MetaphorMetaphorLecture 4 (a)Lecture 4 (a)

KnowledgeKnowledge

Getting knowledge about something is liGetting knowledge about something is like ke making a map of a place making a map of a place or like or like travtravelling elling there. Teaching someone is like sthere. Teaching someone is like showing them how to howing them how to reach a placereach a place. .

This term, we will be This term, we will be exploring exploring the psycthe psychology of sport.hology of sport.

In today’s class, I will In today’s class, I will map out map out the mosthe most important concepts.t important concepts.

KnowledgeKnowledge We can We can approach approach the subject from several the subject from several directionsdirections.. Can you give me a few Can you give me a few pointerspointers? What should I read first?? What should I read first? It is an excellent It is an excellent guide guide to English vocabulary.to English vocabulary. The program allows you to The program allows you to navigate navigate the Web more easily.the Web more easily. The first The first step step in learning a language is to learn its sounds.in learning a language is to learn its sounds. This aspect of his work is very much This aspect of his work is very much uncharted territoryuncharted territory.. We’re We’re on surer/more familiar ground on surer/more familiar ground here.here. New students have to take an New students have to take an orientation orientation course.course.

KnowledgeKnowledge When you have some knowledge about something, it iWhen you have some knowledge about something, it i

ss as if you are as if you are shining a light shining a light on it. Not having knowledon it. Not having knowled

ge is like ge is like being in darknessbeing in darkness. . Allow me to Allow me to shed/throw some light shed/throw some light on the matter.on the matter. Can you Can you enlighten enlighten me as to what your intentionsme as to what your intentions are?are? There are a couple of points that I’d like you to There are a couple of points that I’d like you to clear clear

upup. . Her work has greatly Her work has greatly illuminated illuminated this aspect of the suthis aspect of the su

bject.bject.

KnowledgeKnowledge

This This spotlights/highlights spotlights/highlights thethe problems of bilingual children.problems of bilingual children. He kept us He kept us in the dark in the dark about his plans.about his plans. The book concerns the The book concerns the shadowy shadowy world of espiworld of espi

onage.onage. I only have a I only have a dim dim recollection of what happenrecollection of what happen

ed next.ed next. I haven’t got the I haven’t got the foggiest/faintest foggiest/faintest idea.idea.

AchievementAchievement

An achievement is like a An achievement is like a buildingbuilding, and the pro, and the process of achieving is like the process of building.cess of achieving is like the process of building.

They They built up built up the business over 20 years. the business over 20 years. The organization was The organization was built on built on traditional printraditional prin

ciples.ciples. This web site is still under This web site is still under constructionconstruction. . They They laid the foundations laid the foundations for future success for future success

with a carefully balanced range of products.with a carefully balanced range of products.

AchievementAchievement This was the This was the blueprint blueprint for success. for success. She was the She was the architect architect of the company’s expansion oof the company’s expansion o

verseas. verseas. It is a It is a towering towering achievement.achievement. These developments threatened the whole These developments threatened the whole edifice edifice of of

government. government. All her life’s work was All her life’s work was in ruinsin ruins.. Strong foreign markets are the Strong foreign markets are the building blocks building blocks of a suof a su

ccessfulccessful economy. economy. Everything seemed to Everything seemed to come crashing down come crashing down around taround t

hem.hem.

AngryAngry Being angry is like being Being angry is like being hot hot or or on fireon fire.. She She burned burned with indignation.with indignation. He has a He has a fiery fiery temper.temper. Jack was a Jack was a hot-tempered hot-tempered young man.young man. Their parents were having a Their parents were having a heated argument/debatheated argument/debat

e e about where to go. about where to go. They were having a They were having a blazingblazing//flaming flaming row.row. She often She often flares up flares up over nothing.over nothing. It made my blood It made my blood boilboil. . I I lost lost my my coolcool.. Alison was getting very Alison was getting very hot under the collarhot under the collar..

AngryAngry Losing your temper is like an Losing your temper is like an explosionexplosion.. When she told him, he nearly When she told him, he nearly explodedexploded. . He He blew up blew up at her. at her. Steve Steve couldn’t contain couldn’t contain his anger any longer.his anger any longer. It was an It was an explosive explosive situation. situation. I’m sorry I I’m sorry I blew blew my my toptop. . There was another angry There was another angry outburst outburst from Chris.from Chris. Alex was Alex was bursting bursting with anger. with anger. She’ll She’ll blow a fuse/a gasket blow a fuse/a gasket if she finds out. if she finds out. Bob Bob went ballistic went ballistic when he saw what they had done. when he saw what they had done. A major row A major row erupted erupted at the meeting.at the meeting.

ArgumentArgument An argument is like a An argument is like a fight fight or or warwar, with people attacki, with people attacki

ngng each other’s opinions and defending their own. each other’s opinions and defending their own. She tried to She tried to defend defend herself against his herself against his attacks attacks on her on her

ideas. ideas. She She shot down shot down his argument.his argument. That is an That is an indefensible indefensible point of view. point of view. I decided to pursue another I decided to pursue another line of attackline of attack.. We had a big We had a big fight fight last night, and I went home early. last night, and I went home early. There was a lot of There was a lot of conflict conflict over what to do next. over what to do next. It was a real It was a real battle of witsbattle of wits.. We We did battle with did battle with the council about the plans. the council about the plans. I’ve I’ve crossed swords with crossed swords with them before.them before.

ConfusedConfused Being confused is like being Being confused is like being lost lost or or in the wroin the wro

ng place ng place or or positionposition. . You’ve You’ve lost lost me. What do you mean? me. What do you mean? I was completely I was completely at seaat sea: it was all so new to m: it was all so new to m

e. e. I felt I felt adrift adrift and alone, with no real and alone, with no real sense of disense of di

rectionrection. . I seem to have I seem to have lost lost my my bearingsbearings. . I don’t I don’t know if know if I’m I’m coming or goingcoming or going. . I feel like I feel like a fish out of watera fish out of water. . You’ve got it all You’ve got it all back to frontback to front..

ConversationConversation A conversation or discussion is like a A conversation or discussion is like a journeyjourney, with the , with the

speakers going from one place to another. speakers going from one place to another. Let’s Let’s go back go back to what you were saying earlier. to what you were saying earlier. Can we Can we return return to the previous point? to the previous point? I can’t quite see where you’re I can’t quite see where you’re headingheading. . The conversation took anThe conversation took an unexpected unexpected turn/directionturn/direction. . I’m listening – I’m listening – Go onGo on!! We’ve We’ve covered covered a lot of a lot of groundground. . I was just I was just coming coming to that. to that.

ConversationConversation

We eventually We eventually arrived arrived at a conclusion. at a conclusion. It’s a It’s a roundabout roundabout way of saying she’s refusiway of saying she’s refusi

ng our offer. ng our offer. You’re You’re on the right/wrong trackon the right/wrong track. . We We wandered wandered off the topic. off the topic. The conversation The conversation drifted drifted rather aimlessly. rather aimlessly. We kept We kept going round and round in circlesgoing round and round in circles..

MindMind

Your mind is like a Your mind is like a container container or or areaarea, with tho, with thoughts being stored there or going in and out.ughts being stored there or going in and out.

The memory of that day is still fresh The memory of that day is still fresh in in my mind.my mind. A few doubts remained A few doubts remained at the back of at the back of my mind. my mind. Can’t you Can’t you get it into get it into your head that I’m not interestyour head that I’m not interest

ed?ed? His head is His head is filled filled with useless facts and figures.with useless facts and figures. I’ve been I’ve been searching searching my memory, but I still don’t knmy memory, but I still don’t kn

ow who she is.ow who she is.

MindMind

Try to relax: Try to relax: empty empty your mind.your mind. I I pushed/drove pushed/drove the thought the thought out of out of my mind. my mind. It It crossed crossed her mind that he was lying.her mind that he was lying. The idea never The idea never entered entered my head.my head. The name was The name was fixed/stuck in fixed/stuck in her mind. her mind. I have my suspicions, but I’m trying to keep aI have my suspicions, but I’m trying to keep a

n n open open mind.mind. His mind is His mind is closed closed to any new ideas.to any new ideas.

LifeLife Life is like a Life is like a journeyjourney, and your experiences are like diff, and your experiences are like diff

erent parts of a journey. Dying is like travelling to anoterent parts of a journey. Dying is like travelling to another place.her place.

The baby The baby arrived arrived just after midnight.just after midnight. He He came into the world came into the world in 1703. in 1703. I I set out set out to become a doctor, but it never worked out. to become a doctor, but it never worked out. She She went through went through life without ever knowing the truth.life without ever knowing the truth.

It’s all been an It’s all been an uphill uphill struggle. struggle. We seem to be at a We seem to be at a crossroadscrossroads. .

LifeLife His life His life took an unexpected directiontook an unexpected direction. . He He embarked on embarked on a new career. a new career. You’ve got to You’ve got to move on move on and forget about whaand forget about wha

t’s happened. t’s happened. Will they Will they go the distancego the distance? ? She’s well She’s well on the way to on the way to recovery. recovery. They’re They’re over the hill over the hill now. now. His grandmother His grandmother passed away/on passed away/on last year.last year. They remembered the They remembered the departed departed in their prayein their praye

rs.rs.

LifeLife Events in your life are like Events in your life are like gamesgames, with people trying t, with people trying t

o win, or with things happening by chance.o win, or with things happening by chance. I’m on a I’m on a winning/losing winning/losing streak. streak. You You win somewin some, you , you lose somelose some. . It’s all been It’s all been a race against timea race against time.. This is not a This is not a level playing fieldlevel playing field. . They’re planning to drop out of the They’re planning to drop out of the rat racerat race. . Is he Is he in/out of the runningin/out of the running? ? The election will be a The election will be a one-horse raceone-horse race.. They asked, but their parents wouldn’t They asked, but their parents wouldn’t play ballplay ball..

LifeLife

This development has been This development has been on/in the cards on/in the cards fofor some time. r some time.

If you If you play your cards rightplay your cards right, you shouldn’t h, you shouldn’t have any problems. ave any problems.

The cards were The cards were stacked against stacked against us. us. Then they played their Then they played their trump card trump card and we gavand we gav

e in. e in. We just had a We just had a lucky throw of the dicelucky throw of the dice. . All bets are off All bets are off – nobody knows what will hap– nobody knows what will hap

pen now.pen now.