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Metabolic Fingerprinting Report
GENOROOTLaboratory Findings
Xxxx Xxxx Xxxx
Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Page No. 1 of 9
Report Summary
GENOROOTMetabolic Fingerprinting
Conditions of Reporting
The analysis of urine sample is done by GC/MS Method at PreventiNe Life Care - Navi Mumbai, India The metabolites and health conditions mapping is not mutually unique and there can be other forms in which an abnormality may be apparent. Similarly, a particular health condition may not exclusively be an outcome of the disorder(s) in consideration. Isolated laboratory investigations do not confirm the final diagnosis of a disease. They help in arriving at a diagnosis in conjunction with clinical presentation and other related investigations. It is important to monitor your health and take a proactive approach should there be any unhealthy condition(s) within or beyond scope of this test. GenoROOT - Metabolic Fingerprinting test analyzes a sample for limited metabolites/markers and their effects on human health. It is presumed that the specimen belongs to the person named or identified in the Test Request Form.All investigations have their limitations which are imposed by the limits of sensitivity and specificity of individual assay procedures as well as the quality of specimen received by the laboratory. A possibility of 1% error is there leading to a false positive or a false negative result.GenoROOT test is not intended to replace the medical advice and/or treatment obtained from a qualified healthcare practitioner.
A test requested might not be performed for the following reasons: a. Specimen quantity insufficient (inadequate collection/ pilferage in transit) b. Specimen quality (contaminated, fungal growth) c. Incorrect specimen type.
GFM630491 Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Patient Name Collected On Thu, 26 Jun 2014
Age Received On Thu, 3 Jul 2014
Date of Birth
Xxxx Xxxx Xxxxxx17 years 7 months 6 days Wed, 20 Nov 1996 Report Date Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Benzoic acid and Phenylacetate levels are elevated in the present urine sample. In gut metabolism whether the
source is dietary intake or jejunal bacterial metabolism, benzoate is expected to rapidly convert into hippurate
by conjugation with glycine. Glycine and pantothenic acid (Vit B5) can be limiting factors in this process.
Elevated benzoate is suggestive of inadequacy of glycine or pantothenic acid(Vit B5) for conjugation reactions
in the detoxification system.
Abnormalities of urinary benzoate reveal significant detoxification or dysbiosis issues or intestinal bacterial
overgrowth of various origins which may or may not be clinically significant in the present case. It is
recommended to optimize the anti-gastroesophageal reflux therapy currently taken. Introduction of probiotics is
recommended in the present case. The findings need to be correlated with other clinical and diagnostic findings.
It is recommended to repeat the test in 3 months time after lifestyle and clinical intervention mentioned above
to monitor the gut metabolism.
Reviewed By Approved By
Dr. Mahesh Hampe Dr. Pramod Ingale
MBBS , MD (Biochemistry) MBBS , MD (Biochemistry)
Page No. 2 of 9
Understanding your report
Your GENOROOT Report has TWO Sections:
Understanding the Graphical Representation
Metabolite Markers - Metabolic Markers are “indicators” measured in your sample. They characterize your state of health or disease and help make inference(s) in case of non-specific health conditions which can be an outcome of problems with your metabolism.
Control Values - The normal range within which the value of the metabolic marker should ideally fall.
Your Value - The actual value of a Metabolic Marker in your sample. This is represented by a Blue Dot in the risk bar.
Risk Bar - The pictorial representation in form of a horizontal bar with Green at left end and Red at right end. It signifies that if your value (blue dot) is more towards red end, it is a problem situation and if it is more towards green end, it is a normal situation. If it is in the overlap zone, you may consider consulting your family doctor.
Safe Zone - If the value of a marker measured in your sample falls in this region, you can relax and maintain the lifestyle you have.
Medium Zone - If the value of a marker measured in your sample falls in this region, you may consider getting counseled by your family physician or a metabolism expert. You may need to bring minor changes in your lifestyle for a better health. There is not much reason to worry though.
Risk Zone - If the value of a marker measured in your sample falls in this region, it will be a matter of concern. You must consult your family physician or a metabolism expert.
Section A - The technical report which gives you a graphical representation of various metabolic markers in your sample.
Section B - A general guide for quick reference on nutritional component in various dietary sources.
Definitions
In the technical report section, you will see the representation of test which was conducted and interpreted by our metabolic experts and scientists. In this section you will get to study a short explanation on various elements used in the analysis. This section will also enable external metabolic experts to review the analysis results and confirm the diagnosis or give further advises.
Phenylalanine 4.934 ND
Metabolite Control Value Observed Value Representation
Observed value
Safe Zone
Medium Zone
Risk Zone
GFM630491 Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Page No. 3 of 9
Metabolite Control Value Observed Value Representation
Section A - Metabolite Markers and Their Values
GFM630491 Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Fatty Acid Metabolism
Adipate 0.110-2.763 1.255
Suberate 0.000-2.330 1.034
EMA 0.000-7.677 0.000
Sebacate 0.000-0.100 0.020
Me-succinate 0.000-0.100 0.043
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Pyruvate 0.000-4.237 0.000
Lactate 1.100-208.080 80.970
2KG 0.000-0.100 0.035
3HB 0.000-0.100 0.009
Neurotransmitter Metabolism
HVA 0.080-5.174 2.038
VMA 0.030-2.955 0.658
Qinolinate 0.000-3.599 1.527
Kynurate 0.000-4.484 2.004
5HindoleAA 0.000-0.100 0.046
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Metabolism
MethylMalonate 0.000-10.406 4.851
Uracil 0.000-4.065 1.816
Formiminoglutamate 1.100-208.080 69.447
Detoxification Profile
Pyroglutamate 0.660-8.555 2.662
2Hydroxy Butyrate 0.000-0.100 0.025
Mandelate 0.000-16.057 0.560
Orotate 0.000-19.302 0.000
Energy Production Markers
Citrate 0.000-4.118 0.695
Malate 0.030-6.086 1.311
succinate 0.030-2.684 1.038
cisaconate 0.000-2.948 1.177
isocitric acid 0.000-0.100 0.041
Hydroxy Methyl Glutarate 0.000-3.763 0.517Page No. 4 of 9
GFM630491 Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Oxalate Metabolism
Glycolate 0.160-3.967 1.017
Glycerate 0.020-2.360 0.039
Oxalate 0.000-17.517 6.758
Vitamin Metabolism Markers
VitC 0.000-14.084 1.163
Vit B5 0.000-0.100 0.043
Xanthurenic acid 1.100-208.080 86.530
3HIV 0.000-4.479 0.596
4AB 0.000-0.100 0.008
Glutarate 0.000-14.146 0.686
4HPA 0.130-8.657 1.335
Kynurate 0.000-4.484 0.489
succinate 0.030-2.684 1.003
Fumarate 1.100-208.080 11.999
Glutamin 0.000-4.544 0.515
Leucine 0.000-2.980 1.322
Hydroxy Methyl Glutarate 0.000-3.763 0.517
Pyruvate 0.000-4.237 0.000
Adipate 0.110-2.763 1.255
Malate 0.030-6.086 1.311
Suberate 0.000-2.330 1.034
EMA 0.000-7.677 0.000
Kynurate 0.000-4.484 2.004
succinate 0.030-2.684 1.038
Isoleucine 0.000-4.277 1.311
Pyruglutamate 0.660-8.555 3.607
Me-citrate 0.000-5.260 1.438
Nutritional Markers
Leucine 0.000-2.980 1.322
glycine 0.120-7.719 1.923
Lysine 0.000-3.878 1.151
Isoleucine 0.000-4.277 1.311
Histidine 0.000-7.096 0.180
Phenylalanine 0.000-7.910 1.220
Beta-alanine 0.000-11.312 5.059
serine 0.320-14.260 0.242
threonine 0.000-4.531 1.999
Page No. 5 of 9
GFM630491 Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Dysbiosis Markers
2HIC 0.000-0.100 0.041
4-Hydroxy Benzoate 0.000-3.635 3.210
Phenyl acetate 0.000-1.851 2.780
4HPL 0.000-0.100 0.039
Hippurate 0.000-13.815 5.321
Benzoate 0.000-3.780 4.680
3-Indole acetate 0.000-0.100 0.037
2-Hydroxy Hippurate 1.100-208.080 69.040
Tartarate 0.000-0.100 0.045
Arabinose 0.000-5.917 0.974
Citramallic 1.100-208.080 96.928
4-Hydroxyhippurate 1.100-208.080 71.965
4-hydroxyphenylacetate 0.130-8.657 1.048
3HP3HPA 0.000-4.354 1.047
5HM2F 0.000-4.362 1.455
2HPA 0.000-0.100 0.045
Technical Details
The reference ranges for metabolic markers were established using samples collected from typical individuals of all ages
and both the genders.The individuals were known to be with no known physiological or psychological disorders. The
ranges were determined by calculating the mean and standard deviation (SD) and are defined as +/-2SD of the mean.
Reference ranges are age and gender specific. They have been calculated for Male Adult (>14 years), Female Adult (>14
years), Male Child (<14 years), and Female Child (<14 years).The graph represents whether the value of the patient is
within the reference (normal) range, defined as the mean plus or minus two standard deviations.
Page No. 6 of 9
Vitamin E
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
Vitamin B3 ( Niacin )
Vitamin C
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Source
Source
Source
Source
Source
Source
Source
Source
Needed for vision, healthy skin and mucous membranes, bone and tooth growth, immune system health
An antioxidant. It helps to slow down processes that damage cells.
Needed for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver. They also help the nervous system function properly, and are needed for good brain function.
Plays an important role in maintaining muscle tone along the digestive tract.
Food containing live bacteria which have health benefitting properties.
Needed for the growth and repair of tissues
Works as an antioxidant by fighting damaging particles in the body known as free radicals which damage cells and DNA, and may contribute to the aging process.
Helps treat dietary deficiencies.
Liver and fish liver oil, egg yolks, whole milk, cream, butter
Cold-pressed vegetable, seed and nut oils, wheat germ oil, whole grains, soybeans, uncooked green peas, spinach, asparagus, kale, cucumber
Whole or enriched grain products, brown rice, brewers yeast, blackstrap molasses, spinach, cauliflower, most nuts, sunflower seeds, peanuts, peas, beans, avocado, pork.
Synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan, Liver and other organ meats, poultry, fish, peanuts, brewer’s yeast, dried beans and peas, wheat germ, whole grains, avocado, dates.
Kefir, yogurt, fermented vegetables, branded-supplements
Citrus fruits, strawberries, mango, papaya, watermelon, tomatoes, broccoli. Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, spinach
Whole or enriched grain products, brewer’s yeast, organ meats, mackerel, trout, shad, eggs, shellfish, millet, wild rice, dried peas, beans, sunflower seeds, asparagus, collards, broccoli, spinach, mushrooms, avocado
Organ meats, chicken, beef, brewer’s yeast, egg yolks, fish, chicken, whole grains, cheese, peanuts, dried beans, sweet potato, green peas, broccoli, avocado, cauliflower.
Vitamin A
Probiotics
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Folic Acid
Source
Source
Source
Source
Helps the body make neurotransmitters. These are chemicals that carry signals from one nerve cell to another and are needed for normal brain development and function.
Is necessary for normal blood clotting and synthesis of proteins found in plasma, bone and kidneys.
Is important for metabolism and helps in the formation of red blood cells and maintenance of the central nervous system.
Folate promotes normal digestion; essential for development of red blood cells.
Liver and other organ meats, fish, poultry, egg yolk, whole wheat, wheat germ, soybeans and other dried beans, peanuts, wal- nuts, banana, prunes, potatoes, cauliflower, cabbage, avocado
Whole grains, organ meats, trout, herring, mackerel, crab, oysters, egg yolk, yogurt, tempeh
Spinach, kale, beet greens, beets, chard, asparagus, broccoli, liver, brewer ' s yeast, whole grains
Synthesized by intestinal bacteria, dark leafy greens, blackstrap molasses, liver, milk, yogurt, egg yolks, fish liver oils
Section B - Food Source Guide
A
E C
B1 B2
B3 B5
B6 B12
K
Folic
GFM630491 Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Page No. 7 of 9
L-Carnitine
Magnesium
L-Phenylalanine
L-Glutamine Taurine
Glycine
Source
Source
Source
Source Source
Source
Helps the body produce energy. It is important for heart and brain function, muscle movement, and many other body processes.
Contributes to the structural development of bone. Plays role in active transport of calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes, a process that is important to nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction and normal heart functioning.
Contraindicated with concomitant use of MAO inhibitors or Tricyclic antidepressants
Can minimize breakdown of muscle and improve protein metabolism.
An amino acid which helps in anxiety control and stress management. It lowers cortisol levels.
An amino acid, a building block for protein. Used for treating schizophrenia, stroke and some rare inherited metabolic disorders.
Synthesized by the liver and kidneys, red meats, fish.
Dark green vegetables, almonds, pecans, cashews, brazil nuts, seeds, legumes, soy products, wheat bran and germ, millet, brown rice, avocado, dried apricots
Beef, pork, poultry, lamb, fish, eggs, cheese. Vegetarian sources of proteins must be combined to maintain adequate levels of essential amino acids - whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds.
Abundant in both animal and vegetable protein. Lean meats, fish.
High-protein foods, fish, meat and dairy. Vegetarian glycine sources include soybeans, spinach, kale, cauliflower, cabbage, pumpkin, banana, kiwi fruit, cucumber and beans.
L-Tyrosine
Iron
Source
Source
Used in the synthesis of structural proteins, used in the production of neurotransmitters.
Needed to make part of blood cell and also make up part of many proteins in the body.
Synthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine, soy products, chicken, fish, almonds, avocado, bananas, dairy products, limabeans, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds
Beef, liver, kidney, pork, lamb, chicken, clams, oysters, egg yolks, salmon, whole wheat, millet, oats, brown rice, lima beans, soybeans, kidney beans, green peas, almonds, brazil nuts, walnuts, pine nuts, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, sunflower
Selenium
Mangnese
Source
Source
Helps the body with making special proteins, called antioxidant enzymes, which play a role in preventing cell damage
Helps the body form connective tissue, bones, blood clotting factors, and sex hormones. Plays a role in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption, and blood sugar regulation. Also necessary for normal brain and nerve function.
Brewer's yeast, wheat germ, barley, oats, brown rice, whole wheat, liver, butter, scallops, lobster, shrimp, clams, crab, oysters, lamb, garlic, onions, mushrooms, broccoli, Swiss chard, radishes
Pecans, almonds, whole grains, egg yolks, seeds, peas, beans, spinach
Chromium Copper
Source Source
Important in the metabolism of fats and carb. Stimulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, which are important for brain function and other body processes. Important in the breakdown of insulin.
Works with iron to help the body form red blood cells. It also helps keep the blood vessels, nerves, immune system, and bones healthy.
Brewer's yeast, beef, liver, whole wheat, wheat germ, rye, fresh chillies, oysters, potatoes, green peppers, eggs, chicken, apples, butter, bananas, spinach
Buckwheat, whole wheat, shrimp, liver, brazil nuts, almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, pecans, soybeans, dark leafy greens, prunes, cocoa
Cr Cu
Fe Mg
SeMn
GFM630491 Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Page No. 8 of 9
We welcome all questions and concerns. The Medical Questions pertaining to your analysis shall be answered by our experts.
You may post your queries on - . Please mention your Name, Date of [email protected] and the Customer ID in the query.
Customer satisfaction is our core goal. It is important for us to learn about what our customers think about our service and how we can improve it. If you have any suggestion or complaint, whatsoever, we request you to contact us and report it on:
Email: [email protected] Contact: +91-22-61980000
This report contains confidential medical information and genetic data. The report is for exclusive use by the person whose test has been conducted and the associated registered health practitioner.
Inositol
Source
Helps balance certain chemicals in the body to help conditions such as panic disorder, depression and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Synthesized from glucose, liver, lecithin, whole grains, wheat germ, lima beans, peanuts, brewer’s yeast, cabbage, citrus fruits ( Except lemons ) , cantaloupe, raisins, unrefined molasses
Biotin
Source
Supports healthy skin through proper fat production, helsp body make efficient use of sugar and maintain an energy supply in the nerve cells.
Egg yolks, liver, brewer’s yeast, nuts, milk, unpolished rice
The supplements mentioned above do not represent a complete list of all that is required by the human body. The need of protein and essential nutrients depends on several factors like: age, weight, health, body composition and physical activities being undertaken. It is important to maintain a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle, enough of sleep and exercises in order to ensure a good metabolism.
1. Goodman SI, Markey SP: Diagnosis of organic acidemias by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. New York, Alan R Liss, 19812. Sweetman L: Organic acid analysis. In Techniques in Diagnostic Human Biochemical Genetics. Edited by FA Hommes. Wiley-Liss, New York, 1991, pp 143-1763. Lehotay DC, Clarke JT: Organic acidurias and related abnormalities. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1995;32:377-4294. Seashore MR: The Organic Acidemias: An Overview. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=oa-overview Reviewed December 22, 20095. Part 9, Organic Acids. In Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, et al, eds. The Metabolic and Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc; 2001:2109-2260.6. Kushnir MM, Komaromy-Hiller G. Rapid screening for urine organic acids by GC-MS. Clin Chem. 1999;45:A21.
References
Note:
GENOROOTMetabolic Fingerprinting
GFM630491 Thu, 10 Jul 2014
Page No. 9 of 9