METHYL JASMONATE-INDUCED STIMULATION OF CHLOROPHYLL FORMATION IN

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research Vol. 14, 2006: 199-210

METHYL JASMONATE-INDUCED STIMULATION OFCHLOROPHYLL FORMATION IN THE BASAL PART OF

TULIP BULBS KEPT UNDER NATURAL LIGHTCONDITIONS

J u n i c h i U e d a 1 a n d M a r i a n S a n i e w s k i

Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture,Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, POLAND

1Correspondence to: Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, JAPAN

(Received August 23, 2006/Accepted October 30, 2006)

A B S T R A C T

Chlorophyll (a) and chlorophyll (b) were successfully identified in the scaletissues localized at root primordia, near the basal plate of tulip bulbs (Tulipagesneriana L. cv. ‘Apeldoorn’) kept in a greenhouse under natural lighting conditions.The analyses were done using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographysystem, equipped with a multi-channel spectrophotometric detector and a columntemperature controller. No chlorophyll formation was observed in the scale tissueslocalized at root primordia of tulip bulbs kept under dark conditions. Methyljasmonate was applied as a lanolin paste to the basal part of tulip bulbs as a result ofwhich significantly stimulated chlorophyll formation. The effect of methyl jasmonate,on chlorophyll formation in tulip bulbs, was greatly increased by the simultaneousapplication of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound. Methyl jasmonate alsoinduced gummosis, in tulip bulbs kept under both natural lighting and in darkness,suggesting that chlorophyll formation in tulip bulbs is not connected to gummosis.The possible mechanism of methyl jasmonate effect on chlorophyll formation in tulipbulbs, applied with or without ethephon, is discussed.

Key words: methyl jasmonate, chlorophyll (a) and (b) formation, tulip bulbs, light,ethylene

INTRODUCTION

Scale tissues localized at rootprimordia, near the basal plate of tulip

bulbs, had a tendency to form greenpigments, during their storage undernatural lighting conditions. Thesepigments seemed to be chloro-

J. Ueda and M. Saniewski

J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. vol. 14, 2006: 199-210200

phylls and/or their derivatives, butthere is little information regardingthis phenomenon. Factors affectingthe mechanism regulating the forma-tion of chlorophylls is also unclear.Although the formation of thesepigments seems to be hormone-controlled, it is not known what kindof plant hormones regulate this intulip bulbs. Among these, cytokininhas not only been known to inhibitdegradation of chlorophyll but alsoto stimulate its biosynthesis in planttissues. There have been a number ofpublications dealing with cytokinin-induced chlorophyll formation insome plant tissues, particularly inetiolated plants grown under darkconditions (Mcglassson et al., 1978).Cytokinins have also been reportedto enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) synthesis due to increase of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydrataseactivity (Kaul and Sabharwal, 1974;Naito et al., 1979; Dei, 1985), whichcatalyzes the formation of porphobi-linogen from two molecules of ALA,resulting in the increase of chloro-phylls level.

Jasmonic acid and its relatedcompounds have recently beendiscovered to be new types of planthormones with some importantphysiological properties, and theability to induce gummosis in someplants (Murofushi et al., 1999).Among them is methyl jasmonate,which has been shown to induce gumformation in tulip bulbs when it isapplied as a lanolin paste (Saniewskiand Puchalski, 1988; Saniewski etal., 1998ab; 2000; 2003; Ueda et al.,2003; Skrzypek et al., 2005). This

effect was greatly stimulated by thesimultaneous application of ethyleneor ethephon, an ethylene-releasingcompound. In addition, jasmonicacid, and its related compounds, havebeen reported to promote the degra-dation of chlorophylls or carotenoids,followed by senescence, in detachedgreen or etiolated plant tissues,respectively (Ueda and Kato, 1980;1987; Ueda et al., 1981). However,the effects of these compounds onthe chlorophyll levels of intact plantshave been debatable. In this paper weshow that the green pigments foundin the scale tissues localized at rootprimordia, near the basal plate oftulip bulbs, were identified aschlorophyll a and chlorophyll b; andthat methyl jasmonate is stronglyconnected to the stimulation ofchlorophyll formation in tulip bulbs,with or without the use of ethylene. Apossible reason for the stimulatingaction of methyl jasmonate onchlorophyll formation, is shown inthe discussion section.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Tulip bulbs and application ofchemicals

The experiments were conductedwith tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cv.‘Apeldoorn’ from commercial stock.Methyl jasmonate and ethephon wereapplied to the basal part of the tulipbulbs as a lanolin paste, in accor-dance with usual practice (Saniewskiand Puchalski, 1988; Saniewski etal.; 1998b; 2000). The treatment wasadministered on August 25, Septem-ber 16, October 6 and October 15.Between 10 and 20 treated bulbs were

Methyl jasmonate-induced stimulation of chlorophyll……

J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. vol. 14, 2006: 199-210 201

kept in greenhouses under naturallighting and in darkness for the sameperiod.

Identification of chlorophyll (a)and chlorophyll (b)

The identification of green pig-ments in the tulip bulbs was madeusing a high-performance liquidchromatograph (HPLC), according tothe method described by Iriyama etal. (1978) and Suzuki and Shioi(2003), with some modifications. Allthe procedures for the isolation andidentification of green pigments werecarried out under dim green light.Tissues containing green pigmentswere removed from the bulbs usinga sterilized razor blade. They wereweighed and then homogenized withsea sand in cold methanol. Thisprocedure was repeated three times.The tissues and sea sand weresufficiently washed with acetone.Methanol and acetone extracts werecombined and filtered. The organicsolvent was then dried in vacuo andthe residue was dissolved in a smallvolume of methanol. It was thenanalyzed using a JASCO reversedphase HPLC system, equipped witha DPL910/915 multi-channel spec-trophotometric detector (at 350 to800 nm), and a Chemcosorb 5-ODS-H column (4.6 x 150 mm). Thecolumn temperature was kept ata constant 30oC during the analysis.The solvent system was methanol-isopropanol (92:8, v/v) at a flow rateof 1 ml per min. For the purposes ofthe detection of pheophytin and othernon-polar chlorophyll derivatives aswell as for washing the column,

acetone was introduced after 20 minof running, at a flow rate of 1 ml permin. Authentic samples of chlorophylla and chlorophyll a’, chlorophyll b andchlorophyll b’ were prepared from thefresh green leaves of spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.). The totalamount of chlorophylls in the tulipbulbs were determined according tothe method reported previously(Ueda and Kato, 1980; Ueda et al.,1981), with minor modifications. Thetissue samples were homogenizedand the green pigments wereextracted by boiling for 30 min in80% aqueous ethanol. The opticaldensity of the alcoholic extract wasmeasured at 662 nm, using a HitachiU-3200 spectrophotometer.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

When tulip bulbs were kept underdark conditions, no green-coloredtissues were observed in the bulbs aftereach treatment. However, theformation of green pigments wasfound to be present on those treatedunder natural lighting conditions,particularly in the scale tissueslocalized at root primordia near thebasal plate (Fig. 1). These resultsindicate that light is an essential factorin the formation of green pigments inbulbs. As shown in Fig. 1, gumformation was also observed in thosebulbs treated with methyl jasmonate, inthe presence or absence of ethephon,under both dark and light conditions.Judging from the results, together withthe facts described above, theformation of green pigments isconsidered not to be connected withgum formation in tulip bulbs.



1. control2. lanolin only3. ethephon 1.0 %4. ethephon 2.0 %5. methyl jasmonate 0.1%6. methyl jasmonate 0.5%7. methyl jasmonate 1.0%8. methyl jasmonate 2.0%9. methyl jasmonate 0.1% + ethephon 1.0%10. methyl jasmonate 0.5% + ethephon 1.0%11. methyl jasmonate 1.0% + ethephon 1.0%

Figure 1. Tulip bulbs stored in light conditions in phytotron from the beginning ofJuly until the end of October (upper): and tulip bulbs treated with or without methyljasmonate and/or ethephon (lower). The bulbs were kept for about 2 months ina greenhouse under both natural lighting conditions and in darkness. Each treatmentwas administered on August 25, 2002 and photographs were taken on October 31,2002

On the dates during August,September and October, green-colored tissues were extracted andanalysed, following the proceduresdescribed in “Materials and methods”,

in order to identify the pigments foundin the experimental tulip bulbs. TheHPLC system has been reported tobe a useful and adequate method forqualitative and quantitative analyses



Figutre 2. HPLC profile of authentic samples of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b(upper), and of extracts from the green-colored basal part of tulip bulbs treated with orwithout methyl jasmonate and/or ethylene (lower, 1: Chlorophyll b, 1’: Chlorophyllb' , 2: Chlorophyll a, 2’: Chlorophyll a'). The optical densities at 662 nm and 652 nmwere monitored in each sample

of photosynthetic pigments (Iriyamaet al., 1978; Suzuki and Shioi, 2003).To improve separation and sensitivitywe introduced a reversed phaseHPLC system in this study. Thisresulted in the clear detection of two

major and some minor peaks. TheHPLC profile showed two prominentpeaks at retention times of 5 min and49 sec and 8 min and 17 sec, corres-ponding to those of chlorophyll b andchlorophyll a, respectively (Fig. 2).



Figure 3. Spectroscopic analyses of authentic samples of chlorophyll (a) andchlorophyll (b) (upper), and extracts from the green-colored basal part of tulip bulbstreated with or without methyl jasmonate and/or ethylene (lower). Each sample wasanalysed immediately after elution from HPLC, described in Fig. 1. Each data valueindicates the respective retention time in HPLC (Fig. 2)

Chlorophyll a’ and chlorophyll b’ werealso found to show noticeable minorpeaks in the chromatogram. Theseresults confirmed that a reversed phaseHPLC system is of great use in thedetection of chlorophylls and theirderivatives. The spectroscopic data of

compounds eluted at these prominentpeaks corresponded with those of theauthentic samples of chlorophyll aand chlorophyll b, as shown in Figure3. Although plant tissues grown undernatural lighting conditions have beenknown to contain some major chloro-



phyll metabolites such as pheophytin,chlorophyllide, pheophorbide andothers (Simpson et al., 1976), almostnone of them were found in thechromatogram during this experiment.As a result of the HPLC analyses,together with their spectroscopic data,major green pigments which hadformed in tulip bulbs were succes-sfully identified as chlorophyll a andchlorophyll b.

The formation of chlorophyll aand chlorophyll b, in tulip bulbs keptunder natural lighting conditions,was stimulated by the application ofmethyl jasmonate. Although ethephon,an ethylene releasing compound, wasalmost non effective on chlorophyllformation in tulip bulbs, simultaneousapplication of methyl jasmonate andethephon resulted in extreme sti-mulation of chlorophyll formation(Fig. 4). Chlorophyll accumulation,stimulated by methyl jasmonate, wasfound no earlier than at the beginningof August (data not shown), suggestingthat the formation of root primordia isessential for chlorophyll formation inboth intact bulbs and those treatedwith methyl jasmonate.

It should be mentioned that in allof the results from the treatmentswhich commenced on August 25, andindependently from the stage of rootprimordia formation, the paralleleffects of the stimulation of bothmethyl jasmonate, and methyl jasmo-nate with ethephon were observed onchlorophyll formation, as shown inFig. 4.

There are a number of paperswhich have reported the effects ofnatural and synthetic chemical com-

pounds on higher plants . Theseinclude plant hormones, herbicides,antibiotics and others (Wolf, 1977).Almost all of them substantiallyinhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis,except cytokinins (Kaul and Sab-harwal, 1974; Wolf, 1977; Naito et al.,1979; Dei, 1985). Jasmonic acid andits related compounds have beenshown to stimulate the accumulationof plant pigments. Jasmonates,inducing chlorophyll accumulation,have already been reported to beeffective in greening cucumbercotyledons (Fletcher et al., 1983) andChlorella vulgaris (Czerpak et al.,2006), although they have generallybeen found to regulate plant growthand development, as potent inhibitors(Murofushi et al., 1999). Methyljasmonate has also been reported toinduce the formation and/or theaccumulation of anthocyanin in peachshoots (Saniewski et al., 1998a), tulipstems (Saniewski et al., 1998b) andKalanchoe blossfeldiana (Saniewskiet al., 2003). The contents of chloro-phyll a and chlorophyll b, as well ascell numbers and mono-saccharidecontent in Chlorella vulgaris, weresubstantially increased by the appli-cation of low concentrations ofjasmonic acid (10-8-10-6 M), althoughthese were decreased in higherconcentrations (10 -5-10-4 M). Theseresults suggest that jasmonic acidand its related compounds havediffering effects depending on dosage.Similar observations have already beenfound with regards to anthocyaninformation in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana(Saniewski et al., 2003). The applica-tion of higher concentrations of methyl



0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

OD

at66

2nm

/gfr

esh

wei

ght

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81. control2. lanolin only3. ethephon 0.5%4. ethephon 1.0%5. methyl jasmonate 0.5%6. methyl jasmonate 1.0%7. methyl jasmonate 0.5% + ethephon 0.5%8. methyl jasmonate 1.0% + ethephon 1.0%

Figure 4. Chlorophyll formation in the basal part of tulip bulbs. Chlorophyll contentswere expressed as the value of the optical densities at 662 nm per g fresh weight. Thedetermination of chlorophyll levels was made one and a half months after treatment.The results were expressed as the average values of three experiments with standarderrors

jasmonates resulted in less accumula-tion of anthocyanin, compared to thatadministered in lower concentrations,which resulted in higher accumulation.

The mechanism by which jasmo-nates affect the accumulation of plantpigments is not yet clear. Chlorophyllaccumulation, induced by methyljasmonate under natural lightingconditions, was totally inhibited bythe simultaneous application offluridone (data not shown), which is

a potent inhibitor of phytoenedesaturate, resulting in the inhibitionof carotenoids, chlorophyll andabscisic acid biosynthesis (Klicova etal., 2002; Arias et al., 2004; Michelet al., 2004). Low concentrations ofjasmonates have been shown toinduce the gene expression of enzymesinvolved in flavonoid biosynthesis:phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),chalcone synthase, 4-coumarate CoAligase and dihydroflavonol-4-reductase



(Creelman et al., 1992; Gundlach et al.,2002; Tamari et al., 1995; Dittrich etal., 1992). A similar mechanism mightexplain methyl jasmonate's stimulationof chlorophyll formation in tulipbulbs. Methyl jasmonate may inducethe gene expression of some keyenzymes involved in chlorophyllbiosynthesis through the formation of5-aminolevulinic acid.

As described above, chlorophylland gum formation in tulip bulbs wasgreatly stimulated by the promotingeffects of methyl jasmonate, togetherwith the simultaneous application ofthe ethylene-releasing compound,ethephon. Gum formation, inducedby methyl jasmonate, was greatlystimulated by the simultaneousapplication of ethylene. The mecha-nism by which ethylene stimulatesthe promoting effect of methyljasmonate, on gum formation in tulipbulbs, is not yet clear. As describedin the “Introduction” above, thecombination of methyl jasmonateand ethylene, on gum formation intulips, has been studied intensively.Based on the results of these studies,it is probable that there is an interactionand/or a cross-talk in the signal trans-duction pathways between jasmonatesand ethylene.

Our previous studies, showingthe stimulating effect of ethylene ongum formation induced by methyljasmonate, have suggested that methyljasmonate changes sugar metabolismfollowed by upregulation of ethylene(Skrzypek et al., 2005). A similarexplanation might be used regardingchlorophyll accumulation on tulipbulbs with a changed sugar meta-

bolism, resulting from the applica-tion of methyl jasmonate. They havefurther suggested that the presence ofleaves has been shown to be essentialfor methyl jasmonate's stimulatingeffect on anthocyanin formation inKalanchoe blossfeldiana (Saniewski etal., 2003), showing that photo-synthetic products, such as sugarmolecules, are very important foranthocyanin formation. According tothis hypothesis, methyl jasmonatemight affect sugar metabolism intulip bulbs and, as a result, thereleased sugar molecules couldcontribute to promoting chlorophyllformation in bulbs kept under naturallighting conditions. In this casesugars might be a signal molecule forthe formation of chlorophylls in tulipbulbs. Further investigation linkingsugar metabolism and chlorophyllformation will be required.

Acknowledgments: The stay ofJunichi Ueda in Skierniewice, Poland,was supported by the Polish Academyof Sciences and the Japanese Societyfor the Promotion of Science.

REFERENCES

Arias D.E., Ares R.S., Netherland M.D.,Scheffler B.E., Puri A., Dayan F.E.2004. Molecular evolution of herbi-cide resisitance to phytoene desaturateinihibitors in Hydrilla verticillataand its potential use to generateherbicide-resistant crops. PESTMANAGEMENT SCI. 61: 258-268.

Creelman R.A., Tierney M.L., MulletJ.E. 1992. Jasmonic acid/methyljasmonate accumulate in woundedsoybean hypocotyls and modulate



wound gene expression. PROC.NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA 89: 4938-4941.

Czerpak R., Piotrowska A., Szulecka K.2006. The effects of jasmonic acidon the growth and contents in algaChlorella vulgaris. ACTA PHYSIOL.PLANT. 28: 195-203.

Dei M. 1985. Benzyladenine-inducedstiumulation of 5-aminolevulinicacid accumulation under variouslight intensities in levulinic acid-treated cotyledons of etiolatedcucumber. PHYSIOL. PLANT. 64:153-160.

Dittrich H., Kutchan T.M., Zenk M.H.1992. The jasmonate precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, induces phyto-alexin synthesis in Petroselinumhortense cell cultures. FEBS LETT.309: 33-36.

Fletcher R.A., Venkatarayappa T.,Kallidumbil V. 1983. Comparativeeffects of abscisic acid and methyljasmonate in greening cucumbercotyledons and its application toa bioassay for abscisic acid. PLANTCELL PHYSIOL. 24: 1057-1064.

Gundlach H., Muller M.J., KutchanT.M., Zenk M.H. 1992. Jasmonicacid as a signal transducer inelicitor-induced plant cell culture.PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA89: 2389-2393.

Iriyama K., Yoshiura M., Shiraki M. 1978.Micro-method for the qualitative andquantitative analysis of photosyntheticpigments using high-performanceliquid chromatography. J. CHRO-MATOGR. 154: 302-305.

Kaul K., Sabharwal P.S. 1974. Kinetin-induced changes in δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase oftobacco callus. PLANT PHYSIOL.54: 644-648.

Klicova S., Sebanek J., Hudeova H.,Vitkova H., Vlasinova H. 2002. The

effect of fluridone and fluro-chloridone on the incidence ofalbinism in pea (Pisum sativum) andon the abscission of leaves of privet(Ligustrum vulgare). ROSTL. VYR.48: 255-260.

Mcglassson W.B., Wade N.L., Adato I.1978. Phytohormones and fruitripening. In: D.S. Letham, P.B.Goodwin and T.J.V. Higgins (eds),Phytohormones and Related Compo-unds A Comprehensive Treatise.Elsevier/North-Holland BiomedicalPress, Amsterdam, Vol. II, pp. 447-493.

Michel A., Arias R.S., Scheffler B.E.,Duke S.O., Netherland M., DayanF.E. 2004. Somatic mutation-mediated evolution of herbicideresistance in the nonindigenousinvasive plant hydrilla (Hydrillaverticillata). MOL. ECOL. 13:3229-3238.

Murofushi N., Sakagami Y., Kamiya Y.,Yamane H., Iwamura H., Tsuji H.,Hirai N., Imaseki H., Yokota T.,Ueda J. 1999. Plant hormones. In: D.Barton and K. Nakanishi (eds),Comprehensive Natural ProductsChemistry, Elsevier Science Ltd.Oxford, Vol. 8, pp. 19-136.

Naito K., Ebato T., Endo Y., Shimizu S.1979. Effect of benzyladenine on δ-aminolevulinic acids syntheticability and δ-aminolevulinic aciddehydratase: Differential responsesto benzyladenine according to leafage. Z. PFLANZENPHYSIOL. 69:95-102.

Saniewski M., Horbowicz M., PuchalskiJ., Ueda J. 2003. Methyl jasmonatestimulation of the formation andaccumulation of anthocyanin inKalanchoe blossfeldiana. ACTAPHYSIOL. PLANT. 25: 143-149.

Saniewski M., Miszczak A., Kawa-Miszczak L., Wegrzynowicz-Lesiak



E., Miyamoto K., Ueda J. 1998b.Effect of methyl jasmonate onanthocyanin accumulation, ethyleneproduction, and CO2 evolution incooled and uncooled tulip bulbs. J.PLANT GROWTH REGUL. 17:33-37.

Saniewski M., Miyamoto K., Ueda J.1998a. Methyl jasmonate inducesgums and stimulates anthocyaninaccumulation in peach shoot. J.PLANT GROWTH REGUL. 17:121-124.

Saniewski M., Puchalski J. 1988. Theinduction of gum formation in the leaf,stem, and bulb by methyl jasmonate intulips. BULL. POL. ACAD. SCI.,BIOL. SCI. 44: 569-589.

Saniewski M., Ueda J., Miyamoto K.2000. Gum induction by methyljasmonate in tulip stem: relevance toits chemical composition. ACTAHORT. 515: 39-48.

Saniewski M., Ueda J., Miyamoto K.,Urbanek H. 2003. Interactionsbetween ethylene and other planthormones in regulation of plantgrowth and development in naturalconditions and under abiotic andbiotic stresses. In: M. Vendrell, H.Klee, J.C. Pech and F. Romojaro(eds), Biology and Biotechnology ofthe Plant Hormone Ethylene III. IOSPress. pp. 263-270.

Simpson K.L., Lee T-C., RodriguezD.B., Chichester C.O. 1976.Metabolism in senescent and storedtissues. In: T.W. Goodwin (eds),Chemistry and Biochemistry ofPlant Pigments Vol. 1., AcademicPress, London, pp. 779-842.

Skrzypek E., Miyamoto K., Saniewski M.,Ueda J. 2005. Jasmonates are essentialfactors inducing gummosis in tulips:mode of action of jasmonates focusingon sugar metabolism. J. PLANTPHYSIOL. 162: 495-505.

Suzuki Y., Shioi Y. 2003. Identificationof chlorophylls and carotenoids inmajor teas by high-performanceliquid chromatography withphotodiode array detection. J.AGRIC. FOOD CHEM. 51: 5307-4314.

Tamari G., Borochov A., Atzorn R.,Weiss D., 1995. Methyl jasmonateinduces pigmentation and flavonoidgene expression in petunia corollas:A possible role in wound response.PHYSIOL. PLANT. 94: 45-50.

Ueda J., Kato J. 1980. Isolation andidentification of a senescence-promo-ting substance from wormwood(Artemisia absinthium L.). PLANTPHYSIOL. 66: 246-249.

Ueda J., Kato J. 1987. Effect of methyljasmonate on chlorophyll productionin greening dark grown oat leaves.PLANT PHYSIOL. (LIFE SCI.ADV.) 6: 277-279.

Ueda J., Kato J., Yamane H., TakahashiN. 1981. Inhibitory effect of methyljasmonate and its related compoundson kinetin-induced retardation of oatleaf senescence. PHYSIOL. PLANT.52: 305-309.

Ueda J., Miyamoto K., Saniewski M.2003. Gum formation and leafabscission in ornamental Japanesecherry (Prunus yedoensis): a possiblerole of ethylene and jasmonates inthese processes. In: M. Vendrell, H.Klee, J.C. Pech and F. Romojaro(eds), Biology and Biotechnology ofthe Plant Hormone Ethylene III. IOSPRESS., pp. 303-304.

Wolf F.T. 1977. Effects of chemical agentsin inhibition of chlorophyll synthesisand chloroplast development in higherplants. BOT. REV. 43: 395-425.



JASMONIAN METYLU STYMULUJE AKUMULACJĘCHLOROFILU W ŁUSKACH W POBLIŻU PIĘTKICEBUL TULIPANA PRZECHOWYWANYCH NA

ŚWIETLE

Junichi Ueda i Marian Saniewski

S T R E S Z C Z E N I E

Chlorofil a i chlorofil b zostały zidentyfikowane w tkankach łusek zlokalizowa-nych w pobliżu primordii korzeniowych przy piętce cebul tulipana (Tulipa gesnerianaL.) przechowywanych w szklarni (naturalne warunki świetlne) stosując chromatografwysokociśnieniowy w fazie odwróconej (HPLC) wyposażony w detektor wielokanałowyz pomiarem długości światła i z kontrolowanątemperaturąkolumny. Nie wykazanowystępowania chlorofilu w tych samych częściach cebul przechowywanych w ciemności.Jasmonian metylu zastosowany w paście lanolinowej na łuski u podstawy cebultulipana stymulowałtworzenie sięchlorofilu. Stymulujący wpływ jasmonianu metyluna tworzenie się chlorofilu w cebulach tulipana byłsilnie wzmożony przezjednoczesne podanie etefonu, związku z którego uwalnia sięetylen. Jasmonianmetylu podany osobno lub łącznie z etefonem także indukowałgumozęw cebulachtulipana przechowywanych na świetle i w ciemności, co sugeruje, że tworzenie sięchlorofilu w cebulach tulipana nie jest związane z gumozą. Możliwy sposób działaniasamego jasmonianu metylu i w obecności etefonu w stymulacji tworzenia sięchlorofilu w cebulach tulipana jest także dyskutowany.

Słowa kluczowe: jasmonian metylu, tworzenie sięchlorofilu a i b, cebule tulipana,światło, etylen

Documents

METHYL JASMONATE-INDUCED STIMULATION OF CHLOROPHYLL FORMATION IN