Metropolis® AMU Release 1.0 through 3.0 Applications and

Metropolis ® AMURelease 1.0 through 3.0Applications and Planning Guide

365-312-847R3.0CC109592246

Issue 3June 2006

Lucent Technologies - ProprietaryThis document contains proprietary information of Lucent Technologies and

is not to be disclosed or used except in accordance with applicable agreements.

Copyright © 2006 Lucent TechnologiesUnpublished and Not for Publication

All Rights Reserved

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This material is protected by the copyright and trade secret laws of the United States and other countries. It may not be reproduced,distributed, or altered in any fashion by any entity (either internal or external to Lucent Technologies), except in accordance with applicableagreements, contracts or licensing, without the express written consent of Lucent Technologies and the business management owner of thematerial.

Trademarks

All trademarks and service marks specified herein are owned by their respective companies.

Notice

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document was complete and accurate at the time of printing. However,information is subject to change.

Release notification

This document describes AMU release 3.0 and covers previous releases.

Compared to provided descriptions some of the legacy releases may vary due to the feature upgrades.

Declaration of Conformity

The Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for this product can be found in this document at“Conformity statements” (p. 9-5), or at:http://www.lucent.de/ecl.

WEEE directive

The Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directivefor this product can be found in this document at“Eco-environmentalstatements” (p. 9-6).

Ordering information

The order number of this document is 365-312-847R3.0 (Issue 3).

Technical support

Please contact your Lucent Technologies Local Customer Support Team (LCS) for technical questions about the information in this document.

Information product support

To comment on this information product, go to the Online Comment Form (http://www.lucent-info.com/comments/enus/) or email yourcomments to the Comments Hotline ([email protected]).

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Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page

Contents

About this information product

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................................xixi

Reason for reissue.........................................................................................................................................................................................xixi

Safety information.....................................................................................................................................................................................xivxiv

Intended audience.......................................................................................................................................................................................xivxiv

How to use this information product.............................................................................................................................................xivxiv

Conventions used.........................................................................................................................................................................................xvxv

Related documentation..........................................................................................................................................................................xviixvii

Related training.........................................................................................................................................................................................xviiixviii

Documented feature set.......................................................................................................................................................................xviiixviii

Intended use................................................................................................................................................................................................xviiixviii

Optical safety.............................................................................................................................................................................................xviiixviii

Technical Documentation......................................................................................................................................................................xxixxi

How to order .................................................................................................................................................................................................xxixxi

How to comment........................................................................................................................................................................................xxixxi

1 Introduction

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................1-11-1

Structure of hazard statements...........................................................................................................................................................1-21-2

Metropolis® AMU system overview..............................................................................................................................................1-41-4

2 Features

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................2-12-1

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Physical interfaces

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................2-32-3

Transmission interfaces..........................................................................................................................................................................2-42-4

Data interfaces.............................................................................................................................................................................................2-52-5

Timing interfaces........................................................................................................................................................................................2-62-6

Orderwire interfaces.................................................................................................................................................................................2-72-7

Operations interfaces................................................................................................................................................................................2-82-8

Power interfaces..........................................................................................................................................................................................2-92-9

Transmission features

Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................................................2-102-10

Cross-connection features...................................................................................................................................................................2-112-11

Transmission protection.......................................................................................................................................................................2-122-12

Equipment protection............................................................................................................................................................................2-132-13

Ethernet features......................................................................................................................................................................................2-142-14

Auto-Negotiation .....................................................................................................................................................................................2-162-16

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)...........................................................................................................................2-172-17

Link Pass Through (LPT)..................................................................................................................................................................2-182-18

Ethernet mapping schemes................................................................................................................................................................2-192-19

Equipment features

Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................................................2-212-21

Hardware concept....................................................................................................................................................................................2-222-22

Equipment reports...................................................................................................................................................................................2-232-23

Synchronization and timing

Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................................................2-242-24

Timing features.........................................................................................................................................................................................2-252-25

Timing interface features....................................................................................................................................................................2-262-26

Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning

Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................................................2-272-27

Remote maintenance, management and control...................................................................................................................2-282-28

Contents

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3 Network Topologies

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................3-13-1

Linear applications....................................................................................................................................................................................3-23-2

Folded ring application...........................................................................................................................................................................3-43-4

Ring application..........................................................................................................................................................................................3-53-5

Dual-homed ring application...............................................................................................................................................................3-63-6

Linear extension application...............................................................................................................................................................3-73-7

Dual ring closure........................................................................................................................................................................................3-83-8

Multiple ring application.......................................................................................................................................................................3-93-9

Hub application.........................................................................................................................................................................................3-103-10

Full capacity ring interconnection.................................................................................................................................................3-113-11

Metropolis® AMU 1m/1o typical application........................................................................................................................3-123-12

Grooming application...........................................................................................................................................................................3-133-13

IP Tunneling in the DCC channels application....................................................................................................................3-143-14

GSM/UMTS application.....................................................................................................................................................................3-163-16

Multi-service application with theTransLAN® option board......................................................................................3-173-17

Point-to-point LAN connection......................................................................................................................................................3-223-22

4 Product description

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................4-14-1

Hardware overview of theMetropolis® AMU .........................................................................................................................4-24-2

System Architecture..................................................................................................................................................................................4-94-9

Option cards................................................................................................................................................................................................4-104-10

5 Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................5-15-1

Operations Overview...............................................................................................................................................................................5-25-2

6 System Planning and Engineering

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................6-16-1

General Planning Information..........................................................................................................................................................6-26-2

Contents

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7 Ordering

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................7-17-1

Ordering information...............................................................................................................................................................................7-27-2

8 Product support

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................8-18-1

Installation services...................................................................................................................................................................................8-28-2

Engineering services.................................................................................................................................................................................8-48-4

Maintenance services...............................................................................................................................................................................8-68-6

Technical support.......................................................................................................................................................................................8-88-8

Documentation support........................................................................................................................................................................8-108-10

Training support.......................................................................................................................................................................................8-118-11

Warranty ........................................................................................................................................................................................................8-128-12

Standard Repair........................................................................................................................................................................................8-138-13

9 Quality and reliability

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................9-19-1

Quality

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................9-29-2

Lucent Technologies’ commitment to quality and reliability.........................................................................................9-39-3

Ensuring quality..........................................................................................................................................................................................9-49-4

Conformity statements............................................................................................................................................................................9-59-5

Reliability specifications

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................................................9-89-8

General specifications..............................................................................................................................................................................9-99-9

Reliability program ...............................................................................................................................................................................9-109-10

Reliability specifications ...................................................................................................................................................................9-119-11

10 Technical Specifications

Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................................................10-110-1

System specifications..........................................................................................................................................................................10-210-2

Contents

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A An SDH overview

Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................................................A-1A-1

SDH signal hierarchy.............................................................................................................................................................................A-4A-4

SDH path and line sections................................................................................................................................................................A-6A-6

SDH frame structure...............................................................................................................................................................................A-9A-9

SDH digital multiplexing .................................................................................................................................................................A-11A-11

SDH interface...........................................................................................................................................................................................A-13A-13

SDH multiplexing process................................................................................................................................................................A-14A-14

SDH demultiplexing process...........................................................................................................................................................A-15A-15

SDH transport rates..............................................................................................................................................................................A-16A-16

Glossary

Index

Contents

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List of figures

4 Product description

4-1 Metropolis® AMU 2m/4o version................................................................................................................................. 4-24-2

4-2 Metropolis® AMU 1m/1o version................................................................................................................................. 4-34-3

4-3 Metropolis® AMU 2m/4o ...................................................................................................................................................4-64-6

4-4 Metropolis® AMU 1m/1o ...................................................................................................................................................4-64-6

4-5 Metropolis® AMU Main board ....................................................................................................................................... 4-84-8

4-6 PI-E1/63 option card...........................................................................................................................................................4-104-10

4-7 EPL4_E14 option card.......................................................................................................................................................4-144-14

4-8 EPL4_E132_75 option card............................................................................................................................................4-174-17

4-9 ESW4_E14 option card.....................................................................................................................................................4-254-25

4-10 Sl-14/8 option card...............................................................................................................................................................4-264-26

4-11 Metropolis® AMU Adapter card.................................................................................................................................. 4-274-27

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About this information productAbout this information product

Purpose

This Application and Planning Guide (APG) provides the following information aboutthe Metropolis® AMU, Release 1.0 through 3.0:

• System overview

• Features and benefits

• Applications

• Product description

• OAM&P

• System planning and engineering

• Ordering

• Product support

• Quality and reliability

• Technical specifications.

Reason for reissue

This is the third issue of this guide forMetropolis® AMU Release 1.0 through 3.0.

Previous versions and features are listed below.

Release GA Features Added

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1.0 July 2004 The following features have beenprovided in this release.

• Two main and four option card slotsor one main and one option card slot

• Pluggable line interfaces for twoSTM-1 or two STM-4; supports twoextra STM-1 interfaces

• Double width adapter card support forlegacy option cards; LAN boardoptimized for Ethernet Private Line(X8EPL) cards with LCAS

• Tributary cards for one STM-1 (shorthaul) and two STM-1 (long haul), oneSTM-4 (short haul) and two STM-4(long haul)

• 63 x E1 with RJ45 connectors (120Ω/75 Ω)

• Main board protection,VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 SNC/N protection

• 1 + 1 MSP protection on STM-1/4interfaces

• Supports cross-connection betweentributary and aggregate interfaces;non-blocking LO connectivity

• MSP Performance Monitoring only

• Local and remote softwaredownloading

• Supports centralized alarmmanagement using ITM-CIT

• Supports remote alarm investigationthrough Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs(MDI) and Miscellaneous DiscreteOutputs (MDO)

• Cross-connect loopbacks for electricalinterfaces

• Space efficient design for rackmounting

• Supported by the ITM-CIT andITM-SC


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2.0 February 2005 The following features have beenprovided in this release.

• Additional pluggable STM1e

• Additional legacy card support:

– 4 x 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX(X4IP)

– 16 x DS1– 2 x E3– 2 x DS3

• Performance Monitoring forVC-12/VC-3/VC-4, PDH 2Mbit/sframes, and AIS detection

• VPN tagging and provisionableEthertype

• Double tagging on LAN ports

• Customer WAN port operation mode

• Increased IEEE VLAN instances

• Ethernet Private Line option cardwith 2 x E/FE (TX), 2 x E/FE/GBE(TX/optical SFP), 4 x E1 (75/120Ω)

• Pluggable GBE for SX, LX, and ZX

• Ethernet Private Line option cardwith 4 x E/FE (TX), 32 x E1 (75Ω)

• Main unit and SNCP protection

• External AC/DC power converter

• 2 Mbit/s external synchronizationclock

• DCC for Network Elementmanagement

• Supported by ITM-CIT, ITM-SC(R11.4), NMS (R8.2), OMS (R3.2)

3.0 Jan 2006 The following features have beenprovided in this release.

• Ethernet option card with 2 x E/FE, 2x E/FE/GE, and 4 E1 interfaces(75/120Ω)

• Option card for 2 x STM-4 or 8 xSTM-1

• Link Pass Through (LPT) onEPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75,ESW4_E14 option cards


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Safety information

This information product contains hazard statements for your safety. Hazard statementsare given at points where safety consequences to personnel, equipment, and operationmay exist. Failure to follow these statements may result in serious consequences.

Intended audience

The Metropolis® AMU Applications and Planning Guide is primarily intended fornetwork planners and engineers. In addition, others who need specific informationabout the features, applications, operation, and engineering ofMetropolis® AMU mayfind the information in this manual useful.

How to use this information product

Each chapter of this manual treats a specific aspect of the system and can be regardedas an independent description. This ensures that readers can inform themselvesaccording to their special needs. This also means that the manual provides moreinformation than needed by many of the readers. Before you start reading the manual,it is therefore necessary to assess which aspects or chapters will cover the individualarea of interest.

The following table briefly describes the type of information found in each chapter.

Chapter Title Description

About this information product This chapter

• describes the guide’s purpose, intendedaudience, and organization

• lists related documentation

• explains how to comment on this document

1 Introduction This chapter

• presents network application solutions

• provides a high-level product overview

• describes the product family

• lists features

2 Features Describes the features ofMetropolis® AMU

3 Network topologies Describes some of the main network topologiespossible withMetropolis® AMU

4 Product description This chapter

• provides a functional overview of the system

• describes the hardware and configurationsavailable for the product


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Chapter Title Description

5 Operations,administration,maintenance, andprovisioning

Describes OAM&P features (such as alarms,operation interfaces, security, and performancemonitoring)

6 System planning andengineering

Provides planning information necessary todeploy the system

7 Ordering Describes how to orderMetropolis® AMU

8 Product support This chapter

• describes engineering and installationservices

• explains documentation and technical support

• lists training courses

9 Quality and reliability This chapter

• provides the Lucent Technologies qualitypolicy

• lists the reliability specifications

10 Technicalspecifications

Lists the technical specifications

Glossary Defines telecommunication terms and explains abbreviations and acronyms

Index Lists specific subjects and their corresponding page numbers

Conventions used

These conventions are used in this document:

Numbering

The chapters of this document are numbered consecutively. The page numberingrestarts at “1” in each chapter. To facilitate identifying pages in different chapters, thepage numbers are prefixed with the chapter number. For example, page 2-3 is the thirdpage in chapter 2.

Cross-references

Cross-reference conventions are identical with those used for numbering, i.e. the firstnumber in a reference to a particular page refers to the corresponding chapter.

Keyword blocks

This document contains so-called keyword blocks to facilitate the location of specifictext passages. The keyword blocks are placed to the left of the main text and indicatethe contents of a paragraph or group of paragraphs.


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Typographical conventions

Special typographical conventions apply to elements of the graphical user interface(GUI), file names and system path information, keyboard entries, alarm messages etc.

• Elements of the graphical user interface (GUI)These are examples of text that appears on a graphical user interface (GUI), suchas menu options, window titles or push buttons:

– Provision , Delete , Apply , Close , OK (push-button)

– Provision Timing/Sync (window title)

– View Equipment Details (menu option)

– Administration → Security → User Provisioning (path for invoking awindow)

• File names and system path informationThese are examples of file names and system path information:

– setup.exe

– C:\Program Files\Lucent Technologies

• Keyboard entriesThese are examples of keyboard entries:

– F1, Esc X , Alt-F , Ctrl-D , Ctrl-Alt-Del (simple keyboard entries)A hyphen between two keys means that both keys have to be pressedsimultaneously. Otherwise, a single key has to be pressed, or several keys haveto be pressed in sequence.

– copy abc xyz (command)A complete command has to be entered.

• Alarms and error messagesThese are examples of alarms and error messages:

– Loss of Signal

– Circuit Pack Failure

– HP-UNEQ, MS-AIS, LOS, LOF

– Not enough disk space available

Abbreviations

Abbreviations used in this document can be found in the “Glossary” unless it can beassumed that the reader is familiar with the abbreviation.


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Related documentation

This section briefly describes the documents that are included in theMetropolis® AMUdocumentation set.

• Installation GuideThe Metropolis® AMU Installation Guide (IG) is a step-by-step guide to systeminstallation and setup. It also includes information needed for pre-installation siteplanning and post-installation acceptance testing.

• Applications and Planning GuideThe Metropolis® AMU Applications and Planning Guide (APG) is for use bynetwork planners, analysts and managers. It is also for use by the Lucent AccountTeam. It presents a detailed overview of the system, describes its applications,gives planning requirements, engineering rules, ordering information, and technicalspecifications.

• User Operations GuideThe Metropolis® AMU User Operations Guide (UOG) provides step-by-stepinformation for use in daily system operations. The manual demonstrates how toperform system provisioning, operations, and administrative tasks by use of ITMCraft Interface Terminal (ITM-CIT).

• Alarm Messages and Trouble Clearing GuideThe Metropolis® AMU Alarm Messages and Trouble Clearing Guide (AMTCG)gives detailed information on each possible alarm message. Furthermore, itprovides procedures for routine maintenance, troubleshooting, diagnostics, andcomponent replacement.

• The Navis® OMS Release 11.4 Provisioning Guide (ApplicationMetropolis®

AMU)The Navis® OMS Provisioning Guide (ApplicationMetropolis® AMU) givesinstructions on how to perform system provisioning, operations, and administrativetasks using the Navis® OMS.

The following table lists the documents included in theMetropolis® AMUdocumentation set.

Document title Document code

Metropolis® AMU Applications and Planning Guide Release1.0 through 3.0

109592246

(365-312-847)

Metropolis® AMU User Operations Guide Release 2.0 109592279

(365-312-850R3.0)

Metropolis® AMU Alarm Messages and Trouble ClearingGuide 1.0 through 3.0

109592303

(365-312-849R3.0)

Metropolis® AMU Installation Guide 1.0 through 3.0 109592253

(365-312-848R3.0)

Navis® OMSProvisioning Guide (ApplicationMetropolis®

AMU)109604413

(365-312-854R3.0)


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Document title Document code

CD-ROM DocumentationMetropolis® AMU (all manuals on aCD-ROM)

109592261

(365-312-853)

These documents can be ordered at or downloaded from the Customer InformationCenter (CIC) at http://www.cic.lucent.com/documents.html, or via your Local CustomerSupport.

Related training

For detailed information about theMetropolis® AMU training courses and how toregister please refer to“Training support” (p. 8-11)in this document.

Documented feature set

This manual describesMetropolis® AMU Release 1.0 through 3.0. For technicalreasons some of the documented features might not be available until later softwareversions. For precise information about the availability of features, please consult theSoftware Release Description (SRD) that is distributed with the network elementsoftware. This provides details of the status at the time of software delivery.

Intended use

This equipment shall be used only in accordance with intended use, correspondinginstallation and maintenance statements as specified in this documentation. Any otheruse or modification is prohibited.

Optical safety

IEC Customer Laser Safety Guidelines

Lucent Technologies declares that this product is compliant with all essential safetyrequirements as stated in IEC 60825-Part 1 and 2 “Safety of laser products” and“Safety of optical fibre telecommunication systems”. Futhermore Lucent Technologiesdeclares that the warning statements on labels on this equipment are in accordancewith the specified laser radiation class.

Optical Safety Declaration (if laser modules used)

Lucent Technologies declares that this product is compliant with all essential safetyrequirements as stated in IEC 60825-Part 1 and 2 “Safety of Laser Products” and“Safety of Optical Fiber Telecommunication Systems”. Furthermore LucentTechnologies declares that the warning statements on labels on this equipment are inaccordance with the specified laser radiation class.

Optical Fiber Communications

This equipment contains an Optical Fiber Communications semiconductor laser/LEDtransmitter. The following Laser Safety Guidelines are provided for this product.


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General Laser Information

Optical fiber telecommunication systems, their associated test sets, and similaroperating systems use semiconductor laser transmitters that emit infrared (IR) light atwavelengths between approximately 800 nanometers (nm) and 1600 nm. The emittedlight is above the red end of the visible spectrum, which is normally not visible to thehuman eye. Although the radiant end at near-IR wavelengths is officially designatedinvisible, some people can see the shorter wavelength energy even at power levels thatare several orders of magnitude below any levels that have been shown to cause injuryto the eye.

Conventional lasers can produce an intense beam of monochromatic light. The term“monochromaticity” means a single wavelength output of pure color that may bevisible or invisible to the eye. A conventional laser produces a small-size beam oflight, and because the beam size is small the power density (also called irradiance) isvery high. Consequently, lasers and laser products are subject to federal and applicablestate regulations, as well as international standards, for their safe operation.

A conventional laser beam expands very little over distance, or is said to be very wellcollimated. Thus, conventional laser irradiance remains relatively constant overdistance. However, lasers used in lightwave systems have a large beam divergence,typically 10 to 20 degrees. Here, irradiance obeys the inverse square law (doubling thedistance reduces the irradiance by a factor of 4) and rapidly decreases over distance.

Lasers and Eye Damage

The optical energy emitted by laser and high-radiance LEDs in the 400-1400 nm rangemay cause eye damage if absorbed by the retina. When a beam of light enters the eye,the eye magnifies and focuses the energy on the retina magnifying the irradiance. Theirradiance of the energy that reaches the retina is approximately 105, or 100,000 timesmore than at the cornea and, if sufficiently intense, may cause a retinal burn.

The damage mechanism at the wavelengths used in an optical fiber telecommunicationsis thermal in origin, i.e., damage caused by heating. Therefore, a specific amount ofenergy is required for a definite time to heat an area of retinal tissue. Damage to theretina occurs only when one looks at the light long enough that the product of theretinal irradiance and the viewing time exceeds the damage threshold. Optical energiesabove 1400 nm cause corneal and skin burns, but do not affect the retina. Thethresholds for injury at wavelengths greater than 1400 nm are significantly higher thanfor wavelengths in the retinal hazard region.

Classification of Lasers

Manufacturers of lasers and laser products in the U.S. are regulated by the Food andDrug Administration’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA/CDRH) under21 CFR 1040. These regulations require manufacturers to certify each laser or laserproduct as belonging to one of four major Classes: I, II, lla, IlIa, lllb, or IV. TheInternational Electro-technical Commission is an international standards body thatwrites laser safety standards under IEC-60825. Classification schemes are similar withClasses divided into Classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B, and 4. Lasers are classifiedaccording to the accessible emission limits and their potential for causing injury.


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Optical fiber telecommunication systems are generally classified as Class I/1 because,under normal operating conditions, all energized laser transmitting circuit packs areterminated on optical fibers which enclose the laser energy with the fiber sheathforming a protective housing. Also, a protective housing/access panel is typicallyinstalled in front of the laser circuit pack shelves The circuit packs themselves,however, may be FDA/CDRH Class I, IIIb, or IV or IEC Class 1, 1M, 3R, 3B, or 4.

Laser Safety Precautions for Optical Fiber Telecommunication Systems

In its normal operating mode, an optical fiber telecommunication system is totallyenclosed and presents no risk of eye injury. It is a Class I/1 system under the FDA andIEC classifications.

The fiber optic cables that interconnect various components of an optical fibertelecommunication system can disconnect or break, and may expose people to laseremissions. Also, certain measures and maintenance procedures may expose thetechnician to emission from the semiconductor laser during installation and servicing.Unlike more familiar laser devices such as solid-state and gas lasers, the emissionpattern of a semiconductor laser results in a highly divergent beam. In a divergentbeam, the irradiance (power density) decreases rapidly with distance. The greater thedistance, the less energy will enter the eye, and the less potential risk for eye injury.Inadvertently viewing an un-terminated fiber or damaged fiber with the unaided eye atdistances greater than 5 to 6 inches normally will not cause eye injury, provided thepower in the fiber is less than a few milliwatts at the near IR wavelengths and a fewtens of milliwatts at the far IR wavelengths. However, damage may occur if an opticalinstrument such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to stare at theenergized fiber end.

CAUTION

Laser hazard

Use of controls, adjustments, and procedures other than those specified herein mayresult in hazardous laser radiation exposure.

Laser Safety Precautions for Enclosed Systems

Under normal operating conditions, optical fiber telecommunication systems arecompletely enclosed; nonetheless, the following precautions shall be observed:

1. Because of the potential for eye damage, technicians should not stare into opticalconnectors or broken fibers

2. Under no circumstance shall laser/fiber optic operations be performed by atechnician before satisfactorily completing an approved training course

3. Since viewing laser emissions directly in excess of Class I/1 limits with an opticalinstrument such as an eye loupe greatly increases the risk of eye damage,appropriate labels must appear in plain view, in close proximity to the optical porton the protective housing/access panel of the terminal equipment.


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Laser Safety Precautions for Unenclosed Systems

During service, maintenance, or restoration, an optical fiber telecommunication systemis considered unenclosed. Under these conditions, follow these practices:

1. Only authorized, trained personnel shall be permitted to do service, maintenanceand restoration. Avoid exposing the eye to emissions from un-terminated, energizedoptical connectors at close distances. Laser modules associated with the opticalports of laser circuit packs are typically recessed, which limits the exposuredistance. Optical port shutters, Automatic Power Reduction (APR), andAutomatic Power Shut Down (APSD) are engineering controls that are also used tolimit emissions. However, technicians removing or replacing laser circuit packsshould not stare or look directly into the optical port with optical instruments ormagnifying lenses. (Normal eye wear or indirect viewing instruments such asFind-R-Scopes are not considered magnifying lenses or optical instruments.)

2. Only authorized, trained personnel shall use optical test equipment duringinstallation or servicing since this equipment contains semiconductor lasers (Someexamples of optical test equipment are Optical Time Domain Reflectometers(OTDR’s), Hand-Held Loss Test Sets.)

3. Under no circumstances shall any personnel scan a fiber with an optical test setwithout verifying that all laser sources on the fiber are turned off

4. All unauthorized personnel shall be excluded from the immediate area of theoptical fiber telecommunication systems during installation and service.

Consult ANSI Z136.2, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in the U.S.;or, outside the U.S., IEC-60825, Part 2 for guidance on the safe use of optical fiberoptic communication in the workplace.

Technical Documentation

The technical documentation as required by the Conformity Assessment procedure iskept at Lucent Technologies location which is responsible for this product. For moreinformation please contact your local Lucent Technologies representative.

How to order

This information product can be ordered with the order number 365-312-847 at theCustomer Information Center (CIC), see http://www.cic.lucent.com/.

An overview of the ordering process and the latest software & licences information isgiven in Chapter 7, “Ordering”of this manual.

How to comment

To comment on this information product, go to theOnline Comment Form(http://www.lucent-info.com/comments/enus/) or email your comments to theComments Hotline ([email protected]).


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http://www.lucent-info.com/comments/enus/

http://www.lucent-info.com/comments/enus/

1 1Introduction

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter introduces theMetropolis® AMU.

Contents

Structure of hazard statements 1-2

Metropolis® AMU system overview 1-4

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Structure of hazard statements.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Overview

Hazard statements describe the safety risks relevant while performing tasks on LucentTechnologies products during deployment and/or use. Failure to avoid the hazards mayhave serious consequences.

General structure

Hazard statements include the following structural elements:

Item Structure element Purpose

1 Personal injury symbol Indicates the potential for personal injury(optional)

2 Hazard type symbol Indicates hazard type (optional)

3 Signal word Indicates the severity of the hazard

4 Hazard type Describes the source of the risk of damage orinjury

5 Damage statement Consequences if protective measures fail

6 Avoidance message Protective measures to take to avoid the hazard

7 Identifier The reference ID of the hazard statement(optional)

Introduction

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1-2 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page

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Signal words

The signal words identify the hazard severity levels as follows:

Signal word Meaning

DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation (high risk) which, ifnot avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation (medium risk) which,if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION When used with the personal injury symbol:

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation (low risk) which, ifnot avoided, may result in personal injury.

When used without the personal injury symbol:

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation (low risk) which, ifnot avoided, may result in property damage, such as serviceinterruption or damage to equipment or other materials.

Introduction Structure of hazard statements

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Metropolis® AMU system overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The Metropolis® AMU is a high capacity, flexible and cost-effective widebandmultiplexer which can multiplex standard PDH and SDH bit rates as well as Ethernetsignals to line transport rates. This system is a useful element in building efficient andflexible networks due to its wide-ranging capacity in addition to a compact and flexibledesign.

The standardMetropolis® AMU main card can be provided with STM-1 short haul andlong haul and/or STM-4 short haul and long haul SFPs. When required, the main cardcan be provided with SFPs for STM-1 or STM-4 single fiber working and STM-1e.The equipment is capable of 1+1 MSP protection and SNC/N protection.

The 2m/4o version can be equipped with 2 main boards and upgraded with 4 optioncards as described inChapter 4, “Product description”and thus be adapted to specialnetwork requirements. The 1m/1o version can hold 1 main board and upgraded withone option board.

Metropolis ® AMU

The Metropolis® AMU is an SDH STM-1 or STM-4 Terminal or Add-Drop-Multiplexer optimized to provide various tributary services, e.g. STM-1, 1.5 Mbit/s, 2Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 45 Mbit/s, STM-1e, STM-4, 1000BASE-T/X and 10/100BASE-T, tobusiness and residential customers. The main card is able to multiplex tributary signalsinto a 155 Mbit/s (STM-1) or a 622 Mbit/s (STM-4) optical aggregate signal. The2m/4o version holds two slots for main cards where operation with either one or twomain cards is possible. The second main card can be operated as an additional tributarycard or as main card equipment protection. In the access network, theMetropolis®

AMU can be installed at the customer premises for fiber-to-the-business applicationsenabling a variety of configurations. Other applications include LAN-to-LAN traffic oncampus networks or WANs.

The space-efficient design ofMetropolis® AMU allows for wall, rack or deskmounting; please refer to theMetropolis® AMU Installation Guide.

Introduction

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This figure gives an outline of the basicMetropolis® AMU building blocks.

VC-4

Matrix

VC-4Matrix

VC-3/12

Matrix

VC-3/12Matrix

SDH Line

Interfaces

SDH LineInterfaces

Timing

Control

Power

TimingControlPower

VC-4

Matrix

VC-4Matrix

VC-3/12

Matrix

VC-3/12Matrix

SDH Line

Interfaces

SDH LineInterfaces

Timing

Control

Power

TimingControlPower

Main1 Main2

TribSlot1Trib

Slot1Trib

Slot2Trib

Slot2Trib

Slot3Trib

Slot3Trib

Slot4Trib

Slot4

2*S

TM

-12*

ST

M-1

/4

2*ST

M-1

2*ST

M-1/4

2 MHz in/out, -48V batteryCT, Q -LAN, G-LAN, MDIO, V.11

Metropolis AMU 2m/4o®

*CT, Q-LAN, MDIO, V.11 only Main1

)*(

Introduction Metropolis® AMU system overview

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Option cards

The Metropolis® AMU supports these option cards:

X16DS1 16 × DS1 interfaces (100Ω)

X2E3-V2 2 × E3 interfaces

X2DS3-V2 2 × DS3 interfaces

PI-E1/63 63 x E1 with E1 interfaces 120Ω

PI-E1/63-75 63 x E1 with E1 interfaces 75Ω

Sl-14/8 2 x STM-4 or 8 x STM-1

The following table lists the option cards of the Metropolis® AMU which support theTransLAN® Ethernet SDH Transport Solution:

X8PL 8 × 10/100BASE-T Ethernet LAN interfacesin private line (PL) mode

VC-4

Matrix

VC-4Matrix

VC-3/12

Matrix

VC-3/12Matrix

SDH Line

Interfaces

SDH LineInterfaces

Timing

Control

Power

TimingControlPower

Main1

TribSlot1Trib

Slot1

2*S

TM

-12*

ST

M-1

/4

2 MHz in/out, -48V batteryCT, Q -LAN, G-LAN, MDIO, V.11

Metropolis AMU 1m/1o®


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X4IP-V2 4 × 10/100BASE-T Ethernet LAN interfaces

EPL4_E14 2 x E/FE (10/100BASE-T) and 2 x E/FE/GE(via either 2 x 10/100/1000BASE-T or 2 x10/100/1000BASE-X) and 4 x E1(provisionable 120Ω or 75 Ω)

EPL4_E132_75 4 x E/FE and 32 x E1 (75Ω)

ESW4_E14 2 x E/FE, 2 x E/FE/GE, and 4 E1 interfaces(75 Ω and 120Ω)

References

A more detailed product description can be found inChapter 4, “Product description”.

Key features

Key features of theMetropolis® AMU include the following:

• Four SFP connectors (2 multirate) on the main board supporting 2 timesSTM-1/STM-4 and 2 times STM-1 single rate optical or STM-1 electricalinterfaces by SFP usage

• General VC-12, VC-3, and VC-4 SNC/N protection

• 1+1 MSP protection for optical and electrical STM-1 and optical STM-4 interfaces

• Main card equipment protection - 1+1 revertive

• Performance Monitoring

• Cross-connect loopbacks

• Engineering orderwire (EOW) access

• Four Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs (MDI)

• Four Miscellaneous Discrete Outputs (MDO)

• IP Tunneling in the DCC channels for the management of elements (TCP/IPprotocol) like “Any Media”

• Space-efficient for simple and rapid installation within racks, street cabinets or incustomer premises.

• Supported by the Element Management System (EMS) and the local craft terminalITM-CIT.

• AC/DC powered (forMetropolis® AMU additional option via an external AC/DCconverter)

It may also include the following features dependent on the use of special option cards:

• Eight Ethernet interfaces in Private Line mode.

• 63 times 2 Mbit/s available in 75/125Ω versions

• 16 times 1,5 Mbit/s

• 2 times 34 Mbit/s

• 2 times 45 Mbit/s


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• Combined 2 times Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, 2 times Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/GigabitEthernet (GbE application can be extended via SFPs to optical GbE) and 4 times 2Mbit/s (75 Ω or 120 Ω)

• Combined 4 Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces Private Line mode and 32 times 2Mbit/s (75Ω)

• Combined 2 Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, 2 Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet, and4 E1 interfaces (75Ω and 120Ω)

• 4 x 10/100BASE-T Ethernet LAN interfaces

• Optional 2 x STM-4 or 8 x STM-1

These features make theMetropolis® AMU one of the most cost-effective, future-proofand flexible network elements that are available in the market today.

Applications

The network applications can be found inChapter 3, “Network Topologies ”.

Management

The Metropolis® AMU can be managed by an Element Management System (EMS).This includes the local craft terminal ITM-CIT which is available for on-siteoperations. For remote operations and maintenance activities, a network managementsystem can be used for integrated management of an entire transport network.

Interworking

Metropolis® AMU is a member of the suite of next generation transmission productswhich have the prefix “Metropolis” in their names. The system can be deployedtogether with other products, for exampleMetropolis® AM / Metropolis® AMS. ThismakesMetropolis® AMU one of the main building blocks for today’s and futurenetworks.

Please check with Lucent Technologies for a complete list of products that are able tointerwork with Metropolis® AMU.


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2 2Features

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter briefly describes the features of theMetropolis® AMU.

For more information on the physical design features and the applicable standards,please refer toChapter 4, “Product description”.

Standards compliance

Lucent Technologies SDH products comply with the relevant SDH ETSI and ITU-Tstandards. Important functions defined in SDH standards such as the DataCommunication Channel (DCC), the associated 7-layer OSI protocol stack, the SDHmultiplexing structure and the Operations, Administration, Maintenance, andProvisioning (OAM&P) functions are implemented in Lucent Technologies productfamilies.

Lucent Technologies is heavily involved in various study groups with ITU-T, and ETSIcreating and maintaining the latest worldwide SDH standards.Metropolis® AMUcomply with all relevant and latest ETSI and ITU-T standards.

Contents

Physical interfaces 2-3

Transmission interfaces 2-4

Data interfaces 2-5

Timing interfaces 2-6

Orderwire interfaces 2-7

Operations interfaces 2-8

Power interfaces 2-9

Transmission features 2-10

Cross-connection features 2-11

Transmission protection 2-12

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Equipment protection 2-13

Ethernet features 2-14

Auto-Negotiation 2-16

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) 2-17

Link Pass Through (LPT) 2-18

Ethernet mapping schemes 2-19

Equipment features 2-21

Hardware concept 2-22

Equipment reports 2-23

Synchronization and timing 2-24

Timing features 2-25

Timing interface features 2-26

Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning 2-27

Remote maintenance, management and control 2-28

Features Overview

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Physical interfaces

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This section provides information about all kinds of external physical interfaces of theMetropolis® AMU. For detailed technical data and optical parameters of the interfacesplease refer toChapter 10, “Technical Specifications”.

The Metropolis® AMU supports a variety of additional interfaces that are dependent onthe use of an option card. The choice of the option cards and data interfaces describedbelow provide outstanding transmission flexibility and integration capabilities.

Contents

Transmission interfaces 2-4

Data interfaces 2-5

Timing interfaces 2-6

Orderwire interfaces 2-7

Operations interfaces 2-8

Power interfaces 2-9

Features

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Transmission interfaces.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

SDH interface overview

Metropolis® AMU supports the synchronous transmission rates 155 Mbit/s (STM-1)and 622 Mbit/s (STM-4).

In the present release, STM-1 and STM-4 optical as well as STM-1 electrical interfacetypes can be realized in a modular way by only changing the SFP. Four ports on onemain card are available to plug an SFP. However, only two of the four ports areavailable for STM-4 transmission.

PDH interface overview

Metropolis® AMU 2m/4o andMetropolis® AMU 1m/1o provide PDH interfaces via anoption card.

The following PDH interfaces can be configured via an option card:

• Sixteen 1.5 Mbit/s interfaces (only 2m/4o version with adapter card)

• Two 34 Mbit/s interfaces (only 2m/4o version with adapter card)

• Two 45 Mbit/s interfaces (only 2m/4o version with adapter card)

• Sixty-three times 2 Mbit/s (120Ω and 75Ω version available)

• Four times 2 Mbit/s (120Ω and 75Ω) at the EPL4_E14 option card

• Thirty-two times 2 Mbit/s (75Ω) at the EPL4_E132_75 option card

Please note that legacy cards for 1.5 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, and 45 Mbit/s require atwo-slot wide adapter card to fit in the shelf.

Features

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Data interfaces.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

LAN interfaces

Metropolis® AMU supports a variety of Ethernet interfaces, depending on the optioncards in use.

• up to four 10/100BASE-T LAN interfaces, as part of theTransLAN® Ethernet SDHTransport Solution, at the X4IP-V2 option card (only 2m/4o version with adaptercard)

• up to eight Ethernet interfaces in Private Line mode at the X8PL option card (only2m/4o version with adapter card).

• up to two Ethernet/FastEthernet interfaces and twoEthernet/FastEthernet/GigabitEthernet interfaces with optional SFP usage forGigabitEthernet at the EPL4_E14 option card

• up to four Ethernet/FastEthernet interfaces at the EPL4_E132_75 option card

• up to four Ethernet/FastEthernet/GigabitEthernet interfaces at the ESW4_E14option card

Please note that legacy cards like X8PL and X4IP require a two-slot wide adapter cardto fit in the shelf.

Features

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Timing interfaces.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Metropolis® AMU provides one external timing input and output per main card forITU-T compliant 2048 kHz / 2048 kbit/s timing signals, see also“Timing interfacefeatures” (p. 2-26). The timing output is realized as RJ45 connector suitable forsymmetrical twisted pair cables with an impedance of 120Ω or coaxial cables with animpedance of 75Ω.

Features

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Orderwire interfaces.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

V.11 interfaces

The Metropolis® AMU supports one Engineering Order Wire (EOW) interface (V.11);regardless of the configuration, there is support for the EOW on Main-1 on line port 1(LP1.1). The E2 channel is used to transfer the EOW data.

Features

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Operations interfaces.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Operations interfaces

The Metropolis® AMU offers a wide range of operations interfaces to meet the needsof an evolving Operations System (OS) network. The operation interfaces include:

• One Q interfaceThe Q interface enables network-oriented communication betweenMetropolis®

AMU systems and the element/network manager. This interface uses a Qx interfaceprotocol that is compliant with ITU-T recommendation G.773-CLNS1 to providethe capability for remote management via the Data Communication Channels(DCCs). The Q-LAN connector is either a 10 Mbit/s or 100 Mbit/s (10/100BASE-T) connector with automatic MDI/MDIX selection.

• One F interface for a local PCOne RJ-45 F-interface is provided, at the main board of theMetropolis® AMUThis interface provides operation access for a locally installed PC, the CraftInterface Terminal (ITM-CIT)

• USB interfaceThe Metropolis® AMU provide two USB interfaces for future enhancements.

• G LAN interfaceThe Metropolis® AMU provides a G LAN interface to connect to the Ethernet portof the PC (on which theFast Download Toolis installed) for quick softwaredownload. The G LAN interface supports the automatic MDI/MDIX function, sono crossover cable is needed.

• User-settable Miscellaneous Discrete InterfacesThe Metropolis® AMU provides 4 user-selectable Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs(MDIs) and 4 outputs (MDOs). The MDIs can be used to read the status ofexternal alarm points, for example, power supply detectors, open door detectors orfire alarm detectors. The MDOs indicate the alarm status of the equipment anddrive external signalling devices. Labels can be associated to an MDI. An MDOcan be coupled to an alarm event.

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Power interfaces.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Optionally AC or DC powered

The Metropolis® AMU can optionally be AC powered or DC powered. However, therealization of the power supply is slightly different. TheMetropolis® AMU can only beAC powered by means of an external AC/DC converter.

DC power supply

Metropolis ® AMU

Nominal voltage range –48 V DC to –60 V DC

Permissible voltage range –39 V DC to –72 V DC

Voltage range AC (optionalAC/DC converter needed)

88 132 VAC or 176 264 VAC

(selectable by switch)

Power inputs Two redundant power inputs that can protect each other.The system can operate completely normal on only one

power feeder.

Power connector 3-pin terminal block connector

Applicable standards ETS 300132-2

AC power supply

As an alternative to the DC power supply, an AC power supply can be facilitated viaan external AC/DC converter.

Important! To operate theMetropolis® AMU AC powered, anexternal AC/DCconverteris required.

Related information

Please also refer to the Metropolis® AMU Installation Guide.

Features

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Transmission features

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This section gives an overview of the transmission related features of theMetropolis®

AMU. For more detailed information on the implementation of the switch function inthe NE please refer toChapter 4, “Product description”.

Contents

Cross-connection features 2-11

Transmission protection 2-12

Equipment protection 2-13

Ethernet features 2-14

Auto-Negotiation 2-16

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) 2-17

Link Pass Through (LPT) 2-18

Ethernet mapping schemes 2-19

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Cross-connection features.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Cross-connection rates

Metropolis® AMU supports bidirectional cross-connections for VC-12, VC-3 and VC-4.The cross connect matrix is 100% flexible non blocking.

Loopback cross-connections are possible on VC-12 and VC-3 level as well as VC-4level.

Transparent DCC cut-through

The system supports up to eight bidirectional connections for transparent DCCforwarding through the system from STM-N port to another. Each connection cansupport transparent link for the DCC-RS or the DCC-MS or both DCC channelsassociated with a single STM-N interface.

The supported framing method is HDLC.

Please note that the same pool of connections that is available for transparent DCCcut-through is also required for connecting the DCC of an STM-N port to the internalIS_IS router. This means a restriction on the number of available connections for DCCcut-through purposes.

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Transmission protection.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Supported protection mechanisms

To guarantee service availability, these transmission protection mechanisms aresupported by theMetropolis® AMU:

• Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)

– 1+1 MSP on optical STM-1/4 and STM-1e interfaceThe protection switching can be configured revertive and non-revertive as wellas unidirectional and bidirectional (i.e. both directions of transmission are,respectively, switching separately or jointly). But the remote end of theMultiplex section must support the necessary features for this operation. AnySTM-N port combination with the same transmission rate can be used as acombination of line and tributary SDH ports.Forced, manual and lockout switch commands are supported. The MSPimplementation is compliant with the ITU-T Rec. G.841/Clause 7.1 and ETS300417-3-1 (i.e. the APS protocol is optimized for 1:N protection). ETSI failureof protocol applies. Under this protocol also an alarm-free interworking modewith SONET defined MSP is supported.The maximum switch completion time is 50 ms.

• Subnetwork Connection Protection (SNCP)

– VC-12 SNC/N protection (non-revertive)A non-intrusively monitored subnetwork connection protection (SNC/N) relationcan be set up between any arbitrary incoming TU-12 from any STM-N and anyother arbitrary incoming TU-12 from any STM-N interface (VC-12s aremapped into TU-12s).Only non-revertive operation is possible. Manual and forced switch commandsare supported. In the return channel the signal is simply bridged to bothoutputs.The maximum switch completion time is 50 ms.

– Lower order VC-3 SNC/N protection (non-revertive)A non-intrusively monitored subnetwork connection protection (SNC/N) relationcan be set up between any arbitrary incoming TU-3 from any STM-N interfaceand any other arbitrary incoming TU-3 from any STM-N interface.Only non-revertive operation is possible. Manual and forced switch commandsare supported. In the return channel the signal is simply bridged to bothoutputs.The maximum switch completion time is 50 ms.

– Higher order VC-4 SNC/N protection (non-revertive)A non-intrusively monitored subnetwork connection protection (SNC/N) relationcan be set up between any arbitrary incoming TU-3 from any STM-N interfaceand any other arbitrary incoming TU-3 from any STM-N interface.Only non-revertive operation is possible. Manual and forced switch commandsare supported. In the return channel the signal is simply bridged to bothoutputs.The maximum switch completion time is 50 ms.

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Equipment protection.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Supported protection mechanisms

Metropolis® AMU provides the following equipment protection mechanisms (mainboard based)

• 1+1 equipment protection of the cross-connection function

• Equipment protection of the power supply filter function

• Equipment protection of the timing function

The cross-connection function, the power filter function and the system timing functionare on the same unit and can be duplicated for equipment protection.

Equipment protection of cross-connection and timing function

If two units are present in the system an automatic protection switch relation can be setup by the user. The switching is revertive. This means that the service returns to theMain board 2 when both boards are working. Manual operation of the protection issupported and the unprotected operation is possible as well. The traffic interruptiontime is less than 50 ms with manual switch commands and less than 50 ms plus thedetection time for automatic protection switches triggered by a failure. The unit that isnot active can be pulled or replaced without causing bit errors in the traffic.

Important! Please note that the EOW, Q-LAN and MDI/MDO interfaces on theMain board 2 are not operational.

Equipment protection of the power filter function

If two units are present in the system, both power filter parts are active.

Features

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Ethernet features.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Ethernet and Fast Ethernet applications

The TransLAN® option card (X4IP-V2) can be used for Ethernet and Fast Ethernetapplications inMetropolis® AMU 2m/4o version (adapter card required).

Ethernet private line applications

The X8PL option card can be used for Ethernet private line applications inMetropolis® AMU 2m/4o version (adapter card required).

Please refer to“X8PL option card (legacy)” (p. 4-29)for a more detailed description ofthe X8PL option card.

The EPL4_E14 and EPL4_E132_75 option cards can be used for Ethernet private lineapplications withMetropolis® AMU 2m/4o and 1m/1o version.

Please refer to“EPL4_E14 option card” (p. 10-4)and“EPL4_E132_75 option card”(p. 10-4)for a more detailed description of these option cards.

Ethernet applications

The ESW4_E14 option card can be hosted in the Tributary Slot 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Please refer to“ESW4_E14 option card” (p. 4-17)for a detailed description of theESW4_E14 Ethernet option card.

Main features of the legacy option cards X4IP-V2 and X8PL

The following table lists the main features and differences of the two option cardsX4IP-V2 and X8PL which can be used for Ethernet applications:

X4IP-V2 X8PL

4 ports 8 ports

provides a Layer 2 switch no switch

supports advanced networking applicationslike ring connections or point-to-multi-point connections

cost optimized option card forpoint-to-point applications

no LCAS (Link capacity adjustmentscheme) support

supports the LCAS (Link CapacityAdjustment Scheme) protocol (please referto “LCAS” (p. 2-17))

EoS (Ethernet over SDH) mapping or GFP(Generic Framing Procedure)

GFP or LAPS (Link Access ProcedureSDH) (please refer to“Ethernet mappingschemes” (p. 2-19))

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Main Ethernet features of EPL4_E14 and EPL4_E132_75

The following table lists the main features and differences of the two option cardsEPL4_E14 and EPL4_E132_75 beside PDH which can be used for Ethernetapplications:

EPL4_E14 EPL4_E132_75

4 ports:

• two either optical (1000BASE-SXSFP) or electrical triple rate10/100/1000BASE-T

• two dual rate 10/100BaseT

(Only two Gigabit-interfaces can be usedat the same time, plugged or unpluggedSFPs switch the respective optical port onor off.)

4 ports:

• four dual rate 10/100BaseT

no switch no switch

point-to-point applications point-to-point applications

supports the LCAS protocol supports the LCAS protocol

GFP and LAPS mapping of Ethernetframes

GFP and LAPS mapping of Ethernetframes

Main Ethernet features of ESW4_E14 option card

The main features of the ESW4_E14 option card are listed below.

• 2 x Gigabit interface for 10/100/1000Base-T or 1000Base-X

• 2 x E/FE/GE interface but limited to E/FE (10/100Base-T)

• 4 x E1 interfaces, 75/120Ω• Enhanced Flow Classification

• Upto 8 Virtual Concatenation Groups

• Low latency LCAS

• GFP + LAPS + PPP mapping of Ethernet frames

• Supports VLAN and/or ETHER_TYPE switching and adding/removing VLAN tags

Features Ethernet features

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Auto-Negotiation.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Auto-Negotiation

The Auto-Negotiation function automatically configures the Ethernet interfaceparameters to establish an optimal Ethernet link based on the capabilities of thenear-end and far-end Ethernet interfaces.

Auto-Negotiation for twisted-pair systems, defined in Clause 28 of the Standard802.3-2002, has been extended to include all three speeds of Ethernet that aresupported over twisted-pair cable: 10Mbit/s 10Base-T, 100Mbit/s 100Base- TX, and1000 Mbit/s 1000Base-T.

The physical signaling portion of all three twisted-pair systems use the sameAuto-Negotiation signaling standard. While Auto-Negotiation can be disabled on10Base-T and 100Base-TX links, it is required on 1000- Base-T systems since GigabitEthernet systems use Auto-Negotiation to establish the master-slave signal timingcontrol that is required to make the link operational. For more information about themaster-slave mode, please refer the Metropolis® AMU User Operations Guide.

To be able to override the Auto-Negotiation function, it is possible to disableAuto-Negotiation. This might be needed if Auto-Negotiation cannot establish a link orif a specific link speed / mode is required.

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Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

LCAS

The X8PL, EPL4_E14, and EPL4_E132_75 option cards for Ethernet private lineapplications and the ESW4_E14 Ethernet option card support the Link CapacityAdjustment Scheme (LCAS).

LCAS defines a synchronization protocol between two termination points of a virtualconcatenated path that allows in-service dynamic sizing of the VCn-Xv bandwidth thatis available for Ethernet-over-SDH transmission. This bandwidth change can occureither in response to a failure condition on one member or a requirement for a changein bandwidth at an NE (provisioning action).

In case of failure, the bandwidth will be restored automatically after the failure clears.The size of the VCn-Xv is increased or decreased in steps of one VCn. Theprovisioning is performed by adding/removing paths to/from the Ethernet tributarycard.

The default LCAS hold-off timer is set to zero to allow immediate LCAS protection.This means that LCAS acts immediately during disruptions. As a result, less packetsare dropped when LCAS allows SDH to deal with service disruptions.

If the LCAS group is protected by a higher protection mechanism such as SNC, thehold-off timer should be set to a value of 100ms to enable SNC protection beforeLCAS protection. However, while using double protection, set the hold-off timersaccordingly.

The LCAS feature is supported for VC4-Xv (only EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75, andESW4_E14), VC3-Xv and VC12-Xv.

Features

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Link Pass Through (LPT).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

LPT

The Ethernet interface supports Link Pass Through mode. The Ethernet port transmitteris disabled in case of failures in the upstream network. For example, a remote Ethernetcable or optic fiber failure, an SDH/SONET network failure or any equipment failure.The downstream equipment, a LambdaRouter or an IP router, will observe the absenceof the Ethernet input signal and use it as a fast trigger to perform its native protectionscheme. The remote failures are transported in-band via the GFP-Client Signal Failmessage. The LPT is only supported on ports that operate in a one-to-one associationwith a WAN port. The option cards EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75, and ESW4_E14support the LPT mode.

Features

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Ethernet mapping schemes.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Introduction

Metropolis® AMU support the following schemes for the mapping of Ethernet packetsinto SDH frames:

• Link Access Procedure SDH (LAPS encapsulation)

• Generic Framing Procedure (GFP encapsulation)

LAPS encapsulation

LAPS encapsulation is implemented according to ITU-T X.86. It is supported whenusing the EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75, and ESW4_E14 option cards.

The following rates are supported:

• Mapping Ethernet packets into Vc12-Xv



GFP encapsulation

GFP encapsulation is implemented according to T1X1.5/2000-147. It is supported whenusing the EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75, ESW4_E14, X8PL or X4IP-V2 option cards.

GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signalsover a transport network.

The following GFP encapsulation are possible:

• Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC12–Xv

• Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC3–Xv

• Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Higher Order SDH VC4–Xv

VC12–Xv GFP encapsulation

The Metropolis® AMU support virtual concatenation of Lower Order SDH VC-12 asinverse multiplexing technique to size the bandwidth of a single internal WAN port fortransport of encapsulated Ethernet and Fast Ethernet packets over the SDH/SONETnetwork. This is noted VC12-Xv, where X = 1...63 when using the X8PL and X =163 per port when using EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75, and ESW4_E14 option cards.Usage is in conformance with ITU-T G.707 Clause 11 (2000 Edition) and G.783Clause 12.5 (2000).

Additionally, the use of G.707 Extended Signal Label is supported using V5 (bits 5-7)field.


The Metropolis® AMU support virtual concatenation of Lower Order SDH VC-3 asinverse multiplexing technique to size the bandwidth of a single internal WAN port for

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transport of encapsulated Ethernet and Fast Ethernet packets over the SDH/SONETnetwork. This is noted VC3–Xv, where X = 1...3 for X8PL and X = 19 per port whenusing EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75, and ESW4_E14 option cards. Usage is inconformance with ITU-T G.707 Clause 11 (2000 Edition) and G.783 Clause 12.5(2000) and T1X1 T1.105 Clause 7.3.2 (2001 Edition).


The Metropolis® AMU supports virtual concatenation of Higher Order SDH VC-4 asinverse multiplexing technique to size the bandwidth of a single internal WAN port fortransport of encapsulated Gigabit Ethernet packets over the SDH network. This isnoted VC4-Xv, where X = 1...7 per port when using EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75, andESW4_E14 option cards. Usage is in conformance with ITU-T G.707 Clause 11 (2000Edition) and G.783 Clause 12.5 (2000) and T1X1 T1.105 Clause 7.3.2 (2001 Edition).

Features Ethernet mapping schemes

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Equipment features

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This section provides information aboutMetropolis® AMU features concerninghardware protection, inventory and failure reports.

Contents

Hardware concept 2-22

Equipment reports 2-23

Features

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Hardware concept.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Standard units and option units

Metropolis® AMU is a compact and cost-effective LXC designed to be installed at thecustomer’s premises for fiber-to-the-business applications. The space-efficient designallows for vertical (1m/1o vertical and horizontal) mounting within a 19″ rack andETSI rack.

The basic of the hardware concept are two different subracks. The so called 2m/4oversion has six slots, two for main boards (second main board for additional line portsand/or equipment protection) and 4 for option boards. The 1m/1o version contains twoslots, one main and one option card slot.

The main board which includes a central cross-connect, timing, four ports, powersupply and operation interfaces. The adaptions to specific network requirements arerealized by the use of several types of options boards which provide tributaryinterfaces with various bitrates or LAN interfaces. For a more detailed hardwaredescription please refer toChapter 4, “Product description”.

Features

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Equipment reports.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Equipment inventory

Metropolis® AMU automatically maintain an inventory of the following information ofeach installed circuit pack:

• Serial number

• ECI code

• Functional name

• Item code

• Software release (of the NE)

• Comcode

• Interchangeability Marker

You can obtain this information by an inventory request command.

Metropolis® AMU additionally supports an inventory of the used SFPs. Besides theadministrative state the following information can be retrieved for the currently presentand last accepted SFP:

• Physical identifier

• Connector type

• Transceiver code

• Revision number

• Vendor serial number

• Comcode

• Compatibility byte

• Lucent unique number

• WES SFP vendor ID

• Module qualifier

• Module type

• CLEI code (if applicable)

• Item code / Apparatus code

• Interchangeability marker

Equipment failure reports

Failure reports are generated for equipment faults and can be forwarded via interfacesof the ITM-CIT or the Element Management System (EMS).

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Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This section provides information about synchronization features, timing protection andtiming interfaces ofMetropolis® AMU.

Contents

Timing features 2-25

Timing interface features 2-26

Features

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Timing features.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Synchronization modes

Several synchronization configurations can be used.Metropolis® AMU can beprovisioned for the following timing modes:

• free-running operation

• holdover mode

• locked mode

In locked mode the internal SDH Equipment Clock (SEC) is locked to:

• one of the STM-1 or STM-4 signals.

• one of the 2 Mbit/s tributary signals

• one of the external 2 MHz / 2 Mbit/s inputs (one per main board)

Features

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Timing interface features.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Synchronization Status Message (SSM) signal

A timing marker or synchronization status message signal can be used to transfer thesignal-quality level throughout a network. This will guarantee that all network elementsare always synchronized to the highest-quality clock that is available.

On theMetropolis® AMU systems the SSM algorithm or the timing marker issupported according to ITU-T recommendation G.781 and ETSI recommendation ETS300-417-6-1. The SSM is supported on all STM-N interfaces.

External timing interfaces

Metropolis® AMU provides one external timing input and output per main card forITU-T compliant 2048 kHz / 2048 kbit/s timing signals. The timing output is realizedas RJ45 connector suitable for symmetrical twisted pair cables with an impedance of120 Ω or coaxial cables with an impedance of 75Ω.

2 Mbit/s tributary retiming

The user can choose whether individual 2 Mbit/s tributary outputs operate in“self-timed” or “re-synchronized” mode. In the (standard) self-timed mode, the phaseof the outgoing signal is a moving average of the phase of the 2 Mbit/s signal becausethe signal is embedded in the VC-12 that is disassembled. In the re-synchronized modethe 2 Mbit/s signal is timed by the SDH Equipment Clock (SEC) of the networkelement; frequency differences between the local clock and the 2 Mbit/s signalembedded in the VC-12 to be disassembled are accommodated by a slip buffer.

There is also the following option: whenever the traceability of the local clock dropsbelow a certain threshold, the re-timing 2 Mbit/s interfaces automatically switch toself-timing. When this fail condition disappears, these interfaces return to re-timing.These changes do not involve any hits in the traffic.

Important! Re-timing should only be applied when the network element whichperforms the re-timing and the network element which generated the 2 Mbit/ssignal have traced back their SECs to the same synchronization source. Otherwise acontinuous stream of 2 Mbit/s frame slips or skips will occur at the re-timing pointwhich is indicated by a FCS threshold crossing alarm.

The user has the option of operating individual 2 Mbit/s outputs in the“re-synchronized” mode. In this mode the 2 Mbit/s output signal is timed by thesystem clock of the network element.

Features

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Operations, Administration, Maintenance andProvisioning

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

The following section provides information about interfaces for Operations,Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning (OAM&P) activities and the monitoringand diagnostics features ofMetropolis® AMU.

Contents

Remote maintenance, management and control 2-28

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Remote maintenance, management and control.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

First maintenance tier

The maintenance procedures of theMetropolis® AMU systems are built on two levelsof system information and control. The first maintenance tier consists of the LEDs onthe equipment. There are six LEDs on the front of the main board ofMetropolis®

AMU: Two are for unit level indications and four for failure indications related to eachindividual SFP. Additionally there are LEDs on option cards and near to the SFPs. TheLEDs indicate basic alarms or basic operation states.

Second maintenance tier

The second maintenance tier employs the Lucent Technologies network managementsystem. Detailed information and system control are obtained by using the ITM-CIT(Craft Interface Terminal), which supports provisioning, maintenance and configurationon a local basis. A similar facility (via a Q-LAN connection or via the DCC channels)is remotely available on the Element Management System (EMS), which provides acentralized maintenance view and supports maintenance activities from a centrallocation.

Features

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3 3Network Topologies

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter illustrates different applications of theMetropolis® AMU. Theseapplications can be implemented using optical or electrical interfaces.

Contents

Linear applications 3-2

Folded ring application 3-4

Ring application 3-5

Dual-homed ring application 3-6

Linear extension application 3-7

Dual ring closure 3-8

Multiple ring application 3-9

Hub application 3-10

Full capacity ring interconnection 3-11

Metropolis® AMU 1m/1o typical application 3-12

Grooming application 3-13

IP Tunneling in the DCC channels application 3-14

GSM/UMTS application 3-16

Multi-service application with theTransLAN® option board 3-17

Point-to-point LAN connection 3-22

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Linear applications.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Point-to-point applications without MSP protection

The figures below show a point-to-point application without MSP protection.

Point-to-point application with MSP protection.

The figure below shows a point-to-point application with MSP protection.

E1

MetropolisAMU

E1 E1 E1

STM-1 or STM-4Metropolis

AMU

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T

1000 BASE T or XSTM-1

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1

Metropolis

E1

STM-4 or STM-1

E1

Metropolis

E1

AMU AMU

STM-4 or STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


Network Topologies

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Linear application with MSP protection

A linear application with MSP protection can be found in the following figure.

Linear unprotected application

When cost is a major factor, this application requires a minimum amount of equipmentand fiber. It is well suited for LAN-to-LAN traffic on campus networks or betweenbusiness locations requiring cost-effective and reliable communications. Managementrequirements of this application are minimal.

Metropolis®AMU

Metropolis®AMU

Metropolis®AMU

STM-1or

STM-4

STM-1or

STM-4

STM-1or

STM-4

STM-1or

STM-4

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


10/100 BASE T

STM-1or

STM-4

STM-1or

STM-4

STM-1or

STM-4

10/100 BASE T 10/100 BASE T 10/100 BASE T

Metropolis Metropolis Metropolis MetropolisAMU AMU AMU AMU

E1 E1 E1 E1E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


Network Topologies Linear applications

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3-3

Folded ring application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The figure below shows an STM-1 or STM-4 Folded Ring application.

Compared to the linear application in“Linear unprotected application” (p. 3-3), thefolded-ring provides extra reliability by protection as well as the potential to upgradethe ring with diverse possibilities of fiber routing.

AMUMetropolis

STM-1or

STM-4Metropolis

STM-1or

STM-4Metropolis

STM-1or

STM-4Metropolis

10/100 BASE-T 10/100 BASE-T 10/100 BASE-T 10/100 BASE-T

AMU AMU AMU

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


Network Topologies

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Ring application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The STM-1 or STM-4 Ring application illustrated in the figure below is an example ofa simple and inexpensive way of transporting all signals that can be connected to aMetropolis® AMU, like E1 and 10/100 BASE-T. The individual nodes can be managedremotely or locally by the Element Management System (EMS) or ITM-CIT.

AMU

10/100 BASE-T

E1

Metropolis

E1Metropolis

STM-1 Ring or STM-4 Ring

E1

Metropolis

Metropolis

E1

AMU

AMU

AMU

10/100BASE-T

10/100BASE-T

10/100 BASE-TE110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE TSTM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


Network Topologies

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3-5

Dual-homed ring application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The figure below shows an example of a dual-homed ring application. Similar to thesingle-homed example in the previous chapter, access to the STM-N network isthrough two hosts. This may be preferable to the single-host application wherecompleting the STM-1 or STM-4 ring may be difficult due to geographical features. Italso provides protection against node failure through the second host node.

E1

Metropolis

E1

Metropolis

E1

Metropolis

HOSTNODE A

Metropolis

ADM

E1

MetropolisHOST

NODE B

Metropolis

ADM

STM-1 Ring or STM-4 Ring ( )Metropolis AMSTM-16 RingOr

STM-4 Ring

STM-64 RingOr

AMU

AMU

AMU

AMU

STM-1 Ring or STM-4 Ring

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1

E110/100 BASE T

STM-1E1

10/100 BASE TSTM-1

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T

1000 BASE T or XSTM-1E1, DS1, E3,DS3

10/100 BASE T1000 BASE T or X

STM-1

Network Topologies

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Linear extension application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The figure below shows a linear extension. In this case the STM-1 / STM-4 linearextension can be laid out protected or unprotected.

AMU

HOSTNODE

Metropolis

ADM

STM-1or

STM-4

E1

Metropolis

STM-1or

STM-4

E1

Metropolis

STM-1or

STM-4

E1

MetropolisSTM-16 Ring

OrSTM-4 Ring

STM-64 RingOr

AMU AMU

STM-4 RingOr

STM-1 Ring

Metropolis®AMU

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


Network Topologies

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3-7

Dual ring closure.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The figure below illustrates a dual ring closure application. This configuration connectsthe STM-1 or STM-4 ring to the STM-N network through a host node.

An STM-1 line (STM-1 tributary interface) with MSP protection allows the connectionbetween e.g. twoMetropolis® AMU.

Network Topologies

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Multiple ring application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The Sl-14/4 option card provides 8 STM-1 or 2 STM-4 interfaces or a mix of bothoptions. This set up enables ring closure for one STM-4 ring or four STM-1 rings pertributary card in addition to the main cards.

Network Topologies

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Hub application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The figure below shows an example hub application to concentrate SDH, PDH andEthernet traffic. Typically the feeding network elements would be laid out as 1m/1ohardware version.

Network Topologies

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Full capacity ring interconnection.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The figure below shows an example ring interconnection and add/drop with fullcapacity application to interconnect SDH, PDH and Ethernet traffic. This particularapplication can only be created with aMetropolis® AMU 2m/4o version.

STM-4 Ring STM-4 Ring

Metropolis ®

AMU(2m/4o)

E1, DS1, E3,DS310/100 BASE T


Network Topologies

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Metropolis® AMU 1m/1o typical application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The figure below shows a typical example to interconnect SDH, PDH and Ethernettraffic in a ring with aMetropolis® AMU 1m/1o version.

Network Topologies

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Grooming application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The following figure depicts an example VC-12 grooming application.

Metropolis®AMU

STM-1protected

Metropolis®AMU

STM-1or

STM-4Metropolis®

AMUMetropolis®

AMUMetropolis®

ADM

STM-1or

STM-4

STM-1or

STM-4

Metropolis®AMU

Metropolis®AMU

Metropolis®AMU

Metropolis®AMU

Metropolis®AMU

Metropolis®AMU

Metropolis®AMU

STM-1protected

STM-1

STM-1

STM-1

STM-1

STM-1

STM-1

STM-64 Ringor

STM-16 Ringor

STM-4 Ring

Network Topologies

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3-13

IP Tunneling in the DCC channels application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The figure below shows an example of the IP tunneling in the DCC channelsapplication. This feature provides a way to manage IP devices through the DataCommunication Network (DCN). An IP Element Management System (EMS) is usedto manage NEs which use IP based management protocols (IP NEs).

The embedded overhead channel (Data Communication Channel) of theMetropolis®

AMU is used to transport the management data between the IP EMS and the differentNEs.

An IP tunnel can be seen as a set of two static routing entries in nodes on the edge ofthe OSI network and the corresponding static entries in the routing table. The LAN isused by the IP EMS.

IP

EMSIP NE

IPds NE ds NENE NE

2Mbit/s

dcc dcc

IP IP tunnel IP

Lan

router

Lan Lan

ds NE = Network Element with dual stack

NE = Other Network Element

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The figure below shows an application with AnyMedia Access equipments (AAS). TheEMS for AAS realizes the management of the different AAS equipments via theQ-LAN interfaces and using the DCC channels of the differentMetropolis® AMU.

Network Topologies IP Tunneling in the DCC channels application

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GSM/UMTS application.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The Metropolis® AMU is an attractive offer in a ring topology for servingGSM/UMTS base stations.

The figure below illustrates an example ofMetropolis® AMU in a GSM/UMTSapplication.

Network Topologies

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Multi-service application with theTransLAN® option board.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The TransLAN® option board, enables the SDH network elements to provide Ethernetover SDH, and offers variable data applications on top of the traditional TDMapplications. This results in cost-effective, simple and reliable multi-service solutionsfor customers.TransLAN® can provide VLAN functions, and bandwidth can be sharedfor different customers.

Direct LAN-to-LAN interconnect (two LAN’s)

The most straightforward application of theTransLAN® option board is to interconnecttwo LAN segments that are at a distance that cannot be reached with a simple Ethernetrepeater, since that would violate the collision domain size rules. Both LAN’s do nothave to be of the same speed. It is possible to interconnect a 10BASE-T and a100BASE-T/X LAN this way. This application is shown in the figure below:

Direct LAN-to-LAN interconnect (Multiple LAN’s)

A next step in complexity is to interconnect multiple LAN’s, more than two, atdifferent locations. It is possible to associate a single LAN port with two or more

Network Topologies

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WAN ports. In this way multiple sites can be interconnected, forming a fully Layer 2switched WAN Ethernet network. This application is shown in the figure below.

LAN-ISP interconnect

An extension of the previous application is to have one LAN drop of a multi-pointLAN-to-LAN interconnection at the point of presence of an ISP (Internet ServiceProvider), to provide for instance Internet access to the users in the company LANs.

Multiple customers sharing a WAN connection

To increase the efficiency of the bandwidth usage, it is possible to route the Ethernettraffic of multiple end-users over the same SDH facilities. This feature is calledLAN-VPN and makes use of customer VPN tags, a tagging scheme derived from the

Network Topologies Multi-service application with the TransLAN® option board

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IEEE802.1Q VLAN standard to separate the traffic of the different users. Thisapplication is shown in figure below.

VLAN Trunking

At the ISP premises, the aggregated LAN traffic from multiple customers (i.e. multipleVLANs) via one single high capacity Ethernet link (Fast Ethernet) to data equipmentin a Central Office or ISP POP such as an IP edge Router, IP Service Switch or ATMSwitch, can be handled by means of the VLAN trunking feature. VLAN trunking is apossible application of the IEEE 802.1Q or the IEEE 802.1ad VLAN tagging scheme.Main benefit of the VLAN trunking feature is thatTransLAN® cards can hand off enduser LAN traffic via one high capacity LAN port instead of multiple low speed LAN

Corporate Head Office

Corp. A

Corp. B

PBX

PBX

LAN

LAN

CO or POP

LAN

Metro AM

Corp. A Branch Office

To Internet

PBXE1

E1PBX

LAN

LAN

Corp. A Branch Office

Metro AM

Metro AM

STM-16 Metro/Regional Ring

STM-1 Access/Edge Ring

ADM

ADM

ADM

Metro AM = Equipped as Metropolis® AM

= Firewall

= Router/Switch

E1

E1

nxE1

DigitalSwitch

ISP Router

or Metropolis® AMS


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ports, thus reducing port, space and cabling costs.“VLAN Trunking” (p. 3-20) givesan example of VLAN Trunking.

DCN support with the TransLAN ® unit

The TransLAN® option board can also be used for DCN engineering purposes. Animportant application in this respect is to use the Ethernet interfaces to make a longdistance Q-LAN connection. This solution can replace the current solution that usesexternal modems or routers. It is often cheaper and easier to manage if the longdistance Q-LAN connection can be made over the SDH infrastructure (at the cost ofthe bandwidth of a few VC-12s). The DCN application of theTransLAN® option boardassumes that the Element Management System (EMS) is collocated with at least one ofthe NEs that is equipped with aTransLAN® card (e.g.,Metropolis® AMU, Metropolis®

ADM (universal shelf) or Metropolis® ADM (compact shelf)). In such a case, one canconnect the Ethernet port of the Element Management System (EMS) to one of the


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designated 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX LAN ports and configure the associated WANport with desired bandwidth (e.g., VC12) to carry the management traffic.


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Point-to-point LAN connection.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The point-to-point LAN connection is used to interconnect two sites of a customereach of which has a LAN interface. Another application is the interconnection of thesites of two service providers that have Ethernet interfaces.

Some dedicated SDH bandwidth is allocated to the connection between both endpoints. The virtual concatenation mapping allows the operator to assign an optimizedSDH bandwidth. Such an application can effectively be realized withMetropolis®

AMU using one of the private line option cards which provide the GFP and LAPSEthernet mapping schemes and the LCAS protocol (please refer to“Ethernet features”(p. 2-14), “Ethernet mapping schemes” (p. 2-19)and“Link Capacity AdjustmentScheme (LCAS)” (p. 2-17)).

The following figure shows an example of a point-to-point LAN connection:

The ESW4_E14 option card supports point-to-point LAN connections with Ethernetswitching. This allows statistical multiplexing and as a result, higher bandwidthefficiency. TheMetropolis® AMU1m/1o version with ESW4_E14 and EPL4_E14option cards presents a very efficient way for full throughput Gigabit Ethernet access atlow costs. The Gigabit Ethernet connection can be transported using 2 STM-4 linksand virtual concatenation and LCAS distributed over both links.

SDHPublic Netw ork

Metropolis

MetropolisAMU

(with option card:X8PL or

)EPL4_E14 or

EPL4_132_75

Ethernet o ver VCn-Xv(GFP/LAPS/LCAS)

End-User ASite 1

End-User ASite 2

Ethernet

EthernetAMU

(with option card:X8PL or

)EPL4_E14 or

EPL4_132_75

Network Topologies

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4 4Product description

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter describes theMetropolis® AMU in terms of physical configuration andcircuit packs.

Chapter structure

After a description of the basic architecture, the hardware is presented. A closer look istaken to the switch function. Additionally the option cards are described.

Contents

Hardware overview of theMetropolis® AMU 4-2

System Architecture 4-9

Option cards 4-10

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4-1

Hardware overview of theMetropolis® AMU.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section provides a hardware description of theMetropolis® AMUAdd-Drop-Multiplexer.

Hardware description Metropolis ® AMU

The Metropolis® AMU is a compact SDH Multiplexer, enabling cost-effective STM-1,STM-4 (and STM-16 future release) Add/Drop Multiplexer solutions. Severalmechanical variants are defined to target specific applications. TheMetropolis® AMU2m/4o has 6 slots (2x main and 4x tributary) and is optimized for high capacity andprotected Central Office applications.

The Metropolis® AMU 1m/1o has 2 slots (1x main and 1x tributary) and is targeted forCPE and unprotected applications.

One set of boards is used across the various mechanical configurations of theMetropolis® AMU.

Metropolis® AMU start-up configuration (shelf plus one main card) already supports 2cages for hot-pluggable STM-1 or STM-4 interfaces and 2 cages for hot-pluggableSTM-1 interfaces. Most of the existingMetropolis® AM and Metropolis® AMSoptionboards can be fitted via an adapter card, which occupies two tributary slots. In

Figure 4-1 Metropolis ® AMU 2m/4o version

MA

IN-1

MA

IN-2

TR

IB-1

TR

IB-2

TR

IB-3

TR

IB-4

Product description

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365-312-847R3.0Issue 3, June 2006

the Metropolis® AMU 2m/4o a second main card can be fitted for high-availabilityconfigurations or to increase the amount of interfaces.

Its space-efficient design allows for vertical (2m/4o and 1m/1o version) or horizontal(1m/1o version) installation within controlled environment locations (interior ETSI and19” racks). The 2m/4o configuration allows the placement of two systems side-by-sidein a 19-inch or ETSI rack. The 1m/1o configuration allows the placement of up to 5systems side-by-side. Please refer to the Metropolis® AMU Installation Guidefordetails.

The unit has the following characteristics:

• Subrack physical dimensions:

– 2m/4o: 300 x 224 x 270 mm (H x W x D) unit size (without wall or rackmounting system

– 1m/1o: 300 x 88 x 270 mm (H x W x D) unit size (without wall or rackmounting system)

• Main board including:

– Four SFP connectors that support 2 hot-pluggable STM-1 or STM-4 interfacesand 2 hot-pluggable STM-1 interfaces as well as STM-1e and STM-1 singlefiber working interfaces. The optical interface is utilizing LC connectors.

– F-interface (RJ45) complying with V.10/RS-232 for the Craft Interface Terminal(ITM-CIT)

– Q-LAN interface to connect to the EMS or to other NEs is available with anRJ-45 (LAN-10BaseT) connector

– Hardware prepared external synchronization Input/Output at 2048 kHz(STCLK) with RJ45 connector suitable for symmetrical twisted pair cable withan impedance of 120Ω or coaxial cable with an impedance of 75Ω.

Figure 4-2 Metropolis ® AMU 1m/1o version

MA

IN

TR

IB

Product description Hardware overview of the Metropolis® AMU

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4-3

– Four LED, one per SFP, (Red, Green) to indicate the status of the unit.

– Four Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs (MDIs) to read the status of external alarmpoints, and four Miscellaneous Discrete Outputs (MDOs) to drive externaldevices are available from a 25 pin male Sub-D connector.

– TheMetropolis® AMU provides one connector to the main card that allowsaccess to the RS EOW byte E1 or MS EOW byte E2 of the STM-1 lineinterface (LP1.1). A second connector is HW prepared.By default, theMetropolis® AMU directs the 64 kbit/s data supplied at theinput pins of the EOW connector to the E2 byte of the associated STM-1 lineinterface. If no data is supplied, i.e. the connector is unconnected, an all-zerospatterns must be sent in the E2 byte.By default, theMetropolis® AMU directs the 64 kbit/s data carried by the E2byte of each STM-1 line interface to the output pins of the associated EOWconnector.

– Two USB interfaces for future use

• There are two power supply options for the equipment: DC power supply or ACpower supply (via an external AC/DC converter).The system includes DC/DC conversion on the main board. The main cards providefiltering and fusing of the input voltage which is then provided to the optionboards. Two inputs, (-48V/-60V A and B) are on the board. The input range of theDC/DC converter is -48V to -72V.The power connectors used forMetropolis® AMU are two 3-pin terminal blocks.The advantages are that it is easy for installation (no soldering needed but screwinginstead) and 2 inputs (-A/-B) can be connected and disconnected independently.

• Option cards

– Sixty-three 2 Mbit/s tributaries with RJ45 connectors suitable for symmetricaltwisted pair cables with an impedance of 120Ω or coaxial cables with animpedance of 75Ω

– Two Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45 connectors and twoEthernet/FastEthernet/GigabitEthernet selectable either to use with optical SFPsor RJ45 connector and four 2 Mbit/s tributaries facilitated by two RJ45connectors suitable for symmetrical twisted pair cables with an impedance userselectable by port 120Ω or 75 Ω

– Four Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45 connectors and thirty-two 2Mbit/s tributaries facilitated by sixteen RJ45 connectors suitable forsymmetrical twisted pair cables with an impedance of 75Ω

– Two E/FE (10/100Base-T) interfaces that can be alternatively used to host oneSmall Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) module each (for 1000Base-X). Two RJ45connectors for triple rate Ethernet (10/100/1000Base-T). Two RJ45 connectorsfor dual rate Ethernet (10/100Base-T). Two RJ45 connectors for four E1interface 75/120Ω selectable.

– Eight interfaces that can host one Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) moduleeach. Two interfaces that support both STM-1 and STM-4 SFPs. Six interfacesthat only support STM-1 SFPs.


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• Legacy option cards:

– Sixteen 1.5 Mbit/s tributaries with RJ45 connectors suitable for symmetricaltwisted pair cables with an impedance of 100Ω

– Two 34 Mbit/s electrical tributaries with DIN 1.6/5.6 coaxial female connectorsfor coaxial cable with an impedance of 75Ω

– Two 45 Mbit/s electrical tributaries with DIN 1.6/5.6 coaxial female connectorsfor coaxial cable with an impedance of 75Ω

– Four 10/100BASE-T electrical tributaries with RJ45 connectors.

– Eight 10/100BASE-T electrical tributaries with RJ45 connectors for PrivateLine mode

The legacy option cards need to be fitted in a special two-slot wide adapter card. Thisoption is only supported for theMetropolis® AMU 2m/4o version.


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4-5

Subrack front view

The figures below show an illustration of theMetropolis® AMU 2m/4o and 1m/1oversion.

Figure 4-3 Metropolis ® AMU 2m/4o


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Figure 4-4 Metropolis ® AMU 1m/1o


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4-7

Main board

The following figure shows the front panel of theMetropolis® AMU main board withthe supported SFP rates.

Figure 4-5 Metropolis ® AMU Main board

Main board

STM-1/STM-4

STM-1/STM-4

STM-1

STM-1


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System Architecture.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Introduction

This section describes the architecture of the equipment and the architecture andfunction of the option cards.

Functional building blocks

The different functions provided by the main board are:

• Microprocessor and control circuits.The microprocessor and control circuits manages the different elements of theboard, the interfaces (F-interface, LAN-Q, T3) and the LEDs

• Four STM-N (N=1, 4) optical aggregate interfaces for SFP usage of twoSTM-1/STM-4 multirate and two STM-1 single rate types.

• In the transmit direction, the Line Interface performs the collection of AU4s andthe STM-N assembly. It performs RSOH/MSOH insertion

• In the receive direction, the STM-N Line Interface performs the STM-Ndisassembly, the RSOH/MSOH extraction, the management of the four AU4s andthe regeneration of data transmitted to the Higher Order (HO) Cross-connect.

• The HO Cross-connect also performs DCC processing.

• The Lower Order Cross-connect contains E12 processing components.

Cross-connect flexibility

The cross-connect matrix of theMetropolis® AMU has the following capabilities:

• HO cross connect of 81x94 VC-4s. 76x76 VC-4s are used for 4x 10 tribs, 1x 10main, 2x STM-4, 2x STM-1, 16x LOCC. The remaining VC-4s are needed for AIS,unequipped and a PRBS generator or monitor, for in-band management terminationand 16 outputs for flexible DCC termination. The HO CC can cross connect VC-4payloads between any port (future: additionally VC-4-4c payloads between any portand VC-4-16c between and tributary slots).

• LO cross connect of 16x16 VC-4 equivalents of VC-12 or VC-3; including AU4-PPand LO-NIMs

• 4 STM-N line interfaces with RS and MS bytes processing; 2 are multi-rate STM-1or STM-4, the other 2 are STM-1 only.

• 4 sets of interfaces to support hot-pluggable tributary slots: each set supports atransport capacity of 10 VC-4s.

• One interface between the main cards which provides a transport capacity of 10VC-4s.

• Overhead byte access to 16 MS- and/or RS-DCC channels; 1x V.11 E1/E2/F1overhead access interface

• Remote management support: up to 8 P12 channels (1.920kb/s) are terminated from1 VC4 connected to the HO-CC

Product description

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4-9

Option cards.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This chapter describes the option cards which can be used together withMetropolis®

AMU in order to provide interfaces for various data rates or special applications.

PI-E1/63

The PI-E1/63 option card provides 63 times 2 Mbit/s (E1) terminated on 32 RJ-45connectors for the use of twisted pair cables (120Ω version) and coaxial cable (75Ωversion). It is available as 75Ω and 120Ω version.

The following figure shows the front panel of the PI-E1/63 option card.

Figure 4-6 PI-E1/63 option card

Product description

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365-312-847R3.0Issue 3, June 2006

EPL4_E14 option card

On the faceplate the EPL4_E14 card provides:

• Two cages for Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) optical transceivers whichsupport 1000Base-X

• Two RJ45 connectors for triple rate Ethernet (10/100/1000Base-T)

• Two RJ45 connectors for dual rate Ethernet (10/100Base-T)

• Two RJ45 connectors for four E1 interfaces with 75 / 120Ω (Selection can bemade on port level via the user interface; default is 120Ω.)

The board supports 2 Gigabit interfaces which could be either optical (SFP) orelectrical (RJ45 triple rate). Selection between optical (SFP) or Electrical (RJ45 triplerate) can be made for each Gigabit channel separately (one channel could be triple rate10/100/1000Base-T and the other could be 1000Base-X). Each connector and each SFPhas its own green LED (data link up: LED ON or down: LED OFF) and yellow LED(transmission: LED ON or no transmission: LED OFF). Only the LED’s of the selectedinterface are active. Selection between optical (SFP) or electrical (RJ45) GBE interfaceis provisionable, default is RJ45. Upon plug/unplug of SFPs the respective optical portis activated/deactivated. All four Ethernet outputs can be disabled per port.

The EPL_4_E14 option card is able to compensate a maximum delay difference of 128ms between the fastest and the slowest VC in receive direction.

The EPL4_E14 option card supports a flexible allocation of SDH bandwidth to LANports by making use of the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS, see“LCAS”(p. 2-17)). All LAN ports have the same capabilities. Each WAN port supportsVC-12-Xv (X = 1...63), VC-3-Xv (X = 1...9), VC-4-Xv (X=1..7).

GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signalsover a transport network. GFP encapsulation is implemented according toT1X1.5/2000-147.

The following GFP encapsulation are possible with EPL4_E14:

• Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC12–Xv (X = 1...63)


• Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Higher Order SDH VC4–Xv (X=1..7)

LAPS encapsulation is implemented according to ITU-T X.86.

The EPL4_E14 option card supports advanced rate control in the ingress and egressdirection which allows to set a strict traffic limit (PIR), in combination with a hold-offmechanism: Excess traffic is held off until the ingress or egress buffer overflows. Incase the ingress buffer fills above a certain threshold, pause messages are sent in thereverse direction to hold off further traffic. This behaviour improves the TCPthroughput.

The EPL4_E14 option card supports the Link Pass Through (LPT) mode. Onpoint-to-point Ethernet Private Line connections, when GFP data encapsulation is usedthroughout the network, the system identifies defects from the network ingress port tothe network egress port. The GFP-CSF mechanism is used to notify the egress side that

Product description Option cards

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4-11

a loss of signal (synchronization) has occurred on the ingress port. Consequently, theegress side can either turn off the laser at the egress (in case of an optical level) orsubstitute an error pattern (for example, a /V/ ordered set for a 1000BASE-X). Inaddition, an alarm is raised at the egress side which indicates the ingress sidecondition. For more information about Link Pass Through, please refer to (LPT, see“LPT” (p. 2-18)). For additional information, please refer the TransLAN® EthernetSDH Transport Solution Applications and Planning Guide.

The EPL4_E14 option card supports Auto MDI/MDO cross-over connection on ports 8and 9.

The following rates are supported with EPL4_E14:

• Mapping Ethernet packets into VC12-Xv (X = 1...63)


• Mapping Ethernet packets into VC4-Xv (X=1..7)

The EPL4_E14 unit supports flexible assignment of VC capacity to create various sizeVCGs. The total capacity of the unit is equivalent to eight VC-4s with which up tofour VCGs can be created. The capacity of two (fixed) VC-4 equivalents can be usedas either a single VC-4 or as 63 VC-12s. The capacity of three (fixed) VC-4equivalents can be used as either a single VC-4 or as 3 VC-3s. The capacity of theremaining three (fixed) VC-4 equivalents can only be used as single VC-4s. The thuscreated set of VC-4 (3 8), VC-3 (0 9) and VC-12 (0 122) containers can beassigned to at most four VCGs. For each VCG a selection can be made betweenVC-12-Xv (X=1 63), VC-3-Xv (X=1 9), and VC-4-Xv (X=1 7), respecting thetotal number of containers that is available of each type. Four separate VC-12 arealways reserved for E1 transport. In case E1 interfaces are used, one VC-4 needs to beprovisioned to carry 63 VC-12s.


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The VC/VCG mapping is shown in the following figure:

VC-3 VC-3 VC-3 VC-3 VC-3VC-3 VC-3 VC-3VC-3

VC-4 VC-4 VC-4

LO cross-connect

Higher Order/Lower Order selection(VC-4 structured or unstructured)

HO cross-connect

VC-4(structured orunstructured)





63xVC-12timeslots125-63

59xVC-12time slots62-4

4xE1

STM-4 interface 2 STM-4 interface 1

Working Protection Working Protection

AU-4-8 AU-4-7 AU-4-6 AU-4-5 AU-4-4 AU-4-3 AU-4-2 AU-4-1

3 VC-4alwaysunstructured

Bandwidth to VCG/port selection(fixed VCG to port mapping)

Port 9/10(E/FE/GBE)

Port 7/8(E/FE/GBE)

Port 6(E/FE)

Port 5(E/FE)

VCG-4 VCG-3 VCG-2 VCG-1

Port 3(E1)

Port 2(E1)

Port 1(E1)

Port 4(E1)

KLM

111

-373

KLM

122

-373

KLM

121

KLM

113

KLM

112

KLM

111


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4-13

The following figure shows the front panel of the EPL4_E14 option card.

EPL4_E132_75 option card

On the faceplate the EPL4_E132_75 board provides:

• Four RJ45 connectors for dual rate Ethernet (10/100Base-T)

• Sixteen RJ45 connectors to cover 32 E1 interfaces with 75Ω only (2x E1 perRJ45)

All four Ethernet RJ45 connectors have their own green and yellow LED whichindicates a LAN connection and traffic flow respectively and all Ethernet outputs canbe disabled per port.

Figure 4-7 EPL4_E14 option card

GE

Rx

Rx

Tx

Tx

Lucent

8

FAIL

E1

14

EPL4_E14

E/F

E5

69

E/F

E/G

EG

E

107


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The EPL4_E132_75 option card supports a flexible allocation of SDH bandwidth toLAN ports by making use of the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS, see“LCAS” (p. 2-17)). All LAN ports have the same capabilities. Each WAN portsupports VC-12-Xv (X = 1...63), VC-3-Xv (X = 1...9), VC-4-Xv (X=1..7).

The EPL_4_E132_75 option card is able to compensate a maximum delay difference of128 ms between the fastest and the slowest VC in receive direction.


The following GFP encapsulation are possible with EPL4_E132_75:



• Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Higher Order SDH VC4–Xv (X=1..7)


The EPL4_E132_75 option card supports advanced rate control in the ingress andegress direction which allows to set a strict traffic limit (PIR), in combination with ahold-off mechanism: Excess traffic is held off until the ingress or egress bufferoverflows. In case the ingress buffer fills above a certain threshold, pause messages aresent in the reverse direction to hold off further traffic. This behaviour improves theTCP throughput.

The ESW4_E14 option card supports Auto-Negotiation. The Auto-Negotiation functionautomatically configures the Ethernet interface parameters to establish an optimalEthernet link based on the capabilities of the near-end and far-end Ethernet interfaces.

Auto-Negotiation for twisted-pair systems, defined in Clause 28 of the Standard802.3-2002, has been extended to include all three speeds of Ethernet that aresupported over twisted-pair cable: 10Mbit/s 10Base-T, 100Mbit/s 100Base- TX, and1000 Mbit/s 1000Base-T. For more information about Auto-negotiation support, pleaserefer to the Metropolis® AMU User Operations Guide.

The EPL4_E132_75 option card supports the Link Pass Through (LPT) mode. Onpoint-to-point Ethernet Private Line connections, when GFP data encapsulation is usedthroughout the network, the system identifies defects from the network ingress port tothe network egress port. The GFP-CSF mechanism is used to notify the egress side thata loss of signal (synchronization) has occurred on the ingress port. An alarm is raisedat the egress side which indicates the ingress side condition. For more information,please refer to (see LPT,“LPT” (p. 2-18)). For additional information, please also referto the TransLAN® Ethernet SDH Transport Solution Applications and Planning Guide.

The EPL4_E132_75 option card supports Auto MDI/MDO cross-over connection onports 8 and 9.


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4-15

The following rates are supported with EPL4_E132_75:



• Mapping Ethernet packets into VC4-Xv (X=1..7)

The EPL4_E132_75 unit supports flexible assignment of VC capacity to create varioussize VCGs. The total capacity of the unit is equivalent to eight VC4s with which up tofour VCGs can be created. The capacity of two (fixed) VC-4 equivalents can be usedas either a single VC-4 or as 63 VC-12s. The capacity of three (fixed) VC-4equivalents can be used as either a single VC-4 or as 3 VC-3s. The capacity of theremaining three (fixed) VC-4 equivalents can be only used as single VC4s. The thuscreated set of VC-4 (3~8), VC-3 (0~9) and VC-12 (0~122) containers can be assignedto at most 4 VCGs. For each VCG a selection can be made between VC-12-Xv(X=1 63), VC-3-Xv (X=1 9), and VC-4-Xv (X=1 7), respecting the totalnumber of containers that is available of each type. The VC-12s necessary to route theE1 traffic are put in a separate, 9-th, VC-4, not affecting the bandwidth available forthe VCGs.

The VC/VCG mapping is shown in the following figure:

VC-3 VC-3 VC-3 VC-3 VC-3VC-3 VC-3 VC-3VC-3

VC-4 VC-4 VC-4

LO cross-connect

Higher Order/Lower Order selection(VC-4 structured or unstructured)

HO cross-connect






63xVC-12timeslots125-63

59xVC-12time slots62-4

4xE1



AU-4-8 AU-4-7 AU-4-6 AU-4-5 AU-4-4 AU-4-3 AU-4-2 AU-4-1

3 VC-4alwaysunstructured

Bandwidth to VCG/port selection(fixed VCG to port mapping)

Port 36(E/FE/GBE)

Port 35(E/FE/GBE)

Port 34(E/FE)

Port 33(E/FE)

VCG-4 VCG-3 VCG-2 VCG-1

KLM

111

-373

KLM 24

2

LO cross-connect



VC-4(structured)

time slots62-32not used

32x E1

Port 32(E1)

Port 1(E1)

32x

Not used

KLM

111

KLM 12

2-373


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365-312-847R3.0Issue 3, June 2006

The following figure shows the front panel of the EPL4_E132_75 option card.

ESW4_E14 option card

On the faceplate, the ESW4_E14 card provides:




• Two RJ45 connectors for four E1 interfaces with 75/120Ω (Selection can be madeon port level via the user interface; default is 120Ω).

Figure 4-8 EPL4_E132_75 option card

FAIL

3334

Lucent

1 4EPL4_E132_75

28

32

3536

E/F

EE

/FE


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The board supports 2 Gigabit interfaces which could be either optical (SFP) orelectrical (RJ45 triple rate). Selection between optical (SFP) or electrical (RJ45 triplerate) can be made for each Gigabit channel separately (one channel could be triple rate10/100/1000Base-T and the other could be 1000Base-X). Each connector and each SFPhas its own green and yellow LED (data link up: LED ON or data link down: LEDOFF). Only the LEDs of the selected interface are active. Selection between optical(SFP) or electrical (RJ45) GBE interface is provisionable, default is RJ45. Whileplugging or unplugging an SFP, the respective optical port is activated or deactivated.All four Ethernet outputs can be disabled per port.

The ESW4_E14 option card supports eight WAN ports. Each mapping and switchingfunction provides 4 WAN ports. This indicates that the backplane capacity determinesthe WAN port capacity that can be selected for every WAN port group. The totaltransmission backplane capacity is 1.5 Gbit/s (10 x VC4). This capacity is available forthe first 4 WAN ports. However, in combination with a MI-16 main card, thebackplane capacity can be increased to 2.5 Gbit/s (16 x VC4). This capacity isavailable for the last 4 WAN ports.

The ESW4_E14 option card supports Enhanced Flow Classification - 802.1Q mode and802.1 ad mode. It supports the Flow Control and Pause Frames feature on LAN portsand provides Wire speed performance for forwarding, flooding, address look-up, andflow look-up requirements. The flow classifcation is based on port and priority, portand port, and port and VLAN-ID. The flow classification can be checked on a flexibleset of combinations such as IP_TOS, VLAN-ID, VLAN-UPT, and DA-MAC. The flowbucket can be set to handle 8k to 16k. However, an increased flow bucket size willdecrease performance. The ESW4_E14 option card is IEEE802.1Q/1ad compliant andsupports VLAN and/or ETHER_TYPE switching and adding or removing VLAN tags.

The following table lists the port connections of the switching function in theESW4_E14 option card.

Ports Signals To/From

Port-0 XMII E/FE LAN connection withMPC8270 micro processor

Port-1 RGMII E/FE/GE connection with FaceplateLAN port 9/10 (10 = GE optical)

Port-2 RGMII E/FE/GE connection with FaceplateLAN port 7/8 (7 = GE optical)

Port-3 RGMII E/FE/GE connection with FaceplateLAN port 6

Port-4 RGMII E/FE/GE connection with FaceplateLAN port 5

Port-5 20 bit parallelinterface

E/FE/GE connection with (WAN-1)ETHOS-1 port-A (E/FE/GE)


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E/FE/GE connection with (WAN-2)ETHOS-1 port-B (E/FE/GE)


E/FE/GE connection with (WAN-3)ETHOS-1 port-C (E/FE)


E/FE/GE connection with (WAN-4)ETHOS-1 port-D (E/FE)


E/FE/GE connection with (WAN-5)ETHOS-2 port-A (E/FE/GE)


E/FE/GE connection with (WAN-6)ETHOS-2 port-B (E/FE/GE)


E/FE/GE connection with (WAN-7)ETHOS-2 port-C (E/FE)


E/FE/GE connection with (WAN-8)ETHOS-2 port-D (E/FE)

The following table lists the port connections of the Mapping function-1 in theESW4_E14 option card.

Mapping Functions-1Ports

Signals To/From

A STM-4 To/From Main-1 (Equipment ProtectionSwitch)

B STM-4 To/From Main-1 (Equipment ProtectionSwitch)

C STM-4 (monitor) To/From Main-2 (Equipment ProtectionSwitch)

D STM-4 (monitor) To/From Main-2 (Equipment ProtectionSwitch)

Ethernet port A 20 bit parallelinterface

WAN-1 port towards Ethernet switch

Ethernet port B 20 bit parallelinterface


Ethernet port C 20 bit parallelinterface


Ethernet port D 20 bit parallelinterface


E1 port 1 Clock and data Line Interface Unit (LIU) - FaceplateE1 port 1



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The following table lists the port connections of the Mapping function-2 in theESW4_E14 option card.

Mapping Function -2Ports

Signals To/From

A STM-1 (STM-4) To/From Main-1 (Equipment ProtectionSwitch)

B STM-1 (STM-4) To/From Main-1 (Equipment ProtectionSwitch)

C STM-1 (monitor) To/From Main-2 (Equipment ProtectionSwitch)

D STM-1 (monitor) To/From Main-2 (Equipment ProtectionSwitch)

Ethernet port A 20 bit parallelinterface

WAN-5 port toward Ethernet switch

Ethernet port B 20 bit parallelinterface


Ethernet port C 20 bit parallelinterface


Ethernet port D 20 bit parallelinterface


The ESW4_E14 option card can compensate a maximum delay difference of 64 msbetween the fastest and the slowest VC in receive direction.

The ESW4_E14 option card supports Auto-negotiation. The Auto-Negotiation functionautomatically configures the Ethernet interface parameters to establish an optimalEthernet link based on the capabilities of the near-end and far-end Ethernet interfaces.

Auto-Negotiation for twisted-pair systems, defined in Clause 28 of the Standard802.3-2002, has been extended to include all three speeds of Ethernet that aresupported over twisted-pair cable: 10Mbit/s 10Base-T, 100Mbit/s 100Base- TX, and1000 Mbit/s 1000Base-T. For more information about Auto-negotiation, please refer tothe Metropolis® AMU User Operations Guide.

The ESW4_E14 option card supports a flexible allocation of SDH bandwidth to LANports by making use of the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS, see“LCAS”(p. 2-17)). All LAN ports have the same capabilities. Each WAN port supportsVC-12-Xv (X = 1...63), VC-3-Xv (X = 1...9), VC-4-Xv (X = 1...7).


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For units containing Ethernet switches, it is possible to emulate the behaviour of aprivate line port by creating a two-port virtual switch, with one LAN and one WANport and provision it in Repeater Mode. This feature can only be implemented with theEthertype 8100. In this mode, all traffic from the LAN or WAN side is transparentlypassed through, except the pause messages. The Pause protocol operates on the LANinterface and therefore, transmission without loss can be obtained if the peer node onthe LAN link obeys the commands contained in pause messages.


The following GFP encapsulation are possible with ESW4_E14:

• Mapping Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC12-Xv (X = 1...63)

• Mapping Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC3-Xv (X = 1...21)

• Mapping Ethernet MAC frames into Higher Order SDH VC4-Xv (X = 1...7)


The ESW4_E14 option card supports advanced rate control in the ingress and egressdirection which enables users to set a strict traffic limit (PIR), in combination with ahold-off mechanism: Excess traffic is held off until the ingress or egress bufferoverflows. In case the ingress buffer fills above a certain threshold, pause messages aresent in the reverse direction to hold off further traffic. This behaviour improves theTCP throughput.

The ESW4_E14 option card supports the following QOS features:

• Two rate three color marker (RFC 2697, RFC 2698, and MEF 10) per flow(switchable color aware/color unaware)Based on provisioned threshold rates (CIR and PIR):

– Red - The frame is dropped

– Yellow - The Dropping Precedence of the frame is set to high

– Green - The Dropping Precedence of the frame is set to low

• over subscription (2 levels of Dropping Precedence) and strict policing modesBased on queue filling and the Dropping Precedence, frames can be dropped toavoid congestion

– A queue will allow fewer “yellow” frames than “green” frames

• 4 traffic classes, 4 egress queues per portEach QOS profile contains a Traffic Class (TC) entry.

– The traffic class determines the relative priority of a frame based on the trafficclass to queue assignment function and the scheulder settings

– The traffic class determines the outgoing p-bits for the egress direction

• Egress queue scheduling with strict Priority and/or Weighted Bandwidth options.


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The following rates are supported with ESW4_E14:




The total capacity of the unit is equivalent to 10 VC4s (1.5 Gbit/s) with which uptoeight VCGs can be created and each VCG can be assigned to a WAN port. For WANports 1 through 4, a capacity of eight VC4s (1 through 8) is available. The 1st and 2ndVC4s can optionally be substructured as VC12s. Similarly, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th VC4scan optionally be substructured as VC3s. The 6th, 7th, and 8th VC4s can only be usedas VC4s. As a result, VC12-Xv (X=1...63), VC3-Xv (X=1...9), and VC4-Xv (X=1...7)groups can be created from at most 122 VC12s, 9 VC3s or 8 VC4s.

For WAN ports 5 through 8, a capacity of two VC4s (9 through 10) is available. Thesetwo VC4s can optionally be substructured in VC12s or VC3s. As a result, VC12-Xv(X=1...63), VC3-Xv (X=1...2) and/or VC4-Xv (X=1...2) groups can be created from atmost 126 VC12s or 2 VC4s.

When required to use E1 interfaces, four VC12s must be reserved for E1 transport. Inthis case, the first VC4 needs to be provisioned to carry 63 VC12s.


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The following VC/VCG mapping diagram displays bandwidth selection options for theWAN ports 1, 2, 3, and 4.


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The following VC/VCG mapping diagram displays the bandwidth selection options forthe WAN ports 5, 6, 7, and 8.


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The following figure shows the front panel of the ESW4_E14 option card.

Sl-14/8 option card

On the faceplate, the Sl-14/8 card provides:

• Eight cages for Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) optical transceivers

• SFP-1 and SFP-5 support for STM-1 or STM-4 interfaces

• SFP-2 to SFP-4 and SFP-6 to SFP-8 support for STM-1 interfaces.

The board supports 1.2 Gigabit interfaces and provides a total transmission capacity ofeight VC-4s. This capacity is divided into two VC-4 groups namely, the SFP-1 toSFP-4 group and the SFP-5 to SFP-8 group. Each group provides a four VC-4transmission capacity. For example, if the SFP-1 is equipped with an STM-4 interface,

Figure 4-9 ESW4_E14 option card


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the SFP-2 to SFP-4 have no more capacity and cannot be used. Similarly, if the SFP-5is equipped with an STM-4 interface, the SFP-6 to SFP-8 is being utilized andtherefore cannot be used for any additional capacity.

Each SFP transceiver has an LED which indicates three states. When the LED is on, itindicates hardware failures and confugration alarm. When the LED is blinking, itindicates transmission failure. When there are no failures, the LED is off. A fault onthe SFP is indicated by an LED on the SFP itself and not on the host unit’s LED.

The STM-4 and STM-1 in-loop and out-loop loopbacks are achieved by thecross-connect functionality.

The following figure shows the front panel of the Sl-14/8 option card.

Figure 4-10 Sl-14/8 option card


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Adapter card for legacy option cards (for 2m/4o version only)

To use legacy option cards in the 2m/4o hardware version an adapter is required to fitthe card into the subrack. The figure below shows an empty adapter card.

Figure 4-11 Metropolis ® AMU Adapter card


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X2E3-V2 option card

The X2E3-V2 option card provides two bidirectional 34 Mbit/s (E3) interfaces.

The following figure shows the block diagram of the X3E3-V2 option board.

X2DS3-V2 option card

The X2DS3-V2 option card provides two additional 45 Mbit/s (DS3) interfaces.

The following figure shows the block diagram of the X2DS3-V2 option card.

InventoryEEPROM

P1

PowerModule

Adapter card

TSIto

TelecomBus

Interface

ControlCkts

E3InterfaceCircuit

E3 Connector(Coax)

E3 Port

< 1 >

E3InterfaceCircuit

E3 Connector(Coax)

< 2 >

Adapter cardP1

InventoryEEPROM

PowerModule

TSIto

TelecomBus

Interface

ControlCkts

DS3InterfaceCircuit

DS3 Connector(Coax)

DS3 Port

< 1 >

DS3InterfaceCircuit

DS3 Connector(Coax)

< 2 >


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X16DS1 option card

The X16DS1-V3 option card provides 16 additional 1.5 Mbit/s (DS1) interfaces.

The following figure shows the block diagram of the X16DS1 option card.

X8PL option card (legacy)

The X8PL option card provides eight Ethernet interfaces in Private Line mode for theMetropolis® AMU. The Private Line mode enables traffic to be mapped from eachEthernet port one-to-one into an SDH container. Thus a private connection from anEthernet port through an SDH network to another Ethernet port at the remote end ofthe link is possible.

The X8PL option card supports a flexible allocation of SDH bandwidth to LAN portsby making use of the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS, see“LCAS” (p. 2-17)). All LAN ports have the same capabilities. Each WAN port supports VC-12-Xv (X =1...63) or VC-3-Xv (X = 1...3).

The VC-12s that form one VCG can be chosen from any TUG-3, in any timeslot order.However, it is recommended to select the VC-12s in sequential order, preferably in oneTUG-3. In this way the end-to-end network design can be kept simple and easy tomaintain.

To use the X8PL card in theMetropolis® AMU an adapter card is required, seeFigure4-11, “Metropolis® AMU Adapter card” (p. 4-27)

X4IP-V2 option card

On theMetropolis® AMU an Ethernet LAN option board (X4IP-V2) is availableproviding four 10/100BASE-T Ethernet interfaces. This option board is based onTransLAN®. When equipped with aTransLAN® option board, Lucent TechnologiesSDH multiplexers can offer 10/100BASE-T Ethernet interfaces besides the standard

Adapter card

InventoryEEPROM

P1Connector

PowerModule

DS1InterfaceCircuit

DS1 Connector

DS1 Port

< TP 2.1 >

DS1InterfaceCircuit

DS1 Connector< TP 2.16 >

16 x


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TDM services like DS1, E1, E3/DS3, E4, STM-1 and STM-4. Below a description isgiven of the X4IP-V2 option board functionality supported by theMetropolis® AMU.Please refer also to theTransLAN® Ethernet SDH Transport Solution Applications andPlanning Guide for further details.

The characteristics of the X4IP-V2 are:

LAN interfaces 4 x 10/100 BASE-T

Max. number of WAN ports 4

Supported rates VC-12, VC-3

Max. VCG group size VC-12-5v, VC-3-2v

Max. number of tributaries VC-12: 20, VC-3: 2

LCAS support -

Encapsulation method GFP-F or EoS

Max. transport capacity 1 x 155 Mbit/s

Service rates Max. 1 port at 100 Mbit/s + 3 ports at 2... 10 Mbit/s, or 2 ports at 50 Mbit/s + 2ports at 2 ... 10 Mbit/s, or 4 ports at 2 ...10 Mbit/s.

Ethernet WAN port capacity configuration rules

The encapsulated Ethernet frames are mapped in VC-12 (2 Mbit/s), VC-12-2v (4Mbit/s), VC-12-3v (6 Mbit/s), VC-12-4v (8 Mbit/s), VC-12-5v (10 Mbit/s), VC-3 (50Mbit/s) or VC-3-2v (100 Mbit/s). A user can provision the actual bandwidth per WANport. Since the cross-connect capacity of aMetropolis® AMU is limited, the totalcombined bandwidth of all WAN ports together must follow the WAN capacityconfiguration rules defined in the table below.

WANport

WAN 2.1 WAN 2.2 WAN 2.3 WAN 2.4

Option1

100 Mbit/s(VC-3-2v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

Option2

50 Mbit/s (VC-3) 50 Mbit/s (VC-3) 10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

Option3

50 Mbit/s (VC-3) 10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

Option4

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

50 Mbit/s (VC-3) 10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

Option5

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)

10 Mbit/s(VC-12-5v)


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The throughput mentioned in the table above are the maximum settings, it is alsopossible to have less throughput for a certain WAN port (for example 6 Mbit/s(VC-12-3v)).

Notice that only the WAN port bandwidth dictates the effective end-to-end Ethernetcommunication throughput, not the LAN ports. TheMetropolis® AMU equipped withthe TransLAN® option board keep track of the available capacity according to the rulesdefined in the WAN port configuration table above. If an attempt to configure a newWAN port capacity violates the rules, not only the system will not grant the newconfiguration but also an alarm (message) will be triggered and displayed.

Ethernet WAN port mapping

The WAN port mapping of the X4IP-V2 is shown in the following table. In case theunits in service do not use the same termination points adaptation via the LO crossconnect is required.

Capacity WAN port WAN port 2 WAN port 3 WAN port 4

100 Mbit/s TPx.1100 - - -

TPx.1200 - - -

50 Mbit/s TPx.1100 TPx.1200 - -

10 Mbit/s TPx.1311 TPx.1323 TPx.1342 TPx.1361

TPx.1312 TPx.1331 TPx.1343 TPx.1362

TPx.1313 TPx.1332 TPx.1351 TPx.1363

TPx.1321 TPx.1333 TPx.1352 TPx.1371

TPx.1322 TPx.1341 TPx.1353 TPx.1372


TPx.1312 TPx.1331 TPx.1343 TPx.1362

TPx.1313 TPx.1332 TPx.1351 TPx.1363

TPx.1321 TPx.1333 TPx.1352 TPx.1371


TPx.1312 TPx.1331 TPx.1343 TPx.1362

TPx.1313 TPx.1332 TPx.1351 TPx.1363


TPx.1312 TPx.1331 TPx.1343 TPx.1362


QoS

For the X4IP-V2 option card, the IEEE 802.1p is valid. The ESW4_E14 option cardsupports Enhanced Flow Classification.


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5 5Operations, Administration,Maintenance and Provisioning

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter describes the OAM&P of theMetropolis® AMU.

It includes the following:

• Operations Interfaces

• Maintenance supervision

• Software maintenance

• Maintenance testing

• Performance monitoring (G.826)

• Self-diagnostics

• System alarm indicators

• Four Miscellaneous Discrete Input (MDI) contacts

• Four Miscellaneous Discrete Output (MDO) contacts.

Contents

Operations Overview 5-2

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Operations Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Operations interfaces and administration

Local connection is available via an RJ45 socket on the main board to connect a PCloaded with the ITM-CIT software.

Management access features include:

• Remote access to otherMetropolis® AMU in the same network by ITM-CIT

• NE level security via three password controlled authorization levels: ADMIN,CONFIGURE and VIEW.

Maintenance supervision

Transmission and equipment fault supervision is monitored remotely via the ElementManagement System (EMS) and locally via LEDs on the unit and via the ITM-CIT.The local ITM-CIT may also be used to remotely access otherMetropolis® AMUnodes in the same network.

Alarm and port termination monitoring features include:

• Physical port provisioning of STM-1 or STM-4, E1, E3, DS1, DS3 and Ethernetports in three different modes: automatic (AUTO), monitored (MON), ornon-monitored (NMON)

• VCx (x=12,3,4) and P12 (egress) path termination point provisioning in either theMON or NMON mode

• Alarm severity levels of PROMPT, DEFERRED and INFORMATIONprovisionable for each alarm type

• The user can assign an alarm message and severity to each MDI (miscellaneousdiscrete input).

Failure reporting features:

• Failure reports are generated for equipment, configuration and software faults withsufficient information to identify the next step in the fault correction process

• Alarm forwarding to the remote Element Management System (EMS) is supportedvia (LAN-10BaseT) and to the local workstation via the F-interface (ITM-CIT)

• The NE can store the 500 most recent alarm events and can be accessed by eitherthe local or remote monitoring stations

• Transmission failures are reported as defined in G.783 and ETS 300417

• Centralized supervision alarm system. The ITM-CIT informs of each new alarmchange for each accessible NE.

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Software maintenance

Software maintenance includes the following:

• Local and remote software download via the Element Management System (EMS)or ITM-CIT, non-service affecting for SDH traffic, minor interruption may occurfor LAN traffic.

• Configuration Database (MIB) upload/download with the Element ManagementSystem (EMS).In-service database reprovisioning available via the local workstation runningITM-CIT software.

The Fast Download Tool (FDT) permits to load target software regardless of thecurrent sofware release version.

Maintenance testing

For circuit testing during maintenance operations, the system provides:

• Loopbacks on incoming or outgoing E1, DS1, E3, DS3 optical signalsNote: For E1 and DS1 cards, only one loopback is allowed at a time.

• Cross-Connect loopbacks at all levels by means of uni-directional cross connects

SDH performance monitoring

Provisioning and retrieval of performance monitoring parameters are derived from theoverhead bytes (SOH, POH of each VC) and are in accordance with ITU-TRecommendations G.826. This is accomplished via the Element Management System(EMS) and ITM-CIT. Performance threshold counts are user settable. Each managedNE has a current data register for 15 minutes or 24 hours.

The following parameters are monitored on Near-End TU-12, TU-3 and AU-4 CTPsand VC-N, and MS-N TTPs:

• Severely Errored Seconds (SES)

• Errored Seconds (ES)

• Background Block Errors (BBE)

• Unavailable Seconds (UAS).

Ethernet performance monitoring

It is possible to monitor byte and packet related performance parameters on anyexternal Ethernet port and any internal port linked with VC12/3/4-Xv channels. It ispossible to select any individual LAN or WAN port terminated in the network elementto be subject to performance monitoring. The data is available in 15 minutes or 24hours registers.

The following counters are supported for each port:

• Outgoing number of bytes

• Incoming number of bytes

• Incoming number of dropped packets

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ISDN mode

The Metropolis® AMU supports double TS0 termination mode for 2048 kbit/s ± 50ppm G.703-9 signals with G.704 format operating in ISDN mode. TS0 will beterminated and a new TS0 inserted in the PDH to SDH direction. Similarly TS0 willbe terminated and a new TS0 inserted in the SDH to PDH direction of the physicalinterface. Inserting a″new″ TS0 means rewriting the framing and CRC-4 bits. Theexact behaviour of the E, A and Sa bits is dependent on the type of ISDN provisioning.

AIS detection on 2 Mbit/s ports

Each E1 traffic interface operating in double terminated mode supports the monitoringand alarming of incoming AIS (″all-ones″ pattern) or RDI (A-bit) conditions in bothdirections of transmission. Each E1 traffic interface operating in transparent mode (i.e.the TS0 is passed through transparently and is only non-intrusively monitored),supports the detection and alarming of incoming AIS (″all-ones″ pattern) in the ingressdirection. This alarm is mapped on the physical port.

Self-Diagnostics and recovery

The Metropolis® AMU support the following diagnostic and recovery features:

• The equipment continuously runs self-diagnostic tests to monitor the health of thetransmission system

• Anomalies are reported via system indicators (FAIL LED) or Alarms on theElement Management System (EMS) and/or ITM-CIT

• The equipment auto-recovers after a power failure

System indicator information

The Metropolis® AMU support LEDs on the main card which provide the followingmaintenance information:

• A green ACTIVE LED to indicate which MAIN card provides the cross connectand timing functionality.

• A red FAIL LED to indicate unit fault or signal failure (blinking state).

• A red LED above each SFP cage to indicate SFP fault or signal failure (blinkingstate)

EachMetropolis® AMU option card is provided with a LED that has three states:

• Off: no failures

• On: hardware failures and configuration alarm

• Blinking: transmission failure

Depending on the option card port LEDs may also be provided.

Original Metropolis® AMU option cards do not require the adapter card (ASC103).


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Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs/Outputs

The Metropolis® AMU provide four miscellaneous discrete inputs (MDIs) which canbe used to read external devices assigned by the customer. Examples are monitoringtemperature, humidity, open doors, etc.

The equipment provides four miscellaneous discrete outputs (MDOs) which can beused to drive external devices assigned by the customer. Examples are signalingdevices, temperature conditioning, etc.

When not assigned by the customer, theMetropolis® AMU behave such that MDO1has been assigned to indicate power failure (this contact is normally closed when nopower is present). MDO 2, MDO 3, MDO 4 are respectively assigned to Prompt,Deferred, Information alarms.

Data Communication Channel

LAPD Mode

The user can select the LAPD protocol (ITU-T Q.921) for OSI layer 2 to be based onAITS (Acknowledged Information Transfer Service) or UITS (UnacknowledgedInformation Transfer Service). In the AITS mode, the receive side sends anacknowledgement back to the transmit side, if a data packet has been received. If thisacknowledgement does not arrive, the transmitter sends the packet again. In the UITSmode, no acknowledgements are sent.

LAPD Side

The Metropolis® AMU receives and accepts frames from the peer, independent of theselected user-side/network-side role of the peer. However, the user-side/network-sideinformation in the frames that are sent, reflect the user-side role by default.


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6 6System Planning andEngineering

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter provides a high level overview of planning considerations for theMetropolis® AMU Add-Drop-Multiplexer.

Contents

General Planning Information 6-2

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General Planning Information.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Planning considerations Metropolis ® AMU

When planning your system with theMetropolis® AMU, the following items should beconsidered:

• Synchronous Capacity – one through four STM-N optical aggregate interface pairsthat can be equipped with five different STM-1 (S1.1; L1.1; L1.2; STM-1e; SH1310 and LH 1490 single fiber bidirectional), four different STM-4 (S4.1; L4.1;L4.2; SH 1310 and LH 1490 single fiber bidirectional) SFPs, and single fiberworking SFPs. For detailed technical data and optical parameters of the interfacesplease refer toChapter 10, “Technical Specifications”.

• Additional Capacity:

– Optional sixty-three additional 2 Mbit/s signals

– Optional two E/FE and two E/FE/GE [GE Base-T or Base-X (ZX, LX, SXthrough SFP)] and four E1 (provisionable 120Ω or 75 Ω)

– Optional four E/FE and thirty-two E1 (75Ω)

– Optional two E/FE, two E/FE/GE, and four E1 interfaces

– Switchable two STM-4, four STM-1, and one STM-4 or only eight STM-1

– Optional sixteen additional 1.5 Mbit/s signals (only in 2m/4o version withadapter card)

– Optional two 34 Mbit/s signals (only in 2m/4o version with adapter card)

– Optional two 45 Mbit/s signals (only in 2m/4o version with adapter card)

– Optional four 10/100BASE-Ts (only in 2m/4o version with adapter card)

– Optional eight E/FE interfaces in Private Line mode (only in 2m/4o versionwith adapter card)

– Additionally, four cages for two STM-1 and two STM-1/STM-1e or STM-4SFP plugin at the second main board

• Synchronization: STM-N aggregate line interface timing or via a 2 Mbit/s datainput or via the 2 MHz, 2 Mbit/s timing input

• Protection: VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 SNC/N

• Protection: 1+1 MSP

• Equipment protection: A system equipped with two main cards can either operate inequipment protection mode, or alternatively, the main card in slot MAIN2 operatesas a tributary card. The latter is easier to manage, but does not provide automaticswitch over in case of equipment failures in the transmission and timingfunctionality of the main cards.

• Operations Systems: remote management with the Element Management System(EMS) and local management with ITM-CIT

System Planning and Engineering

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• Two possibilities for Power supply :

– DC (unit contains DC connector)

– AC via an external AC/DC connector.

• The Metropolis® AMU provides four miscellaneous discrete inputs (MDIs) whichcan be used to read external devices assigned by the customer. Examples aremonitoring temperature, humidity, open doors, etc.The equipment provides four miscellaneous discrete outputs (MDOs) which can beused to drive external devices assigned by the customer. Examples are signalingdevices, temperature conditioning, etc.When not assigned by the customer, theMetropolis® AMU behave such thatMDO1 has been assigned to indicate power failure (this contact is normally closedwhen no power is present). MDO 2, MDO 3, MDO 4 are respectively assigned toPrompt, Deferred, Information alarms.

System Planning and Engineering General Planning Information

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7 7Ordering

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter provides an overview of the ordering process and the current orderinginformation forMetropolis® AMU

The different comcodes listed hereafter can change. Contact your Lucent Technologiesrepresentative for updated information.

Contents

Ordering information 7-2

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Ordering information.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Metropolis® AMU has been carefully engineered and all equipment kitted to simplifythe ordering process. In this section the current ordering information are shown, asavailable on the issue date of this document.

Contact and further information

For all questions concerning ordering ofMetropolis® AMU, for any information aboutthe marketable items and their comcodes, and for ordering the equipment pleasecontact your Account Executive forMetropolis® AMU or your Lucent Technologieslocal customer team.

Orderable Metropolis ® AMU products

The tables below list the comcodes of theMetropolis® AMU Products. Software needsto be ordered together with the network element. To get the ordering information foravailable software versions please contact your local customer team.

The following table is intended to give an overview of the orderableMetropolis® AMUproducts.For installation guidelines, please refer theMetropolis® AMU InstallationGuide.

Metropolis ® AMU Products Apparatuscode

Comcode Comments

Metropolis® AMU main card ASC101B 109555516Metropolis® AMU maincard with 2x multirateSTM-1/4 and 2x STM-1DC power supply, Onepower connector with eachmain card (CC:408887883)with strain relief(CC:408887875) will bedelivered.

Metropolis® AMU subrack 2m/4o,vertical mount

ASH101 109509752Metropolis® AMUsubrackwith 2 main and 4 optioncard slots for verticalmounting.


ASH102 109509760Metropolis® AMUsubrackwith 1 main and 1 optioncard slot for verticalmounting only. No legacycard is supported. This rackis being replaced byCC109509778.

Ordering

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Comcode Comments

Metropolis® AMU subrack 1m/1o,vertical and horizontal mount

ASH102 109509778Metropolis® AMUsubrack,1 main and 1 option cardslot, vertical and horizontalmounting. No legacy cardis supported. Note: Formounting, please follow themounting proceduresprovided in theMetropolis®

AMU Installation Guide.

Metropolis® AMU Adapter card forlegacy option card support inMetropolis® AMU 2m/4o subrack(occupies two slots in subrack)

ASC103 109509653 Adapter card forMetropolis® AMU 2m/4osubrack for usage of alegacy option board inMetropolis® AMU 2m/4osubracks (occupies twoslots in subrack)

Metropolis® AMU option card 63x E1120 Ω

ASC102 109509679Metropolis® AMU optioncard 63x 2 Mbit/s, 120Ω


ASC104 109535468Metropolis® AMU optioncard 63x 2 Mbit/s, 75Ω

Metropolis® AMU Ethernet PL and E1- 2 E/FE, 2 FE/GE and 4 E1(120 or 75Ω) interfaces

ASC105 109543504Metropolis® AMU Ethernetprivate line card with 2xE/FE, 2x FE/GE + 4xE1(120 or 75Ω) interfaces

Metropolis® AMU Ethernet PL and E1- 4 E/FE and 32 E1 (75Ω)

ASC107 109543520Metropolis® AMU optioncard Ethernet private line +E1 4XE/FE, + 32X E1 (75Ω)

Metropolis® AMU option card -optional 2 x E/FE, 2 x E/FE/GEinterfaces and 4 E1 interfaces

ASC108 109579896 Metropolis® AMU - 2 xE/FE, 2 x E/FE/GEinterfaces and 4 (75/120Ω)interfaces, 8 WAN ports

Metropolis®AMU option card, 2 xSTM-4 or 8 x STM-1

ASC109 109579904 Metropolis® AMU optioncard, 2 x STM-4 or 8 xSTM-1

Metropolis® AMU basic verticalmounting kit ETSI

AMUMountKitETSIB

849029335 Metropolis® AMU verticalmounting kit for ETSIracks

Metropolis® AMU basic verticalmounting kit 19”

AMUMountKit19B

849029343 Metropolis® AMU 1m/1overtical mounting kit for19” racks

Ordering Ordering information

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Comcode Comments

Metropolis® AMU 1m/1o horizontalmounting kit ETSI

AMUMountKitETSIH-1m/1o

849029350 Metropolis® AMU 1m/1ohorizontal mounting kit forETSI racks

Metropolis® AMU 1m/1o horizontalmounting kit 19”

AMUMountKit19H-1m/1o

849029368 Metropolis® AMUmounting kit for 19” racks

Metropolis® AMU Basic mounting kit19” 40mm recessed

AMUMountKit19B2

849029376 Metropolis® AMUmounting kit for 19” 40mmrecessed racks

Metropolis® AMU19” mounting kit forAMU 1m/1o version

AMUMountKit19H2

849035456 Metropolis® AMU19”mounting kit for AMU1m/1o version; subrackhorizontal mounting 40mmoffset

Metropolis® AMU Fan Kit AMU Fan Kit 849029384 Metropolis® AMU Fan kitfor 2m/4o subrack, includes2 x AMU Fans

Metropolis® AMU Fan AMU Fan 109509786Metropolis® AMU Fan for1m/1o subrack

Metropolis® AMU blank face plate40mm

AMUBlankFace40

109509802 To cover unused main slotpositions.

Metropolis® AMU blank face plate32mm

AMUBlankFace32

109509794 To cover unused option slotpositions.

Metropolis ® AMU legacy option cards

The table below lists the comcodes of theMetropolis® AMU option cards and relatedSFPs.

Metropolis ® AMUProducts Apparatus code Comcodes AM AMS AMU

Metropolis® AMU - optional 8Ethernet PL option card (AMU AC-1adapter card required to operate inMetropolis® AMU)

X8PL 109480707 x x x

Metropolis® AMU - optional 410/100BASE-T LAN interfaces(TransLAN®) option card (AMU AC-1adapter card required to operate inMetropolis® AMU)

X4IP-V2 108865064 x x x

Metropolis® AMU - optional 2 E3option card

X2E3-V2 108756107 x x x


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Metropolis® AMU - optional 2 DS3option card (AMU AC-1 adapter cardrequired to operate inMetropolis®

AMU)

X2DS3-V2 108756099 x x x

Metropolis® AMU - optional 16 DS1option card (AMU AC-1 adapter cardrequired to operate inMetropolis®

AMU)

X16DS1 108756081 x x x

Metropolis ® AMU SFPs


Metropolis® AMU STM-1 S1.1 SFPshort range

OM155T101 109469809 x x

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 L1.1 SFPmiddle range

OM155T103 109469825 x x

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 L1.2 SFPlong range

OM155T102 109469817 x x

Metropolis® AMU STM-4 S4.1 shortrange

OM622T101 109509687 x

Metropolis® AMU STM-4 L4.1 SFPmiddle range

OM622T102 109509695 x

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 L4.2 SFPlong range

OM622T103 109509703 x

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 electricalSFP

OM155T104 109543561 x x

Metropolis® AMU STM-1/STM-41490, single fiber bidirectional SFP

OM155T105 109559492 x x

Metropolis® AMU STM-1/STM-41310, single fiber bidirectional SFP

OM155T106 109559500 x x

Metropolis® AMU Gigabit EthernetSFP, SX 850nm

OMGBET101 109526483 x

Metropolis® AMU Gigabit EthernetSFP, LX 1300nm

OMGBET102 109526491 x

Metropolis® AMU Gigabit EthernetSFP, ZX 1550nm

OMGBET103 109534347 x

Recommended cables

Please refer to theMetropolis® AMU Installation Guide.


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8 8Product support

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter provides information about the support for theMetropolis® AMU.

Contents

Installation services 8-2

Engineering services 8-4

Maintenance services 8-6

Technical support 8-8

Documentation support 8-10

Training support 8-11

Warranty 8-12

Standard Repair 8-13

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Installation services.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section describes the installation services available to supportMetropolis® AMU.

Lucent Technologies offers Installation Services focused on providing the technicalsupport and resources needed to efficiently and cost-effectively install your networkequipment. Lucent Technologies Installation Services provide unparalleled networkimplementation expertise to help install your wireline and wireless networks. We usestate-of-the-art tools and technology, and highly skilled technicians to install yourequipment and help to ensure the timely and complete implementation of your networksolution. By relying on our installation experts, we can rapidly build or expand yournetwork, help manage the complexity of implementing new technologies, reduceoperational costs, and help improve your competitive position by enabling your staff tofocus on the core aspects of your business rather than focusing on infrastructuredetails.

Description

Within Lucent Technologies’ overall Installation Services portfolio, Basic EquipmentInstallation and Site Supplemental Installation are the two services most closely linkedto the initial deployment of Lucent Technologies’ products into your network.

Basic Equipment Installation

Provides the resources, experience and tools necessary to install theMetropolis® AMUproduct into your network. We assemble, cable and wire, and test theMetropolis®

AMU, helping to ensure it is fully functioning as engineered and specified.

Site Supplemental Installation

Enhances the Basic Equipment Installation service by performing supplemental workthat is unique to your specific site location, configuration, or working requirements.Includes installation of material other than the main footprint product (such asearthquake bracing); provision of services unique to your site (such as, hauling andhoisting, multi-floor cabling, rental and local purchases) or as may be required by youroperations (such as, overtime to meet your compressed schedules, night work requestedby you, abnormal travel expenses, abnormal transportation or warehousing); and anyother additional effort or charges associated with your environment.

Benefits

When implementing our Installation Services, Lucent Technologies becomes a strategicpartner in helping you realize your long-term strategies and achieve your business andtechnological goals. We combine our state-of-the-art technical background, high-qualityprocesses, expertise in the latest technologies, knowledge of revolutionary equipmentbreakthroughs, and feature-rich project management tools to get your network up andrunning - quickly, efficiently, and reliably. With Lucent Technologies, you canconcentrate on your core business, while we apply our years of knowledge andexperience to installing your network.

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Our Installation Services let you:

• Rapidly expand your network— by turning hardware into working systems, withthe capability to deploy multiple networks in parallel rollouts

• Reduce operational expense— of recruiting, training, and retaining skilledinstallation personnel

• Leverage Lucent Technologies’ resources and expertise— by utilizing our team ofknowledgeable and fully equipped experts that implement projects of any size,anywhere around the world

• Implement quality assurance— through our total quality management approach

• Reduce operational expenses— by avoiding the purchase of the necessarystate-of-the-art tools, test equipment, specialized test software, and spare parts thatLucent Technologies Installation Services utilize

• Ensure high-quality support— with Lucent Technologies’ extensive supportstructure, including proven methods and procedures, mechanized tools, professionaltraining, technical support, and access to Bell Labs.

Reference

For more information about specialized installation services and/or databasepreparation, please contact your local Account Executive.

Product support Installation services

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Engineering services.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section describes the engineering services available to supportMetropolis® AMU.

Lucent Technologies Worldwide Services (LWS) offers Engineering Services focusedon providing the technical support and resources needed to efficiently andcost-effectively engineer your network equipment. We provide the best, mosteconomical equipment solution by ensuring your network equipment is configuredcorrectly, works as specified, and is ready for installation upon delivery. With ourproven, end-to-end solutions and experienced network engineering staff, LucentTechnologies Worldwide Services is the ideal partner to help service providers engineerand implement the technology that supports their business.

Description

Within Lucent Technologies’ overall Engineering Services portfolio, Site Survey, BasicEquipment Engineering, Site Engineering, and Site Records are the four services mostclosely linked to the initial deployment ofMetropolis® AMU into your network; eachis described below.

Site Survey

A Site Survey may be required to collect your site requirements needed for properequipment engineering. If adequate site requirements and records are not available upfront, a site survey would be performed to collect information required forconfiguration of the equipment and integration of the equipment into the site.

Basic Equipment Engineering

Ensures that the correct footprint hardware is ordered and that the ordered equipment isconfigured for optimal performance in the network for the customer. LucentTechnologies Engineering configures equipment requirements based on inputs from thecustomer order, completed questionnaires, and/or site survey data. The decisions as tospecific equipment needs are based on each component’s functionality and capacity,and the application of engineering rules associated with each component.

Site Engineering

Ensures that the correct site material is ordered and that the optimal equipment layoutfor the installation of the ordered equipment in the customer’s site is determined. SiteEngineering will be used in assisting the customer with determining the necessary siteconditions, layout and equipment required to properly install/integrate the footprinthardware components into a specific location.

Site Records

Site Records Service provides detailed record keeping which accurately documents thephysical placement and configuration of specified customer equipment. Depending onthe customer request, this can involve the initial creation of site records, updating ofexisting records, or ongoing maintenance of the customer’s records.

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Benefits

When implementing our Engineering Services, Lucent Technologies becomes astrategic partner in helping you realize your long-term strategies and achieve yourbusiness and technological goals. Our Engineering Services portfolio delivers quick,responsive support, with state-of-the-art tools, top technicians and end-to-end servicesto help you engineer an optimal network solution. Whether you are looking tooutsource your total engineering effort or simply supplement basic coverage gaps, ourportfolio of services provides the flexible level of support you need. With LucentTechnologies, you can concentrate on your core business while we apply our years ofknowledge and experience in engineering your equipment solutions.

Our Engineering Services let you:

• Rapidly expand your network— by turning products into working systems, withthe capability to deploy multiple networks in parallel rollouts

• Reduce costs— by determining the most cost-effective network configuration andoptimal use of office space when planning and providing an equipment solution

• Reduce operational expense— of recruiting, training, and retaining skilledengineering personnel

• Leverage Lucent Technologies’ resources and expertise— by utilizing our team ofknowledgeable and fully equipped experts that can plan, design, and implementprojects of any size, anywhere around the world

• Implement quality assurance— through our total quality management approachand use of ISO-certified processes

• Provide one–stop shoppingwith a globally deployed engineering workforce, savingthe time, delays and coordination challenges of dealing with multiple equipmentvendors and service providers

• Keep pace with rapidly changing technology— by supporting the latesttechnologies and equipment breakthroughs, including Lucent Technologies’ andother vendor’s products

• Ensure high-quality support— with Lucent Technologies’ extensive supportstructure, including proven methods and procedures, mechanized tools, professionaltraining, technical support, and access to Bell Labs

• Maintain and track vital office records— keep track of equipment locations andconnections.

Reference

For more information about specialized engineering services, engineering consultations,and/or database preparation, please contact your local Account Executive.

Product support Engineering services

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Maintenance services.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section describes the maintenance services available to supportMetropolis® AMU.

Description

Maintenance Services is composed of three primary services to support yourmaintenance needs. The services are

• Remote Technical Support Service (RTS)

• On-site Technical Support Service (OTS)

• Repair and Exchange Services (RES)

Remote Technical Support Service (RTS)

RTS provides remote technical support and Software Patches and Software Updates, asavailable, for deployed Lucent Technologies network elements to help cost-effectivelymaximize network availability and performance. With this service, system engineersdeliver remote support via phone or modem connection for rapid response, diagnosis,and resolution of system outages and issues.

Support from our expert remote system engineers will:

• enable trouble tracking, resolution, and restoration

• answer technical product-related questions and specific feature and functionquestions

• help identify and apply available Software Patches and Software Updates onCovered Products.

Single Point of Contact— access to Lucent Technologies engineers and information tohelp identify and resolve technical issues via phone or modem.

Lucent Technologies OnLine Customer Support—

• web-based tracking and management of Assistance Requests (AR)

• self-help services i.e., Knowledge Database, Documentation, E-mail.

Service Options—

• Premium RTS: 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (24 × 7)

• Standard RTS: 8 hours a day (8 am – 5 pm Client local time) 5 days per week (8× 5), Monday - Friday, excluding Lucent Technologies holidays.

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On-site Technical Support (OTS)

OTS provides cost-effective support for Lucent Technologies products includingsystems that incorporate select third-party equipment.

• OTS Dispatched Technician — Lucent Technologies will dispatch a technician toyour location to provide on-site assistance. We offer multiple coverage options tomeet your needs from same-day dispatch, with 24 × 7 or 8 × 5 response, tonext-business-day dispatch, with 8 × 5 response.

• OTS Dedicated Technician — a Lucent Technologies technician works at yourlocation to perform daily maintenance tasks that keep your system running at peakperformance.

• OTS Dedicated Engineer — an expert Lucent Technologies engineer provides youwith customized on-site support and assistance in areas such as maintenance of newequipment, administration of software releases, and support with youradministrative processes.

Repair and Exchange Services (RES)

RES provides rapid replacement or repair of your defective hardware, eliminating theneed for you to purchase and maintain a costly spares inventory. These services candramatically reduce investment capital and recurring operating expenses while helpingto assure maximum network availability. RES offers

• Same Day Advanced Exchange — delivers a replacement part to Customerequipment site within four hours to enable rapid restoration of service to equipmentand the ability to return parts to Lucent Technologies later. We have established aninfrastructure of multi-point, overlapping-coverage field stocking locations andautomated electronic process controls that help us approach a 100% on-timedelivery track record.

• Next Day Advanced Exchange — delivers a replacement part on the very next day,7 days a week, including holidays. Consider what is at risk when you compare thisservice to a “business day” program.

• Return for Repair — is an economical solution, which allows the Customer toreturn your field-replaceable parts to Lucent Technologies for repair or replacement.Lucent Technologies returns them in a very timely manner and without unexpectedrepair fees.

Contact

For maintenance service contact information please refer to“Technical support”(p. 8-8).

Product support Maintenance services

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Technical support.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section describes the technical support available forMetropolis® AMU.

Services

Metropolis® AMU are complemented by a full range of services available to supportplanning, maintaining, and operating your system. Applications testing, networkintegration, and upgrade/conversion support is also available.

Technical support groups

Technical support is available through

• Local/Regional Customer Support (LCS/RCS)

• Technical Support Service (TSS).

Contacting your LCS/RCS

LCS/RCS personnel troubleshoot field problems 24 hours a day over the phone and onsite (if necessary) based on Lucent Technologies Service Contracts:

for Europe, Africa, Asia and thepacific region (EMEA andAPAC)

International Customer Management Centre (ICMC):

• +353 1 692 4579 (toll number)

• 00 800 00Lucent (toll free number in mostEMEA countries)

For technical assistance, call your Local/Regional Customer Support Team. If therequest cannot be solved by LCS/RCS, it will be escalated to the central TechnicalSupport Service (TSS) team in Hilversum, Netherlands.

Technical support service

Lucent Technologies Technical Support Service (TSS) organization is committed toproviding customers with quality product support services. Each segment of the TSSorganization regards the customer as its highest priority and understands yourobligations to maintain quality services for your customers.

The TSS team maintains direct contact with Lucent Technologies manufacturing, BellLaboratories development, and other organizations to assure fast resolution of allassistance requests.

Technical support platform

A global online trouble tracking system is used by all support teams to track customerassistance requests. The system communicates details about product bulletins,troubleshooting procedures, and other critical information to customers. All details of arequest are entered into this database until closure. For online access to your trouble

Product support

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tickets via the web please contact your local support team or check the followingwebsite: (https://support.lucent.com/support)

Reference

For additional information about technical support, please contact your AccountExecutive forMetropolis® AMU or your Lucent Technologies local Customer Team.

Product support levels

The following figure shows the levels of product support for Lucent Technologiesproducts.

Product support Technical support

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https://support.lucent.com/support

https://support.lucent.com/support

Documentation support.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Lucent Technologies provides comprehensive product documentation tailored to theneeds of the different audiences. An overview of the documentation set can be found at“Related documentation” (p. xvii).

Customer comment

As customer satisfaction is extremely important to Lucent Technologies, every attemptis made to encourage feedback from customers about our information products. Thankyou for your feedback.

To comment on this information product online, go tohttp://www.lucent-info.com/comments.

Product support

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Training support.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

To complement your product needs, the Lucent Learning organization offers a formaltraining package, with the single training courses scheduled regularly at LucentTechnologies’ corporate training centers or to be arranged as on-site trainings at yourfacility.

Registering for a course or arranging an on-site training

To enroll in a training course at one of the Lucent Technologies corporate trainingcenters or to arrange an on-site training at your facility (suitcasing), please contact:

Asia, Pacific, andChina

Training Center Singapore, Singapore

voice: +65 6240 8394

fax: +65 6240 8017

Central America andLatin America

Training Center Mexico City, Mexico

voice: +52 55 527 87187

fax: +52 55 527 87185

Europe, Middle East,and Africa

Training Center Nuremberg, Germany

voice: +49 911 526 3831

fax: +49 911 526 6142

North American Region Training Center Altamonte Springs, USA

voice: +1-888-582-3688 - prompt 2

(+1-888-LUCENT8 - prompt 2).

To review the available courses or to enroll in a training course at one of LucentTechnologies’ corporate training centers you can also visit: https://training.lucent.com

Product support

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Warranty.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Introduction

Warranty, support, and trouble escalation procedures have been established on a percountry basis. Contact your Lucent Technologies account representative for details.

Discontinued Availability

Lucent Technologies’ ONG reserves the right to notify the customer in advance of theintention to Discontinue the Availability (DA) of a product. Lucent Technologies’ ONGalso reserves the right to offer a Technical Support Contract (TSC) to make repair andtechnical support services available for an additional period of time after a product hasbeen discontinued. All TSC services will be at a specified price dependent on the termsand conditions of the contract.

The rights and obligations of Lucent Technologies’ ONG and the customer shall neitherbe assigned nor delegated without prior written consent of the other party, except thatLucent Technologies’ ONG may assign its obligations to any of its affiliates ornon-Lucent Technologies contractors without further consent by the customer.

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Standard Repair.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Introduction

If Lucent Technologies’ ONG determines that a product is not defective or is inconformance, the customer shall pay Lucent Technologies’ ONG the costs of handling,inspecting, testing, and transporting the product and, if applicable, travel and relatedexpenses.

Repair interval

Lucent Technologies’ ONG repair locations set their own standards for return intervals.On average, the minimum time to return repairs to the customer is 14 days from thereceipt of the product by the repair location. The maximum time to return repairs tothe customer can range from 50 to 180 days.

Out-of-Warranty provisions

For any activity associated with repair or replacement of hardware and/or softwaresystems that is determined by Lucent Technologies’ ONG to be out of warranty,materials and labor will be billed at Lucent Technologies’ ONG list price(time-and-materials plus additional incurred expenses), or in accordance with a separateTechnical Support Contract.

International repair and service

The customer or the customer’s in-country representative should send a description ofthe material to be returned for repair or service including the quantity, comcodes, andserial numbers (if available).

After the material has been shipped, the following information should be faxed to theService Center:

• Customer’s return address

• Customer contact name, telephone number, and fax number

• Value of material

• Identification of any hazardous equipment or material

• Shipping information including the date of shipment, air way bill, carrier name,flight number, number of cartons, and weight of material.

When the material arrives at the Service Center, it is entered into the Repair, Service,and Return database for tracking purposes.

The repair location will repair the material. If it is determined that an item is notrepairable and the item is under factory warranty, a replacement will be sent. If theitem is out of factory warranty, the customer will advise their Country DeskRepresentative if they would like to order a replacement.

Product support

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The Service Center will prepare the paperwork for exporting the material, and ship thematerial to the customer. When available, the Service Center will fax the shippinginformation to the customer or the customer’s in-country representative.

Upon receipt of the material, the customer or the customer’s in-country representativeshould send the Service Center the order numbers of the material received and the datethe material was received. The Service Center will then close the order on the Repair,Service, and Return database.

Important! Please note that Lucent Technologies warranty is contingent upon theuse of Lucent Technologies specified SFPs forMetropolis® AMU. Use of otherSFPs is not approved by Lucent Technologies and is fully at the customer’s ownrisk. Any warranty obligation of Lucent Technologies is extinguished whennon-Lucent specified SFPs are used.

Product support Standard Repair

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9 9Quality and reliability

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter presents Lucent Technologies’ quality policy and describes the reliabilityof the Metropolis® AMU.

Contents

Quality 9-2

Lucent Technologies’ commitment to quality and reliability 9-3

Ensuring quality 9-4

Conformity statements 9-5

Reliability specifications 9-8

General specifications 9-9

Reliability program 9-10


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Quality

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This section describes Lucent Technologies’ commitment to quality and reliability andhow quality is ensured.

Contents

Lucent Technologies’ commitment to quality and reliability 9-3

Ensuring quality 9-4

Conformity statements 9-5

Quality and reliability

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Lucent Technologies’ commitment to quality and reliability.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Lucent Technologies is extremely committed to providing our customers with productsof the highest level of quality and reliability in the industry.Metropolis® AMU are aprime example of this commitment.

In line with this policy, all major transmission facilities in the USA, Europe and Chinaare ISO-9000 certified. In line with the above, Lucent Technologies’ policy statementin this respect is as follows.

Quality policy

Lucent Technologies is committed to achieving sustained business excellence byintegrating quality principles and methods into all we do at every level of our companyto

• Anticipate and meet customer needs and exceed their expectations, every time

• Relentlessly improve how we work – to deliver the world’s best and mostinnovative communications solutions – faster and more cost-effectively than ourcompetitors

Reliability in the product life-cycle

Each stage of the life cycle ofMetropolis® AMU relies on people and processes thatcontribute to the highest product quality and reliability possible. The reliability of aproduct begins at the earliest planning stage and continues into

• Product architecture

• Design and simulation

• Documentation

• Prototype testing during development

• Design change control

• Manufacturing and product testing (including 100% screening)

• Product quality assurance

• Product field performance

• Product field return management

The R&D community of Lucent Technologies is certified by ISO 9001.


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Ensuring quality.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section describes the critical elements that ensure product quality and reliabilitywithin

• Product development

• Manufacturing

Critical elements of product development

The product development group’s strict adherence to the following critical elementsensures the product’s reliability

• Design standards

• Design and test practices

• Comprehensive qualification programs

• System-level reliability integration

• Reliability audits and predictions

• Development of quality assurance standards for manufactured products

Critical elements of manufacturing

Note: Independent Quality Representatives are also present at manufacturing locationsto ensure shipped product quality.

The manufacturing and field deployment groups’ strict adherence to the followingcritical elements ensures the product’s reliability

• Pre-manufacturing

• Qualification

• Accelerated product testing

• Product screening

• Production quality tracking

• Failure mode analysis

• Feedback and corrective actions


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Conformity statements.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

CE conformity

Hereby, Lucent Technologies declares that the Lucent Technologies products

Metropolis® AMU, Release 1.0 through 3.0

are in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of thefollowing Directive:

IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1)

is tested and conforms with the essential requirements for protection of health and thesafety of the user and any other person and Electromagnetic Compatibility. Conformityis indicated by the CE mark affixed to the product. For more information regarding CEmarking and Declaration of Conformity (DoC), please contact your local LucentTechnologies Customer Service Organization.

This product is in conformity with Article 3, Paragraph 3 of the R&TTE Directive andinterworks in networks with other equipment connected to the opticaltelecommunication network.

Conformance with specifications of optical interfaces is granted as stated in the OfficialJournal of the European Union.

Compliance Statement in other European Languages

English

Hereby, Lucent Technologies, declares that thisMetropolis® AMU is in compliancewith the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive IEC 60950-1(ed. 1).

Finnish

Lucent Technologies vakuuttaa täten ettäMetropolis® AMU tyyppinen laite ondirektiivin IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1) oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivinmuiden ehtojen mukainen.

Dutch

Bij deze verklaart Lucent Technologies dat dezeMetropolis® AMU voldoet aan deessentiële eisen en aan de overige relevante bepalingen van Richtlijn IEC 60950-1 (ed.1).

French

Par la présente, Lucent Technologies déclare que ceMetropolis® AMU est conformeaux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions de la directive IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1)qui lui sont applicables.


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Swedish

Härmed intygar Lucent Technologies att dennaMetropolis® AMU står Iöverensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta bestämmelsersom framgår av direktiv IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).

Danish

Undertegnede Lucent Technologies erklærer herved, at følgende udstyrMetropolis®

AMU overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv IEC 60950-1(ed. 1)

German

Hiermit erklärt Lucent Technologies die Übereinstimmung des GerätesMetropolis®

AMU mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den anderen relevanten Festlegungender Richtlinie IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).

Greek

MΕ THN ΠAΡOYΣA Lucent Technologies∆ΗΛΩΝΕI OTI Metropolis® AMUΣYMMOΡΦΩΝΕTAI ΠΡOΣ TIΣ OYΣIΩ∆ΕIΣ AΠAITΗΣΕIΣ ΚAI TI Σ ΛOIΠΕΣΣΧΕTIΚΕΣ ∆IATA ΞΕIΣ TΗΣ O∆Η(IAΣ IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1)

Italian

Con la presente Lucent Technologies dichiara che questoMetropolis® AMU èconforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalladirettiva IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).

Spanish

Por medio de la presente Lucent Technologies declara que elMetropolis® AMUcumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables oexigibles de la Directiva IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1)

Portuguese

Lucent Technologies declara que esteMetropolis® AMU está conforme com osrequisitos essenciais e outras provisões da Directiva IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).

Eco-environmental statements

The statements that follow are the eco-environmental statements that apply to theWaste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive.

Packaging collection and recovery requirements

Countries, states, localities, or other jurisdictions may require that systems beestablished for the return and/or collection of packaging waste from the consumer, orother end user, or from the waste stream. Additionally, reuse, recovery, and/or recyclingtargets for the return and/or collection of the packaging waste may be established.

For more information regarding collection and recovery of packaging and packagingwaste within specific jurisdictions, please contact the Lucent Technologies FieldServices / Installation - Environmental Health and Safety organization.

Quality and reliability Conformity statements

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365-312-847R3.0Issue 3, June 2006

For installations not performed by Lucent Technologies, please contact the LucentCustomer Support Center at::

Technical Support Services, Lucent Technologies.

Within the United States: 1 866 LUCENT8 (866 582 3688), prompt 1

From all other countries: +1 630 224 4672, prompt 2

Recycling / take-back / disposal of product

Electronic products bearing or referencing the symbol shown below when put on themarket within the European Union, shall be collected and treated at the end of theiruseful life, in compliance with applicable European Union and local legislation. Theyshall not be disposed of as part of unsorted municipal waste. Due to materials that maybe contained in the product, such as heavy metals or batteries, the environment andhuman health may be negatively impacted as a result of inappropriate disposal.

Note: In the European Union, a solid bar under the crossed-out wheeled bin indicatesthat the product was put on the market after 13 August 2005.

Moreover, in compliance with legal requirements and contractual agreements, whereapplicable, Lucent Technologies will offer to provide for the collection and treatmentof Lucent Technologies products at the end of their useful life, or products displacedby Lucent Technologies equipment offers.

For information regarding take-back of equipment by Lucent Technologies, or for moreinformation regarding the requirements for recycling/disposal of product, please contactyour Lucent Account Manager or Lucent Takeback Support at [email protected].

Technical documentation

The technical documentation as required by the Conformity Assessment procedure iskept at Lucent Technologies location which is responsible for this product. For moreinformation please contact your local Lucent Technologies representative.

Quality and reliability Conformity statements

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Reliability specifications

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This section describes how reliability is specified.

Contents

General specifications 9-9

Reliability program 9-10



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General specifications.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section provides general reliability specifications forMetropolis® AMU.

Mean time between failures

The mean time between failures (MTBF) for the wholeMetropolis® AMU aredescribed in“Metropolis® AMU circuit-pack fit rates and MTBF values” (p. 9-11).

Infant mortality factor

Note: The steady state failure rate is equal to the failure rate of the system.

The number of failures that a product experiences during the first year of service afterturn-up may be greater than the number of subsequent annual steady state failures. Thisis the early life or infant mortality period. The ratio of the first year failure rate to thesteady state failure rate is termed the infant mortality factor (IMF).


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Reliability program.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Introduction

Reliability is a key ingredient of products life cycle from the earliest planning stage.Major occurrences at the start of the project involve modeling of system reliability.During the design and development stage, reliability predictions, qualification andselection of components, definition of quality assurance standards and prototyping ofcritical system areas ensured built-in reliability. Manufacturing and field deployment,techniques such as pre-manufacturing, qualification, tracking of production quality,burn-in tests, failure mode analysis and feedback and correction further enhance theongoing reliability of theMetropolis® AMU.


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Reliability specifications.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Introduction

The Metropolis® AMU provide various protective switching mechanisms wherenecessary to support a high level of service availability.

Reliability and service availability

Protection mechanisms are supported by theMetropolis® AMU:

• path protection or SNC/N protection (SubNetwork Connection protection) forhigher and lower order VCs

• 1+1 multiplex section protection (MSP)

• Link Pass Through (LPT) for Ethernet protection

Ethernet traffic can be protected by:

• spanning tree protocol

• link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS)

Metropolis ® AMU circuit-pack fit rates and MTBF values

The following tables gives an overview of the circuit packs fit rates and MTBF values(calculated according to SR-332 RPP with confidence level of 95%. Therefore, it maynot be comparable to other Lucent Technologies Products):

Metropolis ® AMU Products FIT (10 -9/h) MTBF (years)

Metropolis® AMUmain card ASC101B (CC:109555516)

9500 12

Metropolis® AMU subrack 2m/4o vertical mountASH101 (CC: 109509752)

146 780

Metropolis® AMU subrack 1m/1o, horizontal andvertical mount ASH102 (CC: 109509778)

135 846

Metropolis® AMU PI-E1/63 option card 63x E1120 Ω (CC: 109509679)

6000 19

Metropolis® AMU PI-E1/63 option card 63x E1 75Ω (CC: 109535468)

6000 19

Metropolis® AMU Ethernet PL and E1 option card2 E/FE, 2 FE/GE and 4 E1 120 or 75Ω interfaces(CC: 109543504)

5000 23

Metropolis® AMU Ethernet PL and E1 - optioncard 4 E/FE and 32 E1 75Ω (CC: 109543520)

5000 23

Metropolis® AMU Ethernet and E1 - 2 x E/FE, 2x E/FE/GE interfaces and 4 (75/120 Ohm)interfaces, 8 WAN ports (CC 109579896)

6500 18


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9-11


Metropolis® AMU Option card, 2 x STM-4 or 8STM-1 (CC 109579904)

3900 29

Metropolis® AMUFan 4800 24

Metropolis® AMU AC-1 Adapter card for legacyoption card support in 2m/4o subrack (CC109509653)

3420 33

The next table lists the failure rate calculation (FIT) and the MTBF (Mean TimeBetween Failures) of the different legacy option cards (calculated according to SR-332RPP with confidence level of 60% therefore it may not be comparable to other LucentTechnologies Products):


Metropolis® AMU - optional 16 DS1

X16DS1 option card (CC: 108756081)

1170 98

Metropolis® AMU - optional 2 E3

X2E3-V2 option card (CC: 108756107)

1176 97

Metropolis® AMU - optional 2 DS3

X2DS3-V2 option card

(CC: 108756099)

1181 97

Metropolis® AMU - optional 4 X4IP-V2 optioncard (CC: 108865064)

1813 63

Metropolis® AMU X8PL - optional 8 Ethernet PLoption card (CC: 109480707)

947 121

The next table lists the failure rate calculation (FIT) and the MTBF (Mean TimeBetween Failures) of the different SFPs (calculated according to SR-332 RPP withconfidence level of 90% therefore it may not be comparable to other LucentTechnologies Products):


Metropolis® AMU STM-1 S1.1 SFP short range(CC: 109469809)

544 210

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 L1.1 SFP middle range(CC: 109469825)

552 207

Quality and reliability Reliability specifications

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Metropolis® AMU STM-1 L1.2 SFP long range(CC: 109469817)

538 212

Metropolis® AMU STM-4 S4.1 SFP short range(CC: 109509687)

968 118

Metropolis® AMU STM-4 L4.1 SFP middle range(CC: 109509695)

556 205

Metropolis® AMU STM-4 L4.2 SFP long range(CC: 109509703)

548 208

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 electrical SFP(CC: 109543561)

350 326

Metropolis® AMU STM-1/STM-4 1490, singlefiber bidirectional SFP (CC: 109559492)

294 388

Metropolis® AMU STM-1/STM-4 1310, singlefiber bidirectional SFP (CC: 109559500)

294 388

Metropolis® AMU Gigabit Ethernet SFP,ZX 1550nm (CC: 109534347)

780 104

Metropolis® AMU Gigabit Ethernet SFP,LX 1300nm (CC: 109526491)

653 104

Metropolis® AMU Gigabit Ethernet SFP,SX 850nm (CC: 109526483)

402 284

Quality and reliability Reliability specifications

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10 10Technical Specifications

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter contains the technical specifications for theMetropolis® AMU.

Contents

System specifications 10-2

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10-1

System specifications.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Optical Interface

Metropolis® AMU: All optical interfaces are available as SFPs (Small Form-FactorPluggable Optics).The following table shows the optical data:

The characteristics of the SFPs are summarized in the table below.

S1.1 L1.1 L1.2 S4.1 L4.1 L4.2

Transmitter

Wavelength 1270...1360nm

1270...1360nm

1530...1565nm

1273...1355nm

1280...1310nm

1530...1565nm

Max. outputpower

–8...–15 dBm +0...–5 dBm +0...–5 dBm –8...–15dBm

–3...+2dBm

+2...–3dBm

Eye maskpattern

see G.957 see G.957 see G.957 see G.957 see G.957 see G.957

FDAclass/IEChazard level

Class I/1 Class I/1 Class I/1 Class I/1 Class I/1 Class I/1

Maximumdispersion

185 ps/nm 246 ps/nm notapplicable

74 ps/nm 172 ps/nm notapplicable

Attenuationrange

0...12 dB 10...28 dB 10...28 dB 0...12 dB 10...24 dB 10...24 dB

Optical pathpenalty

< 1 dB < 1 dB < 1 dB < 1 dB < 1 dB < 1 dB

Receiver

Sensitivity –28 dBmmin.

–34 dBmmin.

–34 dBmmin.

–28 dBmmin.

–28 dBmmin.

–28 dBmmin.

Overload –8 dBmmax.

–10 dBmmax.

–10 dBmmax.

–8 dBmmax.

–8 dBmmax.

–8 dBmmax.

Connector/Fiber type

Connectortype

LC LC LC LC LC LC

Fiber typecore/claddingdiameter(µm)

SM (9/125) SM (9/125) SM (9/125) SM(9/125)

SM(9/125)

SM (9/125)

The characteristics of the single fiber SFPs and electrical SFPs are summarized in thetable below:

Technical Specifications

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OM155T105 OM155T106 SFP155E

TRANSMITTER

Wavelength 1260-1360 nm 1480-1550 nm -

Max. output power -2.0...-7.0 dBm -2.0...-7.0 dBm -

Eye mask pattern see G.957 see G.957 see ITU-T G.703

Attenuation range - - 12.7 dB

RECEIVER

Sensitivity <-22 dBm <-22 dBm -

CONNECTOR/FIBER TYPE

Connector type LC LC LC

Fiber type core/claddingdiameter (µm)

SM (9/125) SM (9/125) 1.0/2.3

Tributary interfaces

• STM-1 tributary interface at 155 Mbit/s according to G.957 via SFP. The 155Mbit/s optical access is done with a LC connector type.

• STM-1 tributary interface at 155 Mbit/s according to the ITU G703-15 via SFP.The physical interface for the STM-1 signals is a coaxial female DIN 1.6/5.6 typeconnector with an impedance of 75Ω.

• Interface at 1.544 Mbit/s ± 130 ppm, AMI or B8ZS encoded (programmable ingroups of 8) and conforming to G.703-2 standard 1991, asynchronously mapped viaVC-11 to a TU-12. The 1.5 Mbit/s electrical (DS1) interface access is via a RJ45connector suitable for symmetrical twisted pair cables with an impedance of 100Ω.

• Interface at 2.048 Mbit/s ± 50 ppm, HDB3 coded and conforming to G.703standard 1991, asynchronously mapped via a VC-12 in TU-12. The 2 Mbit/selectrical (E1) interface access is via RJ45 connector suitable for symmetricaltwisted pair cables either with an impedance of 120Ω or coaxial cables with animpedance of 75Ω.Each 2 Mbit/s tributary interface (optional card) can be operated in ISDN PRI(Primary Rate Interface) or Leased-Line mode. It allows to transmit “30 B+D”according to G.962 and I.431. This feature requires the processing of the overheadcontained in timeslot 0 (TS0) of the 2 Mbit/s signal.

• Interface at 34.368 Mbit/s ± 20 ppm, HDB3 encoded and conforming to G.703-8October 1998, asynchronously mapped into LO-VC3. The 34 Mbit/ s electricalclear channel (E3) interface access is via a coaxial female DIN 1.6/5.6 typeconnector with an impedance of 75Ω.

• Interface at 44.736 Mbit/s ± 20 ppm, B3ZS encoded and conforming to G.703-6October 1998, directly mapped in a LO-VC3. The 45 Mbit/s electrical tributary(DS-3) interface access is via a coaxial female DIN 1.6/5.6 type connector with animpedance of 75Ω.

Technical Specifications System specifications

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10-3

• A 10/100BaseT Ethernet Interface (LAN interface) with auto-negotiation supportingEthernet and IEEE 802.3, 1998 access protocols. Auto-negotiation of the data rate(10 Mbit/s or 100 Mbit/s) and of the mode (half-duplex and full duplex). The10/100BaseT Ethernet Interface access is via a RJ45 connector.

• A 1000BaseT Ethernet Interface (LAN interface) with auto-negotiation supportingEthernet and IEEE 802.3, 1998 access protocols. Auto-negotiation of the mode(half-duplex and full duplex). The 1000BaseT Ethernet Interface access is via aRJ45 connector.

• A 1000BaseX Ethernet Interface (LAN interface) with auto-negotiation supportingEthernet and IEEE 802.3, 2002 access protocols. Auto-negotiation of the mode(half-duplex and full duplex). The 1000BaseX Ethernet Interface access is via LCconnector.

EPL4_E14 option card

The EPL4_E14 card provides:




• Two RJ45 connectors for four E1 interfaces with 75 / 120Ω (Selection can bemade on port level via the user interface; default is 120Ω.)

The EPL_4_E14 option card is able to compensate a a maximum delay difference of128 ms between the fastest and the slowest VC in receive direction.

EPL4_E132_75 option card

The EPL4_E132_75 card provides:

• Four RJ45 connectors for dual rate Ethernet (10/100Base-T)

• Sixteen RJ45 connectors to cover 32 E1 interfaces with 75Ω only (2x E1 perRJ45)

The EPL_4_E132_75 option card is able to compensate a a maximum delay differenceof 128 ms between the fastest and the slowest VC in receive direction.

ESW4_E14 option card

The ESW4_E14 card provides:

• Two cages for Small-form Factor Pluggable (SFP) optical transceivers whichsupport 1000Base-X



• Two RJ45 connectors for four E1 interfaces with 75/120Ω (Selection can be madeon port level via the user interface; default is 120Ω).

The ESW4_E14 option card can compensate a maximum delay difference of 64msbetween the fastest and the slowest VC in receive direction.


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Mapping

• The Metropolis® AMU support an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TUG-2 <->TU-12 <->VC-12 <->E1 mapping scheme for each VC-12 created and terminatedin the system

• The Metropolis® AMU support an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TUG-2 <->TU-12 <-> VC-11 <->DS1 mapping scheme for each VC-11 created and terminatedin the system

• The Metropolis® AMU support an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TU-3 <-> VC-3<->E3 mapping scheme for each VC-3 created and terminated in the system

• TheMetropolis® AMU support an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TU-3 <-> VC-3<-> DS3 mapping scheme for each VC-3 created and terminated in the system.

X4IP-V2 option card mapping

• The X4IP-V2 option board supports an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TUG-2<-> X*TU-12 <->X*VC-12 <->VC-12-Xv <->GFP/EoS mapping scheme

• The X4IP-V2 option board supports an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> X*TU-3<-> X*VC-3 <->VC-3-Xv <-> GFP/EoS mapping scheme

• The GFP/EoS protocol is according to T1X1.5/99-268.VC–12-Xv means a grouping of VC-12-s to a single virtual link with thebandwitch of x*VC-12.VC–3-Xv means a grouping of VC-3s to a single virtual link with the bandwidth ofx*VC3.Per port (MAC) VC-12/VC-3 concatenation is 1..5 VC-12 or 1..2 VC-3.

Connectivity

• The equipment supports bi-directional, non-blocking cross-connection switching atthe VC-4 level, VC-3 level and at the VC-12 level

Protection schemes

• 1+1 MSP is supported for STM-N optical interfaces on the same unit and forelectrical STM-1 interfaces. The protection switching can be configured revertiveand non-revertive and uni-directional and bi-directional.

• The equipment provides VC-12, VC-3 or VC-4 SNC/N protection.

• The system provides equipment protection of the cross-connection function, powersupply filter function and system timing function on the main cards.


• Synchronization can be derived from the incoming STM-1 or STM-4 aggregatesignals

• Synchronization can be derived from an incoming 2 Mbit/s (E1) data input

• Re-synchronization of the 2 Mbit/s ports is supported

• Support of SSM byte according to ETSI ETS 300 417-6


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10-5

• External synchronization input at 2.048 MHz and 2 Mbit/s (STCLK, one per maincard) is according to G.703-10 via RJ45 connector with an impedance of 120Ωsymmetrical or with an impedance of 75Ω

• Internal Clock in accordance with ITU-T G.813 option 1.

Overhead bytes processing

The next table shows the processing of SOH (Section OverHead):

Overhead bytes Function Processing

A1-A2 Framing A1=11110110 (HF6)

Framing A2=00101000 (H28)

Yes

J0 Regenerator section traceidentifier

Yes

C1 Regenerator section traceTrace/frame identifier

Fixed to 00000001

B1 RS Bit error monitoring (BIP-8) No

B2 MS Bit error monitoring (BIP-8) Yes

D1 to D12 Data communication channel(DCC) D1 to D3 or D4 to D12can be selected

Yes

E2 Codirectional interfaces at 64kbit/s (J64), in accordance withG.703 (Service channel)

Yes

F1 64 kbit/s user channel Fixed to11111111

K1, K2 (bit 1 to 5) Automatic Protection Switching(APS) channel for MSP

Yes

K2 (bit 6 to 8) Remote alarm MS (MS-FERF) Yes

S1 Synchronization state Yes

M1 Remote error indication MS(MS-REI)

Yes

Z1, Z2 Reserved Fixed to11111111

NU National use 11111111

The next table shows the processing of the POH (Path Overhead) of VC-12:


V5 (bit 1 to 2) VC-12 BIP-2 error checking Yes (next release)

V5 (bit 3) REI path (FEBE) Yes

V5 (bit 4) RFI path Fixed to 0


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V5 (bit 5 to 7) Label of VC-12 path Yes

V5 (bit 8) RDI path (FERF) Yes

J2 VC-12 Trace identifier Yes

Z6 Connection/monitoring Fixed to 0

K4 (bit 1 to 4) VC-12 APS path Fixed to 0

K4 (bit 5 to 6) Reserved Fixed to 0

The next table shows the processing of the POH of VC-3:


J1 VC3 trace identifier Yes

B3 Path bit error monitoring (BIP-8) Yes (next release)

C2 Path signal label Yes

G1 REI/RDI path Yes

F2 User channel Fixed to 0


H4 Provides a general multiframeindicator for VC-structuredpayloads. Provides a maltiframeand sequence indicator for virtualVC-3 concatenation and LCAS

Fixed to 11111111



Z5 Network control Fixed to 0

The next table shows the processing of the POH of VC-4


J1 VC4 trace identifier Yes

B3 BIP-8 path Yes (next release)

C2 Path signal label Yes

G1 REI/RDI path Yes




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H4 Provides a general multiframeindicator for VC-structuredpayloads. Provides a maltiframeand sequence indicator for virtualVC-4 concatenation and LCAS

Yes



Z5 Network control Fixed to 0

Note: The ISDN feature requires the processing of the overhead contained in timeslot 0(TS0) of the 2 Mbit/s signal.

Power supply specifications

• The power consumption of a fully equippedMetropolis® AMU 2m/4o systemremains below 100 Watt.

• The power consumption of a fully equippedMetropolis® AMU 1m/1o systemremains below 35 Watt.

• The system optionally supports the grounding philosophy according to ETSIRequirements 300 253, January 1995 (battery return connected to ground).

Power supply Metropolis ® AMU:

The following possibilities are available:

• Voltage range DC: –48 VDC and –60 VDC (–39 VDC minimum, –72 VDCmaximum).

• An external AC/DC converter is available to enable AC applications.

Power consumption

The following table lists the power consumption for the system components ofMetropolis® AMU.


Comcode Typical[W]

Maximum[W]


ASH101 109509752 N/A N/A

Metropolis® AMU subrack 1m/1o,horizontal and vertical mount

ASH102 109509778 N/A N/A

Metropolis® AMU main card ASC101B 109555516 10 12.5


ASC102 109509679 8.6 10.2

Metropolis® AMU option card 63x E1 75Ω

ASC104 109535468 8.8 11.3


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Comcode Typical[W]

Maximum[W]

Metropolis® AMU Ethernet PL and E1 -optional 2 E/FE, 2 FE/GE and 4 E1(120

or 75 Ω) interfaces

ASC105 109543504 12.5 14.5

Metropolis® AMU Ethernet PL and E1 -optional 4 E/FE and 32 E1 (75Ω)

ASC107 109543520 14.5 16

Metropolis® AMU Ethernet option card,E1 - 2 x E/FE, 2 xE/FE/GE interfacesand 4 (75/120 Ohm) interfaces, 8 WAN

ports

ASC108 109579896 28 32

Metropolis® AMU option card, 2 xSTM-4 or 8 x STM-1

ASC109 109579904 8 10

Metropolis® AMU Adapter card forlegacy option card support in

Metropolis® AMU 2m/4o subrack(occupies two slots in subrack)

AMU AC-1 109509653 4 4.5

Metropolis® AMU Fan ASH104 109509786 3 3.5

The following table lists the power consumption for the SFPs used withMetropolis®

AMU


Comcode Typical[W]

Maximum[W]

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 S1.1SFP short range

OM155T101 109469809 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 L1.1SFP middle range

OM155T103 109469825 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 L1.2SFP long range

OM155T102 109469817 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU STM-4 S4.1short range

OM622T101 109509687 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU STM-4 L4.1SFP middle range

OM622T102 109509695 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 L4.2SFP long range

OM622T103 109509703 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU STM-1electrical SFP

OM155T104 109543561 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 1490,single fiber bidirectional

OM155T105 109559492 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU STM-1 1310,single fiber bidirectional SFP

OM155T106 109559500 1.0 1.2


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Comcode Typical[W]

Maximum[W]

Metropolis® AMU GigabitEthernet SFP, ZX 1550nm

OMGBET103 109534347 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU GigabitEthernet SFP, LX 1300nm

OMGBET102 109526491 1.0 1.2

Metropolis® AMU GigabitEthernet SFP, SX 850nm

OMGBET101 109526483 1.0 1.2

Supervision interface

• F-interface for Craft Interface Terminal via RJ45 connector with metal shell forgrounding (ITM-CIT)The interface conforms to V.10/RS-232C standards.

• Q-LAN Interface via RJ45 connector with metal shell for grounding(Ethernet-10BASE-T)This interface conforms to IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standards.

Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs/Outputs

• The user can assign, through the EMS or local workstation, an alarm message andalarm severity to each of the four miscellaneous discrete inputs (MDIs). They areequivalent with other system alarms.

• When receiving power, all four miscellaneous discrete outputs (MDOs) arenormally open. If power is lost, MDO 1’s contacts close (assigned to indicatepower failure). MDO 2-4 are respectively assigned to Prompt alarm, Deffered alarmand Information alarm.

• The MDI inputs and MDO outputs are available from a 25 pin SUB-D maleconnector.

Performance monitoring

• Performance monitoring is in accordance with ITU-T G.826 and G.784

• The following four parameters are available to estimate the error performance of apath:

– SES: number of Severely Errored Seconds in the received signal

– ES: number of Errored Seconds in the received signal

– BBE: number of Background Block Errors in the received signal

– UAS: number of UnAvailable Seconds in the received signal

• Monitoring can be done on the incoming MS4, MS1, VC-4, VC-3, VC-12, TU-12,TU-3 and AU-4 signals of theMetropolis® AMU unit (Near-End PerformanceMonitoring). Non-intrusive monitoring is only possible for VC-4.

• Performance monitoring data is stored in one current and sixteen recent 15 minutesregisters, and one current and one recent 24 hours registers


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• Threshold reports are generated when user-settable performance parameters areexceeded during 15 minutes and 24 hours periods

• Ethernet performance monitoring information can be derived from outgoing numberof bytes, incoming number of bytes and incoming number of dropped packets. Thisinformation is available in 15 minutes or 24 hours registers.

Equipment dimensions

Metropolis® AMU:

• Subrack physical dimensions:

– 2m/4o: 300 x 224 x 270 mm (H x W x D) unit size (without wall or rackmounting system

– 1m/1o: 300 x 88 x 270 mm (H x W x D) unit size (without wall or rackmounting system)

• The weight of a fully equipped 2m/4o configuration is less than 6 kg excludingmounting brackets.

• The weight of a fully equipped vertically oriented 1m/1o configuration is less than2.5kg excluding mounting brackets.

Environmental conditions

The environmental conditions applicable for theMetropolis® AMU:

• Storage compliant with ETSI 300 019-1-1 Class 1-2, February 1992:- Temperature range -5°C to +45°C- Humidity of 5 to 90% without condensation.

• Transport compliant with ETSI 300 019-1-2 Class 2-3, February 1992:- Temperature range -5°C to +45°C- Humidity of 5 to 90% without condensation.

• The system operates with convection cooling.

• CE marking compliant with 73/23/EEC and 89/336/EEC

• ETSI EMC - The system meets the requirements of EN 300 386-2 V.1.1.3(december 1997) for equipment installed in locations other than telecom centers.

• IEC 60950 -Ed3, 1994-04

• Optical safety compliant with IEC 60825-1 Ed 1.1 (1998/01) and IEC 60825-2 Ed2 (2000/05).

The following table shows the environmental conditions for theMetropolis® AMU.

Power Type Min Temp. MaxTemp

MinHum.

MaxHum

Compliant to ETS 300 019-1-3 OfFebruary. 1992 & Amendment A1 June1997

DC -5 +45 5% 90% Class 3.1E

AC -5 +45 5% 90% Class 3.1E


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Installation in steet cabinets supported, when street cabinets provides requiredenvironment conditions.

Important! Ensure that theMetropolis® AMU units have reached roomtemperature and are dry before taking them into operation.

For further informaton please refer to theMetropolis® AMU Installation Guide.


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Appendix A: An SDH overview

Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose

This chapter briefly describes the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH).

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

In 1988, the ITU-T (formerly CCITT) came to an agreement on the SynchronousDigital Hierarchy (SDH). The corresponding ITU-T Recommendation G.707 forms thebasis of a global, uniform optical transmission network. SDH can operate withplesiochronous networks and therefore allows the continuous evolution of existingdigital transmission networks.

The major features and advantages of SDH are:

• Compatibility of transmission equipment and networks on a worldwide basis

• Uniform physical interfaces

• Easy cross connection of signals in the network nodes

• Possibility of transmitting PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) tributary signalsat bit rates commonly used at present

• Simple adding and dropping of individual channels without special multiplexers(add/drop facility)

• Easy transition to higher transmission rates

• Due to the standardization of the network element functions SDH supports asuperordinate network management and new monitoring functions and providestransport capacity and protocols (Telecommunication Management Network, TMN)for this purpose in the overheads of the multiplex signals.

• High flexibility and user-friendly monitoring possibilities, e.g. end-to-endmonitoring of the bit error ratio.

Purpose of SDH

The basic purpose of SDH is to provide a standard synchronous optical hierarchy withsufficient flexibility to accommodate digital signals that currently exist in today’snetwork, as well as those planned for the future.

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SDH currently defines standard rates and formats and optical interfaces. Today,mid-span meet is possible at the optical transmission level. These and other relatedissues continue to evolve through the ITU-T committees.

ITU-T addressed issues

The set of ITU-T Recommendations defines

• Optical parameters

• Multiplexing schemes to map existing digital signals (PDH) into SDH payloadsignals

• Overhead channels to support standard operation, administration, maintenance, andprovisioning (OAM&P) functions

• Criteria for optical line Automatic Protection Switch (APS)

References

For more detailed information on SDH, refer to

• ITU-T Recommendation G.703, “Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchicaldigital interfaces”, October 1996

• ITU-T Recommendation G.707, “Network Node Interface For The SynchronousDigital Hierarchy (SDH)”, March 1996

• ITU-T Recommendation G.780, “Vocabulary of terms for synchronous digitalhierarchy (SDH) networks and equipment“ , November 1993

• ITU-T Recommendation G.783, “Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) Multiplexing Equipment Functional Blocks “, April 1997

• ITU-T Recommendation G.784, “Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)Management “, January 1994

• ITU-T Recommendation G.785, “Characteristics of a flexible multiplexer in asynchronous digital hierarchy environment “, November 1996

• ITU-T Recommendation G.813, “Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slaveclocks (SEC)“, August 1996

• ITU-T Recommendation G.823, “The control of jitter and wander within digitalnetworks which are based on the 2048-kbit/s hierarchy“, March 1993

• ITU-T Recommendation G.825, “The control of jitter and wander within digitalnetworks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)“, March1993

• ITU-T Recommendation G.826, “ Error performance Parameters and Objectives forInternational, Constant Bit Rate Digital Paths at or Above the Primary Rate”,February 1999

• ITU-T Recommendation G.957, “Optical interfaces for equipments and systemsrelating to the synchronous digital hierarchy“, July 1995

An SDH overview Overview

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Contents

SDH signal hierarchy A-4

SDH path and line sections A-6

SDH frame structure A-9

SDH digital multiplexing A-11

SDH interface A-13

SDH multiplexing process A-14

SDH demultiplexing process A-15

SDH transport rates A-16

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A-3

SDH signal hierarchy.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section describes the basics of the SDH hierarchy.

STM-1 Frame

The SDH signal hierarchy is based on a basic “building block” frame called theSynchronous Transport Module 1 (STM-1), as shown in“SDH STM-1 frame” (p. A-5).

The STM-1 frame has a rate of 8000 frames per second and a duration of 125microseconds

The STM-1 frame consists of 270 columns and 9 rows.

Each cell in the matrix represents an 8-bit byte.

Transmitting Signals

The STM-1 frame (STM = Synchronous Transport Module) is transmitted seriallystarting from the left with row 1 column 1 through column 270, then row 2 column 1through 270, continuing on, row-by-row, until all 2430 bytes (9x270) of the STM-1frame have been transmitted. Because each STM-1 frame consists of 2430 bytes andeach byte has 8 bits, the frame contains 19440 bits a frame. There are 8000 STM-1frames a second, at the STM-1 signal rate of 155.520.000 (19440 x 8000) kbit/s.

Three higher bit rates are also defined:

• 622.080 Mbit/s (STM-4)

• 2488.320 Mbit/s (STM-16)

• 9953.280 Mbit/s (STM-64)

• 39813.120 Mbit/s (STM-256)

The bit rates of the higher order hierarchy levels are integer multiples of the STM-1transmission rate.

An SDH overview

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SDH STM-1 frame

Section overhead (SOH)

The first nine bytes of each row with exception of the fourth row are part of the SOH(Section OverHead). The first nine byte of the fourth row contain the AU pointer (AU= Administrative Unit).

STM-1 payload

Columns 10 through 270 (the remainder of the frame), are reserved for payloadsignals.

An SDH overview SDH signal hierarchy

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SDH path and line sections.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section describes and illustrates the SDH path and line sections.

SDH layers

SDH divides its processing functions into the following three path and line sections:

• Regenerator section

• Multiplex section

• Path

These three path and line sections are associated with

• Equipment that reflects the natural divisions in network spans

• Overhead bytes that carry information used by various network elements

Equipment layers

The following table lists and defines each SDH equipment path and line section.

Path and linesections

Definition

Regenerator section A regenerator section describes the section between two networkelements. The network elements, however, do not necessarilyhave to be regenerators.

Multiplex section A multiplex section is the section between two multiplexers. Amultiplex section is defined as that part of a path where nomultiplexing or demultiplexing of the STM-N frame takes place.

Path A path is the logical signal connection between two terminationpoints.

A path can be composed of a number of multiplex sectionswhich themselves can consist of several regenerator sections.

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Path, MS and RS

The following figure illustrates the equipment path, multiplex sections and regeneratorsections in a signal path.

Overhead bytes

The following table lists and defines the overhead associated with each SDH path andline section.

Overhead bytesection

Definition

Regenerator section Contains information that is used by all SDH equipmentincluding repeaters.

Multiplex section Used by all SDH equipment except repeaters.

Path The POH contains all the additional signals of the respectivehierarchy level so that a VC can be transmitted and switchedthrough independently of its contents.

An SDH overview SDH path and line sections

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SDH frame

The following figure illustrates the SDH frame sections and its set of overhead bytes.

An SDH overview SDH path and line sections

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SDH frame structure.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section provides detailed information on the locations and functions of variousoverhead bytes for each of the following SDH path and line sections:

• Regenerator Section

• Multiplex Section

• Path

Section overhead

The following table identifies the location and function of each regenerator sectionoverhead byte.

Bytes Function

A1, A2 Frame alignment A1 =1111 0110 ; A2 =0010 1000 ; Thesefixed-value bytes are used for synchronization.

B1 BIP-8 parity test

Regenerator section error monitoring; BIP-8 :

Computed over all bits of the previous frame after scrambling; B1 isplaced into the SOH before scrambling;

BIP-X: (Bit Interleaved Parity X bits) Even parity, X-bit code;

first bit of code = even parity over first bit of all X-bit sequences;

B2 Multiplex section error monitoring; BIP-24 :

B2 is computed over all bits of the previous STM-1 frame except forrow 1 to 3 of the SOH (RSOH); B2 is computed after and placedbefore scrambling;

Z0 Spare bytes

D1 - D3 (=DCCR) D4 -D12 (= DCCM)

Data Communication Channel (network management informationexchange)

E1 Orderwire channel

E2 Orderwire channel

F1 User channel

K1, K2 Automatic protection switch

K2 MS-AIS/RDI indicator

S1 Synchronization Status Message

M1 REI (Remote Error Indication) byte

NU National Usage

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Path overhead

The Path Overhead (POH) is generated for all plesiochronous tributary signals inaccordance with ITU-T Rec. G.709. The POH provides for integrity of communicationbetween the point of assembly of a Virtual Container VC and its point of disassembly.The following table shows the POH bytes and their functions.

Byte Location and Function

J1 Path Trace Identifier byte

B3 Path Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP-8)

Provides each path performance monitoring. This byte is calculatedover all bits of the previous payload before scrambling.

C2 Signal Label

All ″0″ means unequipped; other and″00000001″ means equipped

G1 Path Status

Conveys the STM-1 path terminating status, performance, and remotedefect indication (RDI) signal conditions back to an originating pathterminating equipment.

F2, F3 User Data Channel

Reserved for user communication.

H4 Multiframe Indicator

Provides a general multiframe indicator for VC-structured payloads.

K3 VC Trail protection.

N1 Tandem connection OH

AU pointer

The AU pointer together with the last 261 columns of the STM-1 frame forms an AUG(Administrative Unit Group). An AUG may contain one AU-4 or threebyte-multiplexed AU-3s (an AU-3 is exactly one third of the size of an AU-4). AU-3sare also compatible with the SONET standard (Synchronous Optical NETwork) whichis the predecessor of SDH (and still the prevailing technology within the USA). Threebyte-multiplexed STS frames (SONET frame), each containing one AU-3 can bemapped into one STM-1.

An SDH overview SDH frame structure

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SDH digital multiplexing.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Digital multiplexing is SDH’s method of byte mapping tributary signals to a highersignal rate, which permits economical extraction of a single tributary signal without theneed to demultiplex the entire STM-1 payload. In addition, SDH provides overheadchannels for use by OAM&P groups.

SDH digital multiplexing

The following figure illustrates the SDH technique of mapping tributary signals intothe STM frames.

Transporting SDH payloads

Tributary signals are mapped into a digital signal called a virtual container (VC). TheVC is a structure designed for the transport and switching of STM payloads. There arevarious sizes of VCs: VC-11, VC-12, VC-2, VC-3, VC-4, VC-4-4C, VC-4-16C,VC-4-64C and VC-4-256C.

C-11

C-12

C-2

C-3STM-0

C-4

C-4-4C

C-4-16C

C-4-64C

C-4-256C

STM-1

STM-4

STM-16

STM-64

STM-256

VC-11

VC-12

VC-2

VC-3

VC-3

Pointer processing

Multiplexing

Aligning

Mapping

AU-3

…

VC-4

VC-4-4C

VC-4-16C

VC-4-64C

VC-4-256C

AU-4

AU-4-4C

AU-4-16C

AU-4-64C

AU-4-256C

TU-11

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

7

7

TU-12

TU-2

TU-3

TUG-2

TUG-3

AUG-1

AUG-4

AUG-16

AUG-64

AUG-256

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A-11

Table

The following table shows the mapping possibilities of some digital signals into SDHpayloads.

Input tributary Voice Channels Rate Mapped Into

1.5 Mbit/s 24 1.544 Mbit/s VC-11

2 Mbit/s 32 2.048 Mbit/s VC-12

6 Mbit/s 96 6.312 Mbit/s VC-2

34 Mbit/s 672 34.368 Mbit/s VC-3

45 Mbit/s 672 44.736 Mbit/s VC-3

140 Mbit/s 2016 139.264 Mbit/s VC-4

An SDH overview SDH digital multiplexing

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SDH interface.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This section describes the SDH interface.

Description

The SDH interface provides the optical mid-span meet between SDH networkelements. An SDH network element is the hardware and software that affects thetermination or repeating of an SDH standard signal.

SDH interface

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SDH multiplexing process.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

SDH provides for multiplexing of 2-Mbit/s (C-12) and 34-Mbit/s (C-3) signals into anSTM-1 frame.

Furthermore, multiplexing paths also exist for the SONET specific 1.5-Mbit/s, 6-Mbit/sand 45-Mbit/s signals.

Process

The following describes the process for multiplexing a 2-Mbit/s signal. The“SDHdigital multiplexing” (p. A-11)illustrates the multiplexing process.

.................................................................................................................................................................................................

1 Input 2-Mbit/s tributary is mapped

• Each VC-12 carries a single 2-Mbit/s payload.

• The VC-12 is aligned into a Tributary Unit TU-2 using a TU pointer.

• Three TU-2 are then multiplexed into a Tributary Unit Group TUG-2.

• Seven TUG-2 are multiplexed into an TUG-3.

• Three TUG-3 are multiplexed into an VC-4.

• The VC-4 is aligned into an Administrative Unit AU-4 using a AU pointer.

• The AU-4 is mapped into an AUG which is then mapped into an STM-1 frame.

.................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 After VCs are multiplexed into the STM-1 payload, the section overhead is added.

.................................................................................................................................................................................................

3 Scrambled STM-1 signal is transported to the optical stage.

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SDH demultiplexing process.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Demultiplexing is the inverse of multiplexing. This topic describes how to demultiplexa signal.

Process

The following describes the process for demultiplexing an STM-1 signal to a 2 Mbit/ssignal. The“SDH digital multiplexing” (p. A-11)illustrates the demultiplexing process.

.................................................................................................................................................................................................

1 The unscrambled STM-1 signal from the optical conversion stages is processed toextract the path overhead and accurately locate the payload.

.................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 The STM-1 path overhead is processed to locate the VCs. The individual VCs are thenprocessed to extract VC overhead and, via the VC pointer, accurately locate the2-Mbit/s signal.

.................................................................................................................................................................................................

3 The 2-Mbit/s signal is desynchronized, providing a standard 2-Mbit/s signal to theasynchronous network.

Key points

SDH STM pointers are used to locate the payload relative to the transport overhead.

Remember the following key points about signal demultiplexing:

• The SDH frame is a fixed time (125 µs) and no bit-stuffing is used.

• The synchronous payload can float within the frame. This is to permitcompensation for small variations in frequency between the clocks of the twosystems that may occur if the systems are independently timed (plesiochronoustiming).

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A-15

SDH transport rates.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Higher rate STM-N frames are built through byte-multiplexing of N STM-1 signals.

Creating higher rate signals

A STM-N signal can only be multiplexed out of N STM-1 frames with their first A1byte at the same position (i.e. the first A1 byte arriving at the same time).

STM-N frames are built through byte-multiplexing of N STM-1 signals. Not all bytesof the multiplexed SOH (size= N x SOH of STM-1) are relevant in an STM-4/16.

For example there is only one B1 byte in an STM-4/16 frame which is computed thesame way as for an STM-1. Generally the SOH of the first STM-1 inside the STM-Nis used for SOH bytes that are needed only once. The valid bytes are given in ITU-TG.707.

SDH transport rates

Designation Line rate (Mbit/s) Capacity

STM-1 155.520 1 AU-4 or 3 AU-3

STM-4 622.080 4 AU-4 or 12 AU-3

STM-16 2488.320 16 AU-4 or 48 AU-3

STM-64 9953.280 64 AU-4 or 192 AU-3

STM-256 39813.120 256 AU-4 or 768 AU-3

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Glossary

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

A ACAlternating Current

ACUAlarm Collection Unit. Radio Relay circuit pack that collects of equipment alarms,analogue measurements from internal monitoring points and calculation data.

ADMAdd-Drop Multiplexer

Administrative Unit (AU)Carrier for TUs

Administrative-Unit Pointer (AU PTR)Indicates the phase alignment of the VC-n with respect to the STM-N frame. The pointerposition is fixed with respect to the STM-N frame.

AdministratorSystem Administrator of the Element Management System (EMS).

AgentPerforms operations on managed objects and issues events on behalf of these managedobjects. All SDH managed objects will support at least one agent. Control of distantagents is possible via local “Managers”.

AlarmThe notification (audible or visual) of a significant event. See also Event.

Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)Code transmitted downstream in a digital Network that shows that an upstream failurehas been detected and also alarmed if the upstream alarm has not been suppressed. Alsocalled to as All OneS.

Alarm SeverityAn attribute that defines the priority of the alarm message. The way in which alarms areprocessed depends on the severity.

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GL-1

AligningUsing a pointer to indicate the head of a virtual container, e.g. to create anAdministrative Unit (AU) or a Tributary Unit (TU).

ALSAutomatic Laser Shutdown

Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)A line code that employs a ternary signal to convert binary digits. In this line codesuccessive binary ones are represented by signal elements that are normally ofalternately positive and negative polarity but are equal in amplitude, binary zeros arerepresented by signal elements that have zero amplitude.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)A standard 8-bit code that is used to exchange information among data processingsystems and associated equipment.

AnomalyA difference between the actual and the desired operation of a function.

ANSIAmerican National Standards Institute

APSAutomatic Protection Switching

ASAlarm Suppression assembly

AssemblyGathering together of payload data with overhead and pointer information (an indicationof the direction of the signal).

AssociationA logical connection between manager and agent through which management informationcan be exchanged.

AsynchronousSee Non-synchronous.

ATCAuxiliary Transmission Channel

ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode

ATPCAutomatic Transmit-Power Control

AUAdministrative Unit

Glossary

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AU4ADAdministrative Unit 4 Assembler/Disassembler

AUGAdministrative Unit Group

AUTOAutomatic

Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC)Reduces the power output from the transmitter during normal propagation conditions andincreases the power output to maximum during fading periods to try to maintain thenominal level of receiver input.

Autonomous MessageA message transmitted from the controlled network element to the Element ManagementSystem (EMS) that was not a response to a command that orginated in the ElementManagement System (EMS).

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

B B3ZSBipolar 3-Zero Substitution

B8ZSBipolar 8-Zero Substitution

BBTRBackplane Bus Transceiver

BCBoard Controller

BCCBoard Controller Complex

BINBINary

BIPBit-Interleaved Parity

BISDNBroadband Integrated Services Digital Network

Bit Error Ratio (BER)The ratio of bits received in error to bits sent.

Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP)A method of error monitoring that uses a specified number of bits (BIP-8)

BLD OUT LGBuild-Out Lightguide

Glossary

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GL-3

Board Controller Local Area Network (BC-LAN)The internal local area network that provides communications between the LineController circuit pack and board controllers on the circuit packs that are associated witha high-speed line.

BranchingInterconnection of independent line systems.

Broadband CommunicationVoice, data, and/or video communication at greater than 2 Mbit/s rates.

Broadband Service TransportSTM-1 concatenation transport over the SLM for ATM applications.

BUSTRBUS Transmitter and Receiver

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

C CASChannel Associated Signaling

CATCATastrophic

CCCross-Connection, Cross-Connect

CCIRSee ITU-R.

CCITTSee ITU-T.

CCSCommon Channel Signaling

CEPTConférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications

ChannelA sub-unit of transmission capacity within a defined higher level of transmissioncapacity, e.g. a CEPT-4 (140 Mbit/s) within a 565 Mbit fiber system.

CIRCommitted Information Rate

CircuitA combination of two transmission channels that permits bidirectional transmission ofsignals between two points to support a single communication.

CITCraft Interface Terminal

Glossary

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Clear Channel (Cl. Ch.)A provisionable mode for the 34 and 140 Mbit/s tributary outputs that causes parityviolations not to be monitored or corrected before the 34 and 140 Mbit/s outputs areencoded.

ClientComputer in a computer network that generally offers a user interface to a server. Seealso Server.

CMICoded Mark Inversion

COCentral Office

Co-residentA hardware configuration where the Element Management System (EMS) and ITM-NMapplications can be independently active at the same time on the same hardware andsoftware platform without interfering with each other’s functioning.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)CORBA allows applications to communicate with one another no matter where they arelocated or who has designed them.

ConcatenationA procedure whereby a multiplicity of Virtual Containers are associated with each otherwith the result that their combined capacity can be used as a single container acrosswhich bit-sequence integrity is maintained.

Configuration Management (CM)Subsystem of the Element Management System (EMS) that, among other things,configures the network and processes messages from the network.

CONN PCBConnector Printed Circuit Board

Container (C)Carries plesiochronous signal, the “payload”.

CPCircuit Pack

Craft Interface Terminal (CIT)Local manager for SDH network elements.

CRCCyclic Redundancy Check

Cross-Connect MapConnection map for an SDH network element; contains information about how signalsare connected between high speed time slots and low speed tributaries. See also SquelchMap.

Glossary

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GL-5

CTPConnection Termination Point

CVCode Violation

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

D DACScan-TSee Integrated Transport Management Network Manager.

Data Communication Channel (DCC)The embedded overhead communication channel in the SDH line. The DCC is used forend-to-end communication and maintenance. It carries alarm, control, and statusinformation between network elements in an SDH network.

Data Communication Equipment (DCE)Provides the signal conversion and coding between the data terminating equipment andthe line. The DCE may be separate equipment or a part of the data terminatingequipment.

Data Terminating Equipment (DTE)Originates data for transmission and accepts transmitted data.

Database AdministratorA user who administers the database of the Element Management System (EMS)application. See also User Privilege.

DCDirect Current

DCFData Communications Function

DCNData Communications Network

DCSDigital Cross-connect System

DDFDigital Distribution Frame

Dedicated Protection Ring (DP-Ring)A protection method used in some network elements.

Default Value ProvisioningThe original values are preprogrammed at the factory. These values can be overriddenusing local or remote provisioning.

DefectA limited interruption of the ability of an item to perform a required function. Thedefect may or may not lead to maintenance action this depends on the results of

Glossary

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additional analysis.

DemultiplexingA process applied to a multiplexed signal to recover signals combined within it andrestore the distinct individual channels of these signals.

Digital LinkA transmission span such as a point-to-point 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, VC12,VC3 or VC4 link between controlled network elements. The channels within a digitallink are insignificant.

Digital SectionA transmission span such as an STM-N or 565 Mbit/s signal. A digital section maycontain multiple digital channels.

DILDual In Line

Directory-Service Network Element (DSNE)A designated network element that is responsible for administering a database that mapsnetwork element names (node names) to addresses (node Id). There can be one DSNEper (sub)network.

DisassemblySplitting up of a signal into its constituents as payload data and overhead (an indicationof the direction of a signal).

DomainThe domain of an Element Management System (EMS) is the set of all SDH networkelements that are controlled by it.

DownstreamAt or towards the destination of the considered transmission stream, i.e. in the directionof transmission.

DPLLDigital Phase-Locked Loop

DPSData communication Packet Switch

DRDigital Radio

DRIDual-Ring Interworking

DS-nDigital Signal, Level n

DSLDigital Subscriber Line

Glossary

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GL-7

DTMFDual-Tone Multi-Frequency

Dual HomingAn STM-1/STM-4 ring with AM-1 Plus equipment can be dual homed on a ringconsisting ofMetropolis® AMU, Metropolis® ADM (Compact shelf) orWaveStar® ADM16/1. Also STM-16 rings can be dual homed with theMetropolis® AMU).

Dual-Node InterworkingDual Node Interworking (DNI) is a configuration of two ring networks that share twocommon nodes. DNI allows a circuit with one termination in one ring and onetermination in another ring to survive a loss-of-signal failure of the shared node that iscurrently carrying service for the circuit.

DUSDo not Use for Synchronization

DWDMDense-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

E EC-nElectrical Carrier, Level n

ECCEmbedded Control Channel

ECIEquipment Code Identifier

EDFEEthernet Dropped Frames Errors

EH&SEnvironmental Health and Safety

EINBEthernet Incoming Number of Mbytes

Electronic Industries Association (EIA)A trade association of the electronic industry that establishes electrical and functionalstandards.

Element Management System (EMS)See Integrated Transport Management Subnetwork Controller.

EMCElectroMagnetic Compatibility

EMIElectroMagnetic Interference

Glossary

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EONBEthernet Outgoing Number of Mbytes

EOWEngineering Order Wire

Equivalent Bit Error Ratio (EBER)The calculated average bit error rate over a data stream.

Errored Second (ES)A performance monitoring parameter.

ESEnd System

ESDElectroStatic Discharge

ESPGElastic Store & Pointer Generator

ETSIEuropean Telecommunication Standardisation Institute

EventA significant change. Events in controlled network elements include signal failures,equipment failures, signals exceeding thresholds, and protection switch activity. When anevent occurs in a controlled network element, the controlled network element willgenerate an alarm or status message and send it to the Element Management System(EMS).

Event Management (EM)Subsystem of the Element Management System (EMS) that processes and logs eventreports of the network.

Externally TimedAn operating condition of a clock in which it is locked to an external reference and usestime constants that are altered to quickly bring the local oscillator’s frequency intoapproximate agreement with the synchronization reference frequency.

Extra TrafficUnprotected traffic that is carried over the protection channels when that capacity is notused for the protection of service traffic.

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F Far End Block Error (FEBE)An indication returned to the transmitting node that an errored block has been detectedat the receiving node. A block is a specified grouping of bits.

Glossary

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Far End Receive Failure (FERF)An indication returned to a transmitting network element that the receiving networkelement has detected an incoming section failure.

FASFrame Alignment Signal

FAWFrame Alignment Word

FCFull contact Connector

FCCFederal Communications Commission

FDDIFiber Distributed Data Interface

FEPFront End Processor

Free RunningAn operating condition of a network element in which its local oscillator is not lockedto any synchronization reference and uses no storage techniques to sustain its accuracy.

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G GARPGeneric Attribute Registration Protocol

Gateway Network Element (GNE)Passes information between other network elements and management systems via a DataCommunications Network.

Gbit/sGigabits per second

Geographic LocationLocation of the Element Management System (EMS) server. the geographic location isentered as part of the installation procedure of an Element Management System (EMS).

Geographic Redundancy (GR)Allows protection of management for a network element by assigning the networkelement to two Element Management System (EMS). The first primary ElementManagement System (EMS) usually manages the Network Element and is now in theprotected domain. If the primary Element Management System (EMS) or the linkbetween the network element and the primary Element Management System (EMS) fails,the secondary Element Management System (EMS) will automatically take overmanagement of the network element and is now in the protecting domain. The twoElement Management System (EMS) are connected by a peer to peer link, which theyuse to pass Geographic Redundancy management information to each other. This link

Glossary

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must be established before any network element can be protected by GeographicRedundancy.

GFPGeneric Framing Procedure

Global Wait to Restore TimeThe time to wait before switching back to the timing reference occurs after a timing linkfailure has cleared. This time applies for all timing sources in a system hence the nameglobal. This can be between 0 and 60 minutes, in increments of one minute.

GNEGateway network element - A network element that passes information between othernetwork elements and operations systems via a data communications network.

GUIGraphical User Interface

GVRPGARP VLAN Registration Protocol (refer to“GARP” (p. GL-10))

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H HEHost Exchange

High Density Bipolar 3 code (HDB3)Line code for e.g. 2 Mbit/s transmission systems.

High level Data Link Control (HDLC)Protocol in the data-link layer of the OSI reference model.

Higher order Path Adaptation (HPA)Function that adapts a lower order Virtual Container to a higher order Virtual Containerby processing the Tributary Unit pointer which indicates the phase of the lower orderVirtual Container Path Overhead relative to the higher order Virtual-Container PathOverhead, and assembling/disassembling the complete higher order Virtual Container.

Higher order Path Connection (HPC)Function that provides for flexible assignment of higher order Virtual Containers withinan STM-N signal.

Higher order Path Termination (HPT)Function that terminates a higher order path by generating and adding the appropriateVirtual-Container Path Overhead to the relevant container at the path source andremoving the Virtual-Container Path Overhead and reading it at the path sink.

HMIHuman Machine Interface

HOHigh Order

Glossary

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HoldoverAn operating condition of a clock in which its local oscillator is not locked to anexternal reference but uses storage techniques to maintain its accuracy with respect tothe last known frequency comparison with a synchronized reference.

Host NameName of the server on which the Element Management System (EMS) is running.

HSHigh Speed

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I I/OInput/Output

ICBInterconnection Box

ICPInterConnection Panel

IECInternational Electrotechnical Committee

IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IFIntermediate Frequency

IFTInterFace Terminal

Integrated Transport Management Craft Interface Terminal (ITM-CIT)Local manager for SDH network elements in a subnetwork. Also called the to as CraftInterface Terminal.

Intermediate System (IS)A system that routes/relays management information. An SDH network element may be acombined Intermediate and end system.

IPSInter Processor Status

ISIn-Service

IS-IS RoutingThe network elements in a management network, route packets (data) between each otherusing an IS-IS level protocol. The size of a network that is running IS-IS Level 1 islimited, and therefore certain mechanisms are employed to facilitate the management oflarger networks. For STATIC ROUTING, it is possible to disable the protocol over the

Glossary

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LAN connections and thereby effectively cause the management network to bepartitioned into separate IS-IS Level 1 areas. In order for the Element ManagementSystem (EMS) to communicate with a specific network element in one of these areas,the Element Management System (EMS) must identify the Gateway networkelementthrough which this specific network element is connected to the LAN. Allpackets to this specific network element are routed directly to the Gateway networkelement by the Element Management System (EMS), before being re-routed (ifnecessary) within the Level 1 area. For DYNAMIC ROUTING an IS-IS Level 2 routingprotocol is used that allows a number of Level 1 areas to interwork. The networkelements that connect an IS-IS area to another area are set to run the IS-IS Level 2protocol within the network element and on the connection to other network elements.Packets can now be routed between IS-IS areas and the Element Management System(EMS) does not have to identify the Gateway network elements.

ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network

ISOInternational Standards Organisation

ITUInternational Telecommunications Union

ITU-RInternational Telecommunications Union - Radio standardization sector. Formerly knownas CCIR: Comité Consultatif International Radio; International Radio ConsultativeCommittee.

ITU-TInternational Telecommunications Union - Telecommunication standardization sector.Formerly known as CCITT: Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique &Téléphonique; International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee.

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J JitterShort term variations of amplitude and frequency components of a digital signal fromtheir ideal position in time.

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L LANLocal Area Network

LBALightwave Booster Amplifier.

LBOLine Build Out - An optical attenuator that guarantees the proper signal level and shapeat the receiver input.

Glossary

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LCASLink Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCNLocal Communications Network

LDILinear Drop/Insert (Add-Drop)

LEDLight Emitting Diode

LENLocal Exchange Node

LFLow Frequency

LHLong Haul

License keyAn encrypted code that is required to enable the use of specific modules in the ElementManagement System (EMS). Valid license keys can be obtained from your provider.

LineTransmission line; refers to a transmission medium, together with the associated highspeed equipment, that are required transport information between two consecutivenetwork elements, one of which originates the line signal and the other terminates theline signal.

Line Build Out (LBO)An optical attenuator that guarantees the proper signal level and shape at the receiverinput.

Link Pass Through (LPT)The LPT mode is used to enable or improve network protection schemes on equipmentwhich is external to TransLAN® systems.

LNCLiNe Controller (SLM)

LOLow Order

LOFLoss Of Frame

LOMLoss Of Multiframe

Glossary

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Loop TimingA timing mode in which the terminal derives its transmit timing from the received linesignal.

LOPLoss Of Pointer

LOSLoss Of Signal

Lower order Path Adaptation (LPA)Function that adapts a PDH signal to a synchronous network by mapping the signal intoor de-mapping the signal out of a synchronous container.

Lower order Path Connection (LPC)Function that provides for flexible assignment of lower order VCs in a higher order VC.

Lower order Path Termination (LPT)Function that terminates a lower order path by generating and adding the appropriate VCPOH to the relevant container at the path source and removing the VC POH and readingit at the path sink.

LPULine Port Unit

LRXLine Receiver

LSLow Speed

LTALine Terminal Application

LTULine Termination Unit

LTXLine Transmitter

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M MAFManagement Application Function

Management ConnectionIdentifies the type of routing used (STATIC or DYNAMIC). If STATIC is selected,Management Connection allows the gateway network element to be identified. See alsoIS-IS Routing.

Management Information Base (MIB)The database in the network element. Contains the configuration data of the networkelement. A copy of each MIB is available in the Element Management System (EMS)

Glossary

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GL-15

and is called the the MIB image. Under normal circumstances the MIB and MIB imageof one Network Element are synchronized.

ManagerIs capable of issuing network management operations and receiving events

ManagerCapable of issuing network management operations and receiving events. The Managercommunicates with the Agent in the controlled network element.

Manufacturer Executable Code (MEC)Network element system software in binary format that is downloaded to one of thestores can be executed by the system controller of the network element.

MappingGathering together of payload data with overhead, i.e. packing the PDH signal into aVirtual Container.

MDIMiscellaneous Discrete Input

MDOMiscellaneous Discrete Output

Mediation Device (MD)Allows for exchange of management information between Operations System andnetwork elements.

MEFMaintenance Entity Function (in NE)

MEMSystem MEMory unit

Message Communications Function (MCF)Function that provides facilities for the transport and routing of TelecommunicationsManagement Network messages to and from the Network Manager.

MFMediation Function

MFSMulti Frame Synchronization signal

MIBThe Management Information Base is the database in the node. The MIB contains theconfiguration data of the node. A copy of each MIB is available in the EMS and iscalled the MIB image. Under normal circumstances, the MIB and MIB image of onenode are synchronized.

MIB imageSee Management Information Base.

Glossary

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Midspan MeetThe capability to interface between two lightwave network elements of different vendors.This applies to high speed optical interfaces.

MLANMultiLAN

MMIMan-Machine Interface Also called Human Machine Interface (HMI)

MOManaged Object

MotifX-Windows System supplied by Open Software Foundation.

MSMultiplexer Section

MSOHMultiplex Section Overhead. Part of the SOH (Section Overhead). Is accessible only atline terminals and multiplexers.

MSPMultiplex Section Protection. Provides capability of switching a signal from a workingto a protection section.

MTBFMean Time Between Failures

MTBMAMean Time Between Maintenance Activities

MTIEMaximum Time Interval Error

MTPIMultiplexer Timing Physical Interface

MTTRMean Time To Repair

Multiplexer Section OverHead (MSOH)Part of the Section Overhead. Is accessible only at line terminals and multiplexers.

Multiplexer Section Protection (MSP)Provides capability of switching a signal from a working to a protection section.

Multiplexer Section Shared Protection Ring (MS-SPRING)A protection method used in multiplex line systems.

Glossary

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Multiplexer Section Termination (MST)Function that generates the Multiplexer Section Overhead in the transmit direction andterminates the Multiplexer Section Overhead in the receive direction.

Multiplexer Timing Source (MTS)Function that provides the timing reference to the relevant component parts of themultiplex equipment and represents the SDH network element clock.

MultiplexingA procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are adapted into a higherorder path, or by which the multiple higher order path layer signals are adapted into amultiplex section.

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N NENetwork element. The NE is comprised of telecommunication equipment (or groups/partsof telecommunication equipment) and support equipment that performs network elementfunctions. A Network Element has one or more standard Q-type interfaces.

NEFNetwork element function

NEMNetwork element manager

Network Element (NE)A network element is comprised of telecommunication equipment (or groups/parts oftelecommunication equipment) and support equipment that performs network elementfunctions. A Network Element has one or more standard Q-type interfaces. A networkelement ican be directly managed by a management system. See also Node.

Network Element Equivalent (NEE)The functionality, database size and processing power that are required from the ElementManagement System (EMS) are different for each type of network element that issupported. Therefore each type represents a certain amount of Network ElementEquivalent.

Network Mediation Unit (NMU)Collects fault and alarm events from transmission equipment. The Element ManagementSystem (EMS) can forward alarms to the NMU. The NMU can forward alarms to anOperations System.

Network Service Access Point (NSAP)An end system address of the System Controller according to ISO 8348 AD2. Theformat is ISO_DCC_LUCENT, which has the following structure:

NMCNetwork Maintenance Center

Glossary

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NMSNetwork Management System

NNENon-SDH network element

NNINetwork Node Interface

NodeA node or network element is defined as all equipment that is controlled by one systemcontroller.

NodeDefined as all equipment that is controlled by one system controller. A node can notalways be directly managed by a management system. See also network element.

NOMCNetwork Operation Maintenance Channel

Non-revertive switchingIn non-revertive switching, there is an active and standby high-speed line, circuit pack,etc. When a protection switch occurs, the standby line, circuit pack, etc., is selectedcausing the old standby line, circuit pack, etc., to be used for the new active line, circuitpack, etc. The original active line, circuit pack, etc., becomes the standby line, circuitpack, etc. This status remains in effect when the fault clears. Therefore, this protectionscheme is “non-revertive” in that there is no switch back to the original status in effectbefore the fault occurred.

Non-revertive switchingIn non-revertive switching there is an active and a standby high speed line, circuit pack,etc. When a protection switch occurs, the standby line, circuit pack, etc. is selectedwhich causes the old standby line, circuit pack, etc, to be used for the new active line,circuit pack, etc. The original active line, circuit pack, etc. becomes the standby line,circuit pack, etc. This status remains in effect when the faults clears. Therefore, thisprotection scheme is non-revertive in that there is no switch back to the original statusthat was in effect before the fault occurred.

Non-synchronousThe essential characteristic of timescales or signals such that their significant instants donot necessarily occur at the same average rate.

Not Protected DomainThe Not Protected Domain for the Element Management System (EMS) contains all thenetwork elements that are managed by that Element Management System (EMS) and arenot currently protected by another Element Management System (EMS). If the ElementManagement System (EMS) fails, the network elements in this domain are not managedby any Element Management System (EMS). See also Geographic Redundancy.

NPINull Pointer Indication

Glossary

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NRZNon-Return to Zero

NSANon-Service Affecting

NTUNetwork Termination Unit

NUTNon pre-emptible Unprotected Traffic

NVMNon-Volatile Memory

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O OAOptical Amplifier

OAA case toolsA software package/tool to aid the process of requirements, analysis, design andimplementation of object orientated systems.

OAM&POperations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning

OC-nOptical Carrier, Level n

ODFOptical Distribution Frame

ODUOptical Demultiplexer Unit

OFSOut of Frame Second

OIOptical Interface

OMUOptical Multiplexer Unit

OOFOut Of Frame

OOSOut Of Service

Glossary

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Operations System (OS)The Operations System is the system that provides operations, administration andmaintenance functions.

OperatorA user of the Element Management System (EMS) application with Operator privileges.

Optical Line System (OLS)A high-capacity lightwave system that is designed to multiplex eight optical signals withdifferent wavelengths into one combined signal through an optical fiber. There is adifference of 1.5 micrometer in wavelength between two multiplexed signals.

OSOperations System - A central computer-based system that is used to provide operations,administration and maintenance functions.

OSBOptical Splice Box

OSIOpen Systems Interconnection

OW(Engineering) Order Wire

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P PABXPrivate Automatic Branch eXchange

Paddle Board - Peripheral Control and Timing link (PB-PCT)A small circuit board used in a 5ESS exchange for protection switching and optical toelectrical conversion of the PCT-link.

PathA logical connection between one termination point at which a standard format for asignal at the given rate is assembled and from which the signal is transmitted, andanother termination point at which the received standard frame format for the signal isdisassembled.

Path AISPath Alarm Indication Signal - A path-level code that is sent downstream in a digitalnetwork as an indication that an upstream failure has been detected and alarmed.

Path Overhead (POH)The Virtual-Container Path Overhead provides integrity of communication between thepoint of assembly of a Virtual Container and its point of disassembly.

Path Terminating EquipmentNetwork elements in which the path overhead is terminated.

Glossary

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PCPersonal Computer

PCBPrinted Circuit Board

PCMPulse Code Modulation

PCT-linkPeripheral Control and Timing-link

PDHPlesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

Peer EMSEMS at the other end of the peer-to-peer link.

Peer to Peer linkConnection between two Element Management System (EMS)s with GeographicRedundancy. The link is used to co-ordinate the management of a network element. Seealso Geographic Redundancy.

Performance Monitoring (PM)Measures the quality of service and identifies degrading or marginally operating systems(before an alarm is generated).

PIPhysical Interface, Plesiochronous Interface

PIRPeak Information Rate

PJEPointer Justification Event

PlatformFamily of equipment and software configurations that are designed to support aparticular Application.

Plesiochronous NetworkA network that contains multiple subnetworks, each of which is internally synchronousand operates at the same nominal frequency, but the timing of any of the subnetworksmay be slightly different at any particular instant.

PLLPhase Lock Loop

PMPerformance Monitoring - Measures the quality of service and identifies degrading ormarginally operating systems (before an alarm is generated).

Glossary

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PMAPerformance Monitoring Application

PointerAn indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual container with respect tothe frame reference of the transport entity on which the Virtual Container is supported.

POTSPlain Old Telephone Service

PPPointer Processing

PPCPointer Processor and Cross-connect

Primary EMSEMS that is usually managing a network element. If the primary EMS fails, managementof the network element is passed over to the secondary EMS. A network element shouldbe provisioned normally on the primary EMS and then be configured for use on thesecondary EMS. See also Geographic Redundancy.

Primary Reference Clock (PRC)The main timing clock reference in SDH equipment.

Protected DomainThe protected domain for an EMS contains all the network elements for which thismanager is the primary EMS and which are protected by another secondary EMS. Seealso Geographic Redundancy.

Protecting DomainThe protecting domain for an EMS contains all the network elements for which thismanager is the secondary EMS. See also Geographic Redundancy.

ProtectionExtra capacity (channels, circuit packs) in transmission equipment that is not intended tobe used for service, but rather to serve as backup against equipment failures.

ProvisioningAssigning a value to a system parameter.

PSAPartially Service Affecting

PSDNPublic Switched Data Network

PSFPower Supply Filter

PSNPacket-Switched Network

Glossary

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PSTNPublic Switched Telephone Network

PTProtected Terminal Power-supply filter and Timing circuit pack

PVIDPort VLAN ID

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Q Q-LANThin Ethernet LAN (10BaseT) that connects the manager to gateway network elementsso that management information can be exchanged between network elements andmanagement systems.

QAFQ-Adapter Function (in NE)

QOSQuality Of Service

Quality Level (QL)The quality of the timing signal(s) that are provided to clock a network element. Thelevel is provided by the Synchronization Status Marker which can accompany the timingsignal. If the System and Output Timing Quality Level mode is “Enabled”, and if thesignal selected for the Station-Clock Output has a quality level below the AcceptanceQuality Level, the network element “squelches” the Station-Clock Output Signal, whichmeans that no signal is forwarded at all. Possible levels are: - PRC (Primary ReferenceClock) - SSU_T (Synchronization Supply Unit - Transit) - SSU_L (SynchronizationSupply Unit - Local) - SEC (SDH Equipment Clock) - DUS (Do not Use forSynchronization).

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R RARegenerator Application

Radio Protection Switching system (RPS)The main function of the RPS is to handle the automatic and manual switching from amain channel to a common protection channel in an N+1 system.

Radio Relay (RR)A point-to-point Digital Radio system to transport STM-1 signals via microwaves.

RCURigid Connect Unit

RDDURCVR Data Distribution Unit

RDIRemote Defect Indicator. Previously known as Far End Receive Failure (FERF).

Glossary

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RDIRing Drop/Insert (Add-Drop)

RDSVRunning Digital Sum Violations

Receive-directionThe direction towards the cross-connect.

REGENRegenerator

Regenerator LoopLoop in a network element between the Station Clock Output(s) and one or both StationClock Inputs, which can be used to dejitterize the selected timing reference in networkapplications.

Regenerator Overhead Controller (ROC)SLM circuit pack that provides user access to the SDH overhead channels at repeatersites.

Regenerator Section Termination (RST)Function that generates the Regenerator Section Overhead (RSOH) in the transmitdirection and terminates the RSOH in the receive direction.

REIRemote Error Indication. Previously known as Far End Block Error (FEBE).

Relay Unit (RU)Radio Relay circuit pack whose main function is to perform protection switching whenthe Alignment Switch in the demodulator unit is unable to perform protection switching.

Restore TimerCounts down the time (in minutes) during which the switch waits to let the worker linerecover before switching back to it. This option can be set to prevent the protectionswitch continually switching if a line has a continual transient fault. This field is greyedout if the mode is non-revertive.

Revertive SwitchingIn revertive switching, there is a working and protection high speed line, circuit pack,etc. When a protection switch occurs, the protection line, circuit pack, etc. is selected.When the fault clears, service reverts back to the original working line.

RFRadio Frequency

RFIRemote-Failure Indicator

RGUReGenerator Unit

Glossary

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RouteA series of contiguous digital sections.

RPSRing Protection Switching

RSOHRegenerator-Section OverHead; part of the SOH.

RZReturn to Zero

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S SAService Affecting Synchronous Adapter

SAIStation Alarm Interface

SCSquare coupled Connector

SDSignal Degrade

SDHSynchronous Digital Hierarchy. Definition of the degree of control of the various clocksin a digital network over other clocks.

SDH-TESDH - Terminal Equipment

SECSDH Equipment Clock

Secondary EMSBackup EMS for a network element should the primary EMS fail. A network elementshould be provisioned normally on the primary EMS and then be configured for use onthe secondary EMS. See also Geographic Redundancy.

SectionA transport entity in the transmission media layer that provides integrity of informationtransfer across a section layer network connection by means of a termination function atthe section layer.

Section Adaptation (SA)Function that processes the AU-pointer to indicate the phase of the VC-3/4 POH relativeto the STM-N SOH and assembles/disassembles the complete STM-N frame.

Section Overhead (SOH)Capacity added to either an AU-4 or to an assembly of AU-3s to create an STM-1.Always contains STM-1 framing and can contain maintenance and operational functions.

Glossary

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SOH can be subdivided into MSOH (multiplex section overhead) and RSOH (regeneratorsection overhead).

SEFSupport Entity Function (in NE)

Self-healingA network’s ability to automatically recover from the failure of one or more of itscomponents.

ServerComputer in a computer network that performs dedicated main tasks that requiregenerally sufficient performance. See also Client.

ServiceThe operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is providingservice. This designation will change with each switch action.

Severely Errored Frame Seconds (SEFS)A performance monitoring parameter.

Severely Errored Second (SES)A second that has a binary error ratio. SES is used as a performance monitoringparameter.

SeveritySee Alarm Severity

SFPSmall Form-Factor Pluggable Optics

SHShort Haul

SISynchronous Interface

SIBSubrack Interface Box

SLCSubscriber Loop Carrier

SLMSignal Label Mismatch

Smart Communication Channel (SCC)An HDLC messaging channel between the SDH-TE and the 5ESS host node. Similar tothe DCC messaging channels that are located in the STM-N section overhead.

SMLService Management Level

Glossary

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GL-27

SMNSDH Management Network

SMSSDH Management Subnetwork

SNC/ISubNetwork Connection (protection) / Inherent monitoring

SNC/NISubNetwork Connection / Non Intrusive monitoring

SNRSignal to Noise Ratio

Soft WindowsPC emulator package for HP platforms.

SOHSection Overhead. Capacity added to either an AU-4 or to an assembly of AU-3s tocreate an STM-1. Always contains STM-1 framing and can contain maintenance andoperational functions. SOH can be subdivided in MSOH (Multiplex Section OverHead)and RSOH (Regenerator Section OverHead).

SONETSynchronous Optical Network

Space Diversity (SD)Reception of the Radio signal via mirror effects on Earth.

SPB2MSubrack Protection for 2 Mbit/s Board

Specification and Design Language (SDL)This is a standard formal language for specifying (essentially) finite state machines.

SPISDH Physical Interface Synchronous-Plesiochronous Interface

Squelch MapTraffic map for SLM Add-Drop Multiplexer network elements that contains informationfor each cross-connection in the ring and indicates the source and destination networkelements for the low-speed circuit to which the cross-connection belongs. Thisinformation is used to prevent traffic misconnection in rings that have isolated networkelements or segments. See also Cross-Connect Map.

SSMSynchronization Status Marker

StandbyThe operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is not providingservice, but standby. This designation changes with each switch action.

Glossary

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StandbyThe operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is not providingservice but is on standby. This designation will change with each switch action.

Station Clock Input (SCI)An external clock may be connected to a Station Clock Input.

Station Clock Output (SCO)A clock signal that can be used for other systems.

STMSynchronous Transport Module Building block of SDH.

STMSynchronous Transport Module building block of SDH

STPSpanning Tree Protocol

Stretched Ring (STRING)An open ring in which each node is an Add-Drop Multiplexer. The end nodes operatewith one equipped high-speed line.

STSSynchronous Transport Signal; used in SONET.

STVRPSpanning Tree with VPN Registration Protocol

SubnetworkA group of interconnected/interrelated network elements. The most common connotationis an SDH network in which the network elements have Data Communications Channels(DCC) connectivity.

SupervisorA user of the EMS application with Supervisor privileges. See also User Privilege.

Supervisory Unit (SU)Radio Relay circuit pack that gives comprehensive supervision and control facilities tothe user by collecting information from the Alarm Collection Units and Alarm AdapterUnits.

SVCEService

Synchronization Supply Unit (SSU)A circuit pack that recovers and reshapes the clock signal in order to filter out jitter.Local (SSU_L) and Transit (SSU_T) types are available.

SynchronousThe essential characteristic of time-scales or signals such that their correspondingsignificant instants occur at precisely the same average rate.

Glossary

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Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)A hierarchical set of digital transport structures that is standardized for the transport ofsuitably adapted payloads over transmission networks.

Synchronous Equipment Management Function (SEMF)Function that converts performance data and implementation-specific hardware alarmsinto object-oriented messages for transmission over the DCC and/or the Q-interface. TheSEMF also converts object-oriented messages that are related to other managementfunctions so that they can pass across the S reference points.

Synchronous Line Multiplexer (SLM)A line multiplexer that is designed to multiplex VC-4 and STM-1 tributary port signalsinto STM-16 line port signals.

Synchronous NetworkThe synchronization of synchronous transmission systems with synchronous payloads toa master Network clock that can be traced to a single reference clock.

Synchronous Transport Module (STM)The information structure that is used to support (section layer) connections in SDH.

System AdministratorA user of the computer system on which the EMS application can be installed. See alsoUser Privilege.

System Controller (CTL)ISM circuit pack that controls the configuration of an Intelligent SynchronousMultiplexer system.

System Controller (SC)A circuit pack that controls and provisions all units. It also contains the datacommunication packet switch functionality that is necessary for routing of managementinformation between network elements and their management system.

System Controller (STC)SLM Add-Drop Multiplexer network element circuit pack that provides the highest levelof system control for the Synchronous Line Multiplexer system. The STC circuit packprovides overall administrative control of the system. The STC memory is provided bythe MEM circuit pack.

System Controller (SYSCTL)OLS circuit pack that provides the highest level of system control for the Optical LineSystem. The SYSCTL circuit pack provides overall administrative control of the system.The SYSCTL memory is provided by the SYSMEM circuit pack.

System Memory Unit (MEM)SLM Add-Drop Multiplexer network element circuit pack that provides the highest levelof system control for the Synchronous Line Multiplexer system. The MEM circuit packprovides memory support for the System Controller (STC) circuit pack.

Glossary

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365-312-847R3.0Issue 3, June 2006

System Memory Unit (SYSMEM)OLS circuit pack that provides the highest level of system control for the Optical LineSystem. The SYSMEM circuit pack provides memory support for the SYSCTL circuitpack.

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

T TCAThreshold Crossing Alarm

TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDEVTiming DEViation

TDMTiming Division Multiplexing

TemplateA collection of parameters that define a specific network element configuration. Atemplate gives the user the opportunity to configure parameters in a network elementwith a single operation. The template is re-usable and allow the user to configure theparameters in many Network Elements in the same way. A set of default templates isprovided, and the user can create new templates and edit or delete user-created ones.Note that a template is always associated with one specific network element type andcan not be used for other network element types.

TERMTerminal Multiplexer

TGUTiming Generator Unit

TITiming Interface

TLMTeLeMetry Unit

TLPTerminal with Line Protection

TMNTelecommunications Management Network

TPU-PCTTributary Port Unit - Peripheral Control and Timing link

TPU155Tributary port Unit 155 Mbit/s

Glossary

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GL-31

TPU2Tributary port Unit 2 Mbit/s

Transmit-directionThe direction outwards from the cross-connect.

Trellis Code ModulationA combined coding and modulation scheme for improving the reliability of a digitaltransmission system without increasing the transmitted power or the required bandwidth.

TRFTRansFer unit

TributaryA signal of a specific rate (2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, VC12, VC3, VC4, STM-1or STM-4) that may be added to or dropped from a line signal.

Tributary Overhead Controller (TOC)SLM circuit pack that allows access to the overhead bytes of the incoming tributarysignal.

Tributary Overhead Controller (TOHCTL)OLS circuit pack that allows access to the overhead bytes of the Supervisory channel.

Tributary Unit (TU)An information structure that provides adaptation between the lower order path layer andthe higher path layer. Consists of a VC-n plus a tributary unit pointer TU PTR.

Tributary Unit Pointer (TU PTR)Indicates the phase alignment of the VC with respect to the TU in which it resides. Thepointer position is fixed with respect to the TU frame.

TSATime Slot Assignment

TSITime Slot Interchange

TTPTrail Termination Point

TUGTributary Unit Group

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

U UASUnAvailable Seconds

ULDTUltra Long Distance Transmission

Glossary

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365-312-847R3.0Issue 3, June 2006

Unavailable SecondsA performance monitoring parameter.

Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)Allows connected computer equipment to gracefully shutdown and therefore preventsdamage in the case of a power failure. Also absorbs dips in the power supply.

Universal Co-ordinated Time (UTC)An indication of the time of an event that is independent of the time-zone in which theevent occurred. The local time can be calculated from the Universal Co-ordinated Time.

UpgradeAn upgrade is the addition of new capabilities (feature). An upgrade requires newsoftware and may require new hardware.

UPLUser PaneL

UpstreamAt or towards the source of the considered transmission stream, i.e. in the direction thatis opposite to the direction of transmission.

User PrivilegeA permission of a user that allows to perform actions on the computer system on whichthe EMS application runs. There are the following different types of users:

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

V ValueA number, text string, or other menu selection that is associated with a parameter.

VCATVirtual Concatenation

VFVoice Frequency

Virtual Container (VC)Container with a path overhead.

VLANVirtual LAN

VPNVirtual Privat Network

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

W Wait to Restore Time (WRT)The time to wait before switching back after a failure has cleared in a revertiveprotection scheme. This time can be between 0 and 15 minutes, in increments of oneminute.

Glossary

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GL-33

WANWide Area Network

WanderLong term variations of amplitude frequency components (below 10 Hz) of a digitalsignal from their ideal position in time. Wander can result in buffer problems at areceiver.

WDMWavelength Division Multiplexing

What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG)Information as displayed on the screen will appear in the same way on printed output.

Wideband CommunicationsVoice, data, and/or video communication at digital rates from 64 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s.

WindowsGraphical User Interface on PC systems.

WorkingLabel attached to a physical entity. Inthe case of revertive switching the working line orunit is the entity that carry service under normal operation. In the case of non-revertiveswitching this label has no particular meaning.

WSWorkStation

WSFWork Station Facility

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

X X-TerminalWorkstation that can support an X-Windows interface

XMTRTransmitter

XSUXMTR Switch Unit

Glossary

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Index

A AC/DC converter,1-7, 2-9, 2-9

Acknowledged InformationTransfer Service

AITS, 5-5

Add/Drop, A-1

Application

Dual ring closure,3-8

Dual-Homed Ring,3-6

Folded Ring,3-4

GSM, 3-16

IP Tunneling,3-14

Linear, 3-2

Linear Extension,3-7, 3-7

Ring, 3-5

Applications,1-8

AU Pointer, A-10

Auto-negotiation,2-16, 2-16

.............................................................

C CIC

Customer InformationCenter,7-2

Circuit packs

fit rates, 9-11

Connectivity,10-5

Conventions,xv

course

registration,8-11

suitcase, arranging,8-11

suitcasing,8-11

cross-connections,2-11

CTP, 5-3

.............................................................

D DCC channel,3-14

Digital Subscriber Line

DSL, 1-4, 2-5

Document conventions,xv

documentation

numbers,xvi

set; manuals,xvi

DS-3, 10-3

DS1, 3-5, 5-2, 5-3, 6-2, 9-12,10-3, 10-5

DS3, 3-5, 5-2, 5-3, 6-2, 9-12,10-5

.............................................................

E E1, 3-7, 5-3, 6-2, 10-3, 10-5,10-5

E2, 10-6

E3, 3-5, 5-2, 5-3, 6-2, 9-12,10-3, 10-5

ED

Engineering Drawing,7-2

Engineering orderwire

EOW, 2-7

Engineering orderwire (EOW),1-7

engineering service,8-4

equipment,2-23

Equipment protection,10-5

Ethernet interface,2-5

Ethernet over SDH

EoS, 2-14, 2-19

.............................................................

F Fast download,5-3, 5-3

Features and benefits,2-1

FIT, 9-12, 9-12, 9-12, 9-13

Front view, 4-5

.............................................................

G Generic framing procedure,2-19

Generic Framing Procedure

GFP, 2-14

Generic framing procedure

GFP, 2-19

GFP encapsulation

VC12–Xv, 2-19

VC3–Xv, 2-19

GFP/EoS,10-5, 10-5

.............................................................

I IMF

infant mortality factor,9-9

IMR

infant mortality rate,9-9

installation service,8-2

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IN-1

interface

Ethernet,2-5

Interface

F, 10-10

ISDN, 10-3

LAN, 10-4, 10-4, 10-4

Q-LAN, 3-14, 4-3, 10-10

Supervision,10-10

interface

transmission,2-4

Interface

Tributary, 10-3

inventory, 2-23

ITM-CIT, 3-5, 4-3, 5-2, 5-2,5-2, 5-2, 5-2, 5-2, 5-3, 5-3,6-2, 10-10

ITU-T, A-1

.............................................................

L LAPS encapsulation,2-19

LCAS, 2-17

Line Termination Unit

LTU, 1-4, 2-5

Link Access Procedure SDH

LAPS, 2-19

Link Access Procedure SDH(LAPS), 2-14

Link capacity adjustmentscheme

LCAS, 2-14

Link capacity adjustmentscheme (LCAS),2-17

Link pass through LPT,2-18

Loopback

Cross-connect,1-7, 5-3

Loopbacks,5-3

LPT, 2-18

LWS

Lucent TechnologiesWorldwide Services,8-4

.............................................................

M MAC, 10-5

maintenance service,8-6

Maintenance tier

first, 2-28

second,2-28

Mapping, 10-5, 10-5

MDI, 1-7, 4-4, 5-1, 5-2, 5-4,6-3, 10-10

MDO, 1-7, 4-4, 5-4, 5-4, 6-3,6-3, 10-10

Miscellaneous discrete input

MDI, 2-8

Miscellaneous discrete output

MDO, 2-8

MSP Protection,1-4, 1-4, 1-4,1-7, 3-2

MTBF, 9-12, 9-12, 9-12, 9-13

Mean Time BetweenFailures,9-9

Multiplex Section Protection

MSP, 2-12

.............................................................

N Network Termination Unit

NTU, 1-4, 2-5

.............................................................

O OMS, 5-2

Operations Interfaces

F interface,2-8

Q interfaces,2-8

User-settable miscellaneousdiscrete,2-8

.............................................................

P path overhead,A-9

Performance Monitoring,1-7,5-1, 10-10

Ethernet,5-3, 10-11

SDH, 5-3

Plesiochronous DigitalHierarchy (PDH),A-1

POH, 5-3, 10-6, 10-7, 10-7

Power supply,4-4, 6-3, 10-8,10-8

product

development,9-4

Product description,4-1

.............................................................

Q Quality and reliability,9-3

quality policy, 9-3

.............................................................

R re-timing

2 Mbit/s/1.5 Mbit/stributary, 2-26

Reliability, 9-10

and service availability,9-11

reliability

product,9-3

Reliability

specifications,9-11

.............................................................

S SDH, A-1

section overhead,A-9

Single-pair High-speed DSL

SHDSL, 2-5

Small Form Factor Pluggable

SFP,2-4

SNC/N Protection,1-4, 1-4,1-4, 1-7, 10-5

Software Release Description,xviii

SOH, 5-3, 10-6

SRD, xviii

Index

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IN-2 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page

365-312-847R3.0Issue 3, June 2006

Standards compliance,2-1

STCLK, 10-6

STM-1 frame,A-4

STM-1 tributary,3-5, 3-8

Subnetwork ConnectionProtection (SNCP),2-12

SYNC-OUT, 4-3

Synchronization,2-25, 4-3, 6-2,10-5

configurations,2-25

status message support,2-26

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH), A-1

Synchronous Transport Module1 (STM-1), A-4

System overview,1-1

.............................................................

T T3, 4-9

Timing, 2-25

training, 8-11

TransLAN™, 9-12

transmission interface,2-4

Transmission protection,2-12

TSS

Technical Support Service,8-8

TTP, 5-3

.............................................................

U Unacknowledged InformationTransfer Service

UITS, 5-5

.............................................................

X X.21, 3-5, 5-2

X4IP-V2, 9-12, 10-5

Index

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IN-3

Documents

Metropolis® AMU Release 1.0 through 3.0 Applications and