüZ n‡q‡Q Ges 47% †ÿ‡Î ejv n‡q‡Q Ôcwi‡ek

wkÿvÕ|

12


D`vniY¯îƒc, fvi‡Z m‡e©v”P Av`vj‡Zi wb‡`©‡ki cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 2003 mvj †_‡K miKvwi ms¯’vmg~n e¨vcKfv‡e cwi‡ek wkÿv

wel‡q cvVë¯‘ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i‡Q| Gi d‡j 13 jÿ ¯‹z‡j wZb †KvwU wkÿv_x© cwi‡ek wkÿvq wKQyUv cÖwkÿY cv‡”Q|

†UKmB RxebcÖYvjx, eR©¨ n&ªvm, DbœZ R¡vjvwbi eënvi, MYcwien‡bi AwaKZi eënvi, cwi‡ek myiÿvcÖeY bxwZi cÖwZ mg_©b

Ges cwi‡e‡ki mc‡ÿ Av‡›`vj‡b cwi‡ek wkÿv wkÿv_x©‡K DØy× K‡i| 2006 mv‡j GKwU wkÿv_x© g~j¨vq‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK

Kg©m~wP AbywôZ nq| †mLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki mg¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì Zzjbvq G‡¯Ívwbqv I myB‡W‡bi wkÿv_©xiv cwi‡ek weÁvb

wel‡q cÖ‡kœi †ewk mwVK DËi w`‡Z †c‡iwQj, KviY IB `yB †`‡k †UKmB Dbœqb wkÿvµ‡gi AšÍfy©³ welq| wKQy ¯‹zj

cwi‡ek wkÿvq ÔmgMÖ ¯‹zjÕ c×wZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Bsj¨v‡Ð (hy³ivR¨) cwiPvwjZ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, G ai‡bi ¯‹z‡ji

g~j¨‡eva, wkÿv_©x‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ I †jLvcov Ges ¯‹z‡ji cvwi‡ewkK ÿq n&ªv‡m BwZevPK cÖfve c‡o‡Q|

HwZwn¨K aviv: Rb‡Mvôxi gva¨‡g wkÿv

HwZwn¨K, we‡klZ †jvKR Ávb eû kZvãx a‡i K…wl, Lv`¨ Drcv`b Ges msiÿ‡Y cwi‡ekMZ †UKmwnZvi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôxi HwZn¨MZ f~wg eë¯’vcbvi AmsL¨ D`vniY GLb Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY Ges

cÖwZ‡ekeë¯’v cÖwµqvi DrK…ó aviv wn‡m‡e wek¦e¨vcx ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q| Kjw¤^qvq, Av‡gwiKvi †`kmg~‡ni Rb¨ †UKmB

evmf~wg cl©` bien vivir (DbœZ emevm)-Gi aviYv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q| Zviv Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôxi Ae`vb‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡”Q|

D`vniY¯îƒc, bvMwiK cwi‡ekevÜe cÖKí, HwZwn¨K †UKmB MÖvg I †UKmB wkÿv‡K‡›`ªi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ 1:

cwi‡ekMZ ÿ‡qi gvïj w`‡q gvbe Dbœq‡bi D”P avc AwR©Z n‡”Q

gvbe Dbœqb m~P‡Ki wfwË‡Z †`‡ki wnmv‡e mvgwMÖK cwi‡ekMZ ÿq, 2012

eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v Ges cÖvße¨ Drcv`bkxj

f~wg Ges mgy`ª AÂ‡ji (Rxemvg_©¨) wfwË‡Z

RbcÖwZ 1.7 êwk¦K †n±‡ii mgvb

cwi‡ekMZ ÿq †UKmB n‡Z cv‡i; †Kvb

†`‡ki G ch©šÍ m¤ú‡ì ÿq aiYx c~iY

Ki‡Z cv‡i|

gvbe Dbœqb m~PK (RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~wP)

†Kvb †`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨, Ávb Ges Rxebgv‡bi

cwigvc K‡i _v‡K| hw` gvbe Dbœqb ¯Íi

0.8 ev Zvi †ewk nq, ZLb Zv‡K Lye D”P

gvbe Dbœqb e‡j aiv nq|

wm½vcy‡ii AwZ D”P gvbe Dbœqb m~PK

(0.91) RbcÖwZ eo iK‡gi (7.97)

cvwi‡ewkK ÿwZi m‡½ RwoZ| Gi A_©,

wm½vcy‡i gvbyl DbœZ Rxeb hvcb Ki‡jI,

Zv‡ì m¤ú‡ì Pvwn`vI A‡bK †ewk|

K‡Kkvm I ga¨ Gwkqv

c~e© I `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqv

BD‡ivc I DËi Av‡gwiKv

jvwZb Av‡gwiKv I K¨vwiweqvb

DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg Gwkqv

cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMixq

`wÿY Gwkqv

mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kv

m~Î: wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji †Møvevj dzUwcÖ›U †bUIqv‡K©i (2016) Dcv‡Ëi wfwË‡Z we‡kølY

c„w_exi RbcÖwZ Rxemvg_©¨ 2011

cÖwZ

‡ekMZ

ÿ

qÿ

wZ

(R

bcÖwZ

)

†UKmB cvwi‡ewkK ÿwZ

A‡÷ªwjqv

wm½vcyi

BwiwÎqv wZgyi †jm‡U

†Kvwiqv cÖRvZš¿

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

c„w_exi RbcÖwZ Rxemvg_©¨ 1961

A‡UKmB cvwi‡ewkK ÿwZ

D”P gvbe Dbœqb m~PK AwZD”P gvbe

Dbœqb m~PK

gvbe Dbœqb m~PK

13


Òhw` wkÿv Kvh©µg

e¨vnZ nq, Zvn‡j fwel¨‡Z

`y‡h©vMRwbZ g„Zz¨ nvi cÖwZ

`k‡K 20% fvM e„w× †c‡Z

cv‡i|

Ó

cÖwZ‡ekeë¯’v Kvh©µg, `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq mZK©Zv Rvwi, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ Lvc LvIqv‡bv Ges †gvKv‡ejvi

kw³ AR©‡b ¯’vbxq I †`kR Ávb eûKvj †_‡K Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| †`kR Ávb †_‡K ¯‹z‡ji wkÿv MÖn‡Yi GKwU `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e

hy³iv‡óªi Avjv¯‹v cÖYvjxi mymse× D‡`¨v‡Mi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hLv‡b Avwèvmx e‡qv‡R¨ô‡ì m‡½ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i

wkÿv_©xiv wkÿv jvf K‡i| ¯’vbxq fvlvq wkÿv `v‡bi gva¨‡g eû cÖRb¥ a‡i Áv‡bi Av`vb-cÖ`vb N‡U _v‡K|

Rxebe¨vcx wkL‡bi cš’v: KvR I wbZ¨w`‡bi AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g wkLb

AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi evB‡i miKvwi ms¯’vmg~n, ag©xq msMVb, Rb‡Mvôxi wewfbœ AjvfRbK mwgwZ, kªwgK msN Ges †emiKvwi

ms¯’v e¨w³ I mvgwóK AvPi‡Y cwieZ©b Avb‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M M„nxZ cÖPvivwfhvb †Kvb cwi‡ekMZ

mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i, Zvi KviY Ges mgvav‡b wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z cv‡i| 2015 mv‡j Bw_Iwcqvb miKvi

wewfbœ mn‡hvMx‡ì wb‡q †mŠi Av‡jv mvgMÖx wel‡q `yB eQi e¨vcx Rbm‡PZbZv Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡iwQj|

ag©xq, mvs¯‹…wZK I mvgvwRK †bZ…e„›` cwi‡ek wel‡q g~j¨‡eva I h‡_vwPZ AvPiY cÖPv‡i mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| D`vniY¯îƒc,

†cvc d«vwÝm, `jvB jvgv I Rjevqy cwieZ©b Kvh©µ‡g gymwjg ms‡Ni cÖPvivwfhv‡bi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

cwi‡ekMZ wkÿvi Rb¨ Kg©‡ÿÎ GKwU DËg ¯’vb| cÖwZ‡ekMZ ÿq n«vm Ges cwi‡ek msiÿ‡Y Kg©x I mvaviY gvbyl‡K

m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖwZôvb D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i‡Q| 2008 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ B‡Kv‡bvwg÷ Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ BDwbU-Gi

GKwU Rwi‡c ejv n‡q‡Q, wek¦e¨cx 40%-GiI †ewk Kg©KZ©v g‡b K‡ib, †UKmwnZvi m‡½ Zv‡ì eëmvi mgš^q _vKv

DwPZ| kªwgK msN¸‡jvI Kg©‡ÿ‡Î AwaKZi †UKmB AvPi‡Yi mc‡ÿ KvR Ki‡Q|

†emiKvwi ms¯’vmg~n (NGOs) Z_¨cÖPv‡i MYAwfhvb, mn‡hvwMZv D‡`¨vM, meyR †RvU cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g msiÿ‡Yi c‡ÿ

Rbmg_©b M‡o Zzj‡Z g~jëvb f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| AvfvR bv‡g GKwU I‡qe-wfwËK cÖPviYv †Mvôx Av‡Q| 194 †`‡k Zv‡ì

44 wgwjqb m`m¨ Av‡Q| GB †Mvôx †gŠgvwQ wba‡b evjvBbvkK eënvi cÖwZ‡iv‡a 2 eQi a‡i cÖPvivwfhvb Pvwj‡q‡Q| G

ai‡bi D‡`¨vM cwi‡ek wel‡q m‡PZbZv e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejvq cÖ‡qvRb wkL‡bi mymsnZ c×wZ

wkÿv Rjevqy m¤úwK©Z SuywK †gvKv‡ejvi kw³ evwo‡q †`q| GQvov SuywK cÖkg‡b wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡gi mg_©b Ges †m¸wj‡Z mshy³

n‡ZI wkÿv gvbyl‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve Kgv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î AeKvVv‡gvMZ wewb‡qvM, h_v-mgy`ªcÖvPxi M‡o

†Zvjv ev †mPeë¯’vi †P‡q wkÿvq AwfMg¨Zv e„w× A‡bK †ewk Kvh©Ki| bvix wkÿv `y‡h©vMRwbZ g„Zz¨ n&ªvm Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Awf‡ÿcY †_‡K †evSv hvq, hw` wkÿv Kvh©µg e¨vnZ nq, Zvn‡j fwel¨‡Z `y‡h©vMRwbZ

g„Zz¨ nvi cÖwZ `k‡K 20% fvM e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| †hme †`‡k wkÿvi AR©b wbPz gv‡bi

Ges Amg, mvaviYfv‡e †mme †`‡ki RbMYB Rjevqy-m¤úwK©Z SzuwKi g‡a¨ †ewk _v‡K|

wkÿv Rjevqy SzuwK †gvKvwejvi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z Ges Zvi m‡½ Lvc LvIqv‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z

cv‡i| wKDev, WwgwbKvb cÖRvZš¿ Ges nvBwZ-i Ici Pvjv‡bv mgxÿvq †`Lv †M‡Q, wkÿvi

Afve Ges mvÿiZvi wb¤œ nv‡ii Rb¨ RbmvaviY `y‡h©vM wel‡q mZK©Zv ms‡KZ eyS‡Z

cv‡iwb| wdwjcvB‡b ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx, wkÿv Kg©KZ©v Ges Ab¨vb¨ mn‡hvMx‡ì mgš^‡q

ZiæY‡ì Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b Awf‡hvRb wel‡q wkÿv `vb K‡i‡Q, d‡j Rb‡Mvôxi

cÖwZ‡ivag~jK kw³ M‡o D‡V‡Q|

14


êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY (GEM : wRBGg) 2016 hyMcr ¸iæM¤¢xi I D‡ØMRbK| GUv GKUv `xN©, mvgwMÖK, Mfxi `„wóm¤úbœ I

m~²`k©x cÖwZ‡e`b| GUv GKUv wkniY RvMv‡bv cÖwZ‡e`b| wkÿv †h †UKmB Dbœqb Ges †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi cÖvY, GB

cÖwZ‡e`b †mK_v‡K cÖwZôv K‡i| GKB m‡½ GUv my¯úófv‡e eywS‡q †`q †h, †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv (SDG : GmwWwR)

AR©b †_‡K Avgiv KZUv `~‡i| cÖwZ‡e`bwU wek¦e¨vcx msKU ms‡KZ evwR‡q Gm-wW-wR-i 4 msL¨K jÿ¨ AR©‡b [h_vh_]

Kg©cš’v‡K HwZnvwmKfv‡e †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z Avnevb Rvbvq|

wkÿv †h †UKmB Dbœq‡bi cÖwZwU gvÎvq me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †hvMvb w`‡Z cv‡i GB cÖwZ‡e`b nj Zvi cÖvgvwYK weeiYx|

DbœZZi wkÿvB wbwðZ K‡i AwaKZi mg„w×, DbœZ K…wl, DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, mwnsmZv n«vm, AwaKZi bvix-cyiæl mgZv, D”PZi

mvgvwRK cuywR Ges mgybœZ cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek| Avgv‡ì me©Rbxb fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ †UKmB Dbœqb †Kb GKwU cÖavb aviYv, Zv

wek¦e¨vcx mevB‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ g~j PvweKvwV nj wkÿv| GmwWwR fvebv I IB jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡b wkÿvB Avgv‡ì cÖavb

nvwZqvi hv A_©bxwZ, mvgvwRK I cÖhyw³MZ GgbwK b¨vqwfwËK aviYvi †hvMvb †`q| Gme K_vB mwe¯Ív‡i, wbcyYfv‡e Ges

AmvaviYfv‡e GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q| [mswkøó] †Uwej, MÖvd Ges weeiYx †_‡K eû Z_¨m¤ú` AvniY Kiv hv‡e|

eZ©gvb c„w_ex †hme ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡f`‡iLvi Ici ùvwo‡q i‡q‡Q Ges 2030 mv‡j Zvi MšÍe¨ †Kv_vq, Zvi Ici †Rvi †`qv

n‡q‡Q GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b| wkÿvR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î abx-`wi‡`ªi `~iZ¡ i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ †`k Ges †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i fqven `~iZ¡ i‡q‡Q|

AwaKvsk `wi`ª †`‡k eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq `wi`ª wkïiv AbwZµg¨ evavi m¤§yLxb nq| Zv‡ì evwo‡Z covi eB †bB; cÖvK-cÖv_wgK

wkÿvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB; we`y¨r, cvwb, ¯^v¯’¨, `ÿ wkÿK, cvV¨ eB Ges †gŠwjK wkÿvi Ab¨vb¨ Avbylw½K DcKiY †bB,

gvbm¤§Z wkÿvcÖvwß †Zv c‡ii K_v| Gm‡ei cÖfve †Zv we¯§qKi| †hLv‡b GmwWwRi 4 msL¨K j‡ÿ¨ ejv n‡”Q, 2030 mv‡ji

g‡a¨ me©Rbxbfv‡e D”Pgva¨wgK wkÿv mgvcb Kiv n‡e, †mLv‡b ¯^í Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z eZ©gvb mgvc‡bi nvi n‡”Q gvÎ 14%

(c~Y©v½ cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Rb¨ 10.3 †Uwej `ªóe¨)|

eZ©gvb aviv eRvq _vK‡j KZ msL¨K †`k 2030-Gi jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b Ki‡e A_ev AvÂwjKfv‡e `ªæZZg cÖe„w×i †`‡ki

c_‡iLvi m‡½ gvbvbmB K‡i Zzj‡Z wK wK KiYxq, †m wel‡q GB wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKUv mshgx

DËi †`qv n‡q‡Q: Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb nj Af~Zc~e© MwZkxjZv, hv Awej‡¤^ ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z 4 msL¨K GmwWwR-i

mdjZvi Rb¨ GKUv D‡`¨vM †bqv hvq|

wb›`yKiv ej‡ZB cv‡ib, ÔAvgiv e‡jwQjvg 4-msL¨K GmwWwR †Kvbfv‡eB AR©b‡hvM¨ bqÕ Ges Zviv ej‡ZB cv‡ib †h Avgiv

†hb Ôev¯ÍeZv‡KÕ †g‡b wbB| wKš‘ AMwYZ Dcv‡q GB cÖwZ‡e`b †Rv‡ii m‡½ cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Q †h, Ggb AvZ¥cÖmv` AmshZ Ges

A‰bwZK| eZ©gv‡bi bZzb cÖRb¥‡K hw` Avgiv we`¨vj‡q h‡_vwPZ wkÿv w`‡Z bv cvwi, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì Avgiv aŸs‡mi w`‡K

†V‡j †è Ges AbvMZ K‡qK `k‡Ki Rb¨ fwel¨r c„w_ex `vwi`ª¨, cwi‡ekMZ `y`©kv GgbwK mvgvwRK mwnsmZv I Aw¯’iZvq

cwZZ n‡e| AvZ¥cÖmv‡ì †Kvb ARynvZ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi evZ©v nj-Af~Zc~e© cš’vq wkÿvi AR©b Z¡ivwš^Z

Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì mw¤§wjZfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e|

Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi GKUv c_ nj A‡_©i †hvMvb| G‡ÿ‡ÎI GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b msh‡gi Avfvm Av‡Q| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b (wPÎ 20.7) ejv

n‡q‡Q 2009 mv‡ji Zzjbvq GLb wkÿvi Rb¨ Dbœqb mnvqZv A‡bK Kg| abx †`k¸wji `„wófw½‡Z G‡ÿ‡Î wech©qKi NvUwZ

i‡q‡Q| `vZv †`k¸‡jv wK mwZ¨ wek¦vm K‡i †h c„w_exi ¯^í Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z wkÿv Dbœq‡b n«¯^ wewb‡qvM K‡i Zviv ÔA_©

mÂqÕ Ki‡Q? D”P Av‡qi †`k¸‡jvi †bZ…e„›` I bvMwiKe„›` GB cÖwZ‡e`b cv‡Vi ci Mfxifv‡e m‡PZb n‡q DV‡eb, eyS‡eb

êwk¦K Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wkÿvq wewb‡qvM GKwU †gŠwjK kZ©| GK_vI eyS‡eb †h, eZ©gvb mnvqZv hv cÖv_wgK wkÿvq eQ‡i 5

wewjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡ii gZ, †mUv Avm‡j abx †`k¸wji RbcÖwZ eQ‡i 5 Wjvi! c„w_exi fwel¨r †UKmB Dbœqb I kvwšÍi Rb¨

GB wewb‡qvM LyeB `ytLRbK|

2016 wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b eûmsL¨K AšÍ`©„wó, mycvwik Ges GwM‡q hvevi wbkvbv i‡q‡Q| wKfv‡e 4-msL¨K GmwWwR-i cwigvc

I cwiexÿY Kiv hv‡e, †m e¨vcv‡i AZ¨šÍ g~jëvb civgk© i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b fwZ© I mgvc‡bi gZ ¯’~j m~PK eënvi K‡i

wkÿvq †hvMvb, gvb I AR©b cwigvc Kiv nq, GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b D`vniY‡hv‡M †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Av‡iv m~²Zifv‡e Ab¨Zi cš’vq

cwigvc Kiv m¤¢e| AwaKZi DcvË, DbœZZi Rwi‡ci DcKiY, cwiexÿ‡Yi myweav Ges Z_¨cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g Avgiv me©¯Í‡i

wkÿv cÖwµqvI Gi djvdj m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wbLyuZ c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cvwi|

Avgv‡ì c„w_ex cwi‡ekZfv‡e, mvgvwRKfv‡e Ges

A_©‰bwZKfv‡e `ªæZ cv‡ë hv‡”Q|

Gi A_© nj bZzb `ÿZv wkL‡Z n‡e Ges Rxebe¨vcx GB

wkLb Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e|

wkÿvi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB

gvbyl ej‡Z me gvbyl‡KB †evSvq| AwaKZi wkwÿZ gvbyl

fv‡jv gvB‡b cvq Ges Gfv‡e Zv‡ì `vwi`ª¨`kv Ny‡P hvq|

Avgiv ïay wKbwQ, wKbwQ Avi wKbwQ, †KvbiK‡gi wPšÍv

Qvov Drcv`b KiwQ| GUv n‡Z cv‡i bv| we‡k¦i cÖe„w×

Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mK‡ji AšÍf©yw³ _vK‡e| Avgiv †hb

fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i K_v †f‡e c„w_ex‡K aŸsm bv K‡i †dwj|

D`vniY¯îƒc, K…lKiv wkL‡e wK K‡i Av‡iv †ewk

Drcv`b Kiv hvq Ges †mB Drcv`b-e„w× †hb cwi‡e‡ki

ÿwZ bv K‡i|

Z‡e wkÿviI weeZ©b cÖ‡qvRb| GLb Kw¤úDUvi †Zv KZ

KvRB bv Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wkÿv_©x‡ì DbœZZi `ÿZv

AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e, †hme `ÿZv Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi cwieZ©‡bi

m‡½ cÖvmw½K|

mg„w×

15


ÒmvÿiZv Ges K…wl

m¤cÖmviY Kg©m~wP 12%

ch©šÍ K…wli Drcv`bkxjZv

evovq|

Ó

2030 G‡RÛvi mvd‡jï Rb¨ wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡K cwi‡ekMZfv‡e †UKmB Ges AšÍf©yw³g~jK n‡Z n‡e| GB iƒcvšÍ‡i wkÿvi

f~wgKvB cÖavb|

wkÿv Ges Rxebe¨vcx wkLb n‡e Ggb hv Drcv`b I †fvM‡K †UKmB K‡i Zzj‡e, meyR wkí m„R‡bi Rb¨ `ÿZvi †hvMvb

†`‡e Ges D”P wkÿv I M‡elYv‡K meyR D™¢vebx kw³i w`‡K PvwjZ Ki‡e| GQvov cÖavb A_©‰bwZK Lv‡Zi iƒcvšÍ‡i wkÿv I

Rxebe¨vcx wkLb‡K cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q K…wl| abx I Mwie †`kmg~n Ges cwievimg~n K…wli Dci

wbf©ikxj|

A_©bxwZ †hgb †UKmB n‡q DV‡e, †Zgwb Zv‡K n‡q DV‡Z n‡e AwaKZi AšÍf©yw³g~jK, †hLv‡b AmgZv n&ªvm cv‡e| gvbm¤§Z

wkÿv GB jÿ¨c~i‡Y Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i| gvbeKj¨v‡Yi cÖwZ cÖvavb¨cÖ`vqx AšÍf©yw³g~jK A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i Rb¨ DbœZZi

wkÿvq wkwÿZ kªgkw³ cÖ‡qvRb| fvj KvR Ges h‡_ó DcvR©‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i wkÿv `vwi`ª¨ n&ªvm K‡i Ges †RÛvi, Av_©-

mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb Ges Ab¨vb¨ êl‡gï d‡j †h gRywii AmgZv ˆZwi nq, Zv `~i Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

wk‡íi meyRvqb `ÿZvi Pvwn`v e„w× Ki‡e

†UKmB Dbœqb Ges meyR cÖe„w×i A_© nj meyR wk‡íi m„Rb Ges we`¨gvb wkí‡K ÔmeyRÕ K‡i †Zvjv| B‡Zvg‡a¨B meyR wk‡í

wekvj msL¨K kªwg‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb n‡q‡Q Ges Avkv Kiv hvq, wbPz Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z Ggb wkí Zvrch©enfv‡e e„w× cv‡e|

`„óvšÍ¯îƒc ejv hvq, 2015 †_‡K 2040 mv‡ji g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e Pxb, fviZ, jvwZb Av‡gwiKv Ges Avwd«Kvq cÖe„w×i m‡½

m‡½ †gvU êwk¦K we`y¨r Drcv`b e„w×i cÖvq A‡a©KUv Avm‡e bevqb‡hvM¨ Drm †_‡K|

meyR wk‡íi m„Rb wbf©i K‡i mywbw`©ó D”P wkÿv I cÖwkÿYcÖvß DuPz gv‡bi `ÿZvm¤úbœ kªwgK‡ì Ici; we`¨gvb wk‡íi

meyRvq‡b cÖ‡qvRb PvKzwiKvjxb wb¤œ I ga¨g `ÿZvm¤úbœ kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ Ae¨vnZ wkÿv I cÖwkÿY| A_©bxwZmg~n hLb `ªæZ

cwieZ©bkxj, ZLb bxwZwba©vwiK I wkÿKe„›` wkÿYxq `ÿZv wbe©vP‡b P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡LvgywL n‡q c‡ob|

†UKmwnZv Ges meyR cÖe„w×i Rb¨ M‡elYv I Dbœqb wewb‡qv‡M eo iK‡gi e„w× cÖ‡qvRb| e¨vcK wel‡q we‡klÁ Ávb I

`ÿZvm¤úbœ h‡_ó msL¨K e¨w³i †hvMvb w`‡Z cÖ‡qvRb êwPÎ¨c~Y© I mywbw`©ó wkÿvµg| Av‡iv ìKvi wewfbœ wel‡q mgš^‡qi

wkÿv Kg©m~wP| AvšÍR©vwZK R¡vjvwb G‡RwÝi g‡Z, `ªæZ wb¤œ Kve©b wbtmi‡Y iƒcvšÍi Kivi Rb¨ miKvimg~n‡K R¡vjvwb M‡elYv

Ges Dbœq‡b eQ‡i cuvP ¸Y wewb‡qvM evov‡Z n‡e|

K…wli iƒcvšÍ‡i wkÿv mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i

2015-2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ K…wl c„w_exe¨vcx Af~Zc~e© P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡LvgywL n‡e| A_©‰bwZK Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ K…wlB cwi‡ekMZ

Aeÿ‡qi Kvi‡Y mivmwi I me‡P‡q ÿwZMÖ¯Í LvZ| GK-Z…Zxqvsk MÖxY nvDm M¨vm wbtmi‡Yi Rb¨ K…wl LvZB `vqx| Avevi,

RbmsL¨v e„w×i Rb¨ Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi wekvj Ges †UKmB e„w× cÖ‡qvRb, Av‡iv cÖ‡qvRb Lv`¨

mieiv‡ni mylg eÈb|

†UKmB Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿv fwel¨‡Zi

K…lK‡ì eywbqv`x `ÿZvq wkwÿZ K‡i †Zv‡j; GQvovI GB ch©v‡qi wkÿv †_‡K K…wl Lv‡Z

†UKmwnZvi P¨v‡jÄ wel‡q Zxÿè Ávb AvniY Kiv hvq| †ckvMZ cÖwkÿY Ges `ÿZv

bxwZgvjv K…lK I bZzb cÖhyw³i g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ n&ªvm K‡i| mvÿiZv Ges K…wl m¤cÖmviY Kg©m~wP

12% ch©šÍ K…wli Drcv`bkxjZv evovq| D”PZi wkÿvq K…wl wel‡q M‡elYv Ggb D™¢vebx

`ÿZv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i hvi gva¨‡g ewa©Z †UKmwnZv AR©b Kiv hvq| Zv m‡Ë¡I eû †`k Ges `vZv ms¯’v Ggb M‡elYvq

wewb‡qvM eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q A_ev n&ªvm K‡i‡Q| D‡jøL¨, mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kvq miKvwi K…wl M‡elYvq êwk¦K wewb‡qvM 1960

mv‡ji 10% fvM †_‡K K‡g 2009 mv‡j Zv ùvwo‡q‡Q 6%|

wkÿv I Rxebe¨vcx wkLb `xN© †gqv`x A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×‡Z Ae`vb iv‡L

cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿvi ewa©Z ¯Íi `xN© †gqv`x A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| 1965 †_‡K 2010 mgqKv‡j c~e© Gwkqv

I mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kv AÂ‡j cÖe„w×i nv‡i †h êlg¨ wQj, Zvi A‡a©KUvB wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi cÖv_wgK ¯Íi Øviv e¨vL¨v

mg„w×: †UKmB I AšÍf©yw³g~jK A_©bxwZmg~n

16


Ò2020 mvj bvMv`

Pvwn`vi m‡½ mvhyR¨c~Y©

D”PZi wkÿvq wkwÿZ

Kg©xi msL¨v ùvov‡e 4

†KvwU‡Z|

Ó

Kiv hvq| fvj gvbm¤úbœ wkÿv Ges DuPz `ÿZvm¤úbœ kªwgK Drcv`kxjZvi e„w× Ges cÖhyw³MZ cwieZ©‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| c~e©

Gwkqvi A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i Ôwe¯§qÕ Ges jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi Ônviv‡bv `kK‡KÕ gvbm¤§Z wkÿveë¯’vi dvivK w`‡q e¨vL¨v Kiv

hvq| †`‡ki mg„w×i Rb¨ DËg gvbm¤§Z gva¨wgK I D”P wkÿvq wewb‡qvM AZ¨vek¨Kxq| mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kvi †ÿ‡Î GK_v

we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨, †hLv‡b 2014 mv‡j D”Pwkÿvq †gvU AwfMg¨Zv wQj gvÎ 8%|

wkÿv‡K hw` cÖe„w×i PvwjKvkw³ fvev nq, GUv‡K `ªæZ cwieZ©bkxj Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi MwZi m‡½ Zvj †gjv‡Z n‡e| cÖhyw³ ïay D”P

`ÿZvm¤úbœ Kg©xi Pvwn`v m„wó K‡iwb, ga¨g `ÿZvm¤úbœ Kv‡Ri RMZUv‡KI mxwgZ K‡i‡Q| †KivYx, weµq Kg©x Ges †gwkb-

PvjK‡ì KvR mn‡RB cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Kiv hvq| Gi cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i †KvwU gvby‡li Ici| 2015 mv‡j mgMÖ

Kg©‡ÿ‡Î `yB-Z…Zxqvs‡ki mvgvb¨ Kg cwigvY KvR ga¨g gv‡bi `ÿZvm¤úbœ Kg©x‡ì Øviv

m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q|

mvÿ¨cÖgvY †_‡K †evSv hvq, AwaKvsk wkÿv eë¯’v evRv‡ii Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z cvi‡Q bv|

2020 mvj bvMv` Pvwn`vi m‡½ mvhyR¨c~Y© D”PZi wkÿvq wkwÿZ Kg©xi msL¨v ùvov‡e 4

†KvwU‡Z Ges wb¤œ¯Í‡ii wkÿvcÖvß e¨w³i msL¨v n‡e mv‡o bq †KvwU|

mvaviY mvgwMÖK wkÿv †h ai‡Yi `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zv M‡o †Zv‡j Zvi AšÍf©y³ nj,

we‡kølYvZ¥K wPšÍv, mgm¨vi mgvavb, `jxq KvR I cÖKí, DËg mvÿiZv, †hvMv‡hvM I

Dc¯’vcbv †hvM¨Zv| kªgevRv‡i Gm‡ei Pvwn`v nqZ _vK‡e| ZvB fwel¨‡Z K‡g©

wb‡qvMcÖvwßi Rb¨ eo ai‡bi ¯’vbvšÍi‡hvM¨ I wfwËg~jK †hvM¨Zv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q DV‡e| wkÿv_©x‡ì me‡P‡q Kvh©Kifv‡e

Gme `ÿZvq `ÿ K‡i †Zvjv nj wkÿvi Rb¨ eo P¨v‡jÄ|

wkÿv mvgvwRK AšÍf©yw³‡Z mnvqZv K‡i

†UKmB A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges KvD‡K ev` bv †`qvi bxwZ ev¯Íevq‡b wkÿv Acwinvh©| wkÿv nj cÖe„w×i

PvwjKvkw³, GUv `wi`ªZg‡ì Avq e„w× K‡i Ges mylg e›Ub eë¯’v _vK‡j Zv AmgZv n&ªvm K‡i| hw` 10wU bZzb BD‡ivcxq

BDwbqbfy³ †`k 2020 mv‡ji jÿ¨ c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv‡Z Av‡Mfv‡M ¯‹zj Z¨vM Kivi NUbv K‡g hvq Ges D”P wkÿvq

AskMÖnY ev‡o, Zvn‡j 3.7 wgwjqb gvbyl hviv `vwi‡`ªï SuywK‡Z i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì msL¨v Kgv‡bv hv‡e|

wKš‘ cÖwkÿY I `ÿZvi e„w× me©`vB mvgvwRK AmgZv n&ªvm Kivi †ÿ‡Î mgvbfv‡e Kvh©Ki nqwb| mylgfv‡e wkÿvi we¯Ív‡ii

m‡½ m‡½, wewfbœ †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Av‡qi AmgZvi cÖeYZv‡K wecixZgyLx Kivi Rb¨ miKvimg~n‡K cybe©›Ubg~jK mvgvwRK

bxwZi Ici †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e|

wkÿv kªgevRv‡ii BwZevPK djvd‡j f~wgKv iv‡L

AwaK wkwÿZ Ges we‡klZ abx †`k¸wj‡Z †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi wb¤œgyLx| A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv I Dbœqb ms¯’vq (Organisation

for Economic Co-operation and Development : OECD) 2013 mv‡j D”P gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii †P‡q Kg wkwÿZ 25 †_‡K

64 eQ‡ii eq¯‹‡ì gvÎ 55% Kv‡R wb‡qvM †c‡qwQj; D”P gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i wkÿvcÖvß wKš‘ D”P ¯Í‡i wkÿv MÖnY K‡ibwb Ggb

e¨w³‡ì 73% PvKzwi †c‡qwQj, Avevi D”P wkÿvcÖvß 83% fvM gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’vb nq| `wi`ªZi †`k¸wj‡Z GiK‡gi

AvšÍtm¤úK© ZiæY‡ì `ye©j K‡i †Zv‡j, G †_‡K †evSv hvq, `ÿ kªgkw³i Pvwn`v Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg Ges wkÿv eë¯’v

cÖvmw½K `ÿZv m„wó K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì my‡hvM¨ K‡i Zzj‡Q bv|

wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î êlg¨ n&ªvm myweavewÂZ †Mvôx‡ì Rb¨ fv‡jv KvR cvevi my‡hvM e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i| 2016 mv‡ji wRBGg

cÖwZ‡e`‡bi we‡kølY †_‡K †evSv hvq, hw` myweav‡fvMx Ges myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv Awfbœ nq, Zvn‡j

Kvh©Ki `vwi‡`ªï êlg¨ 39% n&ªvm cv‡e|

wkÿvi m‡½ Av‡qi †hvM Av‡Q| 139wU †`‡k †`Lv †M‡Q, cÖwZ 1 eQi evowZ wkÿvjv‡fi d‡j Avq 9.7% e„w× cvq| †hme

`wi`ª †`‡k `ÿ kªwg‡Ki Afve i‡q‡Q, wkÿvjv‡fi m~‡Î †mLv‡b me©vwaK Avq AwR©Z nq| hw` D”PZi wkÿvcÖvß wkÿv_©x‡ì

AwaK Avq wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq, Zvn‡j wkÿvq wewb‡qv‡Mi m‡½ Ggb A_©‰bwZK bxwZgvjv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z `ÿ kªwg‡Ki

Pvwn`v m„wó nq|


hLb meyR cÖe„w× Kg©wb‡qv‡Mi cÖmv‡i eû my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i, ZLb cwi‡ekMZfv‡e †UKmB bq Ggb wkícÖwZôvb eÜ n‡q

hvevi Rb¨ A‡bK‡KB PvKzwi nviv‡Z nq| wkÿv Ges cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb m¤cÖmvwiZ Rxebe¨vcx wkL‡bi

bxwZ, hv‡Z KvR nviv‡bv kªwgKiv bZzb Kv‡R †hvM w`‡Z cv‡i|

17

* ch©‡eÿ‡Yi msL¨v Kg _vKvq wkÿvi ¯Íi cwinvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

`ªóe¨: ïay knivÂ‡ji 15-64 eQi eqmx c~Y©Kvjxb (mßv‡n AšÍZ 30 N›Uv) kªwgK‡ì GB bgybvq AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

m~Î: wek¦e¨vs‡Ki STEP `ÿZvi cwigvcK Rwi‡ci (2012-13) wfwË‡Z wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji wnmve

wPÎ 2

wkÿvjv‡fi ewa©Z ¯Íi Kvh©Ki `vwi`ª¨ n&ªv‡mi m‡½ hy³

wkÿvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx Kvh©Ki `vwi`ª¨: (50% ga¨‡f`x mvßvwnK Avq) 12 wU wb¤œ Ges ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k

wPÎ 2

wkÿvjv‡fi ewa©Z ¯Íi Kvh©Ki `vwi`ª¨ n&ªv‡mi m‡½ hy³

wkÿvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx Kvh©Ki `vwi`ª¨: (50% ga¨‡f`x mvßvwnK Avq) 12 wU wb¤œ Ges ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k

kZ

vs‡ki fvM

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

BDbvb cÖ‡`k

†K

wbqv

BD‡µ

b*

wf‡qZ

bvg

TFY

R

kªxj¼v

jvI

cÖR

vZ

š¿

Av‡g©wbqv*

ewjwfqv

Nvbv

Kjvw¤^qv

RwR

©qv*

cy‡jW

(MYPxb)

†gwm‡Wvwbqv*

cÖv_wgK ev Zvi wb‡P

wb¤œ gva¨wgK

D”P gva¨wgK/

gva¨wgK-DËi, D”PZi ¯Íi bq

D”PZi

ga¨ Avwd«Kvb cÖRvZ‡š¿i †eŠ‡Kv‡Kvq DbœZ cÖhyw³ eënvi

Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb GK KvmvWv †ÿ‡Z `Ûvqgvb GKRb gvbyl|

18


gvbyl†Kvb †Kvb w`K †_‡K Avgiv KZB bv Avjv`v, wKš‘ Ab¨ w`K

†_‡K †`L‡j Avgiv Awfbœ: Avgiv mevB PvB gh©v`vi m‡½

Avgv‡ì MY¨ Kiv †nvK, Avgiv wbivc` I my¯’ _vK‡Z PvB|

Avgiv hw` wkï‡ì †kLv‡Z PvB, Zv‡ì my¯’ _vKv ìKvi,

Avi Zzwg hw` ¯^v¯’ëvb _vK‡Z PvI, †Zvgv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e wK

K‡i wb‡Ri hZœ wb‡Z nq|

†RÛvi mgZv GL‡bv GKUv eo mgm¨v| fvevi †Póv K‡iv †h

ivRbxwZ I eëmvq KRbB ev bvix‡bÎx Av‡Qb! GgbwK

Zv‡ì wb‡Ri evwo‡Z bvixi cÖwZ mwnsmZv cÖwZw`bB NU‡Q|

mgq G‡m‡Q bvix-cyiæl GKm‡½ KvR Kivi

Avgiv wPiZ‡i êlg¨ `~i Ki‡Z PvB|

`yf©vM¨µ‡g, hv‡ì GB wkÿv ìKvi, Zv‡ì AwaKvs‡kiB

¯^v¯’¨‡mevq AwfMg¨Zv †bB|

wKš‘ bvix‡ì wkwÿZ K‡i Zzj‡j Zviv AmZ¨ aviYvi weiæ‡×

ùvov‡Z cvi‡e, Zv‡ì †evSv‡bv hv‡e, Zv‡ì KZ©e¨ Kx Ges

wK Kiv DwPZ, hvi gva¨‡g Zviv ivRbxwZ‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡Z

cv‡i ev fv‡jv KvR †c‡Z cv‡i|

Ges Ab¨vb¨ †gŠwjK AwaKv‡iI †bB|

bvixwkÿv Zv‡ì cvwievwiK ¯^v‡¯’ïI DbœwZ mvab K‡i|

19


Òcyiæl‡ì †P‡q bvixiv

gRywinxb KvR K‡i

wØ¸Y|

Ó

mgvR Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g gvbweK Kj¨vY I mgZv AR©‡b DbœwZ mvab Kiv hvq Ges Zv MYZš¿ Ges mywePv‡ii m‡½

mvgÄm¨c~Y©| wkÿv nj mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi kw³kvjx Dcv`vb Ges cÖavb A½| gvby‡li ¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb hvcb Ges Zv‡ì

mšÍvb‡ì Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b wkÿv nj †K›`ªxq welq| myweavewÂZ gvbyl, hv‡ì wmsnfvMB wK‡kvix I bvix, Zv‡ì ÿgZvqb

Kivi gva¨‡g wkÿv †RÛvi-mgZv AR©‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿvi m‡½ Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Zi †hvM Av‡Q| ¯^v¯’¨, cywó, cvwb Ges R¡vjvwbi Drm wkÿvi m‡½ †K›`ªxqfv‡e hy³| wkï‡ì ¯^v¯’¨

Zv‡ì wkLb ÿgZv‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| wkÿvcÖ`v‡b ¯^v¯’¨ AeKvVv‡gvi f~wgKv Av‡Q| wkÿvLv‡Zi h_vh_ Kvh©KwiZvi Rb¨

my¯^v‡¯’ï AwaKvix wkÿK Acwinvh©|

me‡kl wePv‡i, gvbweK Dbœq‡b ìKvi mvgwMÖK `„wófw½| Zvi ØvivB eûgvwÎK `vwi‡`ªï P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv Kiv hv‡e|

mK‡ji †UKmB fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ AšÍf©yw³g~jK mvgvwRK Dbœqb Riæwi

AšÍfy©w³g~jK mgvR Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mK‡ji Rb¨ Riæwi †mevi eë¯’v| hvi AšÍf©y³ nj-wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, Rj, cqwb®‹vkb,

R¡vjvwb, Avevmb I cwienb| eZ©gv‡b Ggb †Kvb eë¯’vB †bB| Avevi [mvgvwRK] AMÖMwZ m‡Ë¡I †ewki fvM †`‡k †RÛvi

mgZv GL‡bv Aaiv i‡q †M‡Q| cyiæl‡ì †P‡q bvixiv gRywinxb KvR K‡i wØ¸Y Ges

cÖvqkB bvixiv KvR K‡i AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z|

AšÍf©yw³g~jK mgvR Dbœq‡bi A_© nj mgv‡Ri AšÍtw¯’Z cÖvwšÍKxKiY I êlg¨ †iva Kiv|

myweavewÂZ gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ bvix, cÖwZeÜx, Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôx Ges b„ZvwË¡K I fvlvMZ

msL¨vjNy, Awfevmx I ev¯‘Pz¨Z RbmvaviY Ggb cÖvwšÍKZv I êl‡gï wkKvi| Ggb

êlg¨g~jK Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cyiæl I bvixi ÿgZvq‡b wkÿv I Gi gva¨‡g

†h Ávb AvüZ nq Zvi DbœxZKiY ìKvi, hv‡Z g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½‡Z cwieZ©b Avbv hvq|

gvbm¤§Z wkÿvq AwfMg¨Zv †bB Ggb A‡bK Rb‡Mvôx i‡q‡Q| †hgb, RvwZMZ, b„ZvwË¡K Ges fvlvMZ msL¨vjNy, cÖwZeÜx,

`yM©g MÖvgevmx, ew¯Íevmx Ges GBP-AvB-wf AvµvšÍ ev AwbewÜZ Ges GwZg wkï| †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡iB Avq, Avevm‡bi Ae¯’vb,

b„ZvwË¡K cwiPq Ges †RÛvi‡f‡` wkÿvi cÖvwšÍKxKiY †`Lv hvq| wkÿvjv‡f me‡P‡q eo evav nj `vwi`ª¨| 101wU wb¤œ Av‡qi

†`‡k 20 †_‡K 24 eQi eqmx e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ †`Lv †M‡Q, abx‡ì Zzjbvq `wi`ªZgiv M‡o 5 eQ‡ii Kg mg‡qi wkÿv jvf

K‡i‡Q| MÖvg I bMivÂ‡j GB cv_©K¨ 2.6 eQi Ges bvix I cyiæl‡ì g‡a¨ Zv 1.1 eQi|

GBme Dcv`vb G‡K Aci‡K AwaµgY K‡i| D`vniY¯îƒc, `wi`ª, b„ZvwË¡Kfv‡e I †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vbMZfv‡e cÖvwšÍK

cUf~wgi bvixiv GKB †Mvôxi cyiæl‡ì †P‡q †jLvcovq A‡bKUv wcwQ‡q _v‡K| †ewki fvM †`‡k MÖvgxY bvix‡ì A‡a©‡KiI

Kg msL¨K‡ì †gŠwjK mvÿiZv `ÿZv i‡q‡Q| AvdMvwb¯Ívb, †ewbb, Pv`, Bw_Iwcqv, wMwb, cvwK¯Ívb I `wÿY my`v‡bi gZ

†`‡k, †hLv‡b mxgvnxb êlg¨ we`¨gvb, †mLvbKvi `wi`ª wK‡kvixiv GK eQ‡iiI Kg mg‡qi ¯‹zj wkÿv †c‡q _v‡K|

wkÿv mgvR Dbœq‡bi djvd‡j BwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j

wkÿv mgvR Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi djvd‡j DbœwZ mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i, we‡klZ, wkÿv I bvixi Ae¯’v‡b| ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó,

eënvwiK cwieZ©b hv wPwKrmvMZ Ae¯’vi DbœwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ggb wel‡q wkÿv mywbw`©ó `ÿZv I Ávb `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

fviZ, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, c¨viv¸‡q Ges ZvbRvwbqv cÖRvZ‡š¿ †`Lv †M‡Q, Mwie I AíwkwÿZ †ivMxiv A‡cÿvK…Z Kg `ÿ Wv³v‡ii

†mev wb‡q _v‡K|

Lvev‡ii eë¯’v Ges ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv Awfhv‡bi gZ we`¨vjqwfwËK D‡`¨vM ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ZvrÿwYK cÖfve †d‡j| Avevi ¯‹z‡j Lvevi

†`qv n‡j Dcw¯’wZ ev‡o| eyiwKbv dv‡mvi DËivÂ‡ji MÖv‡g ¯‹z‡j ga¨w`‡bi Lvevi cÖ`vb Ges evwo‡Z wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨

†ik‡bi eë¯’vi d‡j GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †g‡q‡ì ¯‹zj fwZ© cuvP †_‡K Qq kZvsk c‡q›U e„w× †c‡q‡Q|

we`¨vjqwfwËK D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨ msµvšÍ msev` Rvbv‡bv hvq Ges Zv AvPiwYK cwieZ©b NUv‡Z cv‡i| ¯‹z‡j cvwb,

cqwb®‹vkb eë¯’v Ges kixi msµvšÍ wkLb ¯^v¯’¨ I A_©‰bwZK welq Ges †RÛvi mgZvq mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wdbj¨v‡Û

we`¨vj‡q Lvevi cÖ`vb‡K wkÿvq wewb‡qvM wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq, g‡b Kiv nq Zv Lv`¨vf¨v‡mi my`~icÖmvix wkÿv Ges Lvev‡ii

cQ›` wb‡q m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|

gvbyl: AšÍf©yw³g~jK mvgvwRK Dbœqb

20


ÒbvB‡Rwiqvq †`Lv †M‡Q,

¯‹z‡j hviv Pvi eQi mgq

wQj, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki

†ÿ‡Î AšÍZ GKevi

Mf©aviY n&ªvm †c‡q‡Q|

Ó

mgvR Dbœqb wkÿv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i

mgvR Dbœq‡b wkÿvi †hgb BwZevPK cÖfve Av‡Q,

†Zgwb mgvR Dbœqb wkÿv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i

BwZevPKfv‡e, Avevi Zv hw` AšÍf©yw³g~jK bv nq,

Zv n‡j †bwZevPKfv‡e| ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wkÿveë¯’vi

wfwË iPbv K‡i| Gi Øviv wkïi ¯‹z‡j Dcw¯’wZ I

wkLb GgbwK Zv‡ì mnvqZvq cwiev‡ii mvg_©Ï

wbqwš¿Z nq| †Kwbqv‡Z †hme †g‡qi KxUmsµgY

cÖwZ‡iv‡ai UxKv †bqv _v‡K, Zv‡ì RvZxq cÖv_wgK

¯‹zj mgvcbx cixÿvq cvk Kivi m¤¢vebv _v‡K 25%

†ewk| cÖvK-ˆkk‡ei Rxebhvcb wkL‡bi wfwË ˆZwi

K‡i †`q| wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi eë¯’v

_vK‡j Zv‡ì Abycw¯’wZ I Abxnv n«vm cvq|

cvwb, cqwb®‹vkb, ¯^v¯’¨ I R¡vjvwb‡Z AwfMg¨Zv

wkÿvi Ici BwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j| Nvbvq cvwb

†U‡b Avbvi mgq A‡a©‡K bvwg‡q Avbvi d‡j,

we‡klZ MÖvg GjvKvq QvÎx‡ì Dcw¯’wZ e„w×

†c‡q‡Q| †ciæi MÖvgvÂ‡j 1993 mv‡j 7.7%

cwiev‡ii we`y¨‡Z AwfMg¨Zv wQj| 2013-G Zv

†e‡o ùvovq 70% fv‡M| Zv‡Z †`Lv †Mj, cÖwZw`b

wkï‡ì cov‡jLvi mgq †e‡o‡Q 93 wgwbU|

cÖ‡qvRb mymsnZ mvgvwRK I

wkÿvD‡`¨vM

wkÿvq †RÛvi mgnv‡ii AMÖMwZ GKBfv‡e †RÛvi

mgZv m„wó K‡i bv| D`vniY¯îƒc, Rvcvb I †Kvwiqv

cÖRvZ‡š¿ bvixwkÿv e„w× †c‡q‡Q, wKš‘ kªgkw³‡Z

bvixi AskMÖnY mxwgZ n‡q Av‡Q, hwÌ eva©‡Kï

Kvi‡Y wkwÿZ kªgkw³i Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e, ïay wkÿv D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g †UKmB ¯^v¯’¨-m¤úwK©Z AvPiwYK cwieZ©b

m¤¢e bq|

wPÎ: 3

†gŠwjK wkÿv, ^̄v¯’¨ †mev Ges AZ¨vek¨Kxq †gŠwjK †mev cÖ`v‡b

DbœwZ n‡jI eo eo P¨v‡jÄ GL‡bv i‡q †M‡Q|

†gŠwjK †mevq AwfMg¨Zv, Ges ¯^v¯’¨ I wkÿvi djvd‡j DbœwZ,

2000 Ges me©‡kl eQ‡i

DbœZ

cqwb®‹vkb

eë¯’vq A

wfMg¨Z

v

Av‡Q G

gb

RbmsL¨v (%

)

cÖv_wgK

¯‹z‡ji

me‡kl †kªYx‡Z

†gvU fwZ

©i

AbycvZ

(%

)

5-eQ‡ii

wb‡P g„Z

z¨nvi

(cÖwZ

1 nvR

v‡i)

`ªexf~Z

R¡vjvwb‡Z

AwfMg¨Z

v A

v‡Q

Ggb R

bmsL¨v (%

)

we`y¨‡Z

AwfMg¨Z

v

Av‡Q G

gb

gvbyl (%

)

DbœZ

cvwbi

Dr‡m A

wfMg¨Z

v

Av‡Q G

gb

RbmsL¨v (%

)

wb¤œ Avq

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq

D”P ga¨g Avq

D”P Avq

wb¤œ Avq

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq

D”P ga¨g Avq

D”P Avq

wb¤œ Avq

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq

D”P ga¨g Avq

D”P Avq

wb¤œ Avq

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq

D”P ga¨g Avq

D”P Avq

wb¤œ Avq

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq

D”P ga¨g Avq

D”P Avq

wb¤œ Avq

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq

D”P ga¨g Avq

D”P Avq

0

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

`ªóe¨: 2012 me©‡kl eQi nj: `ªexf~Z R¡vjvwb Ges we`y¨‡Z AwfMg¨Zvi Rb¨; 2014 nj cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji

me †kl †kªYx‡Z †gvU fwZ©i Abycv‡Zi Rb¨ Ges 2015 nj 5 eQ‡ii wb‡P g„Zz¨ nvi Ges cvwb I

cqwb®‹vkb myweavq AwfMg¨Zvi Rb¨|

m~Î: UIS WvUv‡em Ges wek¦e¨vsK (2016)

2000

me©‡kl eQ‡i

wK‡kvix I bvixi DbœZ gv‡bi wkÿv e¨w³ I mgv‡R Kj¨vY e‡q Av‡b| wkÿv bvix‡ì K‡g©

wb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM evwo‡q †`q| mvgvwRK I AvBbMZ AwaKvi Ges Kj¨vYg~jK †mev m¤ú‡K©

[wewfbœ] msev` Rvbv bvix‡ì Rb¨ mnR n‡q D‡V, hw` Zv‡ì mvÿiZv `ÿZv _v‡K|

MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqvq AskMÖn‡Yi `ÿZv †kLv‡bvi gva¨‡g wkÿv bvix‡K ivR‰bwZK Kvh©µ‡g

AskMÖnY Kivi m¤¢vebv evwo‡q †`q| wkÿv hw` wb¤œ gv‡bi nq, Zvn‡j Nwbô m½xi KvQ

†_‡K mwnsm AvPiY cvIqvi SuywK A‡bK †ewk _v‡K|

mywkwÿZ gv wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv I wkïi my¯^v¯’¨ wel‡q AwaKZi `ÿZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

gv‡qi wkÿv AvšÍtcÖRb¥ ms‡hv‡M kw³kvjx GKwU welq, hv cvwievwiK AMÖvwaKvi Ges

mvgvwRK AvPiY‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| bvB‡Rwiqvq †`Lv †M‡Q, ¯‹z‡j hviv Pvi eQi mgq

wQj, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †ÿ‡Î AšÍZ GKevi Mf©aviY n&ªvm †c‡q‡Q| gv‡q‡ì Rb¨ ¯^í‡gqv`x wkÿv ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wel‡q

Zvrch©en f~wgKv iv‡L| mywbw`©ó DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv bvix‡K cwievi cwiKíbvq mvnvh¨ K‡i|

wkÿv gvZ…g„Zzï nvi n&ªvm K‡i| bvixi wkÿv hw` k~b¨ †_‡K GK eQ‡i DbœxZ Kiv nq Zvn‡j cÖwZ GK jÿ g„Zz¨‡Z 174

gvZ…g„Zz¨ †iva Kiv hv‡e|

21


AwfÁZvi Ggb aib e¨vcKZi D‡`¨vM I bxwZi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡KB Zz‡j a‡i, hv wkÿv‡K Ggb Kvh©vewji m‡½ hy³ Ki‡e, hvi

d‡j AvBbMZ cwieZ©b A_ev kªgkw³i bxwZ cÖfvweZ nq| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP †hgb, †cbkb, UvKv cvVv‡bv Ges

ÿz`ªF‡Yi gva¨‡g SuywK I wecbœZv n«vm Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î Gi cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i, h_v- `vwi`ª¨ Kgv‡Z cv‡i,

wkÿvq AwfMg¨Zv evov‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯îƒc, cwievievÜe bxwZgvjv Ges bgbxq kªgms¯’vb bvix kªgkw³i Ae¨vnZ

AskMÖn‡Y Drmvn †hvMv‡Z cv‡i|

bvix I cyiæ‡li †hŠ_ AskMÖn‡Y Av‡qvwRZ Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z †RÛvi cÿcvwZZ¡ Kvh©Kifv‡e `~i Kiv hvq|

eªvwR‡ji Programe H-Gi AšÍfy©³ i‡q‡Q, `jxq wkÿv Awa‡ekb, ZiæY‡ì †bZ…Z¡ Awfhvb Ges ZiæY‡ì g‡a¨ †RÛvi

wel‡q MZvbyMwZK aviYv cwieZ©‡bi Kvh©µg| 20wU †`‡k GUv Abym„Z n‡q‡Q|

†mwjbv Av³vi,

evsjv‡`‡ki w`bvRcy‡ii bvwm©s BÝwUwUD‡Ui

avÎxwe`¨vi wØZxq e‡l©i QvÎx Qwe‡Z gv‡qi f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

Ab¨vb¨ QvÎxiv cÖme-DËi cwiPh©v Abykxjb Ki‡Q|

22


msNl© wkÿv‡K †kl K‡i †`q| ¯‹zj, wkÿv_©x Ges wkÿKiv

AvµvšÍ nq Ges ev¯‘Py¨Z nq|

evwoNi †_‡K hv‡ì †Rvic~e©K D‡”Q` Kiv n‡q‡Q †mBme

wkï I cwiev‡ii Rb¨ ¯‹zj GKUv wbivc` ¯’vb n‡q DV‡Z

cv‡i|

hw` Avgiv wewfbœ `wjjcÎ bv co‡Z cvwi Ges Avgv‡ì

AvBbMZ AwaKvi bv eywS, Zv n‡j wePvieë¯’vi LyuwUbvwU

†Kgb K‡i eySe?

wKš‘ msNl© wkÿv‡K Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡i †Zv‡j|

Avgiv wkwÿZ n‡j, GUvB ¯^vfvweK †h Avgiv †fvU`vb

Kie, ZLb e›`yK nv‡Z wb‡q bq, kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e cÖwZev`

Rvbve|

AvbyôvwbK kvwšÍ Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL bv _vK‡jI mwVK wkÿv

msNl© cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cv‡i|

kvwšÍ

A

v

g

i

v

k

v

w

š

Í

P

v

B

M

Y

Z

š

¿

P

v

B

,

G

L

b

B

23


Ò1870 †_‡K 2000

mv‡ji g‡a¨ MYZvwš¿K

eë¯’vq iƒcvš Í wiZ

kvmbvg‡ji A‡a©KUvB

N‡UwQj D”PZi mvÿiZv

¯Í‡ii Kvi‡Y|

Ó

Ae¨vnZ mwnsmZv Ges mk¯¿ msNl© e¨w³MZ wbivcËv I Kj¨vY‡K wewNœZ K‡i| mwnsmZv cÖwZ‡iva Ges †UKmB kvwšÍ

cÖwZôvi Rb¨ PvB MYZvwš¿K I cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK cÖwZôvb Ges DËgfv‡e Pjgvb wePvieë¯’v| ivR‰bwZK AskMÖnY, AšÍf©yw³

Ges MYZ‡š¿i Rb¨ cÖavb Dcv`vb nj wkÿv| wkÿv msNl© evav‡Z cv‡i, Avevi GUvB msNl© n«vm I eÜ Ki‡Z cv‡i| kvwšÍ

cÖwZôv Ges Ggb D‡`¨v‡Mi cÖwZ Ae‡njv Kx ai‡bi fqven djvdj m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv †evSv‡Z wkÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv

cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| we‡klZ, mykxj mgv‡Ri msMwVZ wkÿv D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g wePvi eë¯’vq cÖvwšÍK RbM‡Yi AwfMg¨Zv

evo‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv Ges mvÿiZv ivRbxwZ‡K Av‡iv AskMÖnYg~jK K‡i †Zv‡j

cÖavb ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›` Ges ivR‰bwZK eë¯’vi Kvh©µg wel‡q wkÿv Ávb e„w× K‡i| wKfv‡e †fvUvi †iwR‡÷ªkb Ki‡Z

nq, Zvi SuywK KZUv Ges †fv‡Ui djvdj wel‡q e¨w³i Kv‡Q Z_¨ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| cwðg †Kwbqvq, ïay cÖvwšÍK b„ZvwË¡K

†Mvôxi QvÎx‡ì Rb¨ cwiKwíZ GKwU e„wË Kg©m~wP Zv‡ì gva¨wgK wkÿvq fwZ© [nvi] evwo‡q †`q Ges Zv‡ì ivR‰bwZK

ÁvbI e„w× K‡i| 2008 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi Av‡Mfv‡M GKwU †fvUvi m‡PZbZv Awfhv‡bi d‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbe©vP‡b bvix

AskMÖnY 12% c‡q›U e„w× †c‡qwQj| 2007 mv‡j wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M bvB‡Rwiqvq GKwU msNl©-we‡ivax Awfhv‡bi d‡j

fxwZcÖ`k©b n«vm cvq Ges 10% †ewk e¨w³ †fvU`v‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib|

DËg wkÿv gvbyl‡K we‡kølYcÖeY K‡i †Zv‡j, Zviv ivR‰bwZK wel‡q mswkøó nb Ges Gi gva¨‡g cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi cÖwZwbwaZ¡

e„w× cvq| myweb¨¯Í †cŠibxwZ wkÿv, wkÿv_x©‡ì ivRbxwZ‡Z hy³ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges G‡Z GK ai‡bi Dchy³ cwi‡ek ˆZwi

nq, †hLv‡b wewfbœ weZK©g~jK welq Av‡jvwPZ n‡Z cv‡i, wkÿv_x©iv †mme wel‡q Rvb‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡ì wewfbœ AwfgZ

cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| 35wU †`‡k cwiPvwjZ GKwU Rwic †_‡K †evSv hvq †h, †kªwYK‡ÿi Dchy&³ cwi‡ek wkÿv_x©‡ì

ivRbxwZ‡Z RwoZ nevi B”Qv e„w× K‡i| Bmiv‡qj I BZvwj‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q, AskMÖnYg~jK †kªwYK‡ÿi cwi‡ek wkÿv_x©‡ì

bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK wel‡q RwoZ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

DËg wkÿv Ges bvix‡ì RvZxq I ¯’vbxq bxwZ-wba©viYx msMV‡bi m‡½ mswkøóZv wbweofv‡e mshy³| ivRbxwZ I miKvwi

Awd‡m bvix‡ì e„nËi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wkÿvq †RÛvi AmgZv n«vm Ki‡Z cv‡i| bvix‡ì Rb¨ BwZevPK Av`k© cÖwZgvb m„wó I

Zv‡ì wkÿvm¤úwK©Z AvKv•ÿv e„w×i gva¨‡g Zv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| fvi‡Zi 12wU e„nr iv‡R¨

†RjvwfwËK ivRbxwZi m‡½ RwoZ bvixi msL¨v 10% e„w×i d‡j cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj mgvc‡bi

nvi 6% ev‡o Ges †g‡q‡ì wkÿvi Ici cÖfve we‡klfv‡e e„w× cvq|

GUvB ¯^vfvweK †h, ÿzä bvMwiKiv hw` wkwÿZ nb, Zvn‡j Zviv Zv‡ì Am‡šÍvl e¨³

Ki‡eb Awnsm bvMwiK Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g| †hgb, cÖwZev`, eqKU, ag©NU, mgv‡ek,

ivR‰bwZK Rgv‡qZ, mvgvwRK Amn‡hvM Ges cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gva¨‡g| 55 eQi a‡i 106wU

†`‡k †`Lv hv‡”Q, wkÿvcÖvß b„ZvwË¡K †Mvôx Awnsm cÖwZev` cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q|

gvbm¤§Z wkÿvq e¨vcKZi I mgZvm~PK AwfMg¨Zv MYZvwš¿K AvPiY I msMV‡bi

†UKmwnZvq mvnvh¨ K‡i| 1870 †_‡K 2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ MYZvwš¿K eë¯’vq iƒcvšÍwiZ

kvmbvg‡ji A‡a©KUvB N‡UwQj D”PZi mvÿiZv ¯Í‡ii Kvi‡Y|

wkÿv I msNl©: GKwU RwUj m¤úK©

fv‡jv-wkÿv eë¯’v bv _vKvi d‡j †h `vwi`ª¨, †eKviZ¡ Ges nZvkv m„wó nq, Zv-B mk¯¿ `‡ji m`m¨ nIqvi †ÿ‡Î f~wgKv

iv‡L| wm‡qiv wj‡qv‡b wkÿvewÂZ ZiæYiv AšÍZ gva¨wgK wkÿvcÖvß ZiæY‡ì †P‡q bq ¸Y †ewk nv‡i we‡`ªvnx †Mvôx‡Z †hvM

w`‡q‡Q| wkÿvi AmgZv mgm¨vwU‡K evwo‡q †Zv‡j| 50 eQi a‡i 100wU †`‡ki DcvË †_‡K †`Lv hvq, wkÿvjv‡f †hLv‡b eo

ai‡bi cÖ‡f` Av‡Q, †mLv‡bB msN‡l©i m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| wKš‘ AwaK wkÿvB GKgvÎ c_ bq| †hLv‡b wkÿvi ¯Íi e„w×

cv‡”Q, wKš‘ kªgevRvi wbðj, †mLv‡b nZvkv dzu‡m DV‡Z cv‡i|

kvwšÍ: ivR‰bwZK AskMÖnY, kvwšÍ Ges mywePv‡i AwfMg¨Zv

24


Ò50 eQi a‡i 100wU

†`‡ki DcvË †_‡K †`Lv

hvq, wkÿvjv‡f †hLv‡b eo

ai‡bi cÖ‡f` Av‡Q,

†mLv‡bB msN‡l©i m¤¢vebv

†ewk _v‡K|

Ó

¯‹z‡j hw` cÿcvZ, mnbkxjZvi Afve Ges HwZnvwmK wePz¨wZi PP©v nq, †mUv wnsmvi

AuvZzoN‡i cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| eû †`‡k †`Lv †M‡Q, †hLv‡b wkÿvµg Ges wkÿv DcKiY

euvavaiv Pwi‡Îi, †mLv‡b mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK †ÿvf †e‡o hvq| iæqvÐvq 1962-1994

ch©šÍ wkÿvi bxwZ I Kvh©µg ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv †M‡Q, cvV¨welq ûZz I ZzZwm‡ì Avjv`v

K‡i‡Q Ges cvi¯úwiK N„Yvi gva¨‡g Zviv wbw`©ó †Mvôx‡Z wef³ n‡q‡Q| wkÿvi fvlvI

e„nËi †ÿv‡fi Drm n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿvi DbœwZ‡Z Ab¨Zg eo evav nj mk¯¿ msNl© KewjZ †`‡k, cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡j MgbKvix

eq‡mi 21.5 wgwjqb wkï (†gvU wkÿv_x© msL¨vi 35%) Ges wb¤œ gva¨wgK co–qv‡ì

(25%) g‡a¨ 10 wgwjqb wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ¯‹z‡ji evB‡i †_‡K hvq| wmwiqvb Avie

cÖRvZ‡š¿ 2013 mv‡j cuvP j‡ÿiI †ewk wkï

¯‹z‡ji evB‡i wQj| cÖvqkB ¯‹zj¸‡jv‡K mvgwiK

Kvi‡Y eënvi Kiv nq| wkÿKivI SuywK‡Z

_v‡Kb| Kjvw¤^qvq 2009 †_‡K 2013 mv‡ji

g‡a¨ 140 Rb wkÿK wbnZ nb| mk¯¿ †Mvôxi

g‡a¨ wkï‡ì e¨vcK I †Rvic~e©K wb‡qvM Pj‡ZB

_v‡K|

kiYv_x©iv wkÿveë¯’vi Rb¨ GKUv eo P¨v‡jÄ|

kiYv_x© bq Ggb wkï‡ì †P‡q kiYv_©x wkï I

wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì ¯‹z‡ji evB‡i †_‡K hvevi

m¤¢vebv †ewk| †Kvb †Kvb kiYv_x© Ae¯’v‡b

wkÿv_x©-wkÿK AbycvZ nj 70: 1 Ges AwaKvsk

wkÿKB wWMÖxnxb| b„ZvwË¡K I agx©q †Mvôxi g‡a¨

we‡iva †NvPv‡Z wkÿv mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘

†hLv‡b wkÿvµg Ges `~i‡Z¡i gva¨‡g ¯‹zj Zvi

w¯’Zve¯’v eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i, †mLv‡b êlg¨g~jK

`„wófw½ M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i| 1996 mv‡j hy× †kl

nevi ci †_‡K emwbqv nvwR©‡Mvwfbvq b„ZvwË¡K I

fvlvZvwË¡K `~iZ¡ ˆZwi K‡i ¯‹z‡ji g‡a¨ we‡f`

m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| msNl©-DËiKv‡j wkÿvµ‡gi

welqvewj AvšÍt†Mvôx m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î fv‡jvI Ki‡Z cv‡i, g›Ì Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkÿvµ‡gi ms¯‹v‡ii mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i

cÖ‡Yvw`Z, cwikªgx I cÖwkwÿZ wkÿK cÖvwßi Ici|

myweb¨¯Í AvbyôvwbK I DcvbyôvwbK kvwšÍi wkÿv wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ AvMÖvmb, gv¯Ívwb Ges mwnsm msN‡l© AskMÖnY n«vm Ki‡Z

cv‡i| AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ cÖ‡Póvi Kvh©µ‡gi m‡½ wkÿvi †hvM _vKv DwPZ| wKš‘ †`Lv hvq, wbivcËvi cÖkœ‡KB AMÖvwaKvi †`qv

n‡”Q| 1989 †_‡K 2005 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖKv‡k¨ cÖvße¨ 37wU c~Y© kvwšÍ Pzw³i 11wUi g‡a¨ wkÿvi K_v D‡jøLB †bB|

GKwU Kvh©Ki wePvi eë¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z wkÿv n‡Z cv‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

kvwšÍc~Y© mgv‡Ri Rb¨ Kvh©Ki wePvi eë¯’v LyeB Riæwi| eû †jv‡KiB RwUj wePvi eë¯’vq AwfMg¨Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq

`ÿZv †bB| 2011 mv‡j f~Zc~e© hy‡Mvkøvf †gwm‡Wvwbqv cÖRvZ‡š¿ GKUv Rwic Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj| †`Lv †M‡Q, cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii

wkÿvcÖvß gvÎ 32% Rb wePvi eë¯’v Ges Zvi ms¯‹vi wel‡q fvjfv‡e A_ev AvswkKfv‡e IqvwKenvj| cÿvšÍ‡i, D”PZi

wkwÿZ e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ 77% Rb Gme welq Rv‡bb| Rb‡Mvôx-wfwËK wkÿv Kg©m~wP we‡klZ cÖvwšÍK RbMY‡K AvBbMZ

AwaKvi wel‡q IqvwKenvj K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i|

wePvi wefvM mshy³ Ges AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix KZ©KZ©v‡ì `ÿZv e„w× LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq| cÖwkÿY Ges `ÿZv mxwgZ nIqvi d‡j

wePvi wejw¤^Z ev ÎæwUc~Y© n‡Z cv‡i| †`Lv hvq, mvÿ¨cÖgvY msMÖ‡n NvUwZ †_‡K †M‡Q, AvBb wVKgZ cÖhy³ nqwb A_ev Zvi

Aceënvi n‡q‡Q| nvBwZ‡Z RvwZms‡Ni 7-gvme¨vcx GKwU wb‡qvM cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wPi d‡j †mLvbKvi RvZxq cywjk 5 eQ‡i

wbK„ó Ae¯’v †_‡K me©vwaK wek¦¯Í miKvwi evwnbx‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQj|

cÖv_wgK

gva¨wgK

m~Î: 2014 mv‡ji UNHCR Dcv‡Ëi wfwË‡Z wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY

wPÎ 4

kiYv_©x wkï‡ì wkÿvi Ae¯’vq e¨vcK ZviZg¨ _v‡K

cÖv_wgK I gva¨wg‡K fwZ©i nvi, wbe©vwPZ K‡qKwU †`‡k

kiYv_x© [wkï‡ì] Ae¯’vb. 2014

†K

wbqv

cvwK

¯Ívb

evsjv‡`k

Pv`

gvj‡qwkqv

my`vb

DMvÐv

Bw_I

wcqv

iæqvÐv

`wÿ

Y my`vb

Bivb

B‡q‡gb

wgki

fwZ

©i nvi (%

)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0


25

†ev‡b©v iv‡Rï gvB`y¸wi MÖv‡gi weaŸ¯Í GiIqv

cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji Rvbvjv w`‡q `yB wkï ZvwK‡q

Av‡Q| 1915 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ DËi-c~e©

bvB‡Rwiqvi GwUB cÖ_g cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj| 2010

†_‡K 2013 ch©šÍ Pvjv‡bv †ev‡Kv nviv‡gi

Avµg‡Y ¯‹zjwU aŸsmcÖvß nq|

26


wewfbœ ¯’vbbMi AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ MwZ‡Z evo‡Q Ges cwiewZ©Z n‡q

hv‡”Q, we‡klZ MwieZi †`k¸wj‡Z|

DbœZZi my‡hvM jv‡fi Avkvq gvbyl kn‡i cvwo †`q,

wKš‘ Zv‡Z AwaKmsL¨K gvbyl †mevg~jK Kv‡Ri

Ici Pvc m„wó K‡i|

kni hv‡Z meyRZi n‡q I‡V, Avgiv †mB wkÿv w`‡Z cvwi|

we‡klZ hLb †gqi I bMi cwiKíbvweìv

Avgv‡ì PvIqvi cÖwZ Kvb †`q|

wkÿv Gme gvbyl‡K KvR †c‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i,

Zv‡Z g‡b nq bMi Lye AvKl©Yxq ¯’vb|

Gi †P‡q fvj njÑmwVK wkÿv, hv êlg¨ I Aciva

n«vm Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges kw³kvjx Rb‡Mvôx

M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i|

w

W

s

w

W

s

27


bMivqb AvR‡Ki hy‡Mi `„k¨gvb GK RbwgwZK cÖeYZv| we‡k¦ A‡a©‡Ki †ewk gvbyl kn‡i ev bMivÂ‡j emevm K‡i| 2050

mvj bvMv` m‡e©v”P RbmsL¨v e„w× cv‡e wb¤œ Av‡qi kni¸wj‡Z| wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q wKfv‡e bMi I bMivqb

wkÿv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Ges wkÿv wKfv‡e bvMwiK mgm¨vq cÖfve †d‡j|

†h MwZ‡Z Ges †h gv‡c bMi cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q Zvi Rb¨ ìKvi mykvmb, bgbxqZv Ges D™¢vebx kw³| bMi cwiKíbvi m‡½

wkÿv‡K mymsnZ Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z bM‡ii cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ mK‡ji wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I AwaKvi †gUv‡bv hvq| wKš‘

cÖavb bvMwiK msjv‡c e¨vcKZi wkÿv Lv‡Zi Dcw¯’wZ †`Lv hvq bv| bM‡ii fwel¨Z m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvq wkÿv‡K AšÍf©y³

Ki‡Z n‡j wkÿvi AskxRb Ges bM‡ii †bZv‡ì Av‡iv kw³kvjx Rbm‡PZbZv Ges †bZ…Z¡ m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|

bMi wkÿv cwiKíbv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i

êwk¦K †cÖÿvc‡U, bM‡ii e„w×i A‡a©KUv N‡U ¯^vfvweK RbmsL¨v e„w×i Kvi‡Y, evwK A‡a©KUv N‡U MÖvg †_‡K hy³ nIqv

Awfevmx‡ì Rb¨| GB e„w× †gŠwjK wkÿv, Rxebe¨vcx wkÿv, `ÿZv Dbœqb Ges wkÿK‡ì Pvwn`v m„wó K‡i| GQvov mvgvwRK

mg‡SvZv, wkÿvi gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Z mvs¯‹…wZK êwPÎ¨ iÿvq mnbkxjZv cÖf„wZ evov‡bvi cÖ‡qvRbI e„w× cvq Ges ew¯Íevmx,

Awfevmx I kiYv_x© mevB Gi AšÍf©y³|

¯^í Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z bMievmx‡ì GK-Z…Zxqvsk nq ew¯Í‡Z bv nq bMi‡K‡›`ªi Kv‡Q

Qvcov †Niv AÂ‡j ev kn‡ii Dcv‡šÍ emevm K‡i| wewfbœ ew¯Íi Ae¯’v wfbœ, wKš‘

Awaevmx‡ì AwaKvs‡kiB wkÿvmn †gŠwjK †mevq hrmvgvb¨ AwfMg¨Zv _v‡K| DMvÐvi

12wU kni ev bM‡ii 130wU ew¯Íi wPÎ †_‡K †`Lv hvq, †ewki fvM emevmKvixi ¯‹z‡j

AwfMg¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wbw`©ó cÖ‡kœi DËi`vZviv Av‡iv †ewk AwfMg¨ miKvwi ¯‹z‡ji `vwe

Rvwb‡qwQj|

bM‡i AvMZ Awfevmxiv †hme evavi m¤§yLxb nq, †m¸‡jv nj, êlg¨, fvlvMZ `~iZ¡,

†eKviZ¡ Ges AbvbyôvwbK A_©bxwZ‡Z †kvlY| Gme `~i Kivi Rb¨ `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi Ici

†Rvi w`‡Z n‡e|

†h‡nZz êwk¦K kiYv_x© msKU w`‡bi ci w`b Mfxi n‡q DV‡Q, ZvB bMi wkÿv eë¯’vcbvq †h mg¯Í †Rvic~e©K ev¯‘nviv I

ZiæY‡ì fwZ© Kiv nq, Zv‡ì Rb¨ `xN©‡gqv`x ms‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| 2014 mv‡ji †kl w`K †_‡K 10 R‡bi g‡a¨ 6 Rb

kiYv_x© knivÂ‡j evm K‡i| kiYv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ A‡a©‡Ki †ewki eqm 18 eQ‡ii wb‡P| Zzi‡¯‹ wmwiqvb wkï kiYv_x©‡ì 85%

¯‹z‡j hvq, wKš‘ kni GjvKvq GB msL¨v 30%|

miKvwi wkÿvi Av‡jvPbvq, we‡klZ cÖavb bMi I bM‡ii cvk¦©eZx© GjvKvq †h me †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvaxb ¯‹zj i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì

MY¨ Kiv nq bv| bM‡ii cvk¦©eZx© GjvKvq M‡o IVv Ggb ¯‹zj¸‡jv cÖavbZ AbvbyôvwbK, cÖvqkB miKvwi cwimsL¨v‡b G‡ì

MY¨ Kiv nq bv Ges G¸wj `ytLRbKfv‡e Ae‡nwjZ _v‡K| bvB‡Rwiqvi †j‡Mvm iv‡Rï 2010/11 we`¨vjq ïgvwi‡Z †`Lv

hvq cÖvK-cÖv_wg‡K 85% Gi †ewk Ges cÖv_wg‡K 60%-Gi †ewk wkÿv_x© †emiKvwi ¯‹z‡j c‡o|

wkÿv bM‡ii Ici A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges cwi‡ekMZ cÖfve †d‡j...

h_vh_ gvbm¤úbœ cÖv_wgK Ges gva¨wgK wkÿv Ges D”P wkÿvq D”P nv‡i fwZ© ÁvbwfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z D™¢veb I ea©gvb

Drcv`bkxjZvi †gŠwjK kZ©| bMimg~n gvbe cuywR I we‡`kx cÖZ¨ÿ wewb‡qvM AvK…ó K‡i, KviY bMi D”P wkÿv, `ÿZv,

†gav, Ávb I D™¢ve‡bi êwk¦K †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o I‡V| Px‡bi wekvj bMi mvsnvB wecyj †gav AvK…ó K‡i, GB bM‡i GK

jv‡LiI †ewk ¯œvZK cÖvße¨ Ges GK `k‡K K‡jR-wkwÿZ kªgkw³ wØ¸Y n‡q‡Q| Rvbv hvq, ÷¨vb‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi

Zvrch©c~Y© êwk¦K A_©‰bwZK cÖfve i‡q‡Q: GB cÖwZôv‡bi wkÿv_x©‡ì Øviv K¨vwj‡dvwb©qvi knivÂ‡j 18000 cÖwZôvb M‡o

D‡V‡Q|

wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z, we‡klZ bMivÂ‡j, AbvbyôvwbK kªg Kg©ms¯’vbI Av‡qi GKUv eo Drm Ges A_©‰bwZK g›`vi mgq

D”P Av‡qi A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A¯’vqx I cwieZ©gvb Kv‡Ri †hvMvb`vi n‡Z cv‡i| mg„w× I bMimg~‡n mvgvwRK

AšÍf©yw³i Rb¨ bMi A_©bxwZ‡Z AbvbyôvwbK KvR‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vb Ges MY¨ Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

Ò2014 mv‡ji †kl w`K

†_‡K 10 R‡bi g‡a¨ 6 Rb

kiYv_x© knivÂ‡j evm

K‡i| kiYv_x©‡ì g‡a¨

A‡a©‡Ki †ewki eqm 18

eQ‡ii wb‡P|

Ó

¯’vb : bMi I gvby‡li emwZ

28


we‡klZ Aciva n«v‡mi †ÿ‡Î wkÿvi BwZevPK mvgvwRK cÖfve _v‡K| Bsj¨vÛ Ges I‡qj‡m (hy³ivR¨) eva¨Zvg~jK ¯‹zjwkÿv

cÖjw¤^Z Kivi Rb¨ Aciva I mwnsmZv e¨vcKfv‡e K‡g †M‡Q| hy³iv‡óª, cÖvK-ˆkke wkÿvq wewb‡qv‡Mi d‡j eq¯‹ve¯’vq

Aciva n«v‡m `xN©‡gqv`x cÖfve †`Lv †M‡Q|

cwi‡ekMZ `y‡h©vM Ges bMiRxe‡bi `vwqZ¡kxjZv wel‡q m‡PZbZv we¯Ív‡i wkÿv mvnvh¨ K‡i| RbMY‡K ev‡mi gZ

MYcwienY eë¯’vq I mvB‡Kj Pvjbvq Af¨¯Í Ki‡Z wkÿv DcKiY †ek ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| bvB‡Rwiqvi †j‡Mv‡m bZzb `ªæZMwZi

wewfbœ evm cwien‡Yi GKwU we¯Í…Z †hvMv‡hvM Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi wej¤^ Kwg‡q G‡b‡Q| †WbgvK©, Rvg©vbx Ges †b`vij¨vÛm

cÖf„wZ †`‡k †hLv‡bi kn‡i mvB‡Kj Pvjbv eûj cÖPwjZ, †mLv‡b wkÿv‡K Ggb GK msnZ c×wZi m‡½ hy³ Kiv nq hv‡Z

wkïiv Kg eqm †_‡KB h‡_ó cÖwkÿY cvq|

...wKš‘ Zv bvMwiK êlgÏ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i

wkÿv hv‡Z mvgvwRK ¯Íiweb¨vm bv evwo‡q †Zv‡j, †mRb¨ miKvi‡K wkÿv-m¤úwK©Z Kvh©vewji g‡a¨ GKUv fvimvg¨ iPbv

Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z bM‡ii cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK welq‡K mvgvwRK AšÍf©yw³i cÖmviZvi m‡½ hy³ Kiv hvq|

MÖvg I kni GjvKvi g‡a¨ †h AmgZv

i‡q‡Q, †ZgwbÑhw` AviI †ewk bvI nq,

eo iK‡gi AmgZv i‡q‡Q bMi GjvKvi

g‡aÏ| knivÂ‡j _vKvi g‡a¨ †h

m¤¢vebvevPK myweav _v‡K, Zv †ek n«vm

cvq AmgZv `~i Kivi †Kvb bxwZgvjv bv

_vKvi Rb¨| êlg¨g~jK bxwZ I AvPiY

AmgZv evwo‡q †`q| G‡ÿ‡Î [¯‹z‡j] fvj

wkÿK‡ì Amg eÈ‡bi K_v ejv †h‡Z

cv‡i| wPwji bMi GjvKvi Kb‡mcwkIb

AÂ‡j DbœZ gv‡bi ¯‹zj eÈ‡b wekvj

cv_©K¨ †`Lv †M‡Q|

miKvwi m¤ú‡ì `ye©j eiv‡Ïi cÖwZwµqvq

†emiKvwi ¯‹zj¸wj hyMcr AmgZv `~i

Ki‡Z ev evwo‡q Zzj‡Z cv‡i| gvZv-

wcZv †h ¯‹zj wbe©vPb Ki‡ebÑ†m miKvwi

ev †emiKvwi, we‡kl myweavm¤úbœ ev

Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi gvwjKvbvnxb cÖwZôvb

hvB †nvKÑwelqUv wbf©i K‡i RbwgwZK

¯Íiweb¨vmMZ KviY ev cÖwZd‡ji Ici|

†bwZevPK `„wófw½i gva¨‡g wkÿvq AmgZv `xN©¯’vqx n‡Z cv‡i| wkÿKiv wbqwgZfv‡e Awfevmx‡ì wkï I msL¨vjNy‡ì m‡½

êlg¨g~jK AvPiY K‡i, Gi d‡j Zviv mgv‡R cÖvwšÍKZvi wkKvi n‡q c‡o| GUvB ¯^vfvweK †h, mvsnvB-G, cÖ_g gvbm¤úbœ

wkÿK Rvbvb, GgbwK Awfevmx wkï‡ì fvlvi †ÿ‡Î cUf~wg I êwkó¨ we‡ePbvq †bevi ciI Zviv hw` myweavewÂZ wkï‡ì

cvV`v‡b K‡Vvi nb, Zvn‡j ¯‹zjI mvgvwRK eR©b‡K `xN©¯’vqx K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i|

b„ZvwË¡K cwiPq, mvgvwRK †kªwYwefvM ev RvwZMZ cwiPq hy³ivóª, BD‡iv‡ci A‡bK kni AÂ‡j we‡fèv`x wkÿvi GKwU

cÖavb êwkó¨| †hme †`‡k RvwZMZ cwiP‡qi wech©qKi AZxZ BwZnvm i‡q‡Q †mLv‡bI Ggb êwkó¨ `ªóe¨| D`vniY¯îƒc

`wÿY Avwd«Kvi K_v ejv hvq| wkÿvi m~‡Î Ggb ai‡bi we‡f` D”P cÖhyw³i ÁvbwfwËK bvMwiK GjvKvq Av‡iv †ewk

`„k¨gvb| hy³iv‡óªi 30wU e„nr bMivÂ‡ji 90% GjvKvq D”P Avq Ges wb¤œ Av‡qi Lvbv¸wj‡Z GB `~iZ¡ e„w× †c‡q‡Q|

BD‡iv‡ci 13wU cÖavb kn‡i M‡elYv Pvwj‡q †`Lv †M‡Q, wkwÿZ RbmsL¨vi e„w× Ávbwbweo wkí cÖwZôv‡bi e„w×‡K Z¡ivwš^Z

K‡i Ges d‡j Av_©mvgvwRK Ges ¯’vwbK `~iZ¡ m„wó n‡”Q|

m~Î: RbwgwZ I ¯^v¯’¨ Rwic, eûgyLx wb‡`©kK ¸”Q Rwic Ges

RvZxq Lvbv Rwi‡ci wfwË‡Z wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY (2016)

K‡¤^vwWqv

cvwK

¯Ívb

nÛ

yivm

†bcvj

fviZ

my`vb

wmwiqv

wd

wjcvBb

_vBj¨vÛ

wgki

wf‡qZ

bvg

RW©vb

c¨v‡j÷

vBb

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

kû‡i abx

MÖvgxY abx

RvZxq

MÖvgxY Mwie

kû‡i Mwie

wPÎ 5:

Dbœqbkxj †`k¸wj‡Z MÖvg-kni AmgZv i‡q‡Q wKš‘ bM‡ii Af¨šÍixY

AmgZvI †ek cÖej

wb¤œ-gva¨wgK mgvcbx nv‡i ¯’vwbK AmgZv (MÖvg-kni)

Ges m¤ú` (wbP Ges Dci)

wb¤œ-gva¨wgK

mgvcbx nvi (%

)

29


Òfvi‡Z cÖwZ GK jÿ

bMievmxi Rb¨ Av‡Qb

GKRb cwiKíbvwe`; †mB

Zzjbvq hy³ivóª Ges

KvbvWvq cÖwZ 5 nvRvi R‡b

i‡q‡Qb GKRb|

Ó

wiI wW †Rwb‡ivi dv‡fjvm GjvKv,

eªvwR‡ji MÖvgvÂj †_‡K gvbyl

µgvMZ Awfevmx nIqvq

GwU we¯Z…Z n‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q|

wkÿv Ges Rxebe¨vcx wkLb bMi cwiKíbv Ges bM‡ii iƒcvšÍ‡i cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i

hw` GKUv mymse× cÖqvm _v‡K, Zvn‡j wkÿv Zvi kw³ w`‡q bMi cwiKíbv cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| evwj©‡b mvgvwRKfv‡e

mymsnZ bMi M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kvh©µg, wkÿv I PvKzwi m„wó K‡i mvgvwRKfv‡e mymsnZ kni M‡o Zzj‡Z eë¯’vcbv

cÖKí MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GB kw³‡K ev¯Í‡e iƒc w`‡Z cÖ‡qvRb wkÿvi eûwea kvLvi mgwš^Z cÖwkÿY, hvi d‡j

cwiKíbvweìv wewfbœ LvZ I aviv‡K AšÍf©y³ K‡i AwaKZi †UKmB I evm‡hvM¨ cwi‡ek

m„wó K‡i Kvh©Kifv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| AwaKvsk †`‡k bMi cwiKíbvq ¯‹zj I

Kg©m~wP †ek mxwgZ| fvi‡Z cÖwZ GK jÿ bMievmxi Rb¨ Av‡Qb GKRb cwiKíbvwe`;

†mB Zzjbvq hy³ivóª Ges KvbvWvq cÖwZ 5 nvRvi R‡b i‡q‡Qb GKRb|

myweavewÂZ e¨w³‡ì Pvwn`v we‡ePbvq wb‡q wkÿv-¯^xK…Z AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ bMi

cwiKíbv Ges bxwZ wba©vi‡Y DbœwZ mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i| ew¯Íevmx‡ì AvšÍR©vwZK †RvU

we`¨gvb AmgZvi Z_¨cÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z Ges †mB Abyhvqx ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K †mev

PvB‡Z †Mvôxm`m¨‡ì mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q| GB ms¯’v, we‡klZ A¯’vqx Avevm‡bi m~‡Î bMi cwiKíbvi cÖvmw½KZvi m‡½ hy³

cÖ‡Póv‡K e„w× Kivi Rb¨ Avwd«Kvb cwiKíbv-¯‹zj ms‡Ni m‡½ †hŠ_fv‡e KvR Ki‡Q|

m‡PZb bMi †bZ…e„›` bM‡ii iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ wkÿv I Rxebe¨vcx wkLb‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv-m¤ú„³

mgvR iƒcvšÍi †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g Kjw¤^qvi †gwWwjb kn‡ii †gqi GB kni‡K c„w_exi me‡P‡q mwnsm ¯’vb †_‡K me‡P‡q

D™¢vebx GjvKvq cwiewZ©Z K‡i‡Qb| kni hLb µgea©gvbfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡Z _v‡K, ZLb †mUv‡K †UKmB I AšÍf©yw³g~jK

K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq ¯^wbqš¿Y AwaKvi I wkÿv †KŠkj LyeB Riæwi|

30


GmeB ïb‡Z Lye fv‡jv jvM‡Q, wKš‘ wkÿvi Rb¨ A_©

jv‡M| †mB LiP †hvMv‡Z UvKv Avm‡e †Kv_v †_‡K?

Zvic‡iI GKUv wekvj NvUwZ †_‡K

hv‡e- hv Avgv‡ì Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv

Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì nv‡Z †h A_© Av‡Q

Zvi NvUwZ AšÍZ 39 wewjqb gvwK©b

Wjv‡ii gZ|

wkÿvi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK mnvqZv

evov‡Z n‡e| †`Lv hv‡”Q Zv wb¤œgyLx|

2010 mv‡ji Zzjbvq †mUv 1.2 wewjqb

Kg GLb|

wKfv‡e mnvqZvi UvKv e¨q Kiv nq †m

wel‡q Avgv‡ì Av‡iv `ÿ n‡Z n‡e|

†hme †`‡k msNl© Pjgvb Ges †hLv‡b

wkïiv ¯‹z‡ji evB‡i i‡q †M‡Q, †mme

RvqMvq AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|

cÖ_gZ miKvi‡KB †`‡ki ga¨ †_‡K Av‡iv A_© msMÖn

Ki‡Z n‡e, U¨v‡·i gva¨‡g Zv Kiv hvq| Ges U¨v· eë¯’v

†evSvevi †ÿ‡Î wkÿvB f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

`vZv ms¯’v Ges ivRbxwZwe`‡ì‡K Kv‡Ri c×wZ wel‡q

Av‡iv `ÿ n‡Z n‡e-GK‡Î KvR Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z `yÕcÿ

GKB Lv‡Z LiP bv K‡i|

cÖK…Z A‡_© IBUvB Avmj K_v-mn‡hvwMZv| hw` Avgv‡ì

j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡Z PvB Avgv‡ì mKj‡K GK mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z

n‡e|

mn‡hvwMZv

31


Òwb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z

eQ‡i Ki duvwKi gva¨‡g

cÖvq 100 wewjqb gvwK©b

Wjvi ivR¯^ Avq Kg

nq|

Ó

2030 G‡RÛv eZ©gv‡bi mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK Ges cwi‡ekMZ P¨v‡jÄ¸wj‡K AwefvR¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i Ges †m Rb¨

cÖ‡qvRb mymsnZ c`‡ÿc| GmwWwR 17-q jÿ¨gvÎvmg~n AR©b Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Ges GRb¨ cybiæ¾xweZ êwk¦K

mn‡hvwMZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ j‡ÿï m‡½ h‡_ó A_©vqb wbwðZ Ki‡Z bxwZgvjvi mym½wZ e„w× Ki‡Z Ges eû

AskxR‡bi mn‡hvwMZv Mo‡Z GmwWwR-i Kg©cwiwa mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q|

A_©

hw` wb¤œ I wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`k¸wji mKj wkï I wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©vq †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK ¯Íi ch©šÍ

gvbm¤§Z wkÿvq AwfMg¨Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq, Zvn‡j wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji cÖv°wjZ wn‡me g‡Z Zv eZ©gv‡bi gvwK©b 149

wewjqb Wjvi †_‡K 2030 mv‡j 340 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡i e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| 2015 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m Ôêwk¦K wkÿv my‡hvM

A_©vq‡b AvšÍR©vwZK KwgkbÕ Am‡jv‡Z Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿvi Ici kxl© êV‡K wgwjZ nq| IB êVK †_‡K †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY

m~Î †_‡K m¤ú` msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ we‡kl c`‡ÿ‡ci K_v D‡jøL K‡i Ges [A_©ms¯’v‡bi] eëavb wb‡`©k K‡i wkÿvi Rb¨ GKwU

ÔbZzb mwÜÕi Avnevb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

wkÿv 2030-Gi Kg©cwiKíbvq Af¨šÍixY A_©vq‡bi Rb¨ `yÕwU welq‡K wbw`©ófv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q: †gvU RvZxq Drcv`‡bi

4% †_‡K 6% Ges miKvwi e¨‡qi 15% †_‡K 20%| Gi †P‡q AwaK Af¨šÍixY m¤ú` msMÖn KóKi n‡e| wb¤œ Av‡qi

†`k¸wji cÖvq A‡a©‡Ki U¨v‡·i AbycvZ wRwWwci 15%-Gi wb‡P, AMÖmigvb A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv 18% Ges DbœZ A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv

26%| Mwie †`k¸wj‡Z Ki AbycvZ evov‡Z cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Af¨šÍixY Ges êwk¦K cÖ‡Póv| Ki`vZvi AvPi‡Y wkÿv BwZevPK

cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡i Ges wbqg gvb‡Z DØy× Ki‡Z cv‡i| 1996 †_‡K 2010 ch©šÍ cwiPvwjZ Rwi‡ci DcvË †_‡K †evSv

†M‡Q mvÿiZvi wb¤œ nv‡ii d‡j 123wU †`‡k Ki Av`vq K‡g †M‡Q| hviv Ki duvwK †`b, Zviv A‡b‡KB D”P wkwÿZ AwfRvZ

e¨w³, wKš‘ wkÿvi gva¨‡g Ki-m¤ú„³ BwZevPK `„wófw½ M‡o IVvi K_v| jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi bqwU †`‡k wkÿv gš¿Yvjq I Ki

KZ©„c‡ÿi †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póvq wkÿvµ‡g Ki wkÿv AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Ki duvwK †`qv ev Gwo‡q hvevi welqUv‡K wPwýZ KivI GK ai‡bi êwk¦K `vwqZ¡| mv¤cÖwZK Rwic †_‡K Rvbv †M‡Q †h, wb¤œ

Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z eQ‡i Ki duvwKi gva¨‡g cÖvq 100 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi ivR¯^ Avq Kg

nq| DcK~j †_‡K `~‡i (offshore) wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvbxiv Gi m‡½

hy³| wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wji Ggb ivR‡¯î ÿwZc~i‡Y ìKvi mymgwš^Z †`kxq I AvšÍR©vwZK

ej‡q Ki cÖ`v‡b Drmvn`vb, Pzw³ Ges ÿwZKi wbMge× wm×v‡šÍi weiæ‡× c`‡ÿc MÖnY|

eû †`k wkÿvi ¯^v‡_© e¨q cybwe©b¨vm Ki‡Z cv‡i| `yÕfv‡e wkÿvi Rb¨ e¨‡qi AMÖvwaKvi wVK Kiv

†h‡Z cv‡i| dwmj R¡vjvwb‡Z †h fZz©wK †`qv nq Zv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges wkÿvi Rb¨

e¨q mywbw`©ó Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| B‡›`v‡bwkqvq, cÖavbZ R¡vjvwb‡Z fZ©ywK †èvi wel‡q ms¯‹v‡ii

gva¨‡g 2005 †_‡K 2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wkÿvq e¨q 60%-GiI †ewk e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Af¨šÍixY ivR¯^ msMÖn e„w× Kivi c‡iI A_©vq‡b eQ‡i 39 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi NvUwZ †_‡K hv‡”Q| eû wb¤œ Av‡qi †`‡ki

Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK mvnv‡hï cÖ‡qvRb †_‡K hv‡eB| ZeyI 2013 †_‡K 2014 mv‡j wkÿv Lv‡Z mnvqZv K‡g‡Q cÖvq 600

wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| GB cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z wZbwU weK‡íi g‡a¨ wKQyUv Avkv †`Lv hvq: eûgyLx †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wkÿvi Rb¨

evowZ eivÏ wbw`©óKiY; wewfbœ RvZxq KZ©„c‡ÿi Kg©ÿgZv evwo‡q evowZ ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ A_© mnvqZv‡K eënvi Ges

†hme †`‡ki wkÿv¯Í‡i me‡P‡q †ewk mnvqZv cÖ‡qvRb †m¸wj‡K jÿ¨fy³ Kiv| GB Ae¯’vi DbœwZ nevi AeKvk Av‡Q:

wkÿvi G‡Kev‡i cÖ_‡gB wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zvrch©en djvdj cvIqv †M‡jI, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK cÖhZœ Ges wkÿvq mivmwi

mnvqZvq Zv 2014 mv‡j wQj gvÎ 106 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi, hv DËi-gva¨wgK ch©v‡q wewb‡qv‡Mi 3%-GiI Kg|

bxwZgvjvi mym½wZ

†UKmB Dbœq‡bi ci¯úi wbf©ikxj P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvq LvZ-wbw`©ó c×wZ h‡_ó bq| e„nËi GmwWwR G‡RÛvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb

eûLvZgyLx c×wZ| wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î AvšÍtLvZ cÖ‡qvMc×wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi g‡a¨ mgwš^Zfv‡e _vK‡e ¯‹z‡j Lvevi cÖ`vb,

¯^v¯’¨‡mev, cÖvK-‰kke Dbœqb Ges `ÿZv I RxweKvgyLx cÖwkÿ‡Yi my‡hvM|

RvZxq ch©v‡q eûLvZwfwËK cwiKíbvi DbœwZ mva‡bi mdj cÖ‡Póvi g‡a¨ cÖwZdwjZ n‡e ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv, cÖvwZôvwbK

mg_©b, h_vh_ mvg_©¨ Ges h‡_ó DcvË| bvB‡Rwiqvq FY we‡jvc‡bi A_© eënvi Kiv nq mnmªvã jÿ¨gvÎv c~i‡Y ¯’vbxq

wkÿv‡mev, ¯^v¯’¨, cvwb I cqwb®‹vk‡b|

mn‡hvwMZv: GmwWwR 4 Ges

Ab¨vb¨ †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡b mÿgZvi kZ©vewj

32


Òmgš^q mvab I

A_©vq‡bi ms¯’vmg~‡ni

f‚wgKv GmwWwRi mvd‡jï

Rb¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

Ó

Kjw¤^qvi RvZxq Dbœqb cwiKíbvq wkÿv, kvwšÍ

Ges mgZv‡K ivóªcwZi AMÖvwaKvi e‡j we‡ePbv

Kiv nq; †`kwU 2025 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wkÿvq jvwZb

Av‡gwiKvi g‡a¨ me©‡kªô †`k n‡Z Pvq|

miKvwi G‡RwÝ¸wj mvaviYZ bxwZ cÖYqb I

h_vµwgK Lv‡Z Zvi ev¯Íevq‡bi Ici †Rvi w`‡Z

Pvq| d‡j mgš^q I mn‡hvwMZv Ae‡nwjZ †_‡K

hvq| mywPwšÍZ RvZxq cwiKíbv hv gvbm¤§Z

wkÿvq A_©vqb Ges we‡K›`ªxK…Z cwiKíbv Ges

A_©vqb eë¯’v Ges DËg AvšÍLvZ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi

mgš^‡q cÖYxZ, AwaKvsk Mwie †`k¸wj‡Z Zv

cÖvße¨ bq, eis Zv e¨wZµgx [`„óvšÍ]|

GmwWwRÕi mgwš^Z cwiKíbv Pvwn`vi mv‡_

m½wZc~Y© Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b `vZv ms¯’viv `yB

ai‡bi P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡LvgywL nq: Zv‡ì Dbœqb

c×wZ‡Z mym½Z †Kvb iƒcKí †bB Ges eûLvZgyLx

Kg©m~wP mgš^‡q Zv‡ì bvbviKg Amyweav Av‡Q|

wewfbœ †`‡ki Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mnvqZvi eivÏ †`qv

n‡”Q bv| jvB‡ewiqv I †gŠwiZvwbqv‡Z cÖvq A‡a©K

wkï cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcb K‡i, wKš‘ ¯‹zjeqmx

wkïcÖwZ †gŠwjK wkÿvi Rb¨ 10¸Y cwigvY

mnvqZv cvq jvB‡ewiqv|

mn‡hvwMZv

¯’vbxq I RvZxq miKvi KZ©„cÿmg~n, mykxj mgvR, weØrmgvR, êÁvwbK Rb‡Mvôx, †emiKvwi LvZ Ges êwk¦K eûgyLx

Askx`vwi‡Z¡i ms¯’vmg~n nj KwZcq mn‡hvMx, hviv GmwWwR-i gZ êwk¦K G‡RÛv ev¯Íevq‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| mykxj

mgvR, †emiKvwi LvZ Ges eûgyLx Askx`vwi‡Z¡i mn‡hvwMZv GB bZyb G‡RÛvi A_©vqb, ev¯Íevqb Ges cvi¯úwiK

Revew`wnZvi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avkv Kiv hvq, RvZxq miKvimg~n G wel‡q MwZkxjZvi ¯^vÿi

ivL‡e|

mevi Rb¨ wkÿvi (EFA) GKUv eo AR©b wQj mykxj mgv‡Ri µgea©gvb ZrciZv| wKš‘ Av‡iv Kvh©Ki mykxj mgv‡Ri

mn‡hvwMZv-cwiKíbvq wKQy P¨v‡jÄ Av‡Q| †hme msMVb `vZv ms¯’vi A‡_©i Ici cÖejfv‡e wbf©ikxj Zviv wKfv‡e ¯^vaxb gZ

cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e? Avi GKUv P¨v‡jÄ nj e„nËi mykxj mgv‡Ri QvDwbi g‡a¨ eûZi Kg©xi e¨vcK êwPÎ¨|

GmwWwR [ev¯Íevq‡b] MwZkxjZv Ges A‡_©i †hvMvb w`‡Z cv‡i †emiKvwi LvZ, †mLv‡bB Avkvev‡ì jÿY Luy‡R cvIqv hvq|

wKš‘ hLb A‡b‡K †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi ewa©Z f~wgKv‡K A_©vqb, bgbxqZv, D™¢veb kw³ Ges

DbœZZi wkLbdj jv‡f we‡ePbv K‡i, mskqev`xiv Zvi g‡a¨ AmgZvi we¯Ív‡ii exR Ges

wkÿvq evRv‡ii AcÖ‡qvRbxq cÖfve kbv³ K‡i|

mgš^q mvab I A_©vq‡bi ms¯’vmg~‡ni f~wgKv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| êwk¦K wkÿv mgš^q

†KŠk‡ji AšÍfy©³ nj, GmwWwR-wkÿv 2030 w÷qvwis KwgwU, êwk¦K wkÿv mfv, AvÂwjK

mfv Ges GbwRI‡ì mvgwóK msMVb| g‡b Kiv nq, w÷qvwis KwgwUi `vwqZ¡ nj

†`k¸wj‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb, Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZi mgxÿv Ges mn‡hvMx‡ì Kv‡Ri mgš^q mva‡b

Drmvn `vb| wkÿv Lv‡Zi cÖavb eûLvZwfwËK mn‡hvwMZvi ms¯’v-Ôwkÿvi Rb¨ êwk¦K

mn‡hvwMZvÕ ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Zi mn‡hvwMZvi wewfbœ ms¯’v, †hgb h²vi Rb¨ †Møvevj dvÛ, GBWm, g¨v‡jwiqv Ges GAVI, hviv †ek

fvj A‡¼i A_© msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K wkL‡Z cv‡i| bZzb MwVZ Education Cannot Wait ms¯’vi jÿ¨ nj,

msNl©, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM Ges gnvgvixi Avµg‡Y ÿwZMÖ¯Í‡ì wkÿvi Rb¨ A_©msMÖn|

m~Î: OECD †µwWUi wi‡cvwU©s wm‡÷g DcvË (2016) Ges wkÿv wel‡q

êwk¦K AmgZv DcvË fvÐv‡ii wfwË‡Z wRBGm cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0

25 50 75 100

¯‹zj-eqmx wkïcÖwZ

†gŠwjK

wkÿ

vq †gvU mnvqZ

v

(aªæeK

2014 gvwK

©b Wjvi)

†gŠwiZvwbqv

wPÎ 6

†gŠwjK wkÿvq mnvqZv cÖ‡qvR‡bi m‡½ hy³ bq

¯‹zj-eqmx wkïcÖwZ (2014) Ges cÖv_wgK mgvcbx nv‡i (2008-2014) †gŠwjK wkÿvq

me©‡gvU mnvqZv

wZgyi-‡jm&‡U

AvdMvwb¯Ívb

cÖv_wgK mgvcbx nvi (%)

†m‡bMvj

DMvÛv

bvBRvi

Pv`

nvBwZ

bvwgweqv

g‡½vwjqv

jvB‡ewiqv


2030 Ges Zvici êwk¦K wkÿvi DËi‡Yi

Awf‡ÿc

wRBGg 2016 Ggb GKUv Awf‡ÿcY wb‡`©k Ki‡Q †h, 2030

mvj bvMv` me©Rbxb gva¨wgK [wkÿv] ¯Íi mgvcb Kiv hv‡e| GRb¨

G‡Z êwk¦Kfv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj DcvË Ges cwikxwjZ c×wZ eënvi

Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi evZ©vwU Lye KwVb: êwk¦K wkÿv cÖwZkÖæwZ

cvj‡b/AR©‡b/ev¯Íevq‡b c„w_exi 50 eQi wej¤ ^ n‡e| eZ©gvb

cÖeYZvi wfwË‡Z me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK ¯Íi mgvcbx AwR©Z n‡e 2042

mv‡j; me©Rbxb wb¤œ gva¨wgK mgvcbx AwR©Z n‡e 2059 mv‡j Ges

me©Rbxb D”P gva¨wgK mgvcbx AwR©Z n‡e 2084 mv‡j| Lye Mwie

†`k¸wj AwaKZi abx †`k¸wji †P‡q Av‡iv 100 eQi c‡i me©Rbxb

cÖv_wgK mgvcbx AR©b Ki‡e| cÖavb wm×všÍ nj, wb¤œ I ga¨g Av‡qi

†`k¸wj‡Z GmwWwR-i PvjwP‡Î c~‡e©i cÖeYZv wePv‡i GK Af~Zc~e©

av°v w`‡Z n‡e, Z‡eB hw` 4.1 Kg©cwiwa AR©b m¤¢e nq|

Dbœqb AR©‡b djvd‡ji c~e©vfvm

cÖ‡ÿc‡Yi cÖqv‡m Ggb †evSv hv‡”Q †h, GmwWwRi wkÿv Awfjÿ¨

nqZ c~iY Kiv hv‡e bv, wKš‘ wKQyUv AMÖMwZI c‡ii cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨

cv_©K¨ M‡o w`‡Z cv‡i| wKfv‡e wkÿvi m¤cÖmvi GmwWwR-i Ab¨vb¨

j‡ÿ¨ Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i? wRBGg wi‡cvU© †`Lv‡”Q †h, wkÿv

wKfv‡e gvby‡li Rxeb euvPv‡Z cv‡i (wkïg„Zzï nvi n«vm K‡i Ges

eq¯‹‡ì Avqy e„w× K‡i)| gvbyl I †`k‡K `vwi`ª¨mxgvi Ic‡i wb‡q

Avm‡Z cv‡i (Mo RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× e„w× K‡i Ges Pig `vwi`ª¨

n«vm K‡i) Ges `y‡h©v‡Mi AmnvqZ¡ Kwg‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i|

2030 mvj bvMv` me©Rbxb D”P gva¨wgK mgvcbx mve-mvnvivb

Avwd«Kvi g„Zz¨nv‡i we‡kl cwieZ©b Avb‡e| Gi d‡j 2030 bvMv`

wkï R‡b¥i cÖwZ nvRv‡i g„Zz¨nvi 68 †_‡K 54-‡Z K‡g Avm‡e Ges

2050 mv‡j GB nvi 51 †_‡K K‡g ùvov‡e 38-G| †h‡nZz

Rb‡Mvôx-wfwËK c`‡ÿc I ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v I AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g

wkï¯^v‡¯’ï Dbœqb N‡U, ZvB †h msL¨v cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q, wkï g„Zz¨

Zvi †P‡qI n«vm †c‡Z cv‡i|

kª‡gi Drcv`bkxjZv evwo‡q Ges cÖhyw³MZ Dbœqb I eënvi

Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i wkÿv RbcÖwZ Avq e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i| wb¤œ Av‡qi

†`k¸wj‡Z D”P gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii mgvcb hw` me©Rbxb Kiv hvq,

Zvn‡j 2050 mvj bvMv` RbcÖwZ Avq evo‡e 75%| hw` 2030

bvMv` AwZ `vwi`ª¨ wbim‡b GmwWwR-i 4.1 Awfjÿ¨ Avkve¨ÄKfv‡e

AwR©Z bvI nq, Zvn‡j `vwi`ª¨ wbimb 10 eQi Av‡M NU‡e|

33

cÖ‡ÿcY: wkÿvi m¤úªmvi †UKmB

Dbœq‡bi djvdj‡K wKfv‡e

cÖfvweZ Ki‡e?

wPÎ 7:

AZxZ cÖeYZvi wePv‡i wb¤œ I ga¨g Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z 2030

mvjbvMv` GgbwK me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK mgvcbxI AwR©Z n‡e bv|

15 †_‡K 19 eQi eqmxi wkÿv Ges †`‡ki Av‡qi ¯Í‡ii wfwË‡Z

cÖ‡ÿwcZ AR©b

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

2080

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

2080

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

2080

m~Î: evivKvZ (2016)

100

75

50

25

0

100

75

50

25

0

100

75

50

25

0

cÖv_wgK wkÿv

cÖv_wg‡K

A

R©‡bi nvi (%

)

wb¤œ gva¨wg‡K

A

R©‡bi nvi (%

)

D”P gva¨wg‡K

A

R©‡bi nvi (%

)

D”P gva¨wgK wkÿv

wb¤œ Avq

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq

D”P ga¨g Avq

D”P Avq

wb¤œ gva¨wgK wkÿv

34


ÒbZzb †UKmB Dbœqb

G‡RÛvi mc‡ÿ wkÿvi

iƒcvšÍix êwkó¨ AR©‡b

ÔwbqggvwdK wkÿvÕ Avi

h‡_ó bq|

Ó

wkÿv `y‡h©vMRwbZ g„Zz¨ n«vm K‡i| KviY, wkwÿZ e¨w³iv SuywK wel‡q A‡bK m‡PZb nb, Zviv AwaKZi cÖ¯‘wZ I mwVK wm×všÍ

wb‡Z cv‡ib| G‡Z `y‡h©v‡Mi c‡i Mo ÿqÿwZ Kg nq| hw` 2030 bvMv` me©Rbxb gva¨wgK wkÿv AR©b Kiv hvq, †m‡ÿ‡Î

2000 †_‡K 2010 mv‡j 250,000 g„Zzï Zzjbvq 2040-50 mvj †_‡K cÖwZ `k‡K `y‡h©vMRwbZ Kvi‡Y g„Zzï msL¨v K‡g

Avm‡e 10,000 †_‡K 20,000 ch©šÍ| hw` `y‡h©v‡Mi cybive„wËi nvi AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K, Zvn‡j †h‡nZz Gwkqv AÂ‡j me©vwaK

msL¨K gvbyl evm K‡i Ges me‡P‡q Amnvq e¨w³iv DcK~jxq AÂ‡j evm K‡i, ZvB me©Rbxb gva¨wgK wkÿv GB AÂ‡ji

`y‡h©vMRwbZ g„Zzï †ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e kw³kvjx f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv Ges †UKmwnZv: Avgiv wK Rvwb Ges

wK Avgv‡ì Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb

Av‡Mi As‡k wkÿv I †UKmB Dbœq‡bi g‡a¨ wewea †hv‡Mi welq Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q cÖv_wgK I

gva¨wgK wkÿv mgvc‡bi mydj AZ¨šÍ kw³kvjx Ges Zv ïay e¨w³i Rb¨ bq, cwievi, Rb‡Mvôx Ges Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi RbÏ

cÖ‡hvR¨| wkwÿZ bvix cyiæ‡li msL¨v †ewk nIqv gv‡b cwi‡ekMZfv‡e AwaK m‡PZb gvbyl, hviv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi

†gvKv‡ejvq `„p Ae¯’vb wb‡Z cv‡i, hviv AwaK Drcv`bkxj Ges AwaK DcvR©bmÿg, ¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxebhvc‡b AwaK `ÿ,

ivRbxwZ mswkøó Ges wb‡R‡ì Rxe‡bi Ici Zv‡ì wbqš¿Y AwaK| bvix I evwjKv‡ì wkwÿZ K‡i †Zvjvi myweav AmsL¨

Ges Zv cÖRb¥všÍ‡i evwnZ nq|

êwk¦K weeZ©b wkÿvi cÖfve‡K cv‡ë w`‡”Q, Ggb GKUv D‡ØM i‡q‡Q| D`vniY¯îƒc ejv hvq, wek¦ A_©bxwZ KwZcq e¨w³‡K

AMva m¤ú‡ì gvwjK evwb‡q‡Q, wKš‘ AmsL¨ gvbyl †cQ‡b c‡o Av‡Q| Zv‡ì Rxeb I RxweKv A_©‰bwZK ¯’vbPz¨wZ ev

weiwZnxb `vwi`ª¨ A_ev GB Df‡qi Rb¨B wbtmnvq n‡q c‡o‡Q| A_©‰bwZK g›`v ivR‰bwZK

wbivcËvnxbZv Ges msNl© evwo‡q †Zv‡j, d‡j eû gvbyl‡K ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡Z nq| Rjevqy

cwieZ©b I cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M ev¯‘Pz¨Z nevi d‡j †`‡ki mKj ZiæY‡K AšÍZ 12 eQi wkÿv

`vb cÖKí I Rxebe¨vcx wkÿvi Rb¨ h‡_ó my‡hvM m„wói cÖ‡Póv SuywK‡Z c‡o hvq|

bZzb †UKmB Dbœqb G‡RÛvi mc‡ÿ wkÿvi iƒcvšÍix êwkó¨ AR©‡b ÔwbqggvwdK wkÿvÕ Avi

h‡_ó bq| wkÿv wPšÍv Kivi ÿgZv evov‡e, †h wPšÍv m¤úK©-m„RbKvix, msnwZg~jK,

mgvbyf~wZkxj, AbygvbcÖeY Ges myweb¨¯Í| ¯‹zj n‡q DV‡e †UKmwnZvi weKv‡k `„óvšÍg~jK

GK ¯’vb-hv AšÍfy©w³g~jK, MYZvwš¿K, ¯^v¯’¨Ki Ges Kve©biwnZ-hv GmwWwR AR©‡bi wfwË

M‡o Zzj‡e|

wbæwjwLZ mycvwikgvjv †_‡K †evSv hv‡e, wKfv‡e wkÿveë¯’v †UKmB Dbœq‡b Kvh©Ki Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i|

mKj †ÿ‡Î Ges mn‡hvMx‡ì g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZv I kw³mgš^q mg_©b Ki‡Z n‡e| †h‡nZz c×wZMZ mgvav‡b ìKvi

eû‡ÿwÎK Askx`vi Ges wewPÎ †cÖÿvcU, ZvB mKj mn‡hvMx‡K mswkøó Kivi Rb¨ `„pZi cÖ‡Póv wb‡Z n‡e, hvi g‡a¨

_vK‡e gš¿Yvjqmg~n, wkÿv we‡klÁMY Ges mykxj mgvR Ges Zv n‡Z n‡e ¯’vbxq Ges RvZxq ¯Í‡i Ges wewfbœ Lv‡Zi

g‡a¨|

AvšÍtLvZ mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejv cÖ‡Póvq miKvi‡K AvbyôvwbK Ges DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv Ges cÖwkÿY‡K cÖavb PvweKvwV wn‡m‡e

†`L‡Z n‡e| mKj †ÿ‡Î `ÿZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ wkÿv‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| A‡bK¸wj GmwWwR

Awfj‡ÿï Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb we‡klvwqZ `ÿZv Ges cvi`wk©Zv Ges wkÿvi gva¨‡gB Zv cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv Av‡qi êlg¨ Kgv‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Zv ïay wb‡Ri kw³‡Z m¤¢e bq| cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q hw` gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK I

gva¨wgK wkÿvi AwfMg¨Zv ev‡o, Zvn‡j fvj DcvR©b wbwðZ Kiv hvq Ges G‡Z êlgÏ n«vm cv‡e| kªg evRv‡ii

wbqgbxwZ I cÖhyw³‡Z cwieZ©b †hb ¯^í wbivc` Kv‡R, we‡klZ AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z kªwgK‡ì ¯^v_© ÿzYœ bv K‡i |

wkÿveë¯’vi Rb¨ ewa©Z I c~e©-wba©vwiZ A_©vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb, hv‡Z (K) cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿvi mgvcb‡K me©Rbxb K‡i

†Zvjv hvq (L) my‡hvM¨, IqvwKenvj Ges cÖ‡Yv`bvmg„× wkÿ‡Ki msL¨v evov‡bv hvq (M) cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ gvbm¤§Z

wkÿvi eë¯’v Kiv hvq Ges (N) Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejv Ges AbywgZ msN‡l©i m¤¢vebvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _vKv hvq|

35


b¨vh¨Zvi Dbœqb

we‡klZ †g‡q‡ì Rb¨, me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK Ges gva¨wgK wkÿv bvix‡ì ¯^vwaKvi Ges wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Dbœq‡b Acwinvh©|

GB Awfjÿ¨ AwR©Z n‡j RbmsL¨v e„w× n«vm cv‡e, mvgvwRK AvPiY I Abykxjbx‡Z cwieZ©b m~wPZ n‡e cÖRb¥všÍ‡i Ges

GB MÖ‡ni Ici fvi mxwgZ _vK‡e|

msL¨vjNy, kiYv_©x Ges Af¨šÍixYfv‡e ev¯‘Pz¨Z e¨w³‡ì K_v g‡b †i‡L †h wkÿv bxwZgvjv MÖnY Kiv n‡e, Zv‡Z wkÿvi

Rb¨ h_vh_ fvlv Ges cÿcvZnxb wkÿvµg I wkÿv DcKi‡Yi Ici AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| †hme †`‡k AwaK Abycv‡Z

b„ZvwË¡K msL¨vjNy Ges kiYv_x© Av‡Q, †mLv‡b h_vh_ fvlvi `ÿ I †hvM¨ wkÿK‡ì GKUv ZvwjKv ev cyj cÖYqb Ki‡Z

n‡e|

bMi cwiKíbvq wkÿv‡K hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e, MÖvgvÂj‡K D‡cÿv Ki‡j Pj‡e bv| Ab¨vb¨ cÖv_wgK †mev`v‡bi m‡½

ew¯Íevmx‡ì Rb¨ wkÿv cwiKíbvI Riæwi| gvby‡li my‡hvM-myweav Ges †hvM¨ wkÿ‡Ki g‡a¨ mylg eÈb _vK‡Z n‡e Ges

¯‹zj¸‡jv‡K wbivc` I msNl©iwnZ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| †jvKmsL¨v n«vmgvb MÖvg GjvKvq Ges MÖvgxY ¯‹zj cÖwZôvi Rb¨

g‡bv‡hvMx cwiKíbv Ges Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖnY ìKvi|

wkÿvi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ª cwieZ©b

`ÿZv bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡b wkÿveë¯’vq ga¨ I `xN© †gqv`x cÖ‡qvRbwfwËK Ges †UKmB cÖe„w×i wbwnZv_©‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡Z

n‡e| cÖ‡qvRb nj, wkÿv_©x‡ì meyR `ÿZv wkÿY; kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ cybtcÖwkÿY Ges `ÿZv e„w×; gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿvi

wkÿvµ‡g cwieZ©b| eëmv I wkí Lv‡Zi m‡½ AwaKZi mn‡hvwMZv wkÿvi cÖvmw½KZv I gvb Dbœqb Ki‡e|

GmwWwR-i MwZkxjZvi Rb¨ †cŠi, kvwšÍ Ges †UKmwnZv wkÿv nj ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mÂvjK| Kvh©Kifv‡e Zv ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j

GKwU AwaKZi mgZvm~PK wePvi eë¯’v, wePvi I AvB‡bi cÖ‡qv‡Mi `ÿZv, n«¯^ msNl©cÖeY Ges AwaKZi MVbg~jK

mgvR wbg©vY, ms¯‹…wZ, A_©bxwZ Ges cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mg‡SvZv Ges fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i fv‡M¨vbœq‡b Kvh©vewji

AMÖvwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e|

†UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvq wkÿv cwiexÿ‡Yi P¨v‡jÄmg~n

10wU Awfjÿ¨mn GmwWwR-i 4 msL¨K jÿ¨ AvMvgx 15 eQ‡ii Rb¨ D”PvKv•ÿvi Ggb ¯Íi‡K g~Z© K‡i †Zv‡j hv c~‡e©i †h

†Kvb wkÿv Pzw³‡K AwZµg K‡i hvq| wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b 2030 G‡RÛv Abyhvqx wkÿvi AMÖMwZ I cwiexÿ‡Yi P¨v‡jÄmg~n

Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| GwU GmwWwR 4-Gi mKj Awfjÿ¨‡K we‡kølY K‡i‡Q- †h¸‡jvi K‡qKwU `ye©jfv‡e cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q- Zv Qvov GUv

h_vµwgK wb‡`©kKmg~‡ni cwiexÿ‡Y KvwiMwi P¨v‡jÄmg~n Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| h_vh_, wek¦vm‡hvM¨ Ges Zzjbxq, cwigvcK DcKiY

ˆZwi Kivi wewfbœ cÖqvm‡KI GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b cixÿv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b GB cÖkœ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q †h, êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ AMÖvwaKvi wK wK Ges †Kvb †Kvb †`‡k ev ms¯’vq

cwim¤ú‡ì Ici †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e| GUv cÖvwZôvwbK, ivR‰bwZK Ges KvwiMwi cUf~wg we‡kølY K‡i‡Q, hvi g‡a¨

wb‡`©kKmg~n‡K cwigvc Kiv hv‡e|

wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡bi f~wgKv

wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b GBUv‡K Aek¨cvjbxq welq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q †h, AvšÍR©vwZK m¤cÖ`vq †hb eyS‡Z cv‡i we‡k¦ wkÿv

Ges Rxebe¨vcx wkLb wb‡q †Kvb AMÖMwZ n‡”Q wKbv Ges n‡j wKfv‡e n‡”Q| hLb g‡b Kiv n‡”Q †h, EFA êwk¦K cwiexÿY

cÖwZ‡e`b Zvi `vwqZ¡ c~iY K‡i‡Q, †mB mgq cy‡iv wPÎUv `ªæZ e`‡j hv‡”Q, KviY 2030 G‡RÛv Zvi ewa©Z Kg©cwiwai Øviv

bZzb P¨v‡j‡Äi m„wó K‡i‡Q|

36


wkÿvi Rb¨ GmwWwR-i 4 msL¨K j‡ÿï †cÖÿvc‡U Awfjÿ¨ Ges cÖ¯ÍvweZ êwk¦K/g~j fvebvi wb‡`©kK iƒc‡iLv

jÿ¨ 4. AšÍf©yw³g~jK Ges mgZvm~PK gvbm¤§Z wkÿv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mevi Rb¨ Rxebe¨vcx wkL‡bi my‡hvM e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.1 mKj evjK-evwjKv †hb webv e¨‡q mgZvm~PK Ges gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿv cvq hv Zv‡ì cÖvmw½K Ges Kvh©Ki

wkLb djvdj AR©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e Ges 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

1. wkï I Kgeqmx‡ì kZKiv nvi (K) 2/3 †kªYx (L) cÖv_wg‡Ki me‡k‡l (M) wb¤œ gva¨wg‡Ki †k‡l hviv AšÍZ me©wb¤œ †hvM¨Zv AR©b

K‡i‡Q (A) cV‡b (Av) A‡¼, †RÛv‡ii wn‡m‡e [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.1.1]

2. RvZxqfv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK wkLb g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvM (K) cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i (L) cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii †k‡l Ges (M) wb¤œ gva¨wg‡Ki †k‡l

3. me©‡kl ¯Í‡ii †gvU fwZ©i AbycvZ (cÖv_wgK, wb¤œ gva¨wgK)

4. mgvcbx nvi (cÖv_wgK, wb¤œ gva¨wgK Ges D”P gva¨wgK)

5. we`¨vjq-ewnf©~Z [wkÿv_©xi] nvi (cÖv_wgK, wb¤œ gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK)

6. ¯ÍiwfwËK †ewk eqmx wkï‡ì kZKiv nvi (cÖv_wgK, wb¤œ gva¨wgK)

7. †gvU eQ‡ii msL¨v (K) A‰eZwbK (L) AvBb-KvVv‡gvq wbwðZK…Z eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK Ges gva¨wgK wkÿv

Awfjÿ¨ 4.2. 2030 mvj bvMv` mKj †Q‡j-†g‡qi gvbm¤§Z cÖvK-ˆkke Dbœqb, cÖhZœ Ges cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z

Zv‡ì‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvq|

8. 5 eQ‡ii wb‡P †hme wkï †e‡o IVvi w`K †_‡K mwVK c‡_ Av‡Q, ¯^v¯’¨, wkLb Ges g‡bvmvgvwRK my¯’Zvi w`K †_‡K †RÛvi wn‡m‡e,

Zv‡ì AbycvZ [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.2.1]

9. 5 eQ‡ii wb‡P †hme wkï hviv evwo‡Z BwZevPK I DÏxcK cwi‡ek cvq, Zv‡ì kZKiv nvi

10. mymsMwVZ wkL‡b AskMÖn‡Yi nvi (AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖv_wgK wkÿvq fwZ© nevi GK eQi Av‡M), †RÛvi wn‡m‡e [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.2.2]

11. †gvU cÖvK-cÖv_wgK fwZ©i AbycvZ

12. †gvU eQi (K) A‰eZwbK Ges (L) AvBbMZ KvVv‡gvq wbwðZ eva¨Zvg~jK cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv

Awfjÿ¨ 4.3 2030 mvj bvMv` mKj bvix-cyiæ‡li mvg‡_©ï g‡a¨ gvbm¤§Z KvwiMwi, e„wËg~jK Ges wek¦we`¨vjq ch©vqmn D”Pwkÿvq mgvb

AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

13. D”Pwkÿvi Rb¨ †gvU fwZ©i AbycvZ

14. KvwiMwi-e„wËg~jK wkÿv Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi nvi (15 †_‡K 24 eQi eqm ch©šÍ)

15. AvbyôvwbK, DcvbyôvwbK Ges c~‡e©i 12 gv‡m ZiæY Ges eq¯‹‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖn‡Yi nvi, †RÛvi wn‡m‡e [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.3.1]

Awfjÿ¨ 4.4 2030 mvj bvMv` †hme ZiæY I eq¯‹‡ì KvwiMwi Ges e„wËg~jK `ÿZvmn cÖvmw½K †hvM¨Zv Av‡Q, Zv‡ì K‡g© wb‡qvM, fvj

KvR Ges D‡`¨v³v nevi msL¨v A_©enfv‡e e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|

16.1 †hme ZiY ev eq¯‹ e¨w³ AšÍZ cÖhyw³MZ mvÿiZv `ÿZvq me©wb¤œ ¯Í‡ii †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì kZKiv nvi

16.2 ZiæY I eq¯‹ hviv `ÿZvi ai‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³‡Z `ÿ Zv‡ì kZKiv nvi [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.4.1]

17. eq‡mi avc, A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ði Ae¯’v, wkÿvi ¯Íi Ges Kg©m~wP Awf‡hvR‡bi wfwË‡Z ZiæY/eq¯‹‡ì AR©‡bi nvi

Awfjÿ¨ 4.5 2030 mvj bvMv` wkÿvq †RÛvi êlg¨ `~i Ki‡Z n‡e Ges `ye©j, cÖwZeÜx e¨w³, b„ZvwË¡K †Mvôx Ges wecbœ Ae¯’vq cwZZ

wkï‡ì AšÍf©y³ K‡i mK‡ji mKj ¯Í‡ii wkÿv I e„wËg~jK cÖwkÿ‡Y mgvb my‡hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

(Z_¨ cÖvße¨ Ggb bvix/cyiæl, MÖvgxY/kû‡i, D”P/wb¤œ m¤ú‡ì cwigvc Ges Ab¨vb¨ †hgb, cÖwZewÜZvi Ae¯’v, b„ZvwË¡K †Mvôx Ges msN‡l©

AvµvšÍ e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î) ZvwjKvfy³ wkÿvi wb‡`©kK‡ì mgZvi m~PK we-mgwóKiY Kiv hvq [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.5.1]

18. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †h wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖ_g/evwoi fvlv I wkL‡bi fvlv Awfbœ Zv‡ì kZKiv fvM

19. †Kvb mxgv ch©šÍ cÖKvk¨ ixwZ-wfwËK bxwZ myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ wkÿv cwim¤ú` cybe©ivÏ Ki‡Z cv‡i

ÒwRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡bi

`vq nj, wkÿv I Rxebe¨vcx

wkL‡b c„w_ex‡Z wK DbœwZ

n‡”Q ev Av‡`Š n‡”Q wK bv,

Zv Zz‡j aiv|

Ó

e·-1

cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡`©k‡Ki GKwU †mU ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q (e· 1) hwÌ †m¸wj cwigvc Kivi c×wZ GLb

Dbœqb Kiv n‡”Q| A‡bK¸wj wb‡`©kK cÖ‡Z¨K Awfj‡ÿï aviYv‡K AvswkKfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ K‡i gvÎ|

Awfjÿ¨ cwigvc I cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ RvZxq I AvÂwjK ch©v‡q weKí c_ LuyR‡Z n‡e|

AvMvgx eQi¸wj‡Z wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b wkÿvq êwk¦K AMÖMwZ wel‡q mvgwMÖK `„wófw½ MÖnY Ki‡e| †mRb¨

cÖvße¨ wb‡`©kK eënvi Kiv n‡e, Zv‡ì Dc‡hvwMZv cixÿv Kiv n‡e, †h Drm †_‡K †bqv n‡”Q Zvi ¸YMZ

gvb ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e, mvÿ¨cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb aviv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e Ges DrK‡l©i Rb¨ AwfgZ cÖ`vb Kiv

n‡e|

37


20. wkÿvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkÿv_©xcÖwZ wkÿv LiP Ges Li‡Pi Drm

21. wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wji Rb¨ eivÏ †gvU mvnv‡hï kZKiv nvi

Awfjÿ¨ 4.6 2030 mvj bvMv` mKj ZiæY Ges eq¯‹‡ì eo Ask, bvix-cyiæl wbwe©‡k‡l, hv‡Z mvÿiZv I msL¨vÁvb AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i,

Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

22. wbw`©ó eqmx RbmsL¨v hviv (K) mvÿiZv Ges (L) msL¨vÁvb `ÿZv wel‡q AšÍZ KvR Pvjv‡bvi gZ wba©vwiZ ¯Í‡ii `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡e

Zv‡ì kZKiv nvi [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.6.1]

23. ZiY/eq¯‹‡ì mvÿiZv nvi

24. mvÿiZv Kg©m~wP‡Z ZiæY/eq¯‹‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi nvi

Awfjÿ¨ 4.7 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h, †UKmB Dbœqb DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ mKj wkÿv_©x †hb cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb I `ÿZv

AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨vb¨ welqmn hvi g‡a¨ _vK‡e †UKmB Dbœqb I RxebcÖYvjxi wkÿv, gvbevwaKvi, †RÛvi mgZv, kvwšÍ I AwnsmZvi

mvs¯‹…wZK êwP‡Îï †eva Ges †UKmB Dbœq‡b ms¯‹…wZi Ae`vb wel‡q Dcjwä|

25. †Kvb mxgv ch©šÍ (1) wek¦ bvMwiK‡Z¡i wkÿv (2) †RÛvi mgZv Ges gvbevwaKvi AšÍf©y³ K‡i †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv mKj ¯Í‡i

g~j‡mªv‡Zi g‡a¨ Avbv n‡”Q, †hgb (K) RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ (L) wkÿvµg (M) wkÿK-wkÿY (N) wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.7.1]

26. wek¦ bvMwiKZ¡ Ges †UKmwnZvi wewfbœ mgm¨v wel‡q h‡_ó †eva Av‡Q Ggb wkÿv_©x‡ì eqm (ev wkÿvi ¯Íi) Abymv‡i kZKiv nvi

27. cwi‡ekweÁvb Ges f~weÁvb wel‡q cvi`k©x 15 eQi eqmx wkÿv_©x‡ì kZKiv nvi

28. Rxeb `ÿZvwfwËK GBPAvBwf Ges †hŠbZvwelqK wkÿv cÖ`vb K‡i Ggb ¯‹z‡ji kZKiv nvi

29. †Kvb mxgv ch©šÍ gvbevwaKvi wkÿv wel‡q wek¦ Kg©m~wPi iƒc‡iLv RvZxq ch©v‡q ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q (UNGA wm×všÍ 59/113 Abyhvqx)

Awfjÿ¨ 4.K wkï, cÖwZeÜx Ges †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj wkÿv hv mK‡ji Rb¨ wbivc`, Awnsm, AšÍfy©w³g~jK Ges Kvh©Ki wkLb cwi‡ek ˆZwi

K‡i, Zv M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e I nvjbvMv` Ki‡Z n‡e|

30-32. †hme ¯‹z‡j (K) we`y¨r (L) wkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ B›Uvi‡bU (M) wkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi (N) cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv

AeKvVv‡gv I DcKiY (O) †gŠwjK cvbxq Rj (P) †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Rb¨ c„_K cqwb®‹vkb myweavw` (Q) †gŠwjK nvZ †avqvi myweav (cvwb,

cqwb®‹vkb I ¯^v¯’¨ (WASH) welq wb‡`©kK msÁv Abyhvqx) Av‡Q, †m¸‡jvi kZKiv nvi [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.K.1]

33. fq, KwVb kvw¯Í, nqivwb, mwnsmZv, †hŠb êlg¨ Ges Acgv‡bi wkKvi nq Ggb wkÿv_©xi kZKiv nvi

34. wkÿv_x©, Kg©x Ges cÖwZôv‡bi Ici AvNv‡Zi msL¨v

Awfjÿ¨ 4.L 2020 mv‡ji g‡a¨ êwk¦K ch©v‡q DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj †`‡k wkÿve„wËi msL¨v A‡bK evov‡Z n‡e, Dbœqbkxj Ges we‡klZ

¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸wji Rb¨, Dbœqbkxj ÿz`ªvKvi Øxc ivóª I Avwd«Kvi †`kmg~‡ni Rb¨| D”Pwkÿv, e„wËg~jK cÖwkÿY, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³,

KvwiMwi, cÖ‡KŠkj I êÁvwbK Kg©m~wP‡Z GBme †`‡ki wkÿv_©x‡ì fwZ© evov‡Z n‡e|

35. myweav‡fvMx †`‡k D”P wkÿvq cÖ`Ë e„wËi msL¨v

36. LvZ Ges wkÿvi aib Abyhvqx AvbyôvwbK Dbœqb wn‡m‡e cÖ`Ë e„wËi msL¨v/AvKvi [êwk¦K wb‡`©kK 4.L.1]

Awfjÿ¨ 4.M 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Dbœqbkxj †`‡k, we‡klZ ¯^‡ívbœZ Ges Dbœqbkxj ÿz`ª Øxc iv‡óª wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Y AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZvq

A_©en msL¨vq †hvM¨ wkÿ‡Ki mieivn evov‡Z n‡e|

37. wkÿvi ¯Íi Ges cÖwZôv‡bi aib Abyhvqx RvZxq gv‡bi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z †hvM¨ wkÿ‡Ki kZKiv nvi

38. wkÿvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkÿK-wkÿv_©x AbycvZ

39 †Kvb we‡kl †`‡k (K) cÖvK-cÖv_wgK (L) cÖv_wgK (M) wb¤œ gva¨wgK Ges (N) D”P gva¨wgK wkÿvq †hme wkÿK PvKzwi-c~e© ev

PvKzwiKvjxb AšÍZ me©wb¤œ ch©v‡qi wkÿK cÖwkÿY (h_v, wkÿYcÖYvjx) †c‡q‡Qb hv cÖvmw½K ¯Í‡i cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb, Ggb wkÿ‡Ki

AbycvZ

40. wkÿvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkÿv_©x I cÖwkwÿZ wkÿ‡Ki AbycvZ

41. Zzjbxq ¯Í‡ii wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zvq Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi e¨w³‡ì m‡½ wkÿK‡ì †eZ‡bi Mo

42. wkÿvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkÿKZv Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvevi nvi

43. cÖwkÿ‡Yi aib Abyhvqx weMZ 12 gv‡m †hme wkÿK PvKzwiKvjxb cÖwkÿY †c‡q‡Qb, Zvi kZKiv nvi

m~Î: BD‡bm‡Kv (2016), wkÿv 2030 BbwPqb †NvlYv Ges Kg©cwiKíbv; AšÍf©yw³g~jK Ges gvbm¤§Z mylg wkÿv Ges mevi Rb¨ Rxebe¨vcx wkÿv, c¨vwim,

BD‡bm‡Kv

e·-1

38


Sustainable Development Goal 4.1

Awfjÿ¨ 4.1 me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿv mgvcb‡K cÖvmw½K I Kvh©Ki wkL‡bi c_ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i| GB

Awfj‡ÿï AMÖMwZ‡K GmwWwR-i cÖwZ miKvi Ges AvšÍR©vwZK m¤cÖ`v‡qi `vqe×Zvi c‡_ ¸iæZ¡en c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e †`Lv

nq| GB Awfj‡ÿï mgv‡jvPKiv g‡b K‡ib, me©Rbxb D”P gva¨wgK mgvcbxi cÖwZ †SuvK, mevi Rb¨ AšÍZ bq eQ‡ii

†gŠwjK wkÿvi AMÖvwaKvi †_‡K `„wó mwi‡q †`q|

AwfMg¨Zv, AskMÖnY Ges mgvcb

bZzb G‡RÛvi AwfMg¨Zvi wel‡q Mfxi cwiexÿY ìKvi| G‡RÛvq 2030 mvj bvMv` eZ©gvb wefvM Abyhvqx 12 eQ‡ii

wkÿvR©‡bi K_v ejv n‡jI GUv fyj‡j Pj‡e bv †h 25 wgwjqb wkï GgbwK ¯‹zjwkÿv ïiæB K‡i bv| wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wji

MwieZg cwiev‡ii wkï‡ì 30% KL‡bv ¯‹z‡jB hvq bv|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.1-G cÖv_wgK, wb¤œ gva¨wgK Ges GB cÖ_g D”P gva¨wgK wkÿvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 2014 mv‡j, cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj-

eqmx 91% wkï, wb¤œ gva¨wgK wkÿvi eqmx 84% wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix Ges 63% ZiæY D”P gva¨wgK ch©v‡q ¯‹z‡ji wkÿv_©x

wQj| GB cÖv°jb †_‡K †evSv hvq 263 wgwjqb wkÿv_©x ¯‹z‡ji evB‡i wQj: Zv‡ì g‡a¨ 61 wgwjqb cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq

Mg‡bvc‡hvMx, 60 wgwjqb D”P-gva¨wgK wkÿv jv‡fi eqmx Ges 142 wgwjqb D”P gva¨wgK wkÿv MÖn‡Yi eqmx|

cÖv_wgK I

gva¨wgK wkÿv

Awfjÿ¨ 4.1

wPÎ 8:

90 wU wb¤œ Ges ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡ki g‡a¨ 2 wU‡Z Ggb `wi`ªZg ZiæY RbmsL¨v i‡q‡Q hviv 12 eQ‡ii wkÿv †c‡q‡Q

20-24 eQi eqmxiv KZ eQ‡ii wkÿv jvf K‡i‡Q, m¤ú‡ì wnmv‡e, wbe©vwPZ †`kmg~n, 2008 Ges 2014

m~Î: Lvbv Rwic †_‡K wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY

bvBR

vi

`wÿ

Y my`vb

eyiwK

bv d

v‡mv

Avd

Mvwb¯Ívb

gvwj

Pv`

eyiæwÛ

Bw_I

wcqv

gv`vMv¯‹vi

†m‡bMvj

wmG

Avi

iæqvÛ

v

†gvR

vw¤^K

my`vb

Mvqvbv

wm‡qivwjI

b

‡ewbb

AvBfwi‡K

v÷

f‚Uvb

ZvbR

vwbqv

†gŠwiZ

vwbqv

cvwK

¯Ívb

gi‡°

v

`wÿ

Y Z

wg

Mvw¤^qv

jvB‡ewiqv

BivK

evsjv‡`k

gvjvqx

B‡q‡gb

DMvÛ

v

¸‡q‡Z

gvjv

†Uv‡Mv

K¨v‡gib

K‡¤^vwWqv

jvI

wcwWA

vi

†j‡m‡_v

bvB‡R

wiqv

†bcvj

wZ

‡gvi-‡jm‡_v

K‡gv‡ivm

wWA

vi K

‡½v

nvBwZ

nÛ

zivm

†ewjR

Rvw¤^qv

K‡½v

fviZ

†mvqvwR

j¨vÛ

M¨veb

mywibvg

bvwgweqv

†K

wbqv

Mvqvbv

Pxb

Kjw¤^qv

gvjØxc

Nvbv

†K

v÷

vwiK

v

B‡›`v‡bwkqv

Diæ¸‡q

wd

wjcvBb

ZvwR

wK

¯Ívb

wf‡qZ

bvg

Avj‡ewbqv

wR¤^vey‡q

ewjwfqv

†gw·

‡K

v

†WvwgbvK

vb cÖR

vZ

š¿

wZ

Dwbwmqv

†ciæ

wgki

g‡½vwjqv

cvbvgv

R¨vgvBK

v

BK

z‡qWi

Avi‡gwbqv

Av‡R

©w›Ubv

gj‡Wvfv cÖR

vZ

š¿

eviev‡WvR

wK

iwM¯Ívb

emwbqv/nv‡R

©‡Mvwfbv

R`©vb

†gwm‡Wvwbqv

c¨v‡j÷

vBb

†ejviæk

mvwe©qv

g‡›Uwb‡MÖv

KvR

vwK

¯Ívb

BD‡µ

b

KZ

eQ‡ii wkÿ

v

me‡P‡q abx

Mo m¤ú`

`wi`ªZg

15

12

9

6

3

0

39


Òeva¨Zvg~jK wkÿvi

DcvË cvIqv †M‡Q Ggb

190 †`‡ki 44wU‡Z

(23%) bq eQ‡ii Kg

mg‡qi Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK

wkÿv †`qv nq|

Ó

bZzb G‡RÛvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AMÖMwZ nj GUv AskMÖn‡Yi A‡cÿv mgvc‡bi Ici AwaK †Rvi w`‡”Q| 2008 †_‡K 2014 mvj

ch©šÍ, D”P ga¨g Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z cÖv_wgK mgvcbxi nvi wQj 92%, wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z Zv wQj 84% Ges wb¤œ

Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z Zv 51%; me‡k‡l, `wi`ªZg †g‡q‡ì †ejvq GUv wQj 25%| D”P gva¨wgK mgvc‡bi w`K †_‡K D”P

Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z Zv wQj 84%, D”P ga¨g Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z 43%, wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k 38% Ges wb¤œ Av‡qi †`‡k

14%| D”P Av‡qi †`‡ki g‡a¨ me‡P‡q abxI me©Rbxb mgvc‡b 93% AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z `wi`ªZg

†g‡qwkïi gvÎ 1% D”P gva¨wgK wkÿv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

eva¨Zvg~jK Ges webv e¨‡q wkÿv

cÖavb wb‡`©kKmg~‡ni Ab¨Zg nj KZ eQ‡ii (K) webv e¨‡q Ges (L) eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK

I gva¨wgK wkÿv hv AvBbMZ iƒc‡iLvq msiwÿZ| eva¨Zvg~jK wkÿvi DcvË cvIqv †M‡Q

Ggb 190 †`‡ki 44wU‡Z (23%) bq eQ‡ii Kg mg‡qi Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK wkÿv †`qv nq|

eQ‡ii w`K †_‡K gaëZ©x nj 10 eQ‡ii eva¨Zvg~jK wkÿv Ges 12 eQ‡ii webv e¨‡q

wkÿv| Z‡e Awfj‡ÿï AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z webv e¨‡q wkÿvi aviYv †ek

RwUj:GgbwK †hLv‡b wkÿv A‰eZwbK, †mLv‡bI cwievi‡K Ab¨vb¨ bvbv Li‡Pi fvi enb

Ki‡Z nq| cwievi‡K cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡i wkÿvi †gvU Li‡Pi †h Ask enb Ki‡Z nq, Zv †_‡K

GKUv fvj aviYv cvIqv hvq †h, †Kvb mxgv ch©šÍ webv e¨‡q wkÿv cÖvße¨|

gvb

†hme wb‡`©kK wkLbdj I mgZvi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z, †m¸‡jv Qvov cÖ¯ÍvweZ cwiexÿY iƒc‡iLvq, gv‡bi Ici †Zgb †Rvi †`qv

nqwb|

m~PKÁvcK iƒc‡iLv eënvi Kivi gva¨‡g gvb wel‡q Av‡jvPbvq `yÕwU welq‡K wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q: †kªwYK‡ÿi m‡½ hy³

†hvMvb Ges cÖwµqv| gvb wePv‡i cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki cÖvc¨Zv I eënvi LyeB Zvrch©en, wKš‘ ¯‹zj cwi`k©b Ges †kªwYKÿ wel‡q

ch©‡eÿY †_‡K †evSv hvq, AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖvß DcvË †Zgb wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq| Pv‡` wØZxq I lô †kªwY‡Z 90% fvM wkÿv_©x

cvV Ges A‡¼i †ejvq AšÍZ Av‡iv `yÕR‡bi m‡½ cvV¨cy¯ÍK fvM K‡i cov‡kvbv K‡i|

wkÿveë¯’vi Zzjbvi mgq †kªwYKÿ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi dj eënvi Kivi mc‡ÿ K_v ejv myweavRbK bq| wKš‘ e¨vcK I wbqwgZ

cwiexÿ‡Yi gva¨gmg~n bxwZwba©viK‡ì we‡ePbvi Rb¨ wkÿYcÖYvjx I wkÿY weÁv‡bi RwUj welq¸wj mvg‡b wb‡q Av‡m|

eªvwRj, Kjw¤^qv, nÛyivm, RvgvBKv Ges †ciæi 15,000 †kªwYK‡ÿi Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, wkÿKiv †kªwYK‡ÿ 60-65% mgq e¨q

K‡ib cvV wb‡`©kbvq, hv mycvwikK…Z 85%-Gi †P‡q A‡bKUv Kg| ZvB †hme gva¨g cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ Ges wek¦vm‡hvM¨, mwVK,

wgZe¨qx Ges mn‡R eënv‡ivc‡hvMx †m¸wji †LuvR Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

wkLbdj

wkLbd‡ji DrK‡l©i Rb¨, AMÖMwZ n‡”Q wK bv Zvi cÖwZdjb LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Aek¨ ÔcÖvmw½K I Kvh©Ki wkLbdjÕ Kv‡K

e‡j, wKfv‡e Zvi cwigvc Kiv hv‡e Ges wKfv‡e cÖvß djvdj eënvi Kiv hv‡e, †m wel‡q cÖkœ †_‡K †M‡Q|

cVb I A‡¼i `ÿZvi cwigv‡c cÖ¯ÍvweZ êwk¦K wb‡`©k‡Ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wkLbd‡ji welqe¯‘ I g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© HKgZ¨;

¸YMZ gv‡bi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZ‡e`bg~jK I mywbw`©ó wPývqb eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkLbdj cwigvcK: welqe¯‘i msÁvqb

cVb Ges A‡¼i gZ †ÿ‡Î me©wb¤œ `ÿZvi ¯Í‡ii msÁvq‡b Ges g~j¨vq‡b cÖ‡qvRb †gŠwjK w¯’wZgvc| wewfbœ wkÿvµ‡gi g‡a¨

wg‡ji ev AwfbœZvi RvqMv evi Ki‡Z n‡j wK NU‡e? wewfbœ wkÿvµ‡gi g‡a¨ wkL‡bi cÖZ¨vwkZ AMÖMwZ †Kgb n‡e? †Kvb

cÖkœ †_‡K †evSv hv‡e GKRb wkÿv_©x wbw`©ó GKUv gvb AR©b K‡i‡Q? wKfv‡e `ÿZvi wewfbœ ¯Íi‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡e?

weZwK©Z `yÕwU cÖ‡kœi g‡a¨ Uvbv‡cv‡ob Av‡Q| cÖ_gZ, ivR‰bwZK Ges KvwiMwi Kvi‡Y cVb I A¼ wel‡q wb‡Pi †kªwY‡Z

g~j¨vqbB wefw³m~PK| Zey GUv ev¯ÍweKfv‡e eo P¨v‡j‡Äi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i| 2012 mv‡j gvjqx‡Z

wØZxq †kªwYi 90% wkÿv_x© wP‡PIqv fvlvq GKUv kãI co‡Z cv‡iwb, PZz_© †kªwY‡Z cÖvq 40% wkÿv_x©I GKBfv‡e co‡Z

cv‡iwb|

40


ÒcÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv 49

†`‡k GUv eva¨Zvg~jK Ges

36 †`‡k GUv eva¨Zvg~jK

I LiPnxb|

Ó

wØZxqZ, cVb I msL¨vMYbvq cvi`wk©Zvi GB êwk¦K wb‡`©k‡K †Zv hviv ¯‹z‡ji evB‡i †_‡K †M‡Q Zv‡ì †Kvb ¯’vb †bB|

cvwK¯Ív‡bi MÖvgvÂ‡j `kg †kªwYi 89% wkÿv_x© wØZxq †kªwYi GKwU Mí D`©y, wmwÜ ev ckZz fvlvq co‡Z †c‡i‡Q, wKš‘ 14

eQi eqmx‡ì g‡a¨ gvÎ 64% Zv co‡Z †c‡iwQj|

wkLbdj cwigv‡ci DcKiY: g~j¨vq‡bi gvb wbwðZKiY

welqMZ GKwU wb‡`©kK nj, GKwU †`k cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Íi Pjgvb Ae¯’vq, cÖv_wgK ev wb¤œ gva¨wg‡Ki mgvcbx‡Z RvZxqfv‡e

cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK †Kvb wkLb g~j¨vqb Pvwj‡qwQj wK bv| g~j¨vq‡bi my¯úó gvb LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq| GKB m‡½ cÖ‡qvRb GKwU

kw³kvjx †KŠkj hv‡Z g~j¨vq‡bi gvb wbwðZ Kiv hvq|

g~j¨vqb gv‡bi `yBwU gvÎv cÖvmw½K: (K) GKwU mdj cÖvwZôvwbK cwi‡cÖwÿZ‡K †UKmwnZv Ges wkÿv eë¯’vi m‡½ kw³kvjx

†hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges (L) RvZxqfv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj g~j¨vqb mwVK I wek¦vm‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Zv bxwZwba©viK I

Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q cÖvmw½K Z_¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i| RvZxqfv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj g~j¨vqb‡K wkÿvi jÿ¨ I wkÿv_x©‡ì wkLb

D‡Ïk¨ Ges GKB m‡½ wkÿK‡ì †ckv`vwiZ¡ weKv‡ki my‡hv‡Mi m‡½ Awfbœ avivq hy³ _vK‡Z n‡e|

g~j¨vqb †h cwiexÿ‡Yi D‡Ï‡kï Rb¨ h_v_© Zv wbwðZ Kivi cÖ‡kœ `yÕwU mgm¨v D‡V Av‡m| cÖ_gZ AwZwi³ KwVb KvwiMwi

Pvwn`v eû †`‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxq `ÿZvi mxgvi evB‡i P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| Zvi d‡j GKUv †QvU †mev`vbKvix `j m‡e©v”P msL¨K

g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvq hy³ _v‡K, †`k¸wj‡Z Zvi ìKvi ev cÖvmw½KZvi cÖkœ †Zgb Avgj cvq bv| wØZxqZ, kªgmva¨ wkLb

g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq `ÿZv e„w× Ki‡Z †h cwim¤ú` cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv Lye Mfxi we‡ePbvi m‡½ eivÏ Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkLb d‡ji cwigvcK: wewfbœ g~j¨vqb †_‡K djvdj cÖwZ‡e`b

êwk¦K wfwË‡Z wkLbd‡ji cwigvcb ¯Íi (ev eqm) Ges welq Abyhvqx cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ`vb Ges wPývq‡bi Rb¨ mngZ cÖ‡qvRb|

GUvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi g~j¨vqb †_‡K GK †mU welq cÖYqb Kiv ìKvi, hv‡Z g~j¨vqbmg~n †m¸wji Av‡cwÿK mgm¨vi

we‡kølY Øviv mshy³ n‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov wewfbœ wel‡qi mshyw³ ïay GKwU KvwiMwi welq bq, Gi m‡½ wb‡`©k‡Ki AvKvw•ÿZ

D‡Ï‡kï †hvM Av‡Q|

êwk¦Kfv‡e Zzjbxq wkLbdj wb‡`©kKmg~n ïay êwk¦K cwiexÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i bv, Zv ˆ`wkK Pvwn`v‡KI MY¨ K‡i|

m¤cÖwZ cÖwZwôZ wkLb cwiexÿ‡Yi êwk¦K †RvU (Global Alliance to Monitor Learning) Ggb cÖ‡Póvq Df‡qi g‡a¨

m½wZ mva‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.2 mKj wkïi cÖvK-ˆkke hZœ I wkÿvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì mej wfwË iPbvq AvšÍR©vwZK m¤cÖ`v‡qi †K›`ªxq †SuvK‡K

cybcÖwZwôZ K‡i| Awfj‡ÿï g‡a¨ aviYvi cwiexÿ‡Y wZbwU P¨v‡jÄ Av‡Q: (K) GL‡bv ch©šÍ h‡_ó Z_¨ †bB †h, AšÍZ GK

eQ‡ii cÖvK-‰kke wkÿvi Rb¨ GKRb wkï KZUv jvfevb nq; (L) cÖ¯ÍvweZ wb‡`©kK gvb wbY©‡qi aviYv‡K aviY K‡i bv Ges

(M) hLb Awfjÿ¨ cÖvK-ˆkk‡ei cÖhZœ I wkÿv‡K †cwi‡q hvq, ZLb cieZx© wel‡qi Rb¨ †Kvb cwiexÿY †KŠk‡ji cÖ‡qvM

AwbwðZ n‡q I‡V|

AwfMg¨Zv Ges AskMÖnY

wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ AskMÖn‡Yi nvi Zzjbvi †ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK ¯Íi A‡cÿv cÖvK-

cÖv_wgK A‡bK RwUj| cÖvK cÖv_wgK wkÿvi eqm Ges Zvi cÖvi¤¢ Ab¨vb¨ ¯Í‡ii Zzjbvq

wbw`©ó gvb wba©vi‡Y A‡bK bgbxq| A‡cÿvK…Z Kg msL¨K †`‡k webv e¨‡q Ges/A_ev

eva¨Zvg~jK cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi eë¯’v Av‡Q| 49 †`‡k GUv eva¨Zvg~jK Ges 36 †`‡k

GUv eva¨Zvg~jK I LiPnxb|

Sustain

able Development Goal 4.2

cÖvK ˆkke

Awfjÿ¨ 4.2


41

mviv we‡k¦ 67% wkï ¯‹z‡j fwZ©i eq‡mi †P‡q GK

eQi Kg eq‡m cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ev cÖv_wg‡K fwZ©

nq| GB cÖv°jb Lvbv Rwi‡ci KvQvKvwQ wKš‘

cy‡ivcywi GK bq| GB Rwic c~e© AwfÁZvi

wfwË‡Z cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z cov wkÿv_x© hviv cÖvK-

cÖv_wg‡K c‡o‡Q, Zv‡ì Ici Kiv n‡qwQj|

cvwievwiK m¤ú‡ì (eëav‡bi) wfwË‡Z Gme

wkïi ¯‹z‡j Dcw¯’wZi nvi wbY©q Kiv n‡qwQj| ¯^í

I ga¨ Av‡qi †`k¸wji 3-4 eQi eqmx

wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q abx I me‡P‡q Mwie

cwiev‡ii †ÿ‡Î †`Lv †M‡Q, cÖ_‡gv³ cwiev‡ii

wkÿv_x©‡ì Dcw¯’wZ wØZx‡qv‡³i †P‡q Qq ¸Y

†ewk|

gvb

Awfj‡ÿ¨ DbœZ gv‡bi wkÿv`v‡bi Ici ¸iæZ¡

†`qv n‡q‡Q| gvb ej‡Z ¯‹zj I †kªwYK‡ÿi Ae¯’v

(KvVv‡gv Ges wkÿY cÖwµqvmn) Ges wkïi

mvgwMÖK Dbœq‡b mnvqK eë¯’vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|

we‡klZ, †`L‡Z n‡e †KD †hb ev` bv c‡o|

hwÌ †`kmg~nB Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì jÿ¨ Ges ¸YMZ

wkÿvi gvb wVK Ki‡e, Z‡e cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv

cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wbw`©ó wKQy DcKiY Av‡Q, hwÌ

†m¸‡jv `ªæZB bxwZwba©viYx weZK© Dm‡K w`‡q‡Q|

21wU wb¤œ I ga¨ Av‡qi †`‡ki Ici Pvjv‡bv

wek¦e¨vs‡Ki cÖvK-cÖv_wgK bxwZ wel‡q GKwU

mgxÿvq †`Lv †M‡Q, 13wU †`k wkÿv_x©/wkÿK

Abycv‡Zi †gŠwjK gvb wba©viY Ki‡jI gvÎ 8wU

†`k Zv Kvh©Ki K‡i‡Q|

wkï Dbœq‡bi dj

Awfjÿ¨ 4.2-Gi cÖavb †RviUv †`qv n‡q‡Q, wkïi Dbœqbagx© AvbyôvwbK ¯‹z‡ji cvV †hb wVK c‡_ _v‡K Ges Zviv †hb

ÔcÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _v‡KÕ, †m e¨vcviUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GB mvgwMÖK `„wófw½ wkï Dbœq‡bi †h ¯^v¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z

mywbw`©ó wb‡`©kK Av‡Q Zv †_‡K Avjv`v| me‡P‡q DrK…ófv‡e †Kvb cš’vq wkïi Dbœqb cwigvc Kiv hv‡e, †mB welqUv †ek

RwUj| wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZi eÜ‡b wKfv‡e gvb-wbY©qKvix Dbœqb N‡U, Zv jÿ Kiv wewfbœ djvd‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i cwigv‡ci

cš’v Dbœqb Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q|

†h cwigvc eZ©gv‡b m‡e©v”P eëüZ Zv nj BDwb‡md cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Dbœqb m~PK (Early Childhood Development Index:

ECDI)| 2010-15-Gi g‡a¨ cÖavbZ wb¤œ I ga¨ Av‡qi †`‡k †`Lv †M‡Q 3-eQi eqmx‡ì g‡a¨ 70% Ges 4-eQi eqmx‡ì

g‡a¨ 80% mwVK Dbœq‡bi c‡_B Av‡Q| GB m~P‡Ki PviwU Avjv`v fvM Av‡Q, wKš‘ GKwUi Øviv Zv cÖejfv‡e wba©vwiZ, †mUv

nj mvÿiZv I msL¨vÁvb, †hUv‡K Gfv‡e mgv‡jvPbv Kiv hvq †h GUv ÁvbwfwËK cvi`wk©Zvi †P‡q wkÿvi cÖv_wgK aviv‡K

†ek cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|

hLb Ggb GKUv evm¯’v‡bi cwi‡ek _v‡K hv cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM I wkÿv DcKi‡Y mg„×, ZLb wkïiv Zv‡ì AšÍM©Z `ÿZv

AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| BD‡µ‡b cwiev‡ii mKj eq¯‹ m`mïv 3 †_‡K 4 eQi eqmx wkï‡ì m‡½ AšÍZ 4wU Abykxjbx‡Z hy³

_v‡K, Nvbv‡Z ïay 40% wkïi †ÿ‡Î Zv N‡U _v‡K| 2010-15 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖavbZ wb¤œ I ga¨g Av‡qi 54wU †`‡ki 19%

†ÿ‡Î evwo‡Z AšÍZ 3wU wkïcvV¨ eB‡qi mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q Ges 7.5% M„‡n Ggb eB‡qi msL¨v nj 10| Mwie †`‡ki g‡a¨

20%-G, 10wU eB Av‡Q Ggb cwiev‡ii msL¨v 1%-GiI Kg|

wPÎ 9:

cÖvK-ˆkke cÖhZœ Ges wkÿvi weeiYx, Lvbv Ges ¯‹z‡ji g‡a¨ Kg©m~wPi cv_K©¨ _vK‡Z

cv‡i

weMZ eQ‡ii cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvq cyb©web¨¯Í †bU fwZ©i AbycvZ, 2014 Ges hviv

Av‡Mi eQi cÖvK-cÖv_wg‡K AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q, cÖ_g †kÖYx‡Z Zv‡ì kZKiv nvi,

wbe©vwPZ K‡qKwU †`‡k, 2010-2015

m~Î: cybwe©b¨¯Í †bU fwZ©i Abycv‡Zi UIS DcvËfvÐvi; cÖ_g †kYxi wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Av‡Mi eQi

cÖvK-we`¨vj‡q wQj Zv‡ì kZKiv nv‡ii MICS P~ovšÍ I cÖavb djvdj I cÖwZ‡e`b

100

80

60

40

20

0

Pv`

wm‡qivwjI

b

wWA

vi K

‡½v

gvwj

emwbqv/nv‡R

©‡Mvwfbv

‡ewbb

K‡½v

jvI

wcwWA

vi

†ewjR

Rvw¤^qv

gvqvbgvi

†gwm‡Wvwbqv

wK

iwM¯Ívb

g‡›Uwb‡MÖv

mvD_ wZ

gyi

Igvb

‡bcvj

WwgwbK

vb cÖR

vZ

š¿

mywibvg

eviev‡WvR

g‡½vwjqv

Nvbv

KvhvwK

¯Ívb

KvZ

vi

†K

v÷

vwiK

v

Av‡R

©w›Ubv

Mvqvbv

wR¤^vey‡q

cvbvgv

†mB›U jywmqv

gj‡Wvfv cÖR

vZ

š¿

Gjmvjfvì

R¨vgvBK

v

c¨v‡j÷

vBb

‡ejviæk

wf‡qZ

bvg

mvwe©qv

_vBj¨vÛ

†bU fwZ©i AbycvZ, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †kl eQi

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡j weMZ eQ‡ii Dcw¯’wZ

42


Ò12 †`‡k cwiPvwjZ

wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡bi

we‡køl‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q 20%

ZiæY Kg©‡ÿÎwfwËK

Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMÖnY

K‡i‡Q|

Ó

Awfjÿ¨ 4.3 êwk¦K Dbœqb G‡RÛvq KvwiMwi, e„wËg~jK Ges D”P wkÿv‡K hy³ K‡i‡Q| G¸wj‡K mevi Rb¨ wkÿvi (EFA)

Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nZ, wKš‘ Zv ïay weKí j‡ÿï mnvqK wn‡m‡e|

GB Awfj‡ÿï êwk¦K wb‡`©kK njÑ weMZ 12 gv‡m †hme ZiæY I eq¯‹ e¨w³ AvbyôvwbK, DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ev cÖwkÿ‡Y

Ask wb‡q‡Qb, Zvi kZKiv nvi -GUv eq¯‹ wkÿv‡KI AšÍf©y³ K‡i| ZvB wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b KvwiMix-e„wËg~jK, D”P Ges

eq¯‹ wkÿv‡K Awfjÿ¨ 4.3-Gi g‡a¨ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZbwU aviYvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Gi m~Î cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q: AwfMg¨Zv,

mvg_©¨ Ges gvb|

KvwiMwi Ges e„wËg~jK wkÿv I cÖwkÿY

KvwiMwi Ges e„wËg~jK wkÿv I cÖwkÿY (TVET) cÖ`vb Kiv nq †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b, Kg©‡ÿ‡Î A_ev G `y‡qi mwÜ¯’‡j| eûwewPÎ

bxwZ-cwiKíbv, cÖvwZôvwbK eë¯’v Gs mvsMVwbK cš’v I RvZxq cwimsL¨vb ixwZ †_‡K GKUv AvswkK wPÎ cvIqv hvq, hvi

d‡j wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ TVET-Gi Ae¯’v Zzjbv Kiv KwVb|

eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ cwiexÿY †KŠkjmg~n cÖvwZôvwbK fwZ©i Ici †Rvi †`q, we‡klZ miKvwi ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ

cÖwZôvbmg~‡n| GUv Awfjÿ¨ cwiexÿ‡Yi cwiwa‡K we‡klfv‡e msKzwPZ K‡i †Zv‡j|

Kg©‡ÿÎwfwËK wkÿv I cÖwkÿY‡K AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z n‡j kÖg evRvi, KviLvbv ev LvbvwfwËK

Rwi‡ci Dcv‡Ëi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB DcvË‡K wewfbœ msÁv Ges cÖkœgvjvi m‡½ Nwbôfv‡e

mgwš^Z Ki‡Z nq| 12 †`‡k cwiPvwjZ wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡bi we‡køl‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q 20%

ZiæY Kg©‡ÿÎwfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q|

mvg‡_©ï wel‡q †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e miKvwi bxwZi Ici, hv TVET-Gi AwfMg¨Zvi AmgZvi

cÖkœ‡K mvg‡b wb‡q Av‡m| Gme †ÿ‡Î wkÿv †èvi cÖwZôvb¸wji g‡a¨ A‡bK êwPÎ¨ _v‡K,

Li‡Pi welqUvI bvbvgvwÎK, miKvwi bxwZ Ges RvZxq †cÖÿvcUI mgiƒc bq| myZivs mvg_©¨

wbY©‡qi Rb¨ †Kvb GKK wb‡`©kK eënvi Kiv hvq bv| GKUv m¤¢ve¨ c_ n‡Z cv‡i †h,

†`L‡Z n‡e cÖwZôv‡bi Av‡qi KZUv Ask wkÿv_x©‡ì cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq Ges Zvi wecix‡Z

Zviv miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K KZUv Avw_©K mnvqZv cvq|

TVET-Gi ¸Ygvb g~j¨vq‡bi †ejvq †h welqUvi Ici †Rvi †`qv DwPZ Zv nj, RvZxq †hvM¨Zv iƒc‡iLvi g‡a¨ wek¦vm‡hvM¨

gvb mwVKfv‡e msKwjZ n‡”Q wKbv| cÖvq 40wU †`‡k Ggb iƒc‡iLv i‡q‡Q| Kvh©KvwiZvi w`K †_‡K Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

Av‡Q, wKš‘ Ggb iƒc‡iLv wkÿv_x©, wkÿv cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb Ges wb‡qvM`vZv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z Zviv [†Kvm© †k‡l]

wKfv‡e †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kij †m wel‡q bq, †Rvi w`‡Z cv‡i djvd‡ji Ici|

D”P wkÿv

D”P wkÿv mswÿß †Kvm© †_‡K ¯œvZK, ¯œvZ‡KvËi Ges W‡±vivj Kg©m~wP ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| [wkÿvcÖ`vqx] cÖwZôvb AvKvi, LiP, wewfbœ

†Kvm©, c×wZ Ges ¸Ygv‡bi w`K †_‡K Avjv`v n‡Z cv‡i| AwfMg¨Zv †_‡K wWMÖx jvf ch©šÍ wewfbœ ¯Í‡i †hme evav Av‡Q †m‡ÿ‡Î

mgZvi cÖkœwU‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e| D”P wkÿvq fwZ© 2000 mv‡ji 10 †KvwU †_‡K 2014 mv‡j Zv 20 †KvwU 7 j‡ÿ

`vuwo‡q‡Q| wKš‘ wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ Ges †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡iI h‡_ó êlg¨ we`¨gvb| 2013 mv‡j wdwjcvB‡b AZ¨šÍ abx 25 †_‡K

29 eQi eqmx‡ì g‡a¨ AšÍZ 52% 4 eQ‡ii D”P wkÿv mgvcb K‡iwQj, wKš‘ LyeB Mwie‡ì g‡a¨ GB nvi wQj gvÎ 1%|

D”P wkÿvq mvg‡_©ï welqwU LiP Ges Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i| Lvbv Rwic †_‡K Mo cvwievwiK Avq Ges †gvU Li‡Pi g‡a¨

Zzjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| hwÌ GB c×wZ †ek Kvh©Ki, wKš‘ Zv †_‡K GUv evi Kiv hvq bv †h, KZmsL¨K ZiæY GB LiP enb

Ki‡Z Amg_©| cwievimg~‡ni LiP Kivi mvg_¨© Ges GRb¨ miKvwi mnvqZvi Zzjbv GKUv m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i| hv‡ì

Rb¨ GUv me‡P‡q †ewk ìKvi Zviv mnvqZvi AvIZvq Avm‡Q wK bv, †mRb¨ cwiexÿY ìKvi|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.3

Sustainable Development Goal 4.3

KvwiMwi, e„wËg~jK,

D”P Ges eq¯‹ wkÿv

43


RvZxq bxwZ KvVv‡gv Ges cwim¤ú` Ges wek¦we`¨vj‡qi j‡ÿï g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ D”P wkÿvq êwk¦K ¯Í‡i A_©en bvbv iK‡gi evav

m„wó K‡i| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ¯Íi web¨vm (ranking) g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i, KviY Zv mnR‡eva¨, wKš‘ GB web¨vm Kiv nq

M‡elYv-K‡g©i wfwË‡Z, wkÿ‡Yi gvb ev wkÿv_x©i wkLb‡K we‡ePbvq †bqv nq bv|

eq¯‹ wkÿv

2030 mv‡ji wkÿvi Kg©cwiKíbvq eq¯‹ wkLb, wkÿv Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav mgwš^Z K‡i Awfjÿ¨ 4.3 AR©‡bi Rb¨ GKUv

†KŠkj cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| eq¯‹ wkÿv AvbyôvwbK (cÖvwZôvwbK), DcvbyôvwbK A_ev AbvbyôvwbK n‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv`v‡bi êwPÎ¨ cwiexÿ‡Y AskMÖnY we‡klfv‡e Kómva¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| hwÌ AvbyôvwbK wkÿvq eq¯‹ wkÿv_x©‡ì wel‡q

wKQz Z_¨ cÖvße¨, wKš‘ Zv AvswkK wPÎ gvÎ| êwk¦Kfv‡e eq¯‹ wkÿvq AskMÖnY cwigv‡ci c×wZ Dbœq‡b h_vh_ cvV ˆZwii

GKwU Rwic Abyhvqx, 28wU BD‡ivcxq BDwbqbfz³ †`‡k †`Lv †M‡Q, 6% eq¯‹ wkÿv_x© AvbyôvwbK wkÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q

Ges DcvbyôvwbK wkÿvq GB AskMÖnY nj 37%|

mvg‡_©ï g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ evav wØwea: GKw`‡K †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi e„nËi f~wgKv Ges Ab¨w`‡K miKvwi A_©vqb wel‡q Z‡_ï

Afve| QqUv †`‡ki g‡a¨ GKwU‡Z eq¯‹ wkÿvLv‡Z wRwWwc-i 0.3% fv‡Mi †ewk e¨q K‡i‡Q| me wgwj‡q †hme †Mvôxi Rb¨

GB e¨q †ewk cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡ì Rb¨ KZUv miKvwi e¨q eivÏ Av‡Q, †m wel‡q Av‡iv Z_¨ ìKvi|

¸YMZ gvÎv‡K AšÍf©©y³ K‡i eq¯‹ wkÿvi cwiexÿY LyeB KwVb KvR| eq¯‹ wkLb I wkÿv wel‡q Z…Zxq êwk¦K cÖwZ‡e`‡b GB

wm×všÍ †bqv n‡q‡Q †h, c„w_exi me©ÎB DcvË wel‡q mgm¨v i‡q‡Q, †hRb¨ eq¯‹ wkÿvi cÖfve wel‡q KgB Rvbv hvq| GUv me

†`‡ki cÖwZ Ggb c×wZ MÖn‡Yi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡”Q hv‡Z cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ DcvË msMÖ‡ni evav DËxY© nIqv hvq|

wPÎ 10

D”P wkÿv AR©‡b abx I Mwie‡ì g‡a¨ wekvj cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q

m¤ú‡ì wn‡m‡e, 25-19 eqmx‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kgc‡ÿ 4 eQ‡ii D”P wkÿv †kl K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì kZKiv nvi, wbe©vwPZ †`kmg~n, 2008-2014

bvBR

vi

DMvÛ

v

wmG

Avi

gvjvD

Rvw¤^qv

K‡½v

eyiwK

bv d

v‡mv

eyiæwÛ

gv`vMv¯‹vi

Rvw¤^qv

gvR

vw¤^K

wm‡qivwjI

b

jvB‡ewiqv

iæqvÛ

v

†ewbb

Pv`

AvB‡fvwi‡K

v÷

‡Uv‡Mv

†m‡bMvj

wR¤^veyB

K¨v‡giæb

†j‡mv‡_v

K‡gv‡ivm

wZ

gyi-‡jm‡_v

mywibvg

Mvqvbv

‡gŠwiZ

vwbqv

K‡¤^vwWqv

†mvqvwR

j¨vÛ

Bw_I

wcqv

wWA

vi K

‡½v

¸Bwbqv

evsjv‡`k

nvBwZ

bvwgweqv

bvB‡R

wiqv

Nvbv

wbK

viv¸qv

B‡›`v‡bwkqv

WwgwbK

vb cÖR

vZ

š¿

BivK

Kjw¤^qv

‡ciæ

ZvwR

wK

¯Ívb

emwbqv/nv‡R

©‡Mvwfbv

ewjwfqv

cvwK

¯Ívb

fviZ

BK

z‡qWi

wd

wjcvBb

Pxb

wgki

mvwe©qv

c¨v‡j÷

vBb

†gw·

‡K

v

Av‡R

©w›Ubv

gvë

v

Rvg©vbx

nv‡½ix

R`©vb

g‡›Uwb‡MÖv

eyj‡Mwiqv

†gwm‡Wvwbqv

gj‡Wvfv cÖR

vZ

š¿

Avi‡gwbqv

KvR

vwK

¯Ívb

†¯úb

†b`vij¨vÛ

d«vÝ

†ejwR

qvg

hy³

ivR

¨

BD‡µ

b

m~Î : Lvbv Rwi‡ci DcvË wel‡q wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

me‡P‡q abx

†gvU

me‡P‡q Mwie

D”Pwkÿ

v A

R©‡bi nvi(%

)

44


Awfjÿ¨ 4.4 wZbwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡i : Ôwb‡qvM, fvj PvKzwi Ges D‡`¨vM MÖn‡YiÕ Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb we‡kl `ÿZv

wewfbœ †cÖÿvc‡U êwk¦K cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖvmw½K ? `ÿZv wK ïay wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g AwR©Z nq, bvwK Ab¨ †Kv_v

†_‡K ? Kg Li‡P cÖvß cwigvcK wK mwVK I ev¯Íevqb‡hvM¨ ?

cÖ¯ÍvweZ wb‡`©k‡Ki g‡a¨ wewfbœ cÖkœ‡K wN‡i AwbðqZv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| GKUv nj eq¯‹ gvby‡li g‡a¨ wkÿv AR©‡bi nvi, hv

`ÿZvi cwigvcK bq| Ab¨wU, Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Ges cÖhyw³wbf©i mvÿiZv `ÿZv G‡RÛv‡K msKxY© K‡i †Zv‡j, wKš‘

ZeyI g~Z© I cwigvc‡hvM¨ `ÿZvi Ici †Rvi †èvi †ÿ‡Î GUv GKUv cÖ‡Póv|

ÁvbvZ¥K `ÿZv

†gŠwjK ÁvbvZ¥K `ÿZvi AšÍfz©³ nj mvÿiZv I msL¨vÁvb| wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡bi bZzb

we‡kølY †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, D”P gv‡bi mvÿiZv `ÿZv _vK‡j fvj PvKzwi cvevi m¤¢vebv

wØ¸Y †e‡o hvq|

cÖwZw`‡bi Rxeb I Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Z_¨cÖhyw³ Acwinvh©| 2014 mv‡j BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡b

GKUv cÖk¯Í KvM‡R 44% eq¯‹ e¨w³ cvUxMvwYwZK m~Î eënvi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj, me‡P‡q

Kg 16% wQj †iv‡gwbqvq Ges me‡P‡q †ewk 63% wQj wdbj¨v‡Û|

cÖhyw³MZ mvÿiZv †h‡nZz mivmwi g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq, ZvB GUv fv‡jvfv‡e cwigvc‡hvM¨|

2013 mv‡j, †PK cÖRvZ‡š¿ Aóg †kÖYxi wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ 85% Rb Kw¤úDUvi wel‡q

KvR Pvjv‡bv †Mv‡Qi Kw¤úDUvi `ÿZv cÖ`k©b K‡iwQj, †mB Zzjbvq _vBj¨v‡Û Zv wQj

13% Ges Zzi‡¯‹ 9%| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖhyw³i `ªæZ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ GKUv êwk¦K c×wZ ìKvi, we‡klZ †h‡nZz eZ©gv‡b

eëüZ cÖkœmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mvs¯‹…wZK cÿcvwZ‡Z¡i welq i‡q‡Q|

A-ÁvbvZ¥K `ÿZv...

†hme `ÿZvq n«¯^ cÖwµqvi mswkøóZv Av‡Q, †mLv‡b ea©gvb AvMÖn †`Lv hv‡”Q, hwÌ eënvwiK †ÿ‡Î m„RbkxjZv, we‡kølYx

wPšÍv, mgm¨v mgvavb Ges mn‡hvwMZvi gZ †gŠwjK wKš‘ Aaiv `ÿZv hv Kg©‡ÿ‡Î AZ¨šÍ g~jëvb e‡j M„nxZ, †mme‡K mn‡R

¯Íi-web¨¯Í Kiv hvq bv|

†Kvb ai‡bi A-ÁvbvZ¥K `ÿZv, h_v, Aaëmvq, AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y A_ev mvgvwRK Ges Av‡eMvZ¥KÑPvKzwi cvevi †ÿ‡Î BwZevPK

e‡j c~e©vfvm †`qv hvq- Gme wel‡q mvÿ¨cÖgv‡Yi NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| PvKzwii †cÖÿvc‡Ui Ici G wel‡q m‡ev©”P m¤¢vebv wbf©i

K‡i|

wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ A-ÁvbvZ¥K `ÿZvi Zzjbv Kivi Rb¨ cwigvcK cÖYqb Kiv †ek Kómva¨| wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b êwk¦K

cwiexÿ‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ eo gv‡ci cwigvcK Gwo‡q †h‡Z mycvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kx AR©‡b Kiv †M‡Q Ges Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi Ici Zvi

cÖfve wb‡q M‡elYvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

... Ges Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi Rb¨ Zv‡ì mshyw³

ÁvbvZ¥K I A-ÁvbvZ¥K `ÿZvi mgev‡qi `ywU `„óvšÍ Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi Rb¨ cÖvmw½K: Avw_©K mvÿiZv Ges D‡`¨vMx `ÿZv|

mv¤úªwZK eQi¸wj‡Z Avw_©K mvÿiZv cwigv‡ci Rb¨ AwfÁZv-wfwËK cwigvcK cÖYq‡bi cÖ‡Póv †bqv n‡q‡Q| GKwU msÁv

Abyhvqx c„w_ex Ry‡o 33% eq¯‹ e¨w³ Avw_©K mvÿi, me‡P‡q Kg B‡q‡g‡b-13% Ges me‡P‡q †ewk biI‡q‡Z- 71%|

D‡`¨vMx `ÿZv, hv GL‡bv M‡elYvi ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q, GB cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡i †h, ¯‹z‡ji wkÿvµ‡g †Kvb †Kvb welq AšÍfy©³ Ki‡Z

n‡e|

Ò2014 mv‡j BD‡ivcxq

BDwbq‡b 44% eq¯‹ e¨w³

GKUv cÖk¯Í KvM‡R

cvUxMvwYwZK m~Î eënvi

Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj|

Ó

Awfjÿ¨ 4.4

Sustain


Kv‡Ri `ÿZv

45


Òwb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z

†hLv‡b cÖwZ GKkZ Rb

abxi mšÍvb cÖv_wgK, wb¤œ

gva¨wgK Ges D”P gva¨wgK

ch©v‡qi wkÿv mgvcb K‡i,

Mwie‡ì †ÿ‡Î Zvi

AbycvZ n‡jv h_vµ‡g 36,

19 Ges 7|

Ó

Awfjÿ¨ 4.5

Sustain


b¨vh¨Zv

Ôev` hv‡e bv †KDÕ- GB AvKv•ÿv G‡RÛv 2030-Gi g‡a¨ †UKmB Dbœqb‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i Ges êwk¦K cwiexÿY Ges

AmgZvi cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwii Pvwn`v m„wó K‡i| wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b wZbwU cÖavb cÖkœ‡K Zz‡j a‡i: AmgZv I Zvi weeZ©b

cwigv‡ci Rb¨ h_vh_ c_ wK wK, myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi e¨w³‡ì wPwýZ K‡i wK fv‡e Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv hv‡e, Ges mgZvi

cÖm½ Qvov wkÿvq b¨vh¨Zvi wK wK e¨vcK welq cwigvc Kiv hv‡e|

AmgZv cwigvcK

wkÿvq AmgZv cwigv‡c wZbwU Dcv`vb welqwU‡K RwUj K‡i †Zv‡j| cÖ_gZ, K‡qKwU e¨vcK wb‡`©k‡Ki gva¨‡g wkÿvq

AmgZv cixÿv Kiv hvq, †hgb AwfMg¨Zv A_ev wkLb| wØZxqZ, wKfv‡e GKwU wkÿv wb‡`©kK myweavewÂZ I myweav‡fvMx

Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡e Zvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ AmgZv cwigvcK eënvi Kiv hvq| wewfbœ cwigvc‡Ki eënvi wewfbœ

djvdj cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv cvj&‡U †h‡Z cv‡i| Z…ZxqZ, bxwZ-

wba©viK‡ì Rvb‡Z n‡e †h, wKfv‡e GKwU wb‡`©kK ¯^Zš¿ êwk‡óï Kvi‡Y wfbœ n‡q †h‡Z

cv‡i, †hgb- m¤ú`| wKš‘ wewfbœ †`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †m¸‡jvi Zzjbv KóKi n‡q I‡V|

GmwWwR wb‡`©k‡Ki AvšÍtG‡RwÝ Ges we‡klÁ `j wkÿvq AmgZvi êwk¦K cwigvc‡Ki Rb¨

mgZv m~P‡Ki c‡ÿ cÖ¯Íve w`‡q‡Q| GB cwigvcK e„nËi Rb‡Mvôxi m‡½ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨

me‡P‡q mnR cš’v Ges `yÕ`k‡K †RÛvi AmgZv †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Kvh©Ki wQj|

m¤ú‡ì êlg¨ cwigv‡c Gi êwkó¨mg~n me‡P‡q mycªhy³| D”P ga¨g Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z

cÖv_wgK wkÿvq m¤ú` mylgZv m~P‡Ki mgvcbx nvi nj 0.90; wb¤œ gva¨wgK Ges D”P

gva¨wg‡K Zv nj h_vµ‡g 0.71 Ges 0.44| wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wj‡Z m¤ú‡ì mylgZvi

m~PK- cÖv_wgK wkÿvq 0.36, wb¤œ gva¨wg‡K 0.19 Ges D”P gva¨wg‡K 0.07|

wkÿv AmgZvi wb‡`©kK wel‡q AvšÍtG‡RwÝ `‡ji cÖwZôv GKwU mwVK c`‡ÿc, KviY GB

`j Rwic DcvË Ges AeëüZ DcvË Dr‡mi wbqwgZ we‡kølY K‡i _v‡K| êwk¦K mgš^q ¯Í‡ii AMÖMwZ ˆ`wkK ¯Í‡i Qwo‡q

w`‡Z n‡e|

†RÛvi

2014 mv‡j êwk¦Kfv‡e cÖv_wgK, wb¤œ gva¨wgK Ges D”P gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i mgZv AwR©Z n‡qwQj, hwÌ ¯^Zš¿ ˆ`wkK ¯Í‡i Zv

h_vµ‡g 64%, 46% Ges 26% fv‡M AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| RvZxq Mo †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Ges we‡kl Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ êlg¨‡K

Avovj K‡i iv‡L| mve-mvnvivb AÂ‡j me‡P‡q abx 20% fv‡Mi g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK mgvcbKvix‡ì †RÛvi mgZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q,

Avevi me‡P‡q Mwie 20% Gi g‡a¨ cÖwZ 100 Rb Qv‡Îi wecix‡Z 83 Rb QvÎx cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †kl K‡i‡Q| wb¤œ gva¨wg‡K

†g‡q‡ì Rb¨ GB nvi 73 Ges D”P gva¨wg‡K 40|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.5-Gi †RÛvi Dcv`vb cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mgZv m~P‡Ki cÖ‡qvM GUvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K fwZ©i AbycvZ †_‡K, GgbwK

wkLbdjmn mKj wkÿv wb‡`©kKmn, we¯Í…Z K‡i| GUv BwZevPK n‡jI GB m~PK wkÿvq †RÛvi mgZvi eû GjvKvi g‡a¨ GUv

ïay GKwU †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| wkÿvq †RÛvi mgZvi cwiexÿY evov‡Z n‡j Ggb †Póv wb‡Z n‡e hvi gva¨‡g mvgwMÖKfv‡e

wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK, g~j¨vqb Ges wkÿK wkÿ‡Yi †RÛvi Abyl½ we‡ePbv Kiv hvq Ges hviv wkÿvq †RÛvi mgZv wb‡`©k‡Ki

wel‡q KvR Ki‡Q I Ab¨ hviv Av‡iv e¨vcK cwim‡i GB Kv‡R hy³ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wbweoZi m¤úK© _vK‡Z n‡e|

46


cÖwZewÜZv

cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì wkÿvq mgvb AwfMg¨Zvi AMÖMwZ wbY©‡qi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ cÖwZewÜZvi cwigvcK cÖ‡qvRb,

hwÌ cÖwZewÜZvi aib eûwewPÎ| 2010 mv‡j BD‡iv‡ci 30 ai‡bi wkÿveë¯’v cwigvc K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q, eva¨Zvg~jK

cÖv_wgK wkÿvq hv‡ì c„_K wkÿv Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì msL¨v 3.7% fvM| BDwb‡md Ges cÖwZewÜZv cwimsL¨v‡b

0.99 63 0.99 46 0.98 23

0.93 31 0.86 9 0.74 5

1.02 52 1.02 33 0.93 17

0.97 71 1.00 60 1.06 22

1.00 81 0.99 59 1.01 37

0.99 100 0.99 83 0.98 29

0.99 86 1.01 57 1.01 37

1.00 93 0.99 67 1.01 31

0.98 48 1.03 39 1.13 19

0.95 56 0.93 46 0.96 33

0.97 64 0.95 44 0.94 0

1.06 29 1.04 25 0.94 38

0.93 38 0.88 19 0.82 6

†Uwej 2:

AÂj I †`‡ki Av‡qi wfwË‡Z †RÛvi mgZv, 2014

GK

eviI

¯‹z‡j †M‡Q

cÖv_wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

wb¤œ gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

D”P gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

wb¤œ Avq

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq

D”P ga¨g Avq

D”P Avq

cÖv_wgK wkÿv

wj½ mgZv m~PK mgZv AwR©Z †`k (%) wj½ mgZv m~PK mgZv AwR©Z †`k (%) wj½ mgZv m~PK mgZv AwR©Z †`k (%)

wb¤œ gva¨wgK wkÿv

wj½ mgZv m~PK mgZv AwR©Z †`k (%)

D”P gva¨wgK wkÿv

wj½mgZv m~PK mgZv AwR©Z †`k (%)

wek¦

K‡Kkvm I ga¨ Gwkqv

c~e© I `wÿYc~e© Gwkqv

BD‡ivc I DËi Av‡gwiKv

jvwZb Av‡gwiKv I K¨vwiweqvb

DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg Gwkqv

cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMixq

`wÿY Gwkqv

mve mvnvivb Avwd«Kv

`ªóe¨: cÖ`wk©Z mKj gvb ga¨‡f`x|

m~Î: UIS DcvËfvÐvi

GK

eviI

¯‹z‡j †M‡Q

cÖv_wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

wb¤œ gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

D”P gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

GK

eviI

¯‹z‡j †M‡Q

cÖv_wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

wb¤œ gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

D”P gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

GK

eviI

¯‹z‡j †M‡Q

cÖv_wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

wb¤œ gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

D”P gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

GK

eviI

¯‹z‡j †M‡Q

cÖv_wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

wb¤œ gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

D”P gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

GK

eviI

¯‹z‡j †M‡Q

cÖv_wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

wb¤œ gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

D”P gva¨wgK

mgvcb K

‡i‡Q

mve-mvnvivb

Avwd«Kv

DËi Avwd«Kv I

cwðg Gwkqv

BD‡ivc I

DËi Av‡gwiKv

jvwZb Av‡gwiKv

I K¨vwiweqvb

c~e© Ges

`wÿY c~e© Gwkqv

`wÿY Gwkqv

`ªóe¨: c~e© I `wÿY c~e© Gwkqv Ges DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg Gwkqvi †ÿ‡Î ïay wb¤œ I ga¨g Av‡qi †`k AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

m~Î: LvbvwfwËK Rwi‡ci wfwË‡Z wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY (2016)

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

wPÎ 11:

LyeB Mwie‡ì g‡a¨ †RÛvi AmgZv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖKU

wbe©vwPZ wkÿv wb‡`©k‡Ki Rb¨ †RÛvi mgZvi m~PK, m¤ú‡ì AvšÍtm¤úK©, AÂj‡f‡`, 2008-2014

†R

Ûvi mgZ

vm~PK

mgZv

me‡P‡q abx

Mo

me‡P‡q Mwie

47


Òmviv c„w_ex‡Z kiYv_©x‡ì

50% cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj eqmx wkï

Ges 75% gva¨wgK ¯‹zj

eqmx wkï we`¨vjq-ewnf~©Z

†_‡K hvq|

Ó

cÖwZewÜZvi IqvwksUb `j cÖv‡qvwMK cwigvcK cÖYq‡b †bZ…Z¡g~jK cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| wkÿKiv h‡_ó cÖ¯‘Z wK bv Ges

cÖwZeÜx wkÿv_x©‡ì Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ¯‹z‡ji h_vh_ AeKvVv‡gv Av‡Q wK bv Gme cwiexÿY KivI Riæwi|

fvlv

gvZ…fvlvwfwËK eûfvwlK wkÿv wel‡q Ae¨vnZ D‡cÿv wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î eo ai‡bi AmgZvi Rb¨ `vqx| wkÿvq fvlvbxwZ

cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Av‡iv cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z n‡e| GKUv cwigvc †_‡K Rvbv hv‡”Q mviv c„w_exi cÖvq 40% gvbyl †h fvlvq Zviv

wb‡Riv K_v e‡j ev †h fvlv Zviv †ev‡S, †m fvlvq cov‡kvbvi †ÿ‡Î Zv‡ì AwfMg¨Zv †bB| RvZxq bxwZi `wjjcÎ

cwiexÿY †Kvb Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i bv †h, wkÿv_x©iv †h wkÿv A_ev wkÿv DcKiY cv‡”Q, Zv‡Z Zviv wb‡Ri fvlvq AwfMg¨Zv

AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv, ev¯Íe Ae¯’v †_‡KB wkÿKiv cÖ¯‘Z n‡”Qb Ges AvbyôvwbK bxwZI †mfv‡e ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q| gvwji

gcwZ AÂ‡j RvZxq bxwZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I ïay 1% cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cÖwkwÿZ wkÿK Ges h_vh_ fvlvq wØfvwlK wkÿvi eë¯’v

Av‡Q|

Awfevmb Ges †Rvic~e©K weZvob

mgm¨v _vKv m‡Ë¡I Af¨šÍixY MÖvgxY Awfevmxiv cÖvqkB ew¯Í ev Dckni GjvKvq wfo K‡i, †hLv‡b miKvwi ¯‹z‡j AwfMg¨Zvi

my‡hvM LyeB mxwgZ| bMi GjvKvq Awfevmb N‡U miKvwi †mevq AwfMg¨Zvi myweav‡_©| AvšÍR©vwZK Awfevmx‡ì †ÿ‡Î,

bxwZwba©viK‡ì Rb¨ P¨v‡jÄ nj, wkÿv_x©iv mvaviYfv‡e myweavewÂZ AÂ‡ji ¯‹zj¸‡jv‡Z fwZ© nq|

cÖavb P¨v‡jÄ nj †Rvic~e©K weZvwoZ‡ì wb‡q| Af¨šÍixYfv‡e M„nnviv [e¨w³iv]

A‡cÿvK„Zfv‡e A`„k¨ _v‡K| 2015 mv‡ji Ry‡b, bvB‡Rwiqvi Qq iv‡Rï 42wUi g‡a¨

19wU ev¯‘nviv wkwe‡i, wkï‡ì Rb¨ AvbyôvwbK ev DcvbyôvwbK, †Kvb ai‡bi wkÿviB my‡hvM

wQj bv| kiYv_x©iv nj me‡P‡q myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôx: mviv c„w_ex‡Z G‡ì 50% cÖv_wgK

¯‹zj eqmx wkï Ges 75% gva¨wgK ¯‹zj eqmx wkï we`¨vjq-ewnf~©Z †_‡K hvq| Awfevmx ev

ev¯‘wfUv †_‡K weZvwoZ gvbyl‡ì wkÿvi Ae¯’v cwiexÿY LyeB Kómva¨ KvR| wkÿvq

AwfMg¨Zvq Zv‡ì †ÿ‡Î AmgZvi KviY¸wj fv‡jvfv‡e †evSvi Rb¨ mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póv‡K

†Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.6 eq¯‹ mvÿiZvi Ici AvšÍR©vwZK g‡bv‡hvM eRvq †i‡L‡Q| GUv PZz_© EFA j‡ÿï Ask wQj| G Qvov Av‡iv

`yÕwU D™¢veb Gi AšÍfz©³| cÖ_gZ, mvÿiZv I msL¨vÁv‡bi Ici êwk¦K wb‡`k©K ¯úóZB `ÿZv AR©‡bi wfwË‡Z cÖYxZ

n‡qwQj| GUv Agb `„wófw½i KvQvKvwQ †h, mvÿiZv ïay †gŠwjK ÁvbvZ¥K `ÿZvi GKUv ¸”Q bq, GUv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Ggb

`ÿZv hv mgvR, A_©bxwZ Ges e¨w³MZ cwieZ©‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| wØZxqZ, ¯úóZ msL¨vÁv‡bi cÖwZ wb‡`©kbvq

GwU Abyl‡½i cÖwZI g‡bv‡hvM `vwe K‡i|

eq¯‹ mvÿiZv Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMÖnY

AvbyôvwbK I DcvbyôvwbK eq¯‹ mvÿiZv Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi cwigvc Kiv we¯§qKifv‡e Kómva¨| eq¯‹ wkLb Ges wkÿv

wel‡q êwk¦K cÖwZ‡e`b‡K GKUv cÖwgZ fvlïPbvi QK ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi gva¨‡g miKvwi Ges Ab¨vb¨ mvÿiZv Kg©m~wP‡Z

eq¯‹‡ì AskMÖnY †evSv hvq|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.6

Sustain


DmvÿiZv I msL¨vÁvb

48


wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡bi bZzb we‡køl‡Y GKwU cÖkœ AšÍfz©³ n‡q‡Q hv RbwgwZ I ¯^v¯’¨ Rwi‡c wbqwgZ DÌvwcZ nZ; †`Lv hv‡”Q

2004 †_‡K 2011 ch©šÍ 29wU wb¤œ I ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k 15 †_‡K 49 eQi eqmx gvÎ 6% e¨w³ mvÿiZv Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY

K‡i‡Q| wbiÿi e¨w³‡ì †ewki fvMB bvix Ges Mwie, hwÌ AwaK msL¨K cyiæl Ges abx eq¯‹ e¨w³ G‡Z AskMÖnY

K‡i‡Q|

mvÿiZvi nvi

hwÌ GmwWwR G‡RÛv mwVKfv‡e mvÿiZv AR©‡bi cwigv‡c g‡bv‡hvM‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q, cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvcK DcKiY

e¨vcKfv‡e cÖvße¨ bq| myZivs ZiæY Ges eq¯‹ mvÿiZv cÖwZ‡e`‡b c~‡e©i nv‡ii cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq| 2005 †_‡K 2014

mv‡j mviv we‡k¦ 758 wgwjqb ev 15% eq¯‹ e¨w³i Kvh©Ki mvÿiZv wQj bv, G‡ì g‡a¨ 63% fvMB bvix|

mvÿiZv I msL¨vÁv‡b cvi`wk©Zv

eû D”P Av‡qi †`‡k, mvÿiZv I msL¨vÁv‡b cvi`wk©Zvi ¯Íi mivmwi g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Ges †mLv‡b GB Z_¨ cÖvße¨| OECD

Kg©m~wPi International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)- i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ 15% †gŠwjK

mvÿiZv cvi`wk©Zvi ¯Í‡i †cuŠQv‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì cvV¨welq †_‡K mnR Abygvb evi Ki‡Z ejv n‡qwQj; GB nvi Rvcv‡b

5% †_‡K BZvwj‡Z 28% ch©šÍ µgweb¨¯Í wQj|

Zzjbvg~jK mvÿiZv I msL¨vÁvb g~j¨vq‡b AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZv cÖ‡qvRb| 2030-Gi g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwiexÿY DcvË

msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ GKUv mdj c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †`kxq ch©v‡q wb‡R‡ì gZ Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni m‡½ êwk¦K gv‡b

g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb‡K mgwš^Z Kiv hvq|

STEP

Nvbv, kni

‡K

wbqv, kni

ewjwfqv, kni

Kjw¤^qv, kni

wf‡qZ

bvg, kni

RwR

©qv, kni

Av‡g©wbqv, kni

BD‡µ

b, kni

1g ¯Í‡ii wb‡P 1g ¯Íi 2q ¯Íi 3q ¯Íi I Z`~a©

wPwj

Zzi¯‹

BUvjx

Bmiv‡qj

†¯úb

wMÖm

wm½vcyi

†¯øv‡fwbqv

d«vÝ

†cvj¨vÛ

hy³

ivóª

Rvg©vbx

Avqvij¨vÛ

* hy³

ivR

¨

KvbvWv

†WbgvK

©

wj_yqvwbqv

Aw÷

ªqv

* †ejwR

qvg

myB‡Wb

G‡¯Ívwbqv

†K

vwiqv

A‡÷

ªwjqv

biI

‡q

wbDwR

j¨vÛ

†b`vij¨vÛ

†PK

cÖK

vZ

š¿

†¯øvfvwK

qv

wd

bj¨vÛ

Rvcvb

`ªóe¨: ZviKv wPwýZ †`k¸wji †ÿ‡Î PIAAC DcvË ¯^Zš¿ AÂj‡K wb‡`©k K‡i: hy³iv‡Rï g‡a¨ Av‡Q Bsj¨vÛ I DËi Avqvij¨vÛ Ges d¬¨vbWvm© †ejwRqv‡gi AšÍM©Z|

m~Î: OECD (2013:2016) Ges wek¦e¨vs‡Ki STEP Dcv‡Ëi wfwË‡K wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY

wPÎ 12:

GKwU avivevwnK gv‡b mvÿiZvi g~j¨vqb A‡bK wbf©yjfv‡e eq¯‹ `ÿZv cÖwZdwjZ K‡i

mvÿiZv cvi`wk©Zv Abyhvqx eq¯‹ RbmsL¨v, 2011-2014

100

80

60

40

20

0

mvÿ

iZ

v cvi`wk©Z

vi ¯Íi (%

)


49

Awfjÿ¨ 4.3

Sustain


†UKmB Dbœqb

Ges êwk¦K bvMwiKZ¡

Ò78wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ wZb-

PZz_©vs‡k 2005-2015

mv‡ji wkÿvµ‡g †UKmB

Dbœqb wel‡q wKQzUv ¸iæZ¡

†`qv n‡q‡Q|

Ó

Ab¨ †h †Kvb Awfj‡ÿï Zzjbvq 4.7 wkÿvi mvgvwRK, gvbwmK I ˆbwZK D‡Ï‡kï Ici AwaK †Rvi †`q| GUv ¯úóZB

wkÿv‡K GmwWwR-i Ab¨vb¨ j‡ÿï m‡½ hy³ K‡i Ges bZzb êwk¦K Dbœqb G‡RÛvi cwieZ©bkxj AvKv•ÿv‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|

wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯ÍvweZ êwk¦K wb‡`©k‡Ki Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i Ges †`Lvq †h, wKfv‡e êwk¦K bvMwiKZ¡ Ges †UKmB

Dbœqb wewfbœ eë¯’vaxb c`‡ÿc Ges RvZxq wkÿvµg iƒc‡iLv I cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges wkÿK wkÿvmn cÖf…wZi AšÍfz©³| Ávb,

`ÿZv Ges `„wófw½i cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡`©kKmg~n‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z †UKmB Dbœqb‡K hy³ Kiv GK `ytmva¨ †Póv| cÖwZ‡e`‡b

h_vh_ Ávb Ges `ÿZv AR©b, cwiexÿ‡Y wewfbœ D‡`¨vM Ges GKB mv‡_ Giƒc eq¯‹ `„wófw½i we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.7 Rxebe¨vcx wkLb iƒc‡iLvi m‡½ Nwbôfv‡e hy³ Ges †Kvb wbw`©ó wkÿv¯Íi Ges eqmKvj wba©viY K‡i bv, hvi

m‡½ Gi g~j welq mwbœwnZ| cÖ¯ÍvweZ êwk¦K I g~j welq‡Kw›`ªK wb‡`©kKmg~‡n cÖavbZ AvbyôvwbK wkÿvq wkï I wK‡kvi‡ì

Ici †Rvi †`qv n‡q‡Q| cÖ¯ÍvweZ g~j welq‡Kw›`ªK wb‡`©kKmg~‡ni †KvbwU‡ZB DcvbyôvwbK ev AbvbyôvwbK wkÿvq eq¯‹

wkÿv_x©‡ì K_v ejv nqwb|

wkÿvµg

Ávb I `ÿZvi cÖavb aviK nj wkÿvµg hvi gva¨‡g †UKmB Dbœqb Ges GUv êwk¦K bvMwiK‡Z¡i K_v fvjfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv

hq| GKwU g~j welq‡Kw›`ªK wb‡`©k‡K cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q World Programme on Human Rights Education iƒc‡iLvi

RvZxq ev¯Íevqb cwigvc Kivi K_v| GB wb‡`©k‡K Awfjÿ¨ 4.7-Gi Dcv`vb Av‡Q, †h¸wj Ab¨v‡bï m‡½ gvbevwaKvi,

†gŠwjK ¯^vaxbZv Ges mnbkxjZvi m‡½ hy³|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ Avi GKwU 4.7 Awfj‡ÿï g~j welq‡Kw›`ªK wb‡`©kK nj GBPAvBwf I †hŠbZvi

Ici Rxeb `ÿZvwfwËK wkÿvcÖ`vqx ¯‹zjmg~‡ni kZKiv nvi-hv 4.7 Gi 5wU Dcv`vb‡K

hy³ K‡i : gvbevwaKvi, †RÛvi mgZv, kvwšÍi ms¯‹…wZ, AwnsmZv Ges †UKmB Dbœqb I

RxebcÖYvjx Dbœq‡b Ávb I `ÿZv| wkÿv eë¯’vcbv Z_ïxwZ Ges ¯‹zjwfwËK Rwi‡c GB

wb‡`©kK KwZcq †`‡k cvBjU ch©v‡q cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv †_‡K fwel¨‡Z DbœZZi

cwiexÿY Kiv hv‡e|

welqwfwËK wkÿvµ‡gi AwaKZi M‡elYv 4.7 Awfj‡ÿï AMÖMwZ eyS‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|

RvZxq wkÿvµg iƒc‡iLv Ges mswkøó wel‡qi myweb¨¯Í ZvwjKv Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| 78

†`‡k 110 RvZxq wkÿvµg iƒc‡iLvi cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿvi bw_cÎ cixÿv K‡i,

wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, 2005 †_‡K 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wZb-PZz_©vsk †`‡k †UKmB Dbœqb wel‡q wKQzUv ¸iæZ¡

Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zvi †P‡q A‡bK Kg †`‡k êwk¦K bvMwiK‡Z¡i welq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †RÛvi mgZvi `„óvšÍI Lye

Kg cvIqv †M‡Q| 15% GiI Kg †`‡k †RÛvi ÿgZvqb, †RÛvi mgnvi, †RÛvi-ms‡e`bkxj-Gi gZ kã wkÿvµ‡g hy³ Kiv

n‡q‡Q, A‡a©K †`‡k †RÛvi mgZvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Q|

cvV¨cy¯ÍK

cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki AšÍfz©³ welqmg~n we‡køl‡Y mv¤úªwZK AMÖMwZ G wel‡q LyeB Avkve¨ÄK| wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii

cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki g‡a¨ BwZnvm, †cŠibxwZ Ges mgvRcvV I f~‡Mvj-GB wZb wel‡q Dcv‡Ëi 3wU †mU msKjb Kiv n‡qwQj|

we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq, 2000 †_‡K 2013 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖvq AvavAvwa‡Z gvbevwaKvi wel‡q D‡jøL Av‡Q, †mB

50


Zzjbvq 1890-1913 mv‡j Gi D‡jøL wQj gvÎ 5%

wel‡q| weMZ `k‡K DËi Avwd«Kv Ges cwðg

Gwkqvq 10% GiI Kg cvV¨cy¯Í‡K bvix AwaKv‡ii

K_v DwjøwLZ n‡qwQj| Ggb we‡kølY †_‡K †evSv

hvq, cvV¨cy¯ÍK eënvi K‡i mwVK I wek¦vm‡hvM¨

cwigvcK evi Kiv m¤¢e| cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘‡Z

Zzjbv‡hvM¨ êwk¦K DcvË msKjb Ki‡Z GKwU

wbqwgZ cwiexÿY eë¯’v cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkÿK wkÿY

†UKmB Dbœqb I êwk¦K bvMwiKZ¡ wel‡q cvV`v‡bi

Rb¨ wkÿK‡ì cÖ¯‘wZ _vK‡Z n‡e| 2013 m‡ji

Rwi‡c †`Lv hv‡”Q, 66 †`‡ki gvÎ 8% †ÿ‡Î

wkÿK wkÿ‡Y †UKmB Dbœq‡bi K_v Av‡Q ; 2005

mv‡j GB nvi wQj 2%| wkÿK wkÿY Kg©m~wPi

welqe¯‘i cÖvc¨Zv LyeB Kg, wKš‘ cÖavbZ AvÂwjK

ch©v‡qi wKQz Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡Q| Awfjÿ¨ 4.7-G

wkÿK cÖ¯‘wZ I cÖwkÿY wel‡q aviYvi g~j¨vq‡b

Riæwi wfwË‡Z kw³kvjx eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

wkÿKiv hv‡Z wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôxi wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½

fv‡jvfv‡e †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvi Rb¨

cÖ‡qvRbxq †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Kvh©KvwiZvi we‡køl‡Y

wkÿK cÖwkÿY cÖwZôv‡bi wkÿvµ‡g GKwU cÖwgZ I

wewae× mwÜcÎ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

†kªwYKÿ-ewnf©~Z Kvh©vewj

ïay we`¨vj‡qB wkÿv_x©‡ì †UKmwnZv Ges êwk¦K

bvMwiKZ¡ wel‡q cvV`vb Ki‡j n‡e bv, Zvi evB‡i

cvVmsN, QvÎ mwgwZ, µxov I weZK© K¬ve,

bvU¨gÂvqb, Mv‡bi `j, †¯^”Qv‡mex I Ab¨vb¨

Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g G wel‡q Rvbv‡bv hvq| wRBGg

cÖwZ‡e`‡bi GKwU we‡køl‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q, msN‡l©i

wbimb n‡q‡Q Ges mvgvwRK mg‡SvZv n‡q‡Q Ggb

AÂ‡j mycwiKwíZ I AšÍf~©w³g~jK Kg©KvÐ hw`

AwfMg¨ K‡i †Zvjv hvq, Zvn‡j AvBbx wewaeë¯’v

Ges gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYv ÁvZ nIqvi gva¨‡g

êwk¦K bvMwiK‡Z¡i †eva m¤úªmvi Kiv hv‡e| cÖPwjZ

DcvË msMÖ‡ni DcKi‡Y Ggb me Kg©Kv‡Ði g‡a¨

AwfÁZvi g~j¨ Ges Dbœqb cÖwµqv wel‡q h_vh_

g‡bv‡hvM †`qv nq bv| Askx`vwiZ¡g~jK cÖwZ‡e`b

cÖYq‡bi Afve êwk¦Kfv‡e Zzjbxq Ges wek¦vm‡hvM¨

DcvË msMÖ‡n mxgve×Zv m„wó K‡i|

wPÎ 13 :

RvZxq wkÿvµ‡g me‡P‡q e¨vcK aviYv nj gvbevwaKvi

RvZxq wkÿvµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv AšÍf©y³ cÖ‡Z¨KwU Pz¤^K welq D‡jøL K‡i †`kmg~‡ni

kZKiv fvM, 2005-1015

gvbevwaK

vi

†UK

mB Dbœqb

êwk¦K

bvMwiK

Z¡

AwaKvi

MYZš¿

¯^vaxbZv

mvgvwRK b¨vq

gvbevwaKvi wkÿv

†UKmB Dbœqb

cÖwZ‡ek

cwi‡ek wkÿv

cwi‡ekMZ †UKmwnZv

Rjevqy cwieZ©b

bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm

eR©¨ eë¯’vcbv

A_©‰bwZK †UKmwnZv

mvgvwRK †UKmwnZv

†UKmB Dbœqb wkÿv

kvwš

Í I

Awnsmv

kvwšÍ

wbh©vZb/ nqivwb/wnsmv

kvwšÍ wkÿv

wek¦vqb

eû mvs¯„‹wZK ZË¡

êwk¦K bvMwiK (Z¡)

Awfevmb

êwk¦K cÖwZ‡hvwMZv

êwk¦K-¯’vwbK fvebv

êwk¦K AmgZv

†RÛvi mgZv

†RÛvi b¨vh¨Zv

†RÛvims‡e`bkxjZv

†RÛvi mgnvi

ÿgZvqb

†R

Ûvi mgZ

v

`ªóe¨: we‡kølYwU 78 †`‡ki bgybv †_‡K Kiv n‡q‡Q

m~Î: IBE (2016)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

51


djvdj

Awfjÿ¨ 4.7-Gi cÖavb cÖZ¨vkv nj êwk¦K bvMwiKZ¡ Ges †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b Ges Zvi cwiexÿY

†Kvb mnR KvR bq| c„w_exi BwZnvm, f~‡Mvj, AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôvbmg~n Ges êwk¦K cÖwµqv wel‡q †gŠwjK Ges ci¯úi

wbf©ikxj †eva Zvi GKUv m~Pbvwe›`y n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ G‡ÿ‡Î ÁvbvZ¥K g~j¨vqb LyeB mxwgZ| eû †`‡k gvÎ `yB-Z…Zxqvsk

wkÿv_x© me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ|

GKUv eo evav nj, ¯’vbxq g~j¨‡eva Ges µgea©gvb êwk¦K A½xKv‡ii g‡a¨ Uvbv‡cv‡ob| mv¤cÖwZK D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g

Awfjÿ¨ 4.7 cwiexÿ‡Yi †KŠkj DbœZZi Kivi †Póv n‡q‡Q, we‡klZ gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì Ici †Rvi †`qv

n‡q‡Q| 2016 mv‡j BD‡bm‡Kv Ges International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement

AvbyôvwbKfv‡e I †hŠ_fv‡e êwk¦K bvMwiKZ¡ Ges †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Áv‡bi cwigvc ïiæ K‡i‡Q| The Southeast Asia

Primary Learning Metrics cÂg †kªwY‡Z êwk¦K bvMwiK‡Z¡i Ici †Rvi w`‡q Zzjbvg~jK g~j¨vqb Dbœqb Ki‡Z D‡`¨vMx,

hv ¯’vwbK Ae¯’vi m‡½ AwaKZi gvÎvq gvwb‡q hvq|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.K

Sustainable Development Goal 4.A

wkÿvi my‡hvM

Ges wkLb cwi‡ek

Ò2013 mv‡j ¯^‡ívbœZ

†`k¸wji gvÎ 52%

cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡j h‡_ó cvwb

mieiv‡ni eë¯’v wQj|

Ó

Awfjÿ¨ 4.K-G wkï-†Kw›`ªKZv, MYZvwš¿K AskMÖnY Ges AšÍf©yw³‡K wkïevÜe ¯‹z‡ji Av`k© wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Gi me¸wjB êwk¦K cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mnvqK bq; wKš‘ ¯‹zj AeKvVv‡gv, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i eënvi Ges ¯‹z‡j mwnsmZv

I ¯‹z‡ji Ici AvNvZ-GB wZb Dcv`vb †ek mnvqK|

¯‹zj AeKvVv‡gv

wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b cvwb, cqwb®‹vkb Ges ¯^v¯’¨ wewam¤§Z myweav wkÿv I ¯^v‡¯’¨ BwZevPK cÖfve

†d‡j| Zv m‡Ë¡I 2013 mv‡j gvÎ 71% cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡j h‡_ó cvwb mieiv‡ni eë¯’v wQj Ges

49 ¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡k GB nvi 52%|

¯‹zj hw` Awbivc` nq, cÖvK…wZK wecwËi cÖfve †e‡o hvq| A‡bK †`‡k ¯‹z‡ji cwi‡ek

wbivc` wK bv †m wel‡q wbweofv‡e ZË¡veavb Kiv nq, wKš‘ me ¯‹z‡j ch©vßfv‡e cwiexÿY

m¤¢e nq bv| ¯‹z‡ji Ae¯’v †Kgb Zv wkÿv_x© Ges Rb‡Mvôx‡K Rvwb‡q †èvi Rb¨

AskMÖnYg~jK DcKiY Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

¯‹z‡j fwZ© nevi †ÿ‡Î cÖwZeÜx wkÿv_x©‡ì e¨vcK ai‡bi kvixwiK I mvgvwRK evav DËxY© n‡Z nq| cÖwZeÜx wkï‡ì Rb¨

cÖ‡qvRbxq myweavw` Av‡Q wK-bv, Zv RvbvI KóKi, KviY G wel‡q AwfMg¨ ¯‹z‡ji †Kvb msÁv †bB, Ges A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB

cwiexÿY myweav Lye mxwgZ|

¯‹z‡j Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i (ICT: AvBwmwU) cwiexÿ‡Yi wfwË nj 2003 mv‡ji Geneva Plan of Action of the World

Summit on the Information Society, hvi g‡a¨ wkÿv wel‡q `yÕwU Awfjÿ¨ i‡q‡Q|

52


Ò2009-2012 mv‡j 37

†`‡k 13 †_‡K 15 eQi

eqmx cÖvq 40% wkÿv_x©

Rvwb‡q‡Q Zviv kvixwiK

msN‡l© wjß n‡qwQj|

Ó

100

80

60

40

20

0


wPÎ 14:

KwZcq Mwie †`‡ki AwaKvsk ¯‹z‡j we`y¨r ms‡hvM †bB |

we`y¨r Av‡Q Ggb cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK ¯‹z‡ji AbycvZ, 2009-2014

we`y¨rmn ¯‹zj (%

)

wmG

Avi

gv`vMv¯‹vi

wm‡qivwjI

b

eyiæwÛ

bvBR

vi

†bcvj

gvqvbgvi

gvwj

wWA

vi K

‡½v

†Uv‡Mv

wMwb

†K

v‡iv‡gvm

BDA

vi Z

vbR

vwbqv

gvjvqx

jvI

wcwWA

vi

†m‡bMvj

†ewbb

wbK

viv¸qv

Rvw¤^qv

Mvw¤^qv

AvBfwi †K

v÷

Nvbv

BwiwÎqv

fviZ

†fwbR

y‡qjv

evsjv‡`k

bvwgweqv

f‚Uvb

K¨v‡ev fviwW

‡evZ

‡mvqvbv

BK

z‡qWi

B‡›`v‡bwkqv

wd

wjcvBb

†ewjR

gi‡°

v

mvD_ Z

wg/wcÖwÝwc

†K

v÷

vwiK

v

mywibvg

eªvwR

j

c¨viv¸‡q

Av‡R

©w›Ubv

†mvqvwR

j¨vÛ

Gj mvjfvì

mvD_ A

vwd

«Kv

Diæ¸‡q

Avj‡R

wiqv

_vBj¨vÛ

R`©vb

Bivb

wm‡Pjm

gwikvm

gvjØxc

wm½vcyi

†K

vwiqv

gvj‡qwkqv

nsK

s (Pxb)

KvZ

vi

c¨v‡j÷

vBb

¯‹z‡j AvBwmwU eënv‡ii Rb¨ wbqwgZfv‡e we`y¨‡Zi mieivn _vK‡Z n‡e| eû mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kvi †`‡k †K›`ªxqfv‡e

we`y¨‡Zi mieiv‡ni Afv‡e Gi eënvi e¨vnZ nq| ga¨ Avwd«Kvb cÖRvZ‡š¿ †Kvb cÖv_wgK ev gva¨wgK ¯‹zj we`y¨r eë¯’vi m‡½

hy³ bq| wMwb I gv`vMv¯‹v‡i cÖwZ 500 Rb wkÿv_x©i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q gvÎ GKwU Kw¤úDUvi|

mwnsmZv I ¯‹z‡ji Ici AvµgY

¯‹zj-m¤úwK©Z mwnsm ZrciZv Ges ûgwK ¯‹z‡ji †PŠnwÏ‡ZB N‡U _v‡K, ZvQvov ¯‹z‡j Avmvi c‡_, evwo‡Z Ges B›Uvi‡b‡UI

Zv NU‡Z cv‡i| ¯‹z‡ji g‡a¨ ev ¯‹z‡ji Ici ¸wjPvjbvi gZ P~ovšÍ NUbvi w`‡K †ewk g‡bv‡hvM _v‡K, wKš‘ mwnsmZvi mvaviY

iƒc wkï I wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì wkÿv AwfÁZvi Ici e¨vcKZi †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j| mvgvwRK ms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y G¸wji

msev` †Zgbfv‡e †kvbv hvq bv|

¯‹z‡j mwnsmZvi GKUv e¨vcK cÖKvk N‡U Rei`w¯Íi gva¨‡g| 2011 mv‡j Trends in International Mathmatics and

Science Study mgxÿvq †`Lv †M‡Q, Aóg †kªwYi wkÿv_x©‡ì cÖvq 41% c~e©eZx© gv‡m AšÍZ

GKevi Ggb Rei`w¯Í ev ûgwKi wkKvi n‡qwQj| kvixwiK AvNv‡Zi NUbvI cÖvqkB N‡U|

2009-2012 mv‡j 37 †`‡k 13 †_‡K 15 eQi eqmx cÖvq 40% wkÿv_x© Rvwb‡q‡Q Zviv

kvixwiK msN‡l© wjß n‡qwQj| †hŠb mwnsmZv ¯‹z‡j NwUZ aŸsmvZ¥K mwnsmZvi GKUv DuPz

gv‡ci D`vniY, hwÌ cÖvqkB Zvi gvÎv I cwiwa Avov‡j †_‡K hvq| mvaviYfv‡e êwk¦K

cwiwa‡Z ¯‹zjwfwËK mwnsm cÖeYZvi wbqwgZfv‡e cwigvY wbwðZ Ki‡Z wbqwgZ †hme cÖkœ

Kiv nq †m wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK Rwi‡ci D‡`¨v‡M AwaKZi mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkÿvi Ici Avµg‡Yi cwiexÿY GB mgm¨vi mgvav‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I Kvh©Ki D‡`¨vM Ges Gi

Rb¨ `vqx e¨w³‡ì kvw¯Í †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| 2005-2015-Gi g‡a¨ 26 †`‡ki ¯‹z‡j mvgwiK evwnbx‡K n¯Í‡ÿc Ki‡Z nq|

2009-2012 mv‡j QqwU †`‡k †`kcÖwZ wkÿv-m¤úwK©Z mwnsmZvi msL¨v wQj 1000 ev ZviI †ewk|

Proportion of primary and secondary schools with electricity, 2009–2014

Mya

nm

ar

Tog

o

Lao

PDR

Gh

ana

Bhut

an

Bots

wan

a

Para

gua

y

Uru

gu

ay

Gre

nad

a

Barb

ados

Bah

amas

Aru

ba

Kyrg

yzst

an

53


ÒGB cÖwZ‡e`‡b 54

miKvwi e„wË Kg©m~wPi †h

Z_¨ msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q Zv

†_‡K †`Lv hvq 25000

e„wË cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv

2015 mv‡j|

Ó

Awfjÿ¨ 4.L

$

Sustain

able Development Goal 4.B

e„wË

100

80

60

40

20

0

Igvb

wgki

ZzK

©m/mvB‡K

vm Øxc

wÎwb`v`/‡Uvev‡K

v

‡mB›U gvwU©b

‡m›U wfb‡m›U/MÖvbvW

‡mB›U jywmqv

‡m›U wK

U&m/‡bwfm

g›U‡mivU

R¨vgvBK

v

MÖvbvWv

WwgwbK

v

KzivK

vI

wK

Dev

K¨vgvb Øxc

fvwR

©b Øxc

eviev‡WvR

evnvgvm

Aiæev

Gw›U¸qv/evigyWv

G‡½vjv

wK

iwMR

¯Ívb

RwR

©qv

Avi‡gwbqv

†ejviæk

Awfjÿ¨ 4.L wbw`©ó wKQy †`‡ki g‡a¨ mxwgZ, me©Rbxb G‡RÐvi m‡½ Zv mym½Z g‡b nq bv| me Awfj‡ÿï gZ GUvI

wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ AmgZv n«vm Ki‡Z Pvq, wKš‘ GUv †`‡ki g‡a¨B AmgZv evwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i, KviY e„wËcÖvß‡ì A‡b‡KiB

myweav‡fvMx †cÖÿvcU _v‡K| ZvQvov eû e„wËcÖvß e¨w³ Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì †`‡k Avi wd‡i Av‡m bv| G †_‡K g‡b nq, e„wË abx

†`k¸wji D”P wkÿvi cÖwZôvb¸wji Rb¨B jvfRbK, Zv †_‡K Mwie †`k¸wj myweav cvq bv|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.L-i g‡a¨ wewfbœ w`K †_‡K NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| mycvwik Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h,

e„wËcÖvßiv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì †`k Qvov Ab¨Î D”P wkÿv MÖnY Ki‡e Ges AvswkKfv‡e n‡jI

Zv‡Z †hb miKvwi mnvqZv _v‡K|

†hme wkÿv_x© we‡`‡k cov‡kvbv Ki‡Q (evB‡i P‡j hvevi AbycvZ) ZvivI IB †`‡ki

D”Pwkÿvq †gvU fwZ©i kZKiv nv‡ii AšÍf©y³| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Gi AbycvZ 1.8%| wKš‘

wKQy †`‡k, we‡klZ ÿz`ª Dbœqbkxj Øxc‡`‡k GB nvi A‡bK Ic‡i| †m›U jywmqvi cÖwZ `k

R‡bi g‡a¨ cuvP Rb we‡`‡k cov‡kvbv K‡i|

wPÎ 15:

e„wË mnvqZv Ges Awfhy³ Kiv hvq Ggb wkÿv_©x‡ì Li‡Pi A‡a©KUv

13wU ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k †K›`ªxf~Z

e„wË I ÎæwUhy³ wkÿv_©x e¨q MÖnxZv †`‡k eÈb, 2014

m~Î: OECD DAC Dcv‡Ëi wfwË‡Z wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY (2016)

gva¨wgK

cÖv_wgK

US 996 wgwjqb

¯^‡ívbœZ †`k I

Dbœqbkxj Øxcivóªmg~n

386

51

60

71

71

74

80 81

85

91

112

113

162

370

Pxb

gi‡°v

fviZ

Avj‡Rwiqv

Zzi¯‹

wZDwbwmqv

K¨v‡giæb

wf‡qZbvg

BD‡µb

Bivb

eªvwRj

B‡›`v‡bwkqv

wmwiqv

Ab¨vb¨

54


GmwWwR wkÿK‡ì‡K Ôev¯Íevq‡bi nvwZqviÕ e‡j g‡b K‡i, G wb‡q wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ g„`y †ÿvf Av‡Q| Ges Gi d‡j GB

†ckvi †gŠwjK Ae`vb‡K †QvU K‡i †`Lvi SuywK i‡q‡Q| KviY wkÿKivB gvbm¤§Z wkÿv cÖ`vb Ges GKwU BwZevPK wkLb

cwi‡ek MV‡b Ae`vb iv‡Lb| wkÿK‡ì g~j mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© mxwgZ aviYv _vKvi Rb¨ GB Awfj‡ÿï cÖYq‡b `ye©jZv †_‡K

†M‡Q|

Education 2030 Framework for Action-G cÖKvwkZ e¨vcKZi `vqe×Zvq cwiexÿ‡Yi mswkøó wel‡q wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b

ejv n‡q‡Q| IB Kg© cwiKíbvq ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔwkÿK I wkÿvwe`‡ì ÿgZvqb, h‡_ó msL¨K wb‡qvM, DbœZ cÖwkÿY, †ckvMZ

†hvM¨Zv, cÖ‡Yv`bv I mnvqZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡eÕ|

h‡_ó msL¨K †hvM¨ wkÿK wb‡qvM/mieivn

Mwie †`k¸wj‡Z †kªwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡ì fqvbK Pvc _v‡K, hv‡Z †evSv hvq h‡_ó msL¨K wkÿK †bB| wkÿK‡ì GB

msL¨víZvi †ÿ‡Î `ywU cÖavb P¨v‡jÄ Av‡Q| Mo wkÿK cÖvc¨Zvi cwimsL¨v‡b †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AmgZv Av‡Q Ges

¸Ygvb †_‡K wkÿK‡ì msL¨v‡K Avjv`v Kiv hv‡e bv| bxwZ-wba©viKiv cÖvqkB fwZ©i msL¨v evov‡Z AvMÖnx, Zv‡Z †kªwYK‡ÿ

wkÿv_©xi msL¨v ev‡o, wkÿK wb‡qv‡Mi gvb †b‡g hvq|

Ô†hvM¨Õ wkÿK‡ì wb‡qvM wel‡q Awfj‡ÿ¨ hv ejv Av‡Q, Zvi DcvË †ek `yj©f, †hvM¨ ej‡Z ïay †jLvcovi wWMÖxi K_v ejv

n‡q _v‡K| 2014 mv‡j, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i cov‡bvi Rb¨ M‡o 82% wkÿ‡Ki me©wb¤œ †hvM¨Zv wQj, cÖv_wg‡K GB nvi 93%

Ges gva¨wg‡K 88%|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.M

AevK nevi e¨vcvi nj, e„wËi msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i mymgwš^Z †Kvb êwk¦K mvÿ¨cÖgvY †bB, cÖvcK‡ì RvZxqZv Ges wkÿvjv‡fi

e¨vcvi †Zv c‡ii K_v| 54 miKvwi e„wË Kg©m~wPi Ici KvR K‡i wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b GB Z_¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q †h, 2015 mv‡j

22,500 e„wË †`qv n‡q‡Q| wb¤œ I wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`k¸wj †_‡K 1% åvg¨gvY wkÿv_©x cvIqv †M‡Q|

e„wËi wel‡q êwk¦K †KŠkj wVK Ki‡Z cÖ`Ë e„wËi msL¨v, e„wËi ˆ`N©¨, cÖvcK‡ì g‡a¨ hviv †jLvcov †kl K‡i‡Q Ges Gi

g‡a¨ hviv †`‡k wd‡i‡Q Ggb me wb‡`©k‡Ki Ici cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

A_© mnvqZvi DcvË †_‡K e„wË Kg©m~wPi AvswkK wPÎ cvIqv hvq| 2014 mv‡j e„wË Ges wkÿv_©x mnvqZvq 2.8 wewjqb gvwK©b

Wjvi eivÏ †`qv n‡qwQj| Gi g‡a¨ 386 gvwK©b Wjvi LiP Kiv n‡qwQj ¯^‡ívbœZ Ges ÿz`ª Dbœqbkxj Øxc iv‡óªi Rb¨|

Sustainable Development Goal 4.C

wkÿK

55


êwk¦K Awfjÿ¨ 4.M nj

me©wb¤œ cÖwkÿYcÖvß wkÿK‡ì

kZKiv nvi| GUv GKUv

e¨vcK welq Ges RvZxq

gv‡bi m‡½ Zzjbvi †ÿ‡Î

wbw`©óZvq NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| Zv

m‡Ë¡I ¯úó mvÿ¨cÖgvY i‡q‡Q,

eû wkÿ‡KiB me©wb¤œ cÖwkÿY

†bB| K¨vwiweqb AÂ‡j

cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii 85% RbB

cÖwkwÿZ wkÿK| DËi

Avwd«Kv Ges cwðg Gwkqvq

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii 73% Rb

cÖwkwÿZ wkÿK i‡q‡Q| mve-

mvnvivb Avwd«Kvq cÖvK-

cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i A‡a©‡KiI Kg

Ges D”P gva¨wg‡K wZb-

PZz_©vsk wkÿKB cÖwkwÿZ|

2002 †_‡K 2014 mv‡j

wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Y mnvqZvi

cwigvY nj 251 wgwjqb

gvwK©b Wjvi, hv Av‡Mi †P‡q

wZb ¸Y †ewk Ges wkÿvq †gvU mnvqZvi 2%-Gi mgvb| ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸wj wkÿvq †gvU mnvqZvi 41% †c‡q‡Q wkÿK

cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨, Avevi †mB Zzjbvq ÿz`ª Øxc ivóª †c‡q‡Q gvÎ 7%|

wkÿK cÖ‡Yv`bv Ges mnvqZv

Education 2030 Framework for Action-G wKfv‡e wkÿK‡ì cÖ‡Yv`bv I mnvqZv †`qv hvq, Zv GKwU cÖavb

bxwZwba©viYx welq wn‡m‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Yv`bv I Kg©‡ÿ‡Î m‡šÍv‡li wel‡q wkÿK‡ì KvQ †_‡K mivmwi †R‡b wb‡q

msev` msMÖn †ek eo iK‡gi P¨v‡jÄ|

GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b cÖavbZ miKvwi bxwZi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z evwn¨K wel‡qi cÖwZdjb Av‡Q| cÖe„ËKiY I civgk© `vb, weiwZnxb

†ckvMZ Dbœqb, Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek Ges †eZb Gi AšÍf©y³| 2013 mv‡ji Teaching and Learning International Survey-

†Z †`Lv hv‡”Q, cuvP eQ‡ii Kg AwfÁZvm¤úbœ wb¤œ gva¨wgK ¯‹z‡ji wkÿK‡ì cÖvq 25% e‡j‡Qb, Zv‡ì Rb¨ civgk©K †`qv

n‡q‡Q; wPwj‡Z GB nvi 6% Ges BZvwj‡Z 9%|

GB †ckvq DrK…ó gv‡bi wkÿ‡Ki wb‡qvM I PvKzwi‡Z a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ cÖavb welq nj cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK †eZb-fvZv cÖ`vb|

WwgwbKvb cÖRvZ‡š¿ GKRb wkÿK Ab¨ †ckvRxex‡ì Av‡qi cÖvq 70% †eZb wn‡m‡e †c‡q _v‡Kb Ges Diæ¸‡q‡Z wkÿKiv

mvgvb¨ evowZ myweav cvb|

†gv‡Ui Ici wkÿK‡ì †eZb, PvKzwi‡ÿ‡Îi cwi‡ek Ges †ÿvf m¤ú‡K© wek¦vm‡hvM¨ DcvË †c‡Z Av‡iv eû`~i †h‡Z n‡e|


wPÎ 16:

mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kvq cÖvK-cÖv_wg‡K A‡a©‡Ki †ewk Ges gva¨wg‡K

GK-PZz_©vsk wkÿK cÖwkwÿZ bb|

wkÿvi ¯Íi Ges AÂjwfwËK cÖwkwÿZ wkÿK‡ì kZKiv nvi, 2014

cÖwkwÿ

Z wkÿ

K (%

)

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK cÖv_wgK gva¨wgK

mve mvnvivb

Avwd«Kv

K‡Kkvm I

ga¨ Gwkqv

`wÿY c~e©

Gwkqv

DËi Avwd«Kv

I cwðg Gwkqv

K¨vwiweqvb

56


2030 G‡RÛvq ev¯Íevq‡bi cš’v wel‡q 3wU Awfjÿ¨ AšÍf©y³ Av‡Q| wKš‘ Zvi †KvbUvq wkÿvq A_©vqb wel‡q wKQy ejv nqwb,

hwÌ mylg Ges h_vh_ A_©vq‡bi Afv‡e c„w_ex 2015 mv‡j EFA AR©b Ki‡Z e¨_© nq|

A_©vq‡bi Awfjÿ¨ bv _vK‡jI mvgwMÖK Ges wbqwgZ wkÿv A_©vq‡bi DcvË wkÿvLv‡Z Kvh©Ki cwiKíbv Ges mKj

mn‡hvMx‡ì êwk¦K wkÿv G‡RÛvq `vqe×Zv cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU c~e©kZ©|

RvZxq wkÿv wnmve

wkÿvi A_©vq‡bi DcvËfvÐvi Lye Kg mgqB we‡ePbv K‡i †h wKfv‡e wkÿv e¨‡qi Drm¸‡jv GKwÎZ nq Ges G‡K Aci‡K

cÖfvweZ K‡i, Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q miKvwi e¨q, evB‡ii †`‡ki mnvqZv Ges cwiev‡ii wewfbœ LiP| GKB iK‡gi evavi gy‡LvgywL

¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z e¨‡qi DcvË msMÖn I cÖwµqv Kivi Rb¨ RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨ wn‡me cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

mv¤cÖwZK M„nxZ Ggb GKwU cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ nj 8wU †`‡k RvZxq wkÿv wnmve (NEA) c×wZ cÖPjb Kiv| D`vniY¯îƒc,

†bcvj miKvi wRwWwc-i 3.5% wkÿvq e¨q K‡i hv wf‡qZbv‡gi †P‡q kZKiv 26 c‡q›U Kg| wKš‘ hLb Mvn©¯’¨ Ges Ab¨vb¨

m~Î‡K GKm‡½ K‡i MYbv Kiv nq ZLb GB Ae¯’v wecixZ n‡q hvq| †bcvj wkÿvLv‡Z wf‡qZbv‡gi †P‡q 1.5 kZKiv

c‡q›U †ewk eivÏ K‡i|

A_©‰bwZK Dcv‡Ëi Dbœqb mvab

kw³kvjx RvZxq wkÿv wnmve M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ miKvi †_‡K cvIqv A_©, mn‡hvMx‡ì mvnvh¨ Ges cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb wel‡q

Z‡_ï DbœwZ mvab Ki‡Z n‡e|

miKvwi LiP

The Education 2030 Framework for Action `yÕwU welq‡K LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I cÖ‡qvRbxq e‡j cÖ¯Íve K‡i‡Q : wkÿvq

wRwWwc-i AšÍZ 4%-6% eivÏ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges/A_ev †gvU miKvwi e¨‡qi 15%-20% wkÿvi Rb¨ eivÏ Ki‡Z n‡e|

êwk¦Kfv‡e wewfbœ †`k wkÿvq wRwWwc-i 4.7% e¨q K‡i Ges miKvwi e¨‡qi 14.2% eivÏ K‡i; 35wU †`k wRwWwc-i 4%-

Gi †P‡qI Kg e¨q K‡i Ges miKvwi e¨‡qi 15%-Gi †P‡qI Kg eivÏ K‡i|

Awfjÿ¨ 4.5

Sustain


A_©vqb

†Uwej 3:

AÂj Ges †`‡ki Av‡qi wfwË‡Z wkÿvLv‡Z miKvwi e¨q, 2014

wek¦ 4.6 51 14.2 70 35

wb¤œ Avq 3.9 13 16.7 9 9

wb¤œ ga¨g Avq 4.1 13 15.6 13 10

D”P ga¨g Avq 4.6 9 15.7 11 7

D”P Avq 4.9 16 11.9 37 9

K‡Kkvm I ga¨ Gwkqv 2.8 4 12.9 3 3

c~e© I `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqv 3.9 7 15.4 6 4

BD‡ivc I DËi Av‡gwiKv 5.0 7 12.1 31 5

jvwZb Av‡gwiKv I K¨vwiweqvb 4.9 7 16.1 6 3

DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg Gwkqv ---- 3 --- 5 3

cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMixq --- 2 --- 2 1

`wÿY Gwkqv 3.8 5 15.3 4 4

mve mvnvivb Avwd«Kv 4.3 16 16.6 13 12

`ªóe¨: mKj gvb ga¨‡f`x


wRwWwc-i kZvsk wnmv‡e

miKvwi e¨q

wRwWwc-i 4% Gi

Kg e¨q Kiv †`‡ki msL¨v

wRwWwc-i 4% Gi Kg

I miKvwi e¨‡qi 15%Gi Kg

e¨q Kiv †`‡ki msL¨v

miKvwi e¨‡qi kZvsk

wn‡m‡e miKvwi wkÿv e¨q

miKvwi e¨‡qi 15% Gi

†P‡q Kg e¨q Kiv †`‡ki msL¨v


57

miKvwi wkÿv A_©vq‡bi cÖavb wb‡`©k‡Ki we‡kølY †_‡K GKwU fyj Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| †Kej 60 fvM †`‡k 2000 mvj †_‡K

A`¨vewa wRwWwc-i kZKiv nv‡ii wecix‡Z †gvU wkÿv e¨‡qi DcvË cvIqv hvq| wkÿv e¨‡qi Ici fvj Z_¨cÖvwß wbwðZ

Ki‡Z n‡j RvZxq ch©v‡q miKvwi e¨q eë¯’vcbv‡K DbœZ n‡Z n‡e|

miKvwi e¨‡qi mgxÿvq b¨vh¨Zv Ges Zv wkÿvi Amyweav c~i‡Y KZUv mnvqK Zvi Ici †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨

Zzjbv m¤¢eci, wKš‘ Zvi R‡b¨ GKwU cÖwµqv MV‡b e¨vcK cÖ‡Póv wb‡Z n‡e| GQvov GKwU iƒc‡iLvi e¨vcv‡i mngZ Ges

Zvi cÖK…Z g~j¨vqb cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| wewfbœ †`k‡K GKwU g‡Â Avbvi Rb¨ GKwU †hŠ_ mgxÿv †KŠkj cÖwZôvi Ici †Rvi w`‡Z

n‡e, hvi gva¨‡g G‡K A‡bï KvQ †_‡K wkL‡Z cv‡i|

mnvqZvi e¨q

eQ‡i 39 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi A_©vq‡bi †h NvUwZ i‡q‡Q Zv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ eZ©gvb mnvqZvi cwigvY Kgc‡ÿ 6 ¸Y evov‡Z

n‡e| wKš‘ 2010 mv‡ji m‡e©v”P A_© mnvqZvi Zzjbvq 2014 mv‡j mnvqZvi ¯Íi 7% n«vm cvq| hw` `vZv ms¯’viv Zv‡ì †gvU

RvZxq Av‡qi 0.7% mnvqZvi Rb¨ Ges †gŠwjK I gva¨wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ kZKiv 10 fvM mnvqZv eivÏ KiZ, Zvn‡j GB

NvUwZ c~iY n‡q †hZ| 2005 mvj †_‡K `vZv †`k¸wji me©‡gvU mnvqZv Zv‡ì RvZxq Av‡qi 0.3%-Gi g‡a¨ IVvbvgv

K‡i‡Q|

mnvqZv cvevi †ÿ‡Î AwaKZi Mwie †`‡ki AMÖvwaKvi cvIqv DwPZ| wKš‘ 2014 mv‡j wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k¸wj †gŠwjK wkÿvq

†gvU mnvqZvi kZKiv 28 fvM †c‡q‡Q, Avevi Zv‡ì g‡a¨ kZKiv 43 Rb wkï cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcb K‡iwb|

gvbweK mvnv‡hï AskUvi cÖwZI bRi w`‡Z n‡e| 2015 mv‡j wkÿvLv‡Z cvIqv †M‡Q 198 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi hv †gvU

gvbweK mvnv‡hï 1.9% Kg|

cvwievwiK LiP

AwaKZi abx †`‡ki †P‡q AwaKZi Mwie †`‡k wkÿvi †gvU e¨‡q cvwievwiK LiP †ewk nIqvi cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq| bZzb wkÿv

Awfj‡ÿ¨ b¨vh¨Zvi Ici †h †Rvi †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cvwievwiK LiP n«vm Kiv ìKvi| AwaKvsk †`‡kB cvwievwiK

Li‡Pi wel‡q Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡bi we‡kølY †_‡K †`Lv hvq, 2008 †_‡K 2014 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wb¤œ Ges ga¨g

Av‡qi †`k¸wji g‡a¨ AšÍZ 99wU †Z RvZxq e¨‡qi Rwi‡c cÖvmw½K cÖkœ DÌvwcZ n‡q‡Q: 67wU †`k e¨w³wfwËK Li‡Pi cÖkœ

AšÍf©y³ K‡iwQj| bxwZ-wba©vi‡Kiv GBme Dcv‡Ëi Aw¯ÍË¡ Ges ¸iæZ¡ wel‡q Am‡PZb n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi we‡kølY Ges †mB

Abyhvqx cÖvmw½K wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Zv‡ì mÿgZvI mxwgZ n‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ 17:

wkÿv mnvqZv GL‡bv 2010-Gi ch©v‡q †cuŠQvqwb

wkÿv eiv‡Ï †gvU mnvqZvi cwigvY, 2002-2014

m~Î: OECD CRS DcvË fvÐv‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`K `‡ji we‡kølY

aªæeK

2014 wewjqb gvwK

©b Wjvi

†gŠwjK wkÿvi †gvU mnvqZv

gva¨wgK wkÿvi †gvU mnvqZv

DËi-gva¨wgK wkÿvi †gvU mnvqZv

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2.6

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.8

2.8

4.2

4.0

4.5

4.9

5.1 4.8

5.4

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.3

4.9

13.1

13.6

12.8

13.6

14.2

14.0

11.9

12.1

11.0

9.8

8.9

8.5

6.5

2.9

3.2

3.6

4.1

4.5

5.0

5.1

6.1

6.2

5.9

5.3

5.6

5.3

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

58


wkÿv eë¯’v

Ò wkÿveë¯’ v I

bxwZgvjvi mgxÿvi Rb¨

GKwU êwk¦K iƒc‡iLv nqZ

AvKvw•ÿZ n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘

eënvwiK Kvi‡Y GKwU

AvÂwjK ev Dc-AvÂwjK

cš’vB AwaK Kvh©Ki|

Ó

wkÿv 2030 G‡RÛvi cwiexÿY‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ wkÿv eë¯’v I bxwZi GKUv

e¨vcK cwim‡ii AvBbwm× Ges e¨vcKfv‡e ¸YevPK wb‡`©kK ìKvi| GKwU êwk¦K

iƒc‡iLv nqZ AvKvw•ÿZ n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ eënvwiK Kvi‡Y GKwU AvÂwjK ev Dc-

AvÂwjK cš’vB AwaK Kvh©Ki|

wkÿveë¯’v cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ êwk¦K DcKiY

1996 mv‡j UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) wkÿv wmwi‡Ri

Ici wek¦ DcvËfvÐvi cÖwZôv K‡i| êwk¦K ¯Í‡i wkÿv eë¯’vi GUv GK g~jëvb Z‡_ï

Drm| wKš‘ m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zvi Rb¨ Gi Dbœqb e¨vnZ nq Ges GB wmwiR‡K nvjbvMv`

Kivi †Kvb cwiKíbv †bB| 2011 mv‡j GUv †kl ev‡ii gZ cÖKvwkZ nq|

BD‡bm‡Kv †_‡K eva¨Zvg~jK, webv e¨‡q wkÿv Ges TVET wel‡q wkÿv eë¯’v m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ êwk¦K DcvËfvÐvi cÖvße¨|

2011 mv‡j cÖ_g Db¥y³ wek¦e¨vs‡Ki Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) †_‡K bxwZ m¤úwK©Z

Av‡iv myMfxi Z_¨ cvIqv hv‡e| GUv RvZxq wkÿv eë¯’vi 13 Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`q| GUv‡K êwk¦K cwiexÿ‡Yi

DcKiY wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡j `yÕwU wel‡qi cÖwZ bRi w`‡Z n‡e: wewfbœ mgxÿvi cwiwa, AšÍf©yw³ Ges wbqgwbw`©óZv

wel‡q HKgZ¨ Ges e„nËi ˆ`wkK gvwjKvbv‡eva|

wkÿveë¯’v cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ AvÂwjK DcKiY

êwk¦K ¯Í‡ii †P‡q AvÂwjK ¯Í‡i cwiexÿY AwaKZi Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb AvÂwjK ms¯’vi m`më„›` wb‡R‡ì

wkÿveë¯’v m¤^‡Ü †¯^”Qvq Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b A‡bK †ewk AvMÖnx n‡eb| wZbwU eo D`vniY Av‡Q| 1980 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ

Eurydice Network on Education Systems and Policies in Europe eZ©gv‡b 36 †`‡ki 40 RvZxq ms¯’vi †Rv‡U

we¯Í…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q| OECD-i Indicators of Education Systems (INES) Kg©m~wPi ïiæ n‡qwQj 1992 mv‡j| 2009 mv‡j

Gi wZbwU †RvU weewZ©Z n‡q ùvovq INES Network for System-Level Indicators (NESLI)| Organisation of Ibero-

American States-Gi GKUv wkÿv †KŠkj Av‡Q, GKUv we‡klvwqZ KwgwU Av‡Q, hviv wb‡`©k‡Ki AMÖMwZi mgxÿv K‡i,

Gme wb‡`©k‡Ki K‡qKwU eë¯’vi m‡½ hy³|

wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b wkÿv eë¯’vq wb‡`©kK wel‡q ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q, †h¸wji cwiexÿY AvÂwjK ch©v‡q wewfbœ miKv‡ii g‡a¨

msjvc I cvi¯úwiK wkL‡b mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

59


Ab¨vb¨ †UKmB Dbœqb j‡ÿ¨ wkÿvi Ae¯’vb

wPÎ 18:

Kvw•ÿZ Dbœqb djvd‡ji m‡½ wkÿv BwZevPKfv‡e m¤úwK©Z

wK‡kvix Rb¥nvi (15 †_‡K 19 eQi eqmx 1000 bvixi Rb¥nvi), 1997-2014

m~Î: RbwgwZ I ¯^v¯’¨ Rwic, STAY msKjb (2016)

wkÿv ewÂZ

cÖv_wgK

gva¨wgK

D”PZi

cÖwZ

1000 bvixi R

b¥nvi

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1998 2011 1998 2014 1997 2009 2000 2011 2001 2011 2007 2013 1997 2013 2000 2014 2000 2012 2000 2012 2000

K‡¤^vwWqv†ciænvBwZwgkiB‡q‡gbcvwK¯Ívb†bcvjBw_Iwcqvgv`vMv¯‹viNvbvK¨v‡giæb

cwðg I ga¨ Avwd«Kv c~e© I `wÿY Avwd«Kv `wÿY Gwkqv `wÿY Avwd«Kv I

cwðg Gwkqv

jvwZb Av‡gwiKv

I K¨vwiweqvb

c~e© I `wÿY-cwðg Gwkqv

B‡›`v‡bwkqv

2014 1997 2012

ÒGmwWwR 4 e¨ZxZ

cuvPwU êwk¦K wb‡`©k‡K

wkÿvi cÖm½ G‡m‡Q

cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e|

Ó

†UKmB Dbœq‡bi 2030 G‡RÛv ïay Avjv`v jÿ¨ wn‡m‡e wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ ¯^xKvi K‡i bv, Ab¨vb¨ jÿ¨ AR©‡b wkÿvi

cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_vI Zz‡j a‡i| GmwWwR 4 QvovI Ab¨vb¨ j‡ÿÏ Ggb wb‡`©kK Av‡Q, hv mivmwi A_ev c‡ivÿfv‡e wkÿvi

cÖm‡½i mv‡_ RwoZ|

wkÿv wel‡q cÖZ¨ÿ cÖm½

GmwWwR 4 e¨ZxZ cuvPwU êwk¦K wb‡`©k‡K wkÿvi cÖm½ G‡m‡Q cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e: wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨

Ges mvgvwRK myiÿv wel‡q e¨‡qi cÖm‡½; †RÛvi mgZv AR©‡b wkÿvi f~wgKv cÖm‡½; Ges

êwk¦K bvMwiKZ¡ wkÿv Ges †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv cÖm‡½|

wkÿv wel‡q c‡ivÿ cÖm½

wb‡`©kK cwiexÿ‡Y wkÿv cÖm½ G‡m‡Q, Z`ycwi fwel¨r wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b Ab¨vb¨

GmwWwR-i g‡a¨ wkÿvi c‡ivÿ cÖm‡½i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`qv n‡e| wZbwU D`vniY we‡klfv‡e DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q: wkÿv Ab¨vb¨

Dbœqb djvd‡ji m‡½ hy³ GKwU Dcv`vb; †hme wb‡`©kK gvbe m¤ú` `ÿZvi m‡½ hy³ Ges †h¸wj †ckvMZ I D”P wkÿvi

m‡½ m¤úwK©Z; Ges eq¯‹ wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv|

cÖvmw½K êwk¦K wb‡`©kKmg~‡ni wkÿvi ¯Í‡ii gva¨‡g c„_KxKiY AšÍtw¯’Z AmgZvi Ici evowZ Av‡jv †d‡j, GB AmgZvB

GmwWwR Awfjÿ¨ AR©‡b evav m„wó K‡i| †hme êwk¦K wb‡`©kK Gfv‡e cwiexÿY Kiv m¤¢e Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, `vwi`ª¨, Acywó,

evj¨weevn, DbœZ cqwb®‹vk‡b AwfMg¨Zv, we`y¨r cÖvwß‡Z AwfMg¨Zv, †eKviZ¡, ew¯Íi RbmsL¨v, cybiveZ©b, `y‡h©vMRwbZ g„Zz¨,

mwnsmZv Ges Rb¥ wbeÜb| D`vniY¯îƒc, 2008-2015 mv‡ji DcvË Abyhvqx 54 wb¤œ I ga¨g [Av‡qi] †`‡k, cÖwZ 1000

bvixi Mo Rb¥ nv‡i 176 Rb †KvbiKg wkÿv jvf K‡ibwb, 142 Rb cÖv_wgK ¯Íi ch©šÍ c‡o‡Qb, 61 Rb gva¨wgK ch©šÍ Ges

13 Rb D”P wkÿv †c‡q‡Qb|

60


cÖwZwU GmwWwR 4-Gi Awfjÿ¨ cwiexÿ‡Yi P¨v‡jÄ wel‡q mgxÿv RvZxq, AvÂwjK Ges êwk¦K ch©v‡q wKQy AMÖvwaKvig~jK

Kg©cš’vi w`‡K A½ywj wb‡`©k K‡i| GmwWwR 4-Gi AMÖMwZ wel‡q êwk¦K msjv‡ci Rb¨ h‡_ó Zzjbvg~jK Z_¨ Av‡Q, †mUv

wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨B GB AMÖvwaKvi wba©viY| Gi A_© GB bq †h wbR †`‡ki wkÿv welqK wePv‡i ˆ`wkK cwiexÿY‡K Lv‡Uv

K‡i †`Lv n‡”Q| ˆ`wkK cwiexÿY RvZxq †cÖÿvcU Ges mywbw`©ó cÖ‡qvR‡bi Ici †Rvi w`‡q _v‡K|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ cwiexÿY iƒc‡iLv AvšÍR©vwZK I RvZxq ms¯’v¸wji Rb¨ Ggb GKUv gÂ ˆZwi Ki‡e †hLv‡b AMÖMwZ I cwigvcK

P¨v‡jÄmg~n m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡e| kw³kvjx †`kxq cÖwZwbwaZ¡mn be cÖwZwôZ KvwiMwi mn‡hvwMZv †Mvôx GB

iƒc‡iLvi Av‡iv Dbœqb mvab Ges ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e| Zvi gva¨‡g wkÿvi cwiexÿY wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK msjvc Av‡iv MwZkxj

n‡e|

RvZxq ch©v‡q: QqwU GjvKvq mÿgZv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e

cieZ©x wZb †_‡K cuvP eQ‡i ev¯Íe AMÖMwZ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Ges wkÿvi êwk¦K cwiexÿ‡Y Ae`vb ivLvi cvkvcvwk RvZxq

cwiexÿY †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z QqwU we‡kl c`‡ÿ‡ci K_v cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡”Q|

b¨vh¨Zv: †gŠwjK we‡f` Zz‡j ai‡Z Ges Dcv‡Ëi Dr‡mi e¨vcKZi êwP‡Îï eënv‡i wkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges RvZxq cwimsL¨vb

ms¯’vi g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb|

wkLbdj: †`k¸‡jv‡K GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e GKwU kw³kvjx bgybvwfwËK wkLb g~j¨vq‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av‡Q †hUv‡K AbvMZ

mg‡q wkL‡bi AMÖMwZ cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv hv‡e|

¸Ygvb: Awfjÿ¨ 4.7-Gi D‡Ïk¨mg~‡ni cÖwZ h_vh_ `vqe×Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z †`kmg~n‡K wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges wkÿK

wkÿv Kg©m~wP wbweofv‡e cwiexÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|

Rxebe¨vcx wkLb: †`kmg~n‡K wkÿvi Pvwn`v, my‡hvMmg~n Ges eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôxi AR©b wel‡q cwiexÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| GB

Rb‡MvôxB †UKmB Dbœqb wel‡q g~jëvb wm×všÍ MnY Ki‡e|

eë¯’vmg~n: AvÂwjK ms¯’vmg~n wewfbœ †`‡ki Rb¨ h_vh_ †dvivg m„wó K‡i, †hLvb †_‡K wewfbœ wkÿv eë¯’vi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K©

Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡e Ges cvi¯úwiKfv‡e G‡K A‡bï KvQ †_‡K wkL‡Z cvi‡e|

A_©vqb: wewfbœ †`k hv‡Z RvZxq wkÿv wnmve cÖPjb K‡i †mRb¨ Zv‡ì DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi gva¨‡g fv‡jvfv‡e †evSv

hv‡e wKfv‡e miKvi, `vZv ms¯’v I cwievi wkÿv e¨q enb K‡i|

AvÂwjK ch©v‡q: †hŠ_ wkLb‡K mnvqZv w`‡Z n‡e

AvÂwjK †RvU‡K †hŠ_ wkL‡bi †KŠkj wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i, wewfbœ †`k Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯îƒc,

D‡Ïk¨ I bxwZi w`K †_‡K wkÿvq †h Amyweav Av‡Q Zv `~i Kivi eë¯’v Ges †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv I êwk¦K bvMwiKZ¡

wkÿvi Rb¨ hZ`~i ch©šÍ hvIqv m¤¢e Zvi eë¯’v Kiv|

êwk¦K ch©v‡q: HKgZ¨ I mgš^q e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e

cwigvcK DcKiY Ges êwk¦K wel‡q M‡elYvi Rb¨ mgš^q mva‡b wZbwU c`‡ÿ‡ci cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡”Q| A‡bK¸wj cÖavb

k~b¨¯’vb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wkÿv‡K †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z †i‡L GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK Lvbv Rwic Kg©m~wP MÖnY cÖ‡qvRb| wkLbdj cwiexÿY

Kivi Rb¨ GKwU Ae¨vnZ D‡`¨vM †bqv ìKvi, Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡e Ggb wbqgwewa hv‡Z `vZvms¯’vi mnvqZvq cybiveZ©b bv

N‡U| êwk¦K wkÿv cwigvcK mgm¨v wb‡q GKwU M‡elYv †K›`ª cÖwZôvi Rb¨ †Rvi mycvwik Kiv n‡”Q| Gi gva¨‡g wkÿvi

cÖavb djvdj wel‡q HKgZ¨ ¯’vc‡b mnvqZv Kiv n‡e|

wkÿvq DcvË wecøe NUv‡Z n‡e, hvi gva¨‡g †gŠwjK aviYv, kw³kvjx eë¯’vq wewb‡qvM, AwfMg¨Zv, gy³gb Ges Dcv‡Ëi

Revew`wnZvi wbðqZv cÖf„wZ mgš^q mvab K‡i m¤§wZ M‡o †Zvjv hvq|

†UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvq wkÿv cwiexÿ‡Y AMÖvwaKvi

61


www.unesco.org/publishing • www.unesco.org/gemreport

SustainableDevelopmentGoals

United Nations

Cultural Organization

Sustainable DevelopmentGoals



gvbyl I we‡k¦i Rb¨ wkÿv : mevi Rb¨ †UKmB fwel¨r wbg©vY nj

2030-Gi bZzb †UKmB Dbœqb G‡RÛvi RwUj m¤úK© wb‡q

Av‡jvPbv, hvi g‡a¨ QqwU †gŠwjK ¯Í¤¢ AšÍf©y³- wek¦, mg„w×, gvbyl

kvwšÍ, ¯’vb Ges mn‡hvwMZv| GB cÖwZ‡e`b †_‡K †evSv hvq, hw`

bvUKxqfv‡e AskMÖn‡Yi nvi e„w× bv cvq Ges †UKmB Dbœqb hw`

wkÿv‡K ms¯‹v‡ii mv‡_ ZvwoZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, wkÿv Zvi AšÍM©Z

kw³‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| GUv Avgv‡ì cÖwZ Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi AwfNvZ, msNl©, Awbqwš¿Z †fvMcÖe„wË Ges wkÿv wel‡q

abx I `wi‡`ªi gaëZ©x `~i‡Z¡i wel‡q mZK©evYx D”PviY K‡i| mevi

Rb¨ †UKmB fwel¨r wbg©vY Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb eo gv‡ci iƒcvšÍi|

êwk¦K wkÿv cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`‡bi (wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b) GB

mvims‡ÿc GB wmwi‡Ri cÖ_g cÖKvkbv| wmwiRwU bZzb †UKmB

Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi (GmwWwR) cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z wkÿvi AMÖMwZ g~j¨vqb

Ki‡e| D”PvKv•ÿx wkÿv 2030 iƒcKí AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hme bxwZ,

†KŠkj Ges Kg©m~wP cÖ‡qvRb wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`‡b †m m¤ú‡K©

mvÿ¨cÖgvYwfwËK mycvwikgvjv cÖ¯Íve K‡i‡Q| bZzb êwk¦K wkÿvi

jÿ¨ Ges Awfjÿ¨ AR©‡bi gva¨‡g AwfMg¨Zv, AskMÖnY, wkLb

Ges AmgZvi n«vmKiY wbwðZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b GB

me †ÿ‡Î AMÖMwZ cwiexÿ‡Yi evavmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q| GUv

cvVK‡ì GKUv cÖvgvwYK Dr‡mi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq hv‡Z Zviv bxwZ-

wba©vi‡Yi mKj ¯Í‡i wkÿvi g~j¨ I ¸iæZ¡ wel‡q ZK©weZK© Ki‡Z

cv‡i|

m¤úv`bvi w`K †_‡K ¯^vaxb wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b GKwU

mvÿ¨cÖgvYwfwËK cÖKvkbv hv Z_¨mg„× msjv‡c Avgv‡ì DØy× Kivi

Rb¨ Acwinvh© GK DcKiY| GUv wkÿvi cÖMwZ I P¨v‡jÄmg~n

wel‡q Avgv‡ì m‡PZbZv e„w× K‡i| GB cÖwZ‡e`b wmwi‡R 200-i

gZ †`k I GjvKvq wkÿvi AMÖMwZi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB

AwfÁZvi Ici wfwË K‡i Ges GmwWwR-i g‡a¨ wkÿvi AMÖMwZ

cwiexÿ‡Yi bZzb wb‡`©kbv wb‡q, GB wRBGg cÖwZ‡e`b AvMvgx 15

eQ‡i Avi× Av‡jvPbv Ges cÖwµqvi mgxÿvq GKwU cÖavb êwk¦K

m¤ú` wn‡m‡e cwiMY¨ n‡e|

http://www.unesco.org/publishing

http://www.unesco.org/gemreport

Documents

mevi Rb¨ †UKmB fwel¨r wbg©vY - UNESCOunesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002457/245745BEN.pdf · Gi KZ©„cÿ A_ev †Kvb wba©vwiZ mxgvšÍ ev cwimxgvi †Kvb ai‡bi AwfgZ cÖKvk