OPTICAL PYROMETRY –

RADIATIVE PROPERTIES

SFERA Summer School 2010 June

12 Daniel HERNANDEZ PROMES –CNRS France

daniel.hernandez@promes.cnrs.fr

METROLOGY OF THERMAL RADIATION

1.

BASIC DEFINITIONS-

Thermal radiation

-

Thermo-radiative properties-

Optical Pyrometry

2. SOLAR BLIND MEASUREMENTS - Principles-

Studies Exemples

3.

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS-

Apparatus and methods

-

Two colour Pyroreflectometry-

Studies Exemples

ABOUT TEMPERATURE

Temperature is a subjectif concept based

on cold and hot sensation

Temperature is an intensive value

Temperature is measured through

a temperature scale

: IST 90

Temperature is a one more measured parameterand most of other are depending

…

T (K) Elem. State Inst.

.3 à 5 He V 1 et 213.8033 e-H2 T 2 et 3

17 e-H2 V 2 et 320.3 e-H2 V 2 et 3

24.5561 Ne T 2 et 354.3584 O2 T 383.8058 Ar T 3234.3156 Hg T 3273.16 H2 O T 3302.9146 Ga F 3429.7485 In C 3505.078 Sn C 3692.677 Zn C 3933.473 Al C 31234.93 Ag C 3 et 41337.33 Au C 41357.77 Cu C 4

°C = K –273.15 K

V

: Pt. of vapor

pression F

: Fusion 1

: Ther. He vapor

pression 2

: Ther. He gas

pressionT

: Pt. triple C

: Freezing 3: Ther. Pt resistance 4

: Optical pyrometry

Adiabatique

A

B

CD

P

V

Isotherme T2

Isotherme T1

CARNOT CYCLE ON A PERFECT GAS

))(

( 12

1

2

TfT

QQ f

−=

ITS &

THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE

TaTf =)(

ITS 90

Sir W. Thomson -> Lord Kelvin 1852 FIRST DEFINITION OF MEASURABLE T

THEORY OF GAS KINETICTemperature is linked

to molecule or particle movements

Cosmics Rays

γ

rays X rays Radio

wavesInfraredVisibleUV

0.001A 1A 0.1.µm 1mm 100km0.4µm 0.75µm

10e8 10e4 10e2 3 1.7 10e-3eV

λ

10e-12

UV VISIBLE NIR MIR LIR

0.1 0.4 0.75 1.5 20 1000λ µm

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

THERMAL RADIATION

Quantum mechanics

-

Quantum hν

Max Planck 1858-1947

THERMAL RADIATION is ENERGY

( )⎥⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡

⎟⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜⎜

⎝

⎛−⎟⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛= 1), exp

251 TOC

T CI λλπλ

cC h 21 2=khcC /2=

= 3.7415.10-16

W.m2

sr-1

= 1.4388.10-2

mKFundamental

Excited

AbsorptionEmission νE=h

c : Ligth celerity in vacuumh

: Planck constantk : Boltzmann

constant

Temperature is linked to thermal radiation

The Blackbody is

the

reference

source for Thermal Radiation

Definition: Total absorption of thermal radiationProperty: Emission follows Planck Law and it is isotropic

THERMAL RADIATION and

BLACKBODY

Isothermal Planck curvesIsochromatic

Planck curves

λλλ mm 55,0

Réflexion

Transmission

Emission

T Excité

FondamentalAbsorptionνE=h

ρ

ε

τα

Réflexion

Transmission

Emission

T Excité

FondamentalAbsorptionνE=h

ρ

ε

τα

Réflexion

Transmission

Emission

T Excité

FondamentalAbsorptionνE=h

Réflexion

Transmission

Emission

T Excité

FondamentalAbsorption

Réflexion

Transmission

Emission

T Excité

FondamentalAbsorption

Réflexion

Transmission

Emission

T Excité

FondamentalAbsorptionνE=hνE=h

ρ

ε

τα

THERMAL RADIATION AND REAL BODY

Emission

II Ojj εrr

=

Interaction Material-Thermal Radiation

Energy

Conservation

α+ρ+τ = 1

0 2 4 6 8 100,00E+000

1,00E+009

2,00E+009

3,00E+009

4,00E+009

Real Body at 2000°C

Grey Body ε = 0.75 at 2000°C

Black Body at 2000°C

µm

I°(λ,T): Wm- 3Sr- 1

EMISSION of REAL BODY

( )),(),(,

λλλε T

TTII

O

jj

rr

= PARTICULAR PROPERTIESisotropic

grey

body

),( λε T)(Tjε

r

EMISSION AND PROPERTIES

DIRECTIONAL DEPENDENT

T

Emissivity

INTERTACTION MAT. THER. RADIATION

T

ΦiΦr

Φa Φt

TT

ΦiΦr

Φa Φt

ΦiΦr

Φa Φt

AbsorptivityΦΦ=

λ

λλα,

2,

2

),(i

aj

ddT

r

ReflectivityΦΦ=∩

λ

λλρ,

2,

2,

),(i

rj

ddT

r

TransmitivityΦΦ=

λ

λλτ,

2,

2

),(i

tj

ddT

r

Radiative PropertiesParticularity of the reflection:

directional hemispherical

Ω=

ii

i

jiji

DF dT

II

)cos()()(),(

,,

.. θρ

λλλ r

rrrr

Bidirectional reflectivity or B.R.D.F.

∫ Ω= Irr

Ir

jj

ji

DF

idTT )cos(),(),(

,

..

,

θρρ λλ

),(),(,

..

,λπλ ρρ TT ji DF

irrr

=∩

∞+→),(,

..λρ Tji DF

rr

Isotropic Reflexion Specular Reflexion

Sr-1

dS

)(λLir

)(, λL jirr

Ωid r

),( ϕθ iii rrr

),( ϕθ jjj rrr

Ω jd r

nr

T

xr

yr

θ iθ j

ϕ i ϕ j

RADIATIVE PROPERTIES RELATIONS

1),(),(),(,

=++∩

λλλ τρα TTT jjj

rrr

1),(),(,

=+∩

λλ ρα TTjjrr

),(),( λλ εα TTjjrr

=

),(1),(,

λλ ρα TTjj ∩−=rr

),(),(,

..

,

..λλ ρρ TT ij DF

ji

DF

rrrr

=

),(),(,,

λλ ρρ TT ii isorr

∩=∩

TT

AbsoptionEmission

Transmission

Reflection

1st

Kirchoff Law 2nd

Kirchoff or Draper law Helmholtz reciprocity

Opaque Material Opaque Material

OEIL Optique

Optique Filtre gris SOURCE

Filtre RougeImage Source

Filament Circuit à résistance variable

PYROMETRE A DISPARITION DE FILAMENT

0.65µm

Tf < Ts Tf = Ts Tf >Ts

PYROMETRY PRINCIPLE

( )λλ ,),( TIkTS O=Calibration

Measure on a Real Body

),(),()(),(),( , λλλλ ελ TTTkT IkTIkIS Oj

R

Ojjrrr

===TT R λ,≥

( )⎥⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡

⎟⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜⎜

⎝

⎛⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛= exp

251), TOC

T CL λλπλ)),(ln(11

2,

λλ ελ

TjR CTT

r

+=µmKT 14400

PYROMETER ARCHITECTURE

Emission

OpticalComponents

Δλ

O.F.

Split

Miror

Lens

Diaphragm

Filter

Detection

ModulatorReference

µm

Detectivity

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14108

109

1010

1011

1012

InGaAs-Ge

PbS

InSb-HgCdTe-PbTe 77K

Si

InAs InSb 200K

PbSe HgCdTe 196K

HgCdTe 77K

Golley 77K

PyroelectricBolometer

Thermopile

( )λλ ,),( TIkTS O=

),(),()(),(),( , λλλλ ελ TTTkT IkTIkIS Oj

R

Ojjrrr

===

Calibration TT R λ,≥

LAB APPARATUS-

RADIANCE TEMP.

Blackbodies

Spectro-radiometer

Pyrometer

Reflection Transmission

REALITY OF THE MEASURE

⎥⎥

⎦

⎤

⎢⎢

⎣

⎡++= ∫∫ ∫∫

I I

rr

r r

II rrr

r

rrrr

i i

i

ii

ii

iojj

to

j dTdCosjiDF

TTaT IITIS ),()(, ..),(),())((),( ),(.. λλλλλ τθλρετ

?

Emission

HamperingDilemma

Losses

REFLECTED RADIATION HAMPERING

∫Ω ΩΩ p pdTjsIpCRaG iiSp )cos(),,(

,)()()()( 2 θθλρθλλλλτr

Concentration

Sun Intensity

Atmosphera transmission Sample

Reflectivity

Sun solid angleParabola geometrical parameter Reflectance

( )[ ]θθπ 022 sinsin1 −= MpG

10000

ParabolaSolid angle

ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF SOLAR-BLINDTEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN SOLAR FURNACES

JSE 2004 Vol 126/645-653

Blackbody condition ρ

= 0

Chromatic occultation

τa

(λ) = 0 or τw

(λ) = 0

Temporary occultationIs

(λ)

= 0

SOLAR BLIND TECHNICS

60°

9°

7

43

6

12

5

SOLAR BLIND EXPERIMENTS

SPECTRAL SOLAR BLIND BANDS

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0 4.3µm2.7µm

1.9µm1.4µm

6µm

CO2

H2O

λ (µm)

τa(λ)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

λ (µm)

η(λ)

R(λ)

R(λ) & η(λ)

η(λ) = τa (λ) R2(λ)

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,00,00E+000

5,00E+012

1,00E+013

1,50E+013

2,00E+013

2,50E+013

3,00E+013

3,50E+013

Terrestrial

Spatial

µm

L(λ,T) (Wm-3sr-1)

SPECTRAL SOLAR BLIND ERRORS

2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,00,00E+000

5,00E+011

1,00E+012

1,50E+012

9

T

E

87

6

τ(λ)

λ µm

W/(m3sr)

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

1,30 1,35 1,40 1,45 1,50 1,55 1,60 1,65 1,70 1,75 1,80 1,85 1,90 1,95 2,000,00E+000

1,00E+012

2,00E+012

3,00E+012

4,00E+012

5,00E+012

6,00E+012W/(m3sr)

λ µm

τ(λ)

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

T

E

5

41

3

2

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150,00E+000

2,00E+009

4,00E+009

6,00E+009

8,00E+009

1,00E+010

1,20E+010

10

T

E

λ µm

τ(λ)W/(m3sr)

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 30000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

3.9µm

1.38 & 1.4µm with Δλ=10nm

Error °C

T °C

1.86µm

8-12µm

1.4µm with Δλ=45nm1.6µm

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0 4.3µm2.7µm

1.9µm1.4µm

6µm

CO2

H2O

λ (µm)

τa(λ)

4

2

3

5

710

SOLAR BLIND WINDOWS

0 20 40 60 80 1000,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

No

Window

Window

No insolated

InsolatedS=f(I)

t(s)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0τ(λ)

µm

Quartz transmission

Water cooled target

Quartzwindow

Hole

formeasure

SOLAR BLIND CONDITIONS

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2

Extrapolation

6

5

43

11

Eclairement

Occultation

Tf

s

0 100 200 300 400 500 6001200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300T °C W

t en s1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150,00,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,91,0

2360 K

2360 K

2235 K

2235 K1845 K

1845 K

Al2O3spectral emissivity

µm

Solar experimental methods for observing melting plateaux

and associated temperature measurements for refractory oxides from 2000 to 3000 degrees C / JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY V:26 P: 1043-1049, 2006

1.4 µm

8-9 µm

Reflexion Transmission

REALITY OF THE MEASURE

⎥⎥

⎦

⎤

⎢⎢

⎣

⎡++= ∫∫ ∫∫

I I

rr

r r

II rrr

r

rrrr

i i

i

ii

ii

iojj

to

j dTdCosjiDF

TTaT IITIS ),()(, ..),(),())((),( ),(.. λλλλλ τθλρετ

?

Emission

Dilemma

APPARATUS AND METHODS

MONOCHOMATIC PYROMETER BI CHROMATIC PYROMETER

SPECTRO RADIOMETERINFRARED CAMERA

1

MONOCHROMATIC PYROMETRY2 BICOLOR PYROMETRY

3 UV PYROMETRY4 MULTI-COLOR PYROMETRY

5 ACTIVE PYROMETRY6 CHRISTIANSEN POINT PYROMETRY

7 PYRO LASER8 BICOLOR PYROREFLECTOMETRY

),(),(),(),(

)(

)(

),(

),(

,,

,,

λλελλε

λλ

λλ

λλ

b

O

b

jr

O

r

j

CO

CO

b

jr

j

TTTT

T

T

LL

TLTL

LL

br

br r

r

r

r

== Grey Body assumption

Measurements at

0,3µm : photomultiplicators

).exp( 10 λε λ aa += Measurements at several wavelengths

Determination of through

T incrementation with controled laser flux( )λα ,Tjr

2

3

4

5

)),(ln(112,

λλ ελ

TjR CTT

r

+=

1 ),(),()(),( , λλλ ελ TTT LTLL OjLOjrr

== Emissivity assumption

Industrial

Lab

CHRISTIANSEN METHOD

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Nor

mal

spe

ctra

l Ref

lect

ivity

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150,00,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,91,0

2360 K

2360 K

2235 K

2235 K1845 K

1845 K

Al2O3spectral emissivity

µm

6

Limited

to pure dielectrics materials

The method need a preliminary lab. studies

Choise of a pyrometer with adapted wavelength

Lab method

2

3

Traverse,Foex, Badie

: 1976

COMMERCIAL VERSION ‘Pyrolaser’

LIMITATED TO LAMBERTIAN SURFACE

PYROREFLECTOMETRY

Reflective reference

Visible laser SpotHot Sample

Hot Sample + Laser Spot

1 2 3

1 MESURE ON Reflective Reference

2 MESURE OF EMISSION

3 MESURE OF EMISSION + REFLECTION

7

FIRST WORKS : OPTICAL DETECTION

( )[ ] ),(),(),(),(),( ,, 00 λλλλλ ρρ TTDDD oooRoERE jTTTjII

rr

−= +

),()),(1(),(),()(),(,

,000 λλλλλ ρελ TTjTTjTj LLTLL OOROI

rrr−===

Industrial

Detector

Laser

Sample

IntegratingSphere

TWO COLOR

PYROREFLECTOMETRY

dS

)(λLir

)(, λL jirr

Ωid r

),( ϕθ iii rrr

),( ϕθ jjj rr

r

Ω jd r

nr

T

xr

yr

θ iθ j

ϕ i ϕ j

8

ir j

r

T

FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTION

Same indicatrix of reflected

fluxesfor two near wavelengths λr and λb with

:

),()(,

..

,

.. , λρλρ bji

DFr

ji

DFTT

rrrr

≠

Condition no so restrictive as grey or diffuse one

Indicatrix of reflexion

Industrial

TWO COLOUR PYROREFLECTOMETRY

),()),(1(),(),()(),(,

,000 λλλλλ ρελ TTjTTjTj LLTLL OOROI

rrr−===

∫ Ω∫ Ω == III

rr

rrrrrrr

ii

DF

DFDFiiDF

dij

ijTjidTijTj )cos(),()cos(),(),(

00

0

0000

,

..

,

..,

..

,

..

,

θρρρθρρ λλλ

πλλλ ρρθθρρη /),(),()cos(/)cos(),( 000

00

0

00,

..

,

,

..

,

..,

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛== ∫ Ω∫ Ω TjiT

jddij

ijTji

DFiiii

DF

DFd

rrr

rr

rrrr

I

II

),()),(),(1()( 0000,

..

,

, λλλπ ρηλ TTjiTji LTL ODFdRO

rrrr−=

),()),()(1()( 0000,

..

,

, λλρηπλ rO

rDFdRO TTjiTji LTL

r

rrrr−=

),()),()(1()( 0000,

..

,

, λλρηπλ bO

bDFdRO TTjiTji LTL

b

rrrr−=

INTRODUCTION of THE DIFFUSION FACTOR

Solvable System measuring:

Tr

R λ, T bR λ,),(00

,

.. λρ rDF Tjirr

),(00,

.. λρ bDF Tjirr

ρr = ρb TC=ΤBicolor

Pyrometry

ρr > ρb TC>ΤBicolor

-

Pyroreflectometry

ρr < ρb TC

202.0)800( =°Cdη201.0)800( =°Cdη

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3600

700

800

900

1000

η*d = 0.201

ε0r(T) = 0.380 ε0b(T) = 0.447

T*=801

ρ0,0r(T) = 0.982 ρ0,0

b(T) = 0.876

690

718

955

TRb

TRr

Tc

W

T°C

ηd0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0 W 800°C 20°C

ηd(800) =0.202ηd( 20) =0.207

ρ'Ω(800)=0.424ρ'Ω( 20)=0.425

Angle(°)

ρ0'θ(0.83µm,T)sr-1

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

T (°C)

T (°C)

Tth

ε0,01.55µm

ε0,01.55µm

TRr (1.55µm)

TRb (1.3µm)

T*

TC(1.3 et 1.55µm)

ελ(Τ)

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

η = 0.65

Tc(1,3 & 1,55µm)

ρr=0.265 ρb=0.239 ρv=0.220

Tc=770 Tr=737 Tb=742 Tv=753

TRv(0,84µm)

TRr(1,55µm)

TRb(1,3µm)

Inconel

η

T°C

1

2

3

EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION

3 3

Diodes Characteristicsλr:=1.55µm - λb:=1.30µm

Frequency

:10kHz (1µs & 99µs) Outpout

power

:60mWFr

FbC L

BM2

ZPF

9

S

1AE

L 64 8e

L8f

3a 8a5

3b 7

8d8c

8b

A: Emission B: Detection

F: Optical

fibres1: O.F. coupler 3: Laser diodes 4: Detectors

7: Delay generator

Measured parametersTr(λr ), , Tr(λb ), Tc(λr, λb )

ρi,j(λr ) , ρi,j(λb )

T min

: 600°CΔT: +/- 5°Δρ/ρ: 2%

1

2

3

ρ Reference

Sample

Diode Laser

Detector

Measurement

PrincipleM1 f (ρi,j(λ))

M2 f (L(λ,TR)) (M3-M2) / M1 f (ρi,j(λ,ΤR))

99ms

1msS(t) E+RE

t

THE PYROREFLECTOMETER

Optical Fiber Characteristics

Silica, Step

index, N.A. = 0.22,

Core diam. 100,200,400,500µm

dtg ouvsr )(θ=

LensOptical Fibre

Optical Fibre

Lens

Target

TWINS LENSES PROBE

Optical Fibre TargetBeam Splitter

Optical Fibre

Lens

POLKA DOT PROBE

PROBE WITHOUT LENSES

THE PROBES

PROXIMITY

REMOTE Typical size : 3-5mm diameter ppG r

rf

i '==fpp1

'11 =+

d

LambertianSpecular

Diffuse & specular

B.R.D.F. ηd

θ

0→η d

1→η d

10 ≤≤η d

Oriented1>η d

THE

DIFFUSION FACTOR

1),(),(,

..

,≤××

⊥⊥⊥⊥πλλ ρη TT DFd

0

10

20

30

40

5060

708090100110

120130

140

150

160

170

180

Reflected Flux Distribution

ρh = 0.68843ηd/ηO = 0.85

Al2O3 Plasma coating

0

10

20

30

40

5060

708090100110

120130

140

150

160

170

180

Reflected Flux Distribution

ρh = 0.034ηd/ηO = 0.58

SolGate

0

10

20

30

40

5060

708090100110

120130

140

150

160

170

180

Reflected Flux Distribution

ρh = 0.13ηd/ηO = 0.17

Schott

UTILITY OF DIFFUSION FACTOR

Surface Classification with ε and

η

'Schott'

Solair

Solgate

Inconel

Zynolyte

CFC

Pyromark

Colloidal graphite 1

Colloidal graphite 2

W no blasted

W blasted

Ref. 50

Kerlane

Al2O3

MgO

2 1

0.2

0.2 0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.8

1

10

ε (λ,Τ)

ηd(T)/π

Pyroreflectometry

to determine the true temperature and optical properties of surfaces J.S.E.Volume: 130 Issue: 3 Published: 2008

2

PYROREFLECTOMETRY AT PROMES

1 MW INSTALLATION‘GRAND FOUR’

MEDIASE

2 kW INSTALLATION‘BASTION’

DISCO

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600ρr=1.085,ρb=1

T*=1149

ηd = 0.123

Mesures: Tth =1162Tc:=1162,Tr=1032,Tb=1059

TRb (1.3µm)

Tc (1.3 & 1.55 µm)

TRr (1.55µm)

ηd

Tth

T(°C)

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

T (°C)

T (°C)

Tth

ε0,01.55µm

ε0,01.55µm

TRr (1.55µm)

TRb (1.3µm)

T*

TC(1.3 et 1.55µm)

ελ(Τ)

2

3

4

1

800 1000 1200 1400 1600

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

1,1

1,2

T (°C)

εra εba ηa ρra/ρba

W clean (Sample n°2)ε , η , ρr/ρb

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

0,40

0,45

Angle (°)

ε(θ)

T719 T823 T903 T1010 T1119 T1186 T1243 T1320 T1429

Validation

Caracterisation

1

2

2 2

3 4

MEASUREMENTS ON TUNGSTEN

100 125 150 175 200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

t (s)

T°C

Tc Tlr Tlb Tth Tconv

0 200 400 600 800 1000

0,36

0,38

0,40

0,42

0,44

0,46

0,48

0,50ρ

Tth (°C)

Mesures déportées

Rr Rb

Cu

CuOCu2 O

MEASUREMENTS ON COPPER

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400Measures: Tc=1185-Tr=759-Tb=803-ρr=0.49-ρb=0.445

T*=945°Cηd

*=0.431

Tth=955°C

TR,b(1.3µm)

TR,r(1.55µm)

TC(1.3µm-1.55µm)

ηd

T°C

350 400 450 500 550 600 650400

500

600

700

800

Thermocouple

T*

Tl (1.3µm)Tl (1.55µm)

Tc (1.3,1.55µm)

t(s)

Aluminium Specular Temperatures - Phase 1 T(°C)

350 400 450 500 550 600 6500

50

100

150

200

250

300

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

ηd

ε(1.3µm)

ε(1.55µm)

ρ(1.55µm)

ρ(1.3µm)

Aluminium Specular Optical Properties - Phase 1

t(s)

ε(λ), ηdρ(λ)0,0

MEASUREMENTS ON ALUMINIUM

THERMOREFLECTOMETRY

CAMERA F1

PLAQUE

FILTRE 1

FILTRE 2F2

LASER 2

EXPANDER1,3µm

LASER 1

EXPANDER1,55µm

Sample with 4 areas

Color temperature

Pixel levels

ADVANTAGES OF PYROREFLECTOMETRY

-The less restrictive assumption

- In situ and

on line measurements

- Permanent control of all the parameters

- Large experimental

validation

- Large industrial application in rough conditions

-

Surface control for non contact diagnostic

-

Mature technique

- Possibility

to be extended forward solar blind wavelengths

- Possibility

to be extended for spatial measurements

‘IR Camera’

A concept to determine the true temperature of opaque materials using a tricolor pyroreflectometer REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Volume: 76 Issue: 2 Published: 2005

Development of two-colour pyroreflectometry

technique for temperature monitoring of tungsten plasma facing components FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN Volume: 83 Pages: 672-679 Published: 2008

True temperature measurement on metallic surfaces using a two-color pyroreflectometer

method REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Volume: 80 Issue: 9 Published: 2009

Experimental validation of a pyroreflectometric

method to determine the true temperature on opaque surface without hampering reflections MEASUREMENT Volume: 42 Issue: 6 Pages: 836-843 Published: 2009

0 100 200600700800900

10001100120013001400150016001700

Temperature determined withtwo colour pyrorelectometric method

Thermocouple

T (°C)

t (s)

0 100 200600700800900

10001100120013001400150016001700

Pyroreflectometer

Thermocouple

Infrared Camera

T (°C)

t (s)

32

1

6

4

5

7

8

APPLICATION ON FUSION SIMULATOR (ITER)

FE200 (CEA-AREVA)

APPLICATION ON FUSION REACTOR (ITER)

80 m of optical fiber linking

Calibration

Control Room

ASDEX-UPGRADE Max Planck Institute (Garching)

APPLICATION ON FUSION REACTOR (ITER)

2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0

600

800

1000

t(s)

T°C

TRr TRb

b - 24992

3,10 3,15 3,20 3,25 3,30 3,35 3,40

500

750

1000

1250

1500

t(s)

T°C

TC TRr TRb T*

APPLICATION ON FUSION REACTOR (ITER)

APPLCATION ON SOLAR INSTALLATIONS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

mn

T en °C

Thermocouple

Pyromètre F.O.

Oxidization of ZrO(2-x

)Hermes winging edge true temperature

(Plata forma solar Almeria)

100600

650

700

750

800

850

900Températures en °C

t en s

Tc TvC TlR TvLR TlB TvLB

0 25 50 75 100 125 1500,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35Réflectivités normales normales

t en s

Réflectivité à 1,55µm Réflectivité à 1,3µm

APPLICATION ON ROCKET MOTOR

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

η = 0.65

Tc(1,3 & 1,55µm)

ρr=0.265 ρb=0.239 ρv=0.220

Tc=770 Tr=737 Tb=742 Tv=753

TRv(0,84µm)

TRr(1,55µm)

TRb(1,3µm)

Inconel

η

T°C

Measurement inside 3mm cooling canal

MEASUREMENTS on TURBINES

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140600

605

610

615

620

t en s

T en °C

Measurements

of T et

ρat

30 kHz

APPLICATION ON ROCKET MOTOR

Ageing

diagnosticon motor divergent

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

360

390

420

450

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0

(mm)

ρ0,0(1.55µm) ρ0,0(1.3 µm) ρ0,0(λ) diffuseur lambertien ρ(λ)=1

ρ0,0(λ)

H

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

θ°

ρ0,0(1.55µm) ρ0,0(1.3 µm) ρ0,0(λ) diffuseur lambertien ρ(λ)=1

ρ0,0(λ)

Axial profile

Radial profile

APPLICATION ON ROCKET MOTOR

Ageing control of ball

bearing

surface in cryogenic conditions

bâti et appareillage de mesures mécaniquescuve à azote liquidedisque d'acierfrotteur

protection sonde fibres optiques d'illumination

couvercle

sonde à f ibres optiques fibres optiques d'observation

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 600,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0 Réflectivité normale sur la trace Réflectivité à 10° sur la trace Réflectivité normale hors trace

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5ρ

// à 0.83µm

mn

Coefficient de frottement

APPLICATION ON ROCKET MOTOR

T measurements

ρ measurements : surface state

CONTROL for COMPOSITE BRAKE TESTS

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0ρ//

Cos(θ) IFTiB Ech Seat SeatLit Toyota E97175 E68383 E65968 E48447

Angle °

ON LINE MEASUREMENT OF SHEET IRON GALVANISATION

APPLICATION for CAR INDUSTRIE

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

250

500

750

1000

1250

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

s

T °KTc

ρ'' 1.3µm ρ'' 1.55µm

ρ''(λ,T)

Growing semi-transparent layer studiesT and

ρ

measurements

APPLICATION on H.T-X.R.D. CHAMBER

In situ characterization of surface at high temperature by using simultaneously a pryroreflectometer and an diffractometer. Applied Surface Science, V135, p 91-96, 1998

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