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METEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGY
FOR ‘YACHTIES’FOR ‘YACHTIES’
EXAMPLE LESSON SLIDES
MOUSE CLICK TO ADVANCE
EXAMPLE LESSON SLIDES
MOUSE CLICK TO ADVANCE
SIMPLY ....SIMPLY ....
What you are about to see is a small selection of sample lesson slides from a selection of the eight lessons on the ‘Meteorology ... Simply for Yachties’
CD.
What you are about to see is a small selection of sample lesson slides from a selection of the eight lessons on the ‘Meteorology ... Simply for Yachties’
CD.On this demonstration disc, the slides under each lesson
title do not necessarily follow any specific order and there are many other linking slide animations that are not show that normally provide the lesson with the ‘flow’ that is not immediately apparent in this demonstration. Naturally, the
full version has all the links and ‘flow’ necessary to understand and absorb the topic in question.
On this demonstration disc, the slides under each lesson title do not necessarily follow any specific order and there are many other linking slide animations that are not show that normally provide the lesson with the ‘flow’ that is not immediately apparent in this demonstration. Naturally, the
full version has all the links and ‘flow’ necessary to understand and absorb the topic in question.
The full version of the ‘Meteorology .... Simply for Yachties’ CD is made up of well over 370 animated lesson slides covering all
8 lesson topics. Let’s now have a look at some of the lesson slides .......
The full version of the ‘Meteorology .... Simply for Yachties’ CD is made up of well over 370 animated lesson slides covering all
8 lesson topics. Let’s now have a look at some of the lesson slides .......
At each stage during viewing, allow the animation to run for a couple of seconds before using the mouse button or scroll wheel to move on. On the full version CD, each lesson has a self testing
interactive quiz at the end of the lesson. An example is also given on this disc.
At each stage during viewing, allow the animation to run for a couple of seconds before using the mouse button or scroll wheel to move on. On the full version CD, each lesson has a self testing
interactive quiz at the end of the lesson. An example is also given on this disc.
THEATMOSPHE
RE
THEATMOSPHE
RE
THE LAYERSTHE LAYERS
TROPOPAUSE
TROPOPAUSE
STRATOPAUSE
STRATOPAUSE
MESOPAUSEMESOPAUSE
STRATOSPHERE11 - 30 KM
STRATOSPHERE11 - 30 KM
TROPOSPHERE SURFACE - 11
KM
TROPOSPHERE SURFACE - 11
KM
MESOSPHERE 30 - 80 KM
MESOSPHERE 30 - 80 KM
IONOSPHERE(SPACE)
IONOSPHERE(SPACE)
THE STANDARDATMOSPHERETHE STANDARDATMOSPHEREFOR COMPARISON PURPOSES, THE TROPOSHERE (ATMOSPHERE) IS GIVEN A SET SERIES OF PARAMETERS
FOR COMPARISON PURPOSES, THE TROPOSHERE (ATMOSPHERE) IS GIVEN A SET SERIES OF PARAMETERS
IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS +15°C AND THAT TEMPERATURE DECREASES WITH HEIGHT BY APPROX 2°C PER 1000 FT.
AT THE TROPOPAUSE, (AVERAGE HEIGHT 36,090 FT), IT REMAINS CONSTANT AT –56•5°C, DESPITE ANY FURTHER INCREASE IN DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH
IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS +15°C AND THAT TEMPERATURE DECREASES WITH HEIGHT BY APPROX 2°C PER 1000 FT.
AT THE TROPOPAUSE, (AVERAGE HEIGHT 36,090 FT), IT REMAINS CONSTANT AT –56•5°C, DESPITE ANY FURTHER INCREASE IN DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH
AT THE EARTHS SURFACE, IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE STANDARD PRESSURE IS 1013•25 HECTOR PASCALS (hPa) AND PRESSURE REDUCES WITH HEIGHT BY ROUGHLY ONE hPa PER 30 FT IN THE LOWER LEVELS
AT THE EARTHS SURFACE, IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE STANDARD PRESSURE IS 1013•25 HECTOR PASCALS (hPa) AND PRESSURE REDUCES WITH HEIGHT BY ROUGHLY ONE hPa PER 30 FT IN THE LOWER LEVELS
EQUATOREQUATOR
NORTH POLE
NORTH POLE
+15° C +15° C
- 56.5° C- 56.5° C
REDUCES BYAPPROX 2° CPER 1000 FT
REDUCES BYAPPROX 2° CPER 1000 FT
1013.251013.25
REDUCES BYROUGHLY 1 hPa PER
30 FT IN LOWER LEVELS
REDUCES BYROUGHLY 1 hPa PER
30 FT IN LOWER LEVELS
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE PRESSUREPRESSURE
SEA LEVEL PRESSURE 1013.25 hPaSEA LEVEL PRESSURE 1013.25 hPa
SURFACE TEMP +15°CSURFACE TEMP +15°C
TROPOPAUSETROPOPAUSE
THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERETHE STANDARD ATMOSPHERENEAR ZERO hPaNEAR ZERO hPa
MEASURED MEASURED ACTUALACTUAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATEENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATEMEASURED MEASURED ACTUALACTUAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATEENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE
THE ACTUAL ENVIRONMENTAL
LAPSE RATE IS MEASURED
FREQUENTLY BY SENDING UP A
WEATHER BALLOON, AND
CAN BE A MIX OF ALL THREE LAPSE
RATES
THE ACTUAL ENVIRONMENTAL
LAPSE RATE IS MEASURED
FREQUENTLY BY SENDING UP A
WEATHER BALLOON, AND
CAN BE A MIX OF ALL THREE LAPSE
RATES
ALTITUDE
ALTITUDE
- TEMPERATURE +- TEMPERATURE +
STANDARDSTANDARD
INVERSIONINVERSION
ISOTHERMALISOTHERMAL
STABILITYSTABILITY
ELR
DRY AIR IS LIFTED OR RISES
COOLS AT 3°C/1000’ (DALR)
IF COLDER THANSURROUNDING AIR (ELR)
PARCEL FALLS TO SURFACE
AIR IS STABLEAIR IS STABLE
IMAGINE A PARCEL OF DRY AIR AT THE SURFACE
IMAGINE A PARCEL OF DRY AIR AT THE SURFACE
HOW WILL BE EXPLAINED LATER!
THE PARCEL ISDENSER THAN
THE SURROUNDING AIR
DALR
AND ONCE LIFT IS CUT OFF
ALTITUDE
ALTITUDE
- TEMPERATURE +- TEMPERATURE +
TYPETYPE CODECODE SHAPE
SHAPE
HEIGHTHEIGHT MAKEUPMAKEUP
LAYERED CLOUD TYPESLAYERED CLOUD TYPESSCWD = SUPER COOLED WATER DROPS
CIRRUSCIRRUS
CIRRO CUMULUS
CIRRO CUMULUS
CIRRO STRATUS
CIRRO STRATUS
CICI
CCCC
CSCS
ACAC
WISPYWISPY
PATCHES FLAKES, OR
RIPPLES
PATCHES FLAKES, OR
RIPPLES
VEILVEIL
MANY SMALL LENTILS
MANY SMALL LENTILS
20,000’ PLUS
20,000’ PLUS
20,000’ PLUS
20,000’ PLUS
20,000’ PLUS
20,000’ PLUS
ICE CRYSTALS
ICE CRYSTALS
ICE CRYSTALS
ICE CRYSTALS
ICE CRYSTALS
ICE CRYSTALS
SCWD 0º TO -10ºSCWD 0º TO -10ºSCWD + SCWD +
CRYSTALSCRYSTALSBELOW -10ºBELOW -10º
SCWD 0º TO -10ºSCWD 0º TO -10ºSCWD + SCWD +
CRYSTALSCRYSTALSBELOW -10ºBELOW -10º
7,000’ TO
20,000’
7,000’ TO
20,000’
ALTO CUMULUS
ALTO CUMULUS
WEATHER
WEATHER
MAY SHOW START OF APPROACHING FRONTMAY SHOW START OF APPROACHING FRONT
NILNIL
APPROACHING FRONT ?APPROACHING FRONT ?
NILNIL
ALTOCUMULUS CASTALANUSALTOCUMULUS CASTALANUS
UPPER SHAPE LIKE CASTELLATED BATTLEMENTS
OF A FORTRESS
UPPER SHAPE LIKE CASTELLATED BATTLEMENTS
OF A FORTRESS
IN THE IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, HEMISPHERE, THE THE RESULTANT GEOSTROPHIC WIND IS RESULTANT GEOSTROPHIC WIND IS
PROGRESSIVELY DEFLECTED RIGHT,PROGRESSIVELY DEFLECTED RIGHT, TOWARDS TOWARDS THE ISOBARSTHE ISOBARS
IN THE IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, HEMISPHERE, THE THE RESULTANT GEOSTROPHIC WIND IS RESULTANT GEOSTROPHIC WIND IS
PROGRESSIVELY DEFLECTED RIGHT,PROGRESSIVELY DEFLECTED RIGHT, TOWARDS TOWARDS THE ISOBARSTHE ISOBARS
THIS PROCESS CONTINUES UNTIL THE PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE AND
GEOSTROPHIC FORCE OPPOSE EACH OTHER
THIS PROCESS CONTINUES UNTIL THE PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE AND
GEOSTROPHIC FORCE OPPOSE EACH OTHER
THE PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE STILL ACTS ACROSS THE ISOBARS FROM HIGH TO LOW
PRESSURE
THE PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE STILL ACTS ACROSS THE ISOBARS FROM HIGH TO LOW
PRESSURE
FORCES CONTROLLING WINDFORCES CONTROLLING WINDFORCES CONTROLLING WINDFORCES CONTROLLING WINDONCE THE GEOSTROPHIC WIND BEGINS TO FLOW, THE GEOSTROPHIC FORCE ALWAYS
ACTS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO IT AND IS PROPORTIONAL TO ITS SPEED
ONCE THE GEOSTROPHIC WIND BEGINS TO FLOW, THE GEOSTROPHIC FORCE ALWAYS
ACTS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO IT AND IS PROPORTIONAL TO ITS SPEED
WIND FLOWWIND FLOWWIND FLOWWIND FLOW
HIGH PRESSUREHIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURELOW PRESSURE
PGF
GF
PGF
GF
GW9090°°9090°°
GW
PGF
GF
PGF
GW
GF
9090°°9090°°9090°°9090°°
TRIGGER ACTIONTRIGGER ACTIONTRIGGER ACTIONTRIGGER ACTION
SOLAR HEATING
AND CONDUCTIO
N
SOLAR HEATING
AND CONDUCTIO
N
OROGRAPHIC (AIR FORCED UP
OVER HILLS)
OROGRAPHIC (AIR FORCED UP
OVER HILLS)FRONTAL LIFTING
FRONTAL LIFTING
ANY ONE OR A COMBINATION OF THESE MAY START THE BUILDING PHASE OF A
THUNDERSTORM
ANY ONE OR A COMBINATION OF THESE MAY START THE BUILDING PHASE OF A
THUNDERSTORM
ANY METHOD THAT ASSISTS AND LIFTS AIR ABOVE THE SURFACE CAN PROVIDE THIS ‘TRIGGER’
THERE ARE THREE MAIN ‘TRIGGERS’ THAT START AIR MOVING VERTICALLY UPWARDS
ANY METHOD THAT ASSISTS AND LIFTS AIR ABOVE THE SURFACE CAN PROVIDE THIS ‘TRIGGER’
THERE ARE THREE MAIN ‘TRIGGERS’ THAT START AIR MOVING VERTICALLY UPWARDS
ALTITUDE
ALTITUDE
- TEMPERATURE +- TEMPERATURE +
DO YOU REMEMBER THIS GRAPH OF ABSOLUTE INSTABILITY?
DO YOU REMEMBER THIS GRAPH OF ABSOLUTE INSTABILITY?
THIS IS TOTAL AND ABSOLUTE INSTABILITY
AND IS THE ‘ENGINE ROOM’ FOR DEVELOPING
MAJOR THUNDERSTORMS
THIS IS TOTAL AND ABSOLUTE INSTABILITY
AND IS THE ‘ENGINE ROOM’ FOR DEVELOPING
MAJOR THUNDERSTORMS
ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE
‘LIFTED’ AIR WILL CONTINUE TO RISE UNTIL IT REACHES THE TROPOPAUSE
‘LIFTED’ AIR WILL CONTINUE TO RISE UNTIL IT REACHES THE TROPOPAUSE
TROPOPAUSE
TROPOPAUSE
BOTH SATURATED AND DRY AIR IS
ALWAYS WARMER THAN THE
ENVIRONMENT AT ANY LEVEL
BOTH SATURATED AND DRY AIR IS
ALWAYS WARMER THAN THE
ENVIRONMENT AT ANY LEVEL
THE BUILDING PHASETHE BUILDING PHASE
INSTABILITY LEADING TO POWERFUL
VERTICAL MOTION
INSTABILITY LEADING TO POWERFUL
VERTICAL MOTION
AIR IS DRAWN IN FROM SIDES AND BASE
AIR IS DRAWN IN FROM SIDES AND BASE
WHAT IS THE ISA STANDARD TEMPERATURE AT THE SURFACE ?WHAT IS THE ISA STANDARD TEMPERATURE AT THE SURFACE ?
AT THE END OF EACH LESSON ON THE ‘MET ....... SIMPLY FOR YACHTIES’ CD
THERE IS A SELF TESTING INTERACTIVE QUIZ
A SMALL NUMBER OF TYPICAL EXAMPLE QUESTIONS ARE SHOWN BELOW
HAVE A GO BY MOVING THE MOUSE OVER YOUR ANSWER AND CLICKING
AT THE END OF EACH LESSON ON THE ‘MET ....... SIMPLY FOR YACHTIES’ CD
THERE IS A SELF TESTING INTERACTIVE QUIZ
A SMALL NUMBER OF TYPICAL EXAMPLE QUESTIONS ARE SHOWN BELOW
HAVE A GO BY MOVING THE MOUSE OVER YOUR ANSWER AND CLICKING
SELF TESTING TIMESELF TESTING TIMETHE ATMOSPHERETHE ATMOSPHERE
52,000 FT52,000 FT 26,000 FT26,000 FT
+ 12° C+ 12° C
36090 FT36090 FT
+ 15° C+ 15° C
+ 18° C+ 18° C
CORRECTCORRECT WRONGWRONG WRONGWRONG
CORRECTCORRECTWRONGWRONG WRONGWRONG
CLICK HERE TO SKIP SELF
TEST OR END
CLICK HERE TO SKIP SELF
TEST OR END
WHAT IS THE DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE ?WHAT IS THE DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE ?
3° / 1000’3° / 1000’
1•5° / 1000’1•5° / 1000’
2° / 1000’2° / 1000’
CORRECTCORRECT WRONGWRONG WRONGWRONG
WHAT IS THE HEIGHT OF THE TROPOPAUSE OVER THE EQUATOR ?WHAT IS THE HEIGHT OF THE TROPOPAUSE OVER THE EQUATOR ?
METEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGY
FOR ‘YACHTIES’FOR ‘YACHTIES’
THE DEMONSTRATION SLIDES THAT WERE SHOWN WERE NOT IN
ANY PARTICULAR ORDER
THE DEMONSTRATION SLIDES THAT WERE SHOWN WERE NOT IN
ANY PARTICULAR ORDER
© Copywrite 2007. All Rights ReservedCopying, Hiring, Renting, Alteration or Broadcasting is strictly prohibited
© Copywrite 2007. All Rights ReservedCopying, Hiring, Renting, Alteration or Broadcasting is strictly prohibited
SIMPLY ....SIMPLY ....
YOU HAVE JUST SEEN ONLY 16 OF OVER 370 TOTAL SLIDES IN THE 8 COMPLETE LESSONS ON
THE FULL VERSION OF ‘METEOROLOGY .... SIMPLY FOR YACHTIES ’
YOU HAVE JUST SEEN ONLY 16 OF OVER 370 TOTAL SLIDES IN THE 8 COMPLETE LESSONS ON
THE FULL VERSION OF ‘METEOROLOGY .... SIMPLY FOR YACHTIES ’
METEOROLOGY ..... SIMPLY FOR ‘YACHTIES’
A WEATHER TRAINING CD PACKAGE FOR ALL SAILORS
METEOROLOGY ..... SIMPLY FOR ‘YACHTIES’
A WEATHER TRAINING CD PACKAGE FOR ALL SAILORS
THE SIMPLE WAY TO LEARN ALL ABOUT THE
WEATHER
THE SIMPLE WAY TO LEARN ALL ABOUT THE
WEATHER
Email : [email protected] Website : www.spinnyluff.webs.com
Email : [email protected] Website : www.spinnyluff.webs.com