METAHEURISTICS : Progress as Real Problem Solvers

INTERFACES SERIES

Series Editors Professor Ramesh Sharda Oklahoma State Univetsity

Prof. Dr. Stefan VoB Univetsitat Hamburg

Other published titles in the series:

Greenberg /A Computer-Assisted Analysis System for Mathematical Programming Models and Solutions: A User's Guide for ANALYZE

Greenberg / Modeling by Object-Driven Linear Elemental Relations: A Users Guide for MODLER Brown & Scherer / Intelligent Scheduling Systems Nash & Sofer / The Impact of Emerging Technologies on Computer Science & Operations

Research Barth / Logic-Based 0-1 Constraint Programming Jones I Visualization and Optimization Ban , Helgason & Kennington / Interfaces in Computer Science & Operations Research:

Advances in Metaheuristics, Optimization, & Stochastic Modeling Technologies Ellacott, Mason & Anderson / Mathematics of Neural Networks: Models, Algorithms &

Applications Woodru f f I Advances in Computational & Stochastic Optimization, Logic Programming, and

Heuristic Search Klein I Scheduling of Resource-Constrained Projects Bierwirth /Adaptive Search and the Management of Logistics Systems Laguna & GonzBlez-Velarde 1 Computing Tools for Modeling, Optimization and Simulation -

Stilman I Linguistic Geometry: From Search to Construction Sakawa I Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization Ribeiro & Hansen I Essays and Surveys in Metaheuristics Holsapple, Jacob & Rao I Business Modelling: Multidisciplinary Approaches - Economics,

Operational and Information Systems Perspectives Sleezer, Wentl ing & CudelHuman Resource Development And Information Technology: Making

Global Connections VoR & Woodru f f / Optimization Soflware Class Libraries Upadhyaya et a1 / Mobile Computing: Implementing Pervasive Information and Communications

Technologies Reeves & Rowe / Genetic Algorithms-Principles and Perspectives: A Guide to GA Theory Bhargava & Ye / Computational Modeling And Problem Solving In The Networked World:

Interfaces in Computer Science & Operations Research Woodru f f / Network Interdiction And Stochastic Integer Programming Anandalingam & Raghavan / Telecommunications Network Design And Management Laguna & Marti / Scatter Search: Methodology And Implementations In C - Gosavi/Simulation-Based Optimization: Parametric Optimization Techniques and Reinforcement

Learning Koutsoukis & Mitra 1 Decision Modelling And Information Systems: The Information Value Chain Milano / Constraint And Integer Programming: Toward a Un@ed Methodology Wi lson & Nuzzolo I Schedule-Based Dynamic Transit Modeling: Theory and Applications Golden, Raghavan & Wasil / The Next Wave In Computing, Optimization, And Decision

Technologies Rego & Alidaeel Metaheuristics Optimization Via Memory and Evolution: Tabu Search and

Scatter Search Kitamura & Kuwaharal Simulation Approaches in Transportation Analysis: Recent Advances and

Challenges

METAHEURISTICS: Progress as Real Problem Solvers

edited by

Toshihide Ibaraki Koji Nonobe

Mutsunori Yagiura

a - Springer

Toshihide Ibaraki Koji Nonobe Mutsunori Yagiura Kyoto University Kyoto University Kyoto University Japan Japan Japan

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10: 0-387-25382-3 e-ISBN: 0-387-25383-1 Printed on acid-free paper. ISBN-13: 9780387253824

Copyright O 2005 by Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if the are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

Printed in the United States of America.

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SPIN 11053361

Contents

Preface

Part I Invited Paper

1 Metaheuristic Agent Processes (MAPS) Red Glover and Gary Kochenberger

Part I1 Tutorial Paper

2 GRASP with Path-Relinking: Recent Advances and Applications Mauricio G.C. Resende and Celso C. Ribeiro

Part I11 Papers on Problem Solving

3 A Tabu Search Heuristic for a University Timetabling Problem 65

Halvard Arntzen and Arne Lflkketangen

An Investigation of Automated Planograms Using a Simulated An- 87 nealing Based Hyper-Heuristic Ruibin Bai and Graham Kendall

5 Validation and Optimization of an Elevator Simulation Model with 109 Modern Search Heuristics Thomas Bartz-Beielstein, Mike Preuss and Sandor Markon

6 Multi-Objective Hyper-Heuristic Approaches for Space Allocation 129 and Timetabling Edmund K. Burke, J. Dario Landa Silva and Eric Soubeiga

7 Theory and Practice of the Minimum Shift Design Problem 159

Luca Di Gaspero, Johannes Gartner, Guy Kortsarz, Nysret Musliu, Andrea Schaerf and Wolfgang Slany

vi Metaheuristics: Progress as Real Problem Solvers

8 Local Search Algorithms for the Two-Dimensional Cutting Stock 181 Problem with a Given Number of Different Patterns Shinji Imahori, Mutsunori Yagiura, Shunji Umetani, Shinya Adachi and Toshihide Ibaraki

9 A Generic Object-Oriented Tabu Search Framework Hoong C. Lau, Xiaomin Jia and Wee C. Wan

10 Bi-Objective Sequencing of Cutting Patterns: An application for the paper industry Ana Respicio and M. Eugdnia Captivo

11 Metaheuristics Approach for Rule Acquisition in Flexible Shop Schedul- 243 ing Problems Kazutoshi Sakakibara, Hisashi Tamaki, Hajime Murao and Shinzo Kitamura

12 Predicting Colorectal Cancer Recurrence: A Hybrid Neural Networks- 259 Based Approach Rob Smithies, Said Salhi and Nut Queen

13 A Constructive Genetic Approach to Point-Feature Cartographic 287 Label Placement Missae Yamamoto and Luiz A.N. Lorena

Part IV Papers on Methodologies

14 Parallel Strategies for GRASP with Path-Relinking Renata M. Aiex and Mauricio G. C. Resende

15 Speeding Up Local Search Neighborhood Evaluation for a Multi- Dimensional Knapsack Problem Ross J. W . James

16 Computationally Difficult Instances for the Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem Yuri Kochetov and Dmitry Ivanenko

Contents

17 Consistent Neighbourhood in a Tabu Search Michel Vasquez, Audrey Dupont and Djamal Habet

vii

369

18 Constraint Oriented Neighbourhoods - A New Search Strategy in 389 Metaheuristics Ana Vzana, Jorge P. Sousa and Manuel A. Matos

Preface

Facing many computationally hard problems in real-world applica- tions, the framework of metaheuristics is becoming one of the most powerful panaceas, as it can produce robust and efficient algorithms that compute approximate solutions of high quality in realistic computation time.

Algorithms in metaheuristics may be simply viewed as the repetition of the following two basic steps: (1) Generation of solutions and (2) its improvement by local search. Extensive generalizations and sophistica- tions of these two steps, however, have been proposed and tested. The solution generation may reflect the past computational history; e.g., they may be generated by randomized selections from the promising solution areas, by modifications of good solutions currently available, and by crossover or path relinking operations applied to a pool of candidate solutions compiled by then. The local search may also be realized in different ways; e.g., the search in the neighborhood may be done de- terministically or probabilistically, moves to worse solutions may be ac- cepted under certain circumstances, the evaluation function that guides the search can be adaptively modified, the size of neighborhood may change depending on the current status of computation, and so forth. Furthermore the repetition of two basic steps can be controlled by var- ious strategies. As outcomes of these, we see many algorithms with different names such as simulated annealing, tabu search, genetic algo- rithms, evolutionary computation, genetic local search, greedy random- ized adaptive search procedures (GRASP), scatter search, ant system, variable neighborhood search, guided local search, iterated local search, noising methods, threshold accepting, memetic algorithms, neural net- works, and their hybrids.

Perhaps, the field of metaheuristics has been matured enough to a certain level, and main focus is now being shifted to their applications as real problem solving tools. This is why the title of this volume has the subtitle, Progress as Real Problem Solvers.

This book is a collection of selected papers from those presented at the Fifth Metaheuristic International Conference (MIC2003), held in

x Metaheuristics: Progress as Real Problem Solvers

Kyoto, Japan, 25-28 August 2003. All papers were peer-reviewed ac- cording to a tight standard, and as a result only eighteen papers could survive. Among those eighteen papers, there is one invited paper writ- ten by F. Glover and G. Kochenberger, which proposes the concept of metaheuristic agent processes. There is one tutorial paper by M. G.C. Resende and C. C. Ribeiro discussing GRASP with path-relinking. Other papers are classified as those of problem solving and those of methodologies. The problems discussed in problem solving papers in- clude timetabling, automated planograms, elevators, space allocation, shift design, cutting stock, flexible shop scheduling, colorectal cancer and cartography. Methodology papers try to clarify various aspects of metaheuristics mainly from computational view point. We believe that all the papers represent the current cutting edges of the metaheuristics study as problem solvers.

As editors of this volume, we wish to thank all the anonymous re- viewers who contributed their time to make this volume of very high quality. The cooperation from the members of Organizing Committee and Program Committee of MIC2003 was essential for the success of this project, whose lists are given in the next page. From the financial side, we particularly appreciate the support given by the Kyoto Uni- versity foundation, and the supports given by the Telecommunications Advancement Foundation and Kayamori Foundation of Informational Science Advancement. Finally the supports from the Operations Re- search Society of Japan and scheduling Society of Japan are gratefully acknowledged.

Kyoto, November 2004

Toshihide Ibaraki Koji Nonobe

Mutsunori Yagiura

Preface

COMMITTEES OF MIC2003

Organizing committee Masao F'ukushima (Kyoto University) Toshihide Ibaraki (Kyoto University), Chair Hiroaki Ishii (Osaka University) Kazuo Iwama (Kyoto University) Naoki Katoh (Kyoto University) Hiroshi Kise (Kyoto Institute of Technology) Koji Nonobe (Kyoto University) Nobuo Sannomiya (Kyoto Institute of Technology) Hisashi Tamaki (Kobe University) Mutsunori Yagiura (Kyoto University) Yasunari Yoshitomi (Kyoto Prefectural University), Cochair

Program committee Takao Asano (Japan) Hajime Ase (Japan) Jacek Blazewicz (Poland) Endre Boros (USA) Peter Brucker (Germany) Edmund Burke (UK) Philippe Codognet (France) Josk S. Ferreira(Portuga1) Nobuo Funabiki (Japan) Michel Gendreau (Canada) Fred Glover (USA) Peter Greistorfer (Austria) Pierre Hansen (Canada) Jin-Kao Hao (France) Tomio Hirata (Japan) Hitoshi Iba (Japan) Toshihide Ibaraki (Japan), Chair Andrzej Jaszkiewicz (Poland) Taichi Kaji (Japan) Kengo Katayama (Japan) Hajime Kita (Japan) Shigenobu Kobayashi (Japan) Nobuyuki Konishi (Japan) Mikio Kubo (Japan) Andrea Lodi (Italy) Arne L~kketangen (Norway)

Helena R. Lourenqo (Spain) Silvano Martello (Italy) Pablo Moscato (Australia) Azuma Ohuchi (Japan) Josk F. Oliveira (Portugal) Isao Ono (Japan) Ibrahim Osman (Lebanon) Erwin Pesch (Germany) Gkrard Plateau (France) Cksar Rego (USA) Mauricio Resende (USA) Celso C. Ribeiro (Brazil) Catherine Roucairol (France) Hussain A. Saleh (Belgium) Marc Sevaux (France) Jorge P. Sousa (Portugal) ~ r i c Taillard (Switzerland) Jacques Teghem (Belgium) Paolo Toth (Italy) Katsuji Uosaki (Japan) Vicente Valls (Spain) Stefan Vo8 (Germany) Mutsunori Yagiura (Japan), Cochair Takeshi Yamada (Japan) Masayuki Yamamura (Japan) Ming- Jong Yao (Taiwan)