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Tadeusz Jan Jopek Astronomical Observatory Poznań, Poland Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

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Page 1: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

Tadeusz Jan Jopek

Astronomical Observatory

Poznań Poland

Meteoroid streams and

their parent bodies

2

(Kresak 1985)

Masses in the Universe

3

4

170 Mkgyear of meteoroids

falls into the Earth atmosphere

(Ceplecha Z 1992 in Proc Of the Intern Astron

Symp Smolenice Slovakia July 6-12 1992 165

Fot Pierre Thomas

(LST) ENS Lyon

Graphica R Baldini

Fot Policja Municypalna w Enschede

ET~1000 EH

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 2: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

2

(Kresak 1985)

Masses in the Universe

3

4

170 Mkgyear of meteoroids

falls into the Earth atmosphere

(Ceplecha Z 1992 in Proc Of the Intern Astron

Symp Smolenice Slovakia July 6-12 1992 165

Fot Pierre Thomas

(LST) ENS Lyon

Graphica R Baldini

Fot Policja Municypalna w Enschede

ET~1000 EH

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 3: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

3

4

170 Mkgyear of meteoroids

falls into the Earth atmosphere

(Ceplecha Z 1992 in Proc Of the Intern Astron

Symp Smolenice Slovakia July 6-12 1992 165

Fot Pierre Thomas

(LST) ENS Lyon

Graphica R Baldini

Fot Policja Municypalna w Enschede

ET~1000 EH

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 4: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

4

170 Mkgyear of meteoroids

falls into the Earth atmosphere

(Ceplecha Z 1992 in Proc Of the Intern Astron

Symp Smolenice Slovakia July 6-12 1992 165

Fot Pierre Thomas

(LST) ENS Lyon

Graphica R Baldini

Fot Policja Municypalna w Enschede

ET~1000 EH

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 5: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 6: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 7: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 8: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 9: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 10: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 11: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 12: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 13: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 14: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 15: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 16: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 17: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 18: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 19: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 20: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 21: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 22: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 23: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 24: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 25: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 26: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 27: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 28: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 29: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 30: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 31: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 32: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 33: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 34: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 35: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 36: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 37: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 38: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 39: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 40: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 41: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 42: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 43: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 44: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 45: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 46: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 47: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 48: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 49: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 50: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 51: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 52: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 53: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 54: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 55: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 56: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 57: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 58: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 59: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 60: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 61: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Page 62: Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies - INAFSearching for meteoroid streams and their parent bodies o given: ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic, stream component) and NEO’s,

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm


The Draconid Meteoroid Stream 2018: Prospects for Satellite …wiegert/papers/Egal_2018_ApJL_866_L8.pdf · The Draconid Meteoroid Stream 2018: Prospects for Satellite Impact Detection

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