Upload
vudung
View
229
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
BUTTER
FLY LAB
METAMORPHOSIS &THE ENVIRONMENT
Handouts 6th & 7th Grade Science Unit
EarthsBirthday.org1 800 698 4438
CONTENTS
Note: Answer Keys are in the Teacher Guide.
Handout: Controlled Experiment Step-by-Step 3-4
Handout: What Are the Parts of a Thermometer? 5
Handout: Make a Classroom Temperature Map 7-8
Handout: What Is Hot & What Is Not? 9-10
Handout: Data & Observations Day-to-Day 11-12
Handouts: 3 Graphs 13-15
Handouts: Lightbulb Inventory & Energy Costs 17-19
1 800 698 4438 EarthsBirthday.org
Earth’s Birthday Project cultivates hope for the future by inspiring wonder, learning & care of the natural world in children, teachers & parents.
Since 1989, more than 15 million children have delighted in raising butter f lies, learning about the natural world & supporting conservation. Our work empowers students to initiate environmentally responsible actions in school & at home.
A controlled experiment is a scientific way to learn by changing one variable and observing the results. The class will conduct a controlled experiment to learn how heat affects the metamorphosis of butterflies. You’ll begin by reviewing the steps of a controlled experiment.
Steps of a Controlled Experiment 1. Ask a testable question2. Conduct research3. Write a strong hypothesis – testable prediction of results4. Design a procedure or step-by-step sequence to collect data5. Analyze results or data using charts and graphs6. Draw conclusions about the hypothesis and the experiment 7. Then communicate what was learned
Step 1Ask a testable questionThere are all kinds of questions. But for a scientific investigation, the question needs to be testable. Testable questions can be answered by the students with hands-on experiments. Questions that are subjective or too general are not testable.
Testable question for this experiment How does temperature affect the metamorphosis of butterflies? Step 2Conduct researchResearch is learning more about the topic of the investigation. It’s also learning about the materials and tools that will be used in the experiment. You will be doing research on temperature and using a thermometer.
Step 3What makes a good hypothesis?A good hypothesis is a statement. It is not a question. It should not begin with I think.The hypothesis is a prediction about what will happen in the experiment.
For example Temperature affects the growth of caterpillars. Caterpillars that are cooler will grow slower than warmer caterpillars.
Make the hypothesis simple. Write your hypothesis in clear and simple language.
When – we do this action –, then – this will happen.
Be specific. Include your variables in the hypothesis. A good hypothesis includes the independent variable and the dependent variable.
A Controlled Experiment Step-by-StepReading Assignment
BUTTERFLY LAB
For example 1) When the temperature of the 3 cups of caterpillars is different, 2) then the butterflies will develop at different rates.
1) If one cup of caterpillars is warmer than the other two, 2) then the warmest cup will develop fastest.
Identify the independent and dependent variables in these hypotheses.
What are variables?Variables are any factor that can be controlled, changed or measured in an experiment. In a controlled experiment, there are usually 3 types of variables – independent, dependent and controlled.
1. An independent variable is what is varied or changed during the experiment; it is what affects the dependent variable2. The dependent variable is what will be measured; what will be affected during the experiment.3. The controlled variables are held constant. An experiment compares one factor or one independent variable, therefore all the other factors in the experiment should be kept the same or controlled.
Step 4Design your experiment carefully. The experiment is a test of the hypothesis. To prove or disprove your hypothesis, the procedure or step-by-step sequence of the experiment should stay the same for as long as you need it.
Take measurements and make observations. Recording measurements like the temperature of the cup and the length of the caterpillars will help you understand how your variable and the results are related. Measurements and observations are also called data.
Step 5Analyze your results. Review and compare your measurements and observations. Use charts and graphs to help you look at the data in new ways. What did you learn from each graph?
Step 6Make a conclusion. First, discuss if your hypothesis was proven or not proven. Then restate the proven or unproven hypothesis, integrating the conclusion.
Step 7Communicate the results. Scientists use texts, photographs, graphs, maps and illustrations to communicate the results of an experiment. You can be creative and find ways to help other people really understand the results of your experiment.
A Controlled Experiment cont’d
BUTTERFLY LAB
The
tem
pera
ture
is
° Ce
lsiu
s.
The
tem
pera
ture
is
° Ce
lsiu
s.
50 40 30 20 10 0
-10
-20
-30
o CE
LSIUS
50 40 30 20 10 0
-10
-20
-30
o CE
LSIUS
50 40 30 20 10 0
-10
-20
-30
o CE
LSIUS
Wha
t A
re t
he P
arts
of
a Th
erm
omet
er?
Nam
e
• bul
b
• sca
le
• red
liqu
id
• gla
ss t
ube
The
tem
pera
ture
is
° Ce
lsiu
s.
Dat
e
Cla
ssro
om T
empe
ratu
re M
ap
#1 D
esk
______
______
______
______
______
______
___
___
____ °
C
Top
Vie
wSi
de V
iew
Init
ial R
oom
Tem
pera
ture
____
___ °C
Tim
e ___
____
Whe
re d
o yo
u pr
edic
t th
e w
arm
est
spot
in t
he ro
om is
?
Whe
re d
o yo
u pr
edic
t th
e co
ldes
t sp
ot in
the
room
is?
On
the
map
, loo
king
dow
n fr
om a
bove
, dra
w
whe
re t
he d
oor,
win
dow
s an
d te
ache
r’s d
esk
are.
Writ
e 1,
2, 3
or 4
whe
re y
our l
ocat
ions
are
.
On
the
map
, loo
king
fro
m t
he s
ide,
dra
w
whe
re t
he w
indo
ws
and
teac
her’s
des
k ar
e.W
rite
1, 2
, 3 o
r 4 w
here
you
r loc
atio
ns a
re.
#2 W
indo
w ___
______
______
______
______
___
___
____ °
C
#3 L
ow ___
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_ ° C
#4
Hig
h ___
______
______
______
______
______
____
__
_____ °
C
Nam
eD
ate
Cla
ssro
om T
empe
ratu
re M
ap G
raph
Nam
eD
ate
DESK
WIN
DOW
HIGH
LEGEN
D:
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1032 31 30 29 28 27 2633 25 DEGREES CELSIUS
LOW
#1 D
esk
_____
__ ° C
#2
Win
dow
_____
__ ° C
#3
Low
_____
__ ° C
#4
Hig
h __
_____ °
C
SCIENCE READINGWhat Is Hot and What Is Not?
You can feel if something is hot or cold with your skin. When you wash your hands, the water feels warm. If you hold an ice cube in your hand, it feels cold. When a substance feels hot or cold, you are sensing the heat energy that it contains. Different people sense hot and cold differently, but science measures it precisely. Heat energy is the energy of moving atoms and molecules. The faster the molecules or atoms are moving, the more heat energy they produce.
Sometimes we need to measure heat energy. Temperature is the measure of the heat energy in a substance. It is measured using a thermometer. A doctor uses a thermometer to measure the body’s temperature. On an oven, you can set an exact temperature to bake cupcakes.
A thermometer is typically a narrow glass tube. It is sealed. One end of the tube is a bulb that contains a red liquid. The red liquid inside the tube expands when it is heated. It contracts when it is cooled. This is because the molecules that make up the liquid expand and contract. Molecules move a little further apart and move faster when they are heated. Molecules also move a little closer together and more slowly when they are cooled.
On the side of the glass tube is a series of marks called a scale. The scale is used to measure the height of the red liquid in the thermometer. The marks are also called degrees. You would say that the temperature in your classroom is 70 degrees Fahrenheit or 70°F. The ° symbol is another way to show degrees.
There are two temperature scales commonly used around the world. In the United States, the Fahrenheit scale is used to report the weather, read the temperature of the body and in recipes. In the Fahrenheit scale, 32°F is the degree that water freezes and 212°F when it boils. The Celsius scale, represented by a C, is used in most of the world for everyday temperatures. The Celsius scale is also used by scientists all over the world to record data. As part of the decimal system, 0°C is the degree that water freezes and 100°C when it boils.
SCIENCE READINGWhat Is Hot and What Is Not?
1. Two people are drinking hot chocolate. One person says that it is too hot to drink and the other says that it is just right.a. The two people are making scientific observations.b. The second person is lying in order to seem tough.c. The sense of heat can be different for each person.d. Cold means there is no heat energy.
2. Temperature is the measure of heat energy.a. A thermometer is always how heat energy is measured.b. Only a doctor should use a thermometer.c. A thermometer is one type of instrument used to measure heat energy.d. You can measure heat energy with your hand.
3. Many thermometers have a narrow glass tube filled with a liquid.a. The liquid in the tube must be red.b. The liquid expands when it gets warmer.c. If you touch the red liquid that is made from alcohol you might die.d. Mercury is no longer used in most thermometers because it is too expensive.
4. Heat energy is measured in degrees.a. All thermometers use a scale to show the degrees.b. All thermometers are long and narrow.c. A small circle next to the number of degrees is a symbol for degrees.d. On thermometers all scales are the same.
5. There are two scales used around the world.a. The USA is the only country that uses the Fahrenheit scale.b. Scientific work usually uses the Celsius scale to record data.c. Water boils at 212 degrees Celsius.d. Weather forecasters always use the Celsius scale to report the temperature.
6. In a typically narrow glass tube thermometer, it works because of the expansion and contraction of the liquid.a. When the molecules in the liquid move fast and bump into each other, the temperature is getting colder.b. Atoms and molecules are always the same.c. Molecules of alcohol and water expand and contract at the same rate. d. The molecules in a thermometer always expand when heated.
Bonus Question: Why do thermometers never use water for the liquid in the tube?
Name ___________________
Date ____________________
Dat
a &
Obs
erva
tion
s D
ay-t
o-D
ayQ
uest
ion:
Nam
eG
roup
Hyp
othe
sis:
Day
_____
__
Dat
e ___
______
___Cu
p 1
• ____
___ °
C •
Leng
th __
___ _
____
_____
_____
____
_ ___
__
Mod
e ___
______
_St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
Cup
2 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Cup
3 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Day
_____
__
Dat
e ___
______
___Cu
p 1
• ____
___ °
C •
Leng
th __
___ _
____
_____
_____
____
_ ___
__
Mod
e ___
______
_St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
Cup
2 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Cup
3 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Day
_____
__
Dat
e ___
______
___Cu
p 1
• ____
___ °
C •
Leng
th __
___ _
____
_____
_____
____
_ ___
__
Mod
e ___
______
_St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
Cup
2 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Cup
3 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Day
_____
__
Dat
e ___
______
___Cu
p 1
• ____
___ °
C •
Leng
th __
___ _
____
_____
_____
____
_ ___
__
Mod
e ___
______
_St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
Cup
2 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Cup
3 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Dat
a &
Obs
erva
tion
s D
ay-t
o-D
ay co
ntin
ued
Day
_____
__
Dat
e ___
______
___Cu
p 1
• ____
___ °
C •
Leng
th __
___ _
____
_____
_____
____
_ ___
__
Mod
e ___
______
_St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
Cup
2 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Cup
3 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Day
_____
__
Dat
e ___
______
___Cu
p 1
• ____
___ °
C •
Leng
th __
___ _
____
_____
_____
____
_ ___
__
Mod
e ___
______
_St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
Cup
2 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Cup
3 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Day
_____
__
Dat
e ___
______
___Cu
p 1
• ____
___ °
C •
Leng
th __
___ _
____
_____
_____
____
_ ___
__
Mod
e ___
______
_St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
Cup
2 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Cup
3 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Day
_____
__
Dat
e ___
______
___Cu
p 1
• ____
___ °
C •
Leng
th __
___ _
____
_____
_____
____
_ ___
__
Mod
e ___
______
_St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
____
Cup
2 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Cup
3 • _
______
° C
• Le
ngth
_____
____
_ ___
__ __
___ _
____
_____
M
ode
______
___St
age
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
CUP
1CU
P 2
CUP
3KE
Y:24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 18 0
NUMBER OF DAYS30 29 28 27 26 25
Com
parin
g th
e R
ate
of M
etam
orph
osis
in B
utte
rflie
sN
ame
Dat
e
# OF
DAY
S-PU
PA
# OF
DAY
S-LA
RVA
TOTA
L DAY
S-LA
RVA
TO A
DULT
# OF
DAY
S-PU
PA
# OF
DAY
S-LA
RVA
TOTA
L DAY
S-LA
RVA
TO A
DULT
# OF
DAY
S-PU
PA
# OF
DAY
S-LA
RVA
TOTA
L DAY
S-LA
RVA
TO A
DULT
Com
parin
g Te
mps
of
3 C
ups
of L
arva
DAYS
KEY:24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1028 27 26 25
DEGREES CELSIUS
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
15
Nam
eD
ate
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Com
parin
g C
ater
pilla
rs’ R
ate
of G
row
th
DAYS
UNITS OF LENGTH
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
15
12 11 10 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 18 0
Nam
eD
ate
KEY:
16
Com
parin
g Ty
pes
of L
ight
bulb
s A
t H
ome
30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 18 0IN
CAND
ESCE
NTCF
LLE
DHA
LOGE
NUN
KNOW
N
KEY:
TOTA
L NUM
BER
OF LI
GHTB
ULBS
TOTA
L NUM
BER
OF LI
GHTB
ULBS
NUMBER OF LIGHTBULBSN
ame
Dat
e
Ligh
tbul
b D
iagr
ams
& E
nerg
y C
osts
Nam
eD
ate
Com
pact
fluo
resc
ent
light
bulb
Inca
ndes
cent
ligh
tbul
b
Gla
ss m
ount
Elec
tric
al c
onta
ct
Supp
ort w
ires
Fila
men
t
Iner
t gas
UV
light
Balla
st
Mer
cury
-arg
on
gas
Phos
phor
co
atin
g
Gla
ss tu
be
Ligh
tbul
b D
iagr
ams
& E
nerg
y C
osts
Nam
eD
ate
CFL
The
com
pact
fluo
resc
ent
light
bulb
(CFL
) is
______
_____
wat
ts.
Elec
tric
met
ers
mea
sure
kilo
wat
ts;
1,0
00
wat
ts e
qual
s 1
kilo
wat
t, s
o yo
u w
ill n
eed
to d
ivid
e
the
wat
tage
of
the
light
bulb
by
1,0
00
to c
alcu
late
the
kilo
wat
ts (
kW)
used
.
______
_____
wat
tage
of
CFL
÷ 1,
00
0 =
______
_____
kW
Cou
nt t
he n
umbe
r of
days
the
ligh
tbul
b w
as o
nan
d co
mpl
ete
the
form
ula.
______
___ d
ays × 2
4 ho
urs =
______
____ h
ours
Nex
t ca
lcul
ate
the
kilo
wat
t ho
urs.
_
______
___ k
W ×
______
____ h
ours
= __
______
__ kW
hou
rs
Her
e is
the
form
ula
to c
alcu
late
the
cost
of e
nerg
y.
kW U
sed
x H
ours
Use
d x
$0.0
9 =
Cos
t of
Ene
rgy
(CoE
)
In J
anua
ry 2
016
from
PN
M, 1
kW
cos
t $0
.09.
Plug
in th
e nu
mbe
rs to
cal
cula
te th
e co
st o
f ene
rgy
used
by
kee
ping
the
CFL
on
for m
any
days
.
______
____ k
W h
ours
× $0
.09
= $_
______
___ C
oE
Wha
t wou
ld th
e co
st b
e if
the
tota
l num
ber o
f lig
htbu
lbs
in
your
hou
se w
ere
CFL
and
kep
t on
for t
hat
man
y ho
urs?
______
____ t
otal
ligh
tbul
bs ×
$____
______
CoE
= $
______
____ T
otal
CoE
Inca
ndes
cent
Th
e in
cand
esce
nt li
ghtb
ulb
(CFL
) is
______
_____
wat
ts.
Elec
tric
met
ers
mea
sure
kilo
wat
ts;
1,0
00
wat
ts e
qual
s 1
kilo
wat
t, s
o yo
u w
ill n
eed
to d
ivid
e
the
wat
tage
of
the
light
bulb
by
1,0
00
to c
alcu
late
the
kilo
wat
ts (
kW)
used
.
______
_____
wat
tage
of
CFL
÷ 1,
00
0 =
______
_____
kW
Cou
nt t
he n
umbe
r of
days
the
ligh
tbul
b w
as o
nan
d co
mpl
ete
the
form
ula.
______
___ d
ays × 2
4 ho
urs =
______
____ h
ours
Nex
t ca
lcul
ate
the
kilo
wat
t ho
urs.
_
______
___ k
W ×
______
____ h
ours
= __
______
__ kW
hou
rs
Her
e is
the
form
ula
to c
alcu
late
the
cost
of e
nerg
y.
kW U
sed
x H
ours
Use
d x
$0.0
9 =
Cos
t of
Ene
rgy
(CoE
)
In J
anua
ry 2
016
from
PN
M, 1
kW
cos
t $0
.09.
Plug
in th
e nu
mbe
rs to
cal
cula
te th
e co
st o
f ene
rgy
used
by
kee
ping
the
inca
ndes
cent
on
for m
any
days
.
______
____ k
W h
ours
× $0
.09
= $_
______
___ C
oE
Wha
t wou
ld th
e co
st b
e if
the
tota
l num
ber o
f lig
htbu
lbs
in
your
hou
se w
ere
inca
ndes
cent
& k
ept o
n fo
r tha
t man
y ho
urs?
______
____ t
otal
ligh
tbul
bs ×
$____
______
CoE
= $
______
____ T
otal
CoE