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Mangrove Ecosystems for
Climate Change
Adaptation and Livelihoods
MESCAL Fisheries Surveys:MESCAL Fisheries Surveys:
Fish identification guide
Marcus Sheaves, Ross Johnston &
Carlo Mattone
This guide details, as far as possible, the identities of fish and crustaceans
recorded during the MESCAL fisheries surveys conducted in Fiji, Samoa,
Tonga, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands during 2012.
This is not a comprehensive species list for any country involved in the
surveys, rather it is based on catches during surveys. Species listing and
identifications are restricted to taxonomic levels at which reliable
identification could be established from photographs supplied by
participating countries. In many cases particular species were listed on participating countries. In many cases particular species were listed on
catch data sheets but validation was not possible because images were not
supplied for independent verification of identification. Species without
independent validation of identity have not been included in this guide.
Taxa are only listed as present in a country if taxonomic identity was
validated for that country.
Common Name Surgeonfish
Family
Acanthuridae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)
100 (most much
smaller)
Distribution Solomon Islands
Common Name Cardinalfish
Family
Apogonidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)20
Distribution Fiji, Vanuatu
Apogon amboinensis
Family Apogonidae
Common Name Amboina Cardinalfish
Maximum Total Length
(cm)7
Distribution Vanuatu
Apogon hyalosoma
Randall, JE. Fishbase CC-BY-NC-3.0
Family Apogonidae
Common NameHumpbacked
Cardinalfish
Maximum Total Length
(cm)17
Distribution Solomon Islands
Common Name Silversides
Family
Atherinidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)60
Distribution Solomon Islands
Atherinomorus endrachtensis
Randall, JE. CC-BY-NC-3.0
Common NameEendracht Land
Silverside
Maximum Total Length
(cm)9
Distribution Vanuatu
Common Name Needlefish
Family
Belonidae
Common Name Needlefish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)150
Distribution Vanuatu
Strongylura spp.
Family Belonidae
Common
NameNeedlefish, Longtom
Maximum Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
100
Distribution Vanuatu
Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus
Family Belonidae
Common
NameHound needlefish
Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
150
Distribution Fiji
Common Name Blenny
Maximum Total ~54cm, most under
Family
Blenniidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)
~54cm, most under
15cm
Distribution Vanuatu
Common Name Trevally
Family
Carangidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)170
Distribution Fiji, Vanuatu
Carangoides ferdau
Dr Dwayne Meadows
Family Carangidae
Common Name Blue Trevally
Maximum Total
Length (cm)70
Distribution Fiji
Caranx ignobilis
Dr Dwayne Meadows
Family Carangidae
Common Name Giant Trevally
Maximum Total
Length (cm)170
Distribution Solomon Islands
Caranx papuensis
Dr Dwayne Meadows
Family Carangidae
Common Name Papuan Trevally
Maximum Total
Length (cm)88
Distribution Fiji
Caranx sexfasciatus
Dr Dwayne Meadows
Family Carangidae
Common Name Bigeye Trevally
Maximum Total
Length (cm)170
Distribution Tonga
Scomberoides spp.
Family Carangidae
Common Name Queenfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)60-120cm
Distribution Vanuatu
Selar crumenopthalamus
SEFSC Pascagoula Laboratory, Collection of Brandi Noble. NOAA/NMFS/SEFSC. CC-BY-2.0
Family Carangidae
Common Name Bigeye Scad
Maximum Total
Length (cm)30
Distribution Vanuatu
Family Chanidae
Family
Chandidae
Common Name Milkfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)180
Distribution Fiji
Chanos chanos
Family Chanidae
Common Name Milkfish
Maximum Total 180
Maximum Total
Length (cm)180
Distribution Fiji
Common Name Wolf-herring
Family
Chirocentridae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)100
Distribution Fiji
Chirocentrus dorab
Family Chanidae
Common Name Dorab wolf-herring
Maximum Total 100
Maximum Total
Length (cm)100
Distribution Fiji
Common Name Tilapia
Family
Cichlidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)40
Distribution Tonga
Common Name Herring
Family
Clupeidae
Maximum Total Length
(cm)25
Distribution Fiji, Vanuatu
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
Family Clupeidae
Common Name Bluestripe Herring
Maximum Total
Length (cm)25
Winterbottom, R. Fishwise Professional CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0
Distribution Vanuatu
Sardinella spp.
Family Clupeidae
Common
NameSardine
Maximum
Length (cm)31
Distribution Samoa
Sardinella fijiense
Family Clupeidae
Common Name Fiji sardinella
Maximum Total
Length (cm)11.5
Distribution Fiji
Spratelloides spp.
Family Clupeidae
Common
NameHerring
Maximum Total
Length (cm)6-12
Distribution Vanuatu
Common Name Gudgeon
Family
Eleotridae
Common Name Gudgeon
Maximum Total Length
(cm)34
Distribution Fiji, Solomon Islands
Belobranchus belobranchus
Family Eleotridae
Common Name Throat-spine gudgeon
Maximum Total
Length (cm)19.5
Distribution Fiji
Bostrychus sinensis
Family Eleotridae
Common Name Four-eyed sleeper
Maximum Total
Length (cm)22
Distribution Fiji
Butis amboinensis
Family Eleotridae
Common Name Olive flathead-gudgeon
Maximum Total
Length (cm)14
Distribution Fiji
Ophiocara porocephala
BIO Photography Group. Biodiversity institute of Ontarion. CC-BY-SA
Family Eleotridae
Common Name Northern Mud Gudgeon
Maximum Total
Length (cm)34
Distribution Solomon Islands
Common Name Anchovies
Family
Engraulidae
Maximum Total Length
(cm)30
Distribution Vanuatu
Stolephorus spp.
Family Engraulidae
Common Name Anchovy
Maximum Total
Length (cm)15
Length (cm)
Distribution Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Stolephorus indicus
Family Engraulidae
Common Name Indian anchovy
Maximum Total
Length (cm)15.5
Length (cm)
Distribution Fiji
Thryssa spp.
Family Engraulidae
Common
NameAnchovy
Maximum Total
Length (cm)~30cm. Most 10-15cm
Distribution Solomon Islands
Common Name Silver biddies
Maximum Total Length
Family
Gerreidae
Maximum Total Length
(cm)
Distribution Fiji, Vanuatu
Gerres longirostris
Family Gerreidae
Common Name Strongspine Silver Biddy
Maximum Total
Length (cm)37
Distribution Fiji
Common Name Goby
Maximum Total
Length (cm)19
Family
Gobiidae
Length (cm)19
DistributionFiji, Samoa, Solomon
Islands
Acentrogobius nebulosus
Family Gobiidae
Common Name Shadow Goby
Maximum Total
Length (cm)18
Distribution Samoa, Solomon Islands
Common Name Sweetlips
Family
Haemulidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)100
Distribution Fiji
Plectorhinchus albovittatus
Family Haemulidae
Common Name Two-striped sweetlips
Maximum Total
Length (cm)100
Length (cm)
Distribution Fiji
Family
Hemiramphidae
Common Name Halfbeak, garfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)25
Distribution Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu
Common Name Squirrelfish
Family
Holocentridae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)32
Distribution Vanuatu
Neoniphon sammara
David Burdick
Family Holocentridae
Common Name Sammara squirrelfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)32
Length (cm)
Distribution Vanuatu
Common Name Flagtail
Family
Kuhliidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)18
Distribution Fiji
Kuhlia marginata
Family Kuhliidae
Common NameDark-margined
flagtail
Maximum Total
Length (cm)18
Distribution Fiji
Family
Labridae
Common Name Wrasse
Maximum Total
Length (cm)120
Distribution Vanuatu
Stethojulis strigiventer
Male
Randall JE. Fishbase CC-BY-NC-3.0
Family Labridae
Common Name Three-ribbon Wrasse
Maximum Total
Length (cm)15
Female
Randall JE. Fishbase CC-BY-NC-3.0
Distribution Vanuatu
Common Name False trevally
Family
Lactariidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)40
Distribution Fiji
Lactarius lactarius
Family Lactariidae
Common Name False trevally
Maximum Total
Length (cm)40
Distribution Fiji
Family
Leiognathidae
Common Name Striped Ponyfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)21
DistributionFiji, Solomon Islands,
Tonga
Aurigequula fasciata
Family Leiognathidae
Common Name Striped Ponyfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)21
Distribution Fiji
Eubleekeria splendens
Family Leiognathidae
Common Name Splendid Ponyfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)17
Distribution Fiji
Gazza minuta
Family Leiognathidae
Common Name Toothpony
Maximum Total
Length (cm)21
Distribution Fiji
Leiognathus equulus
JT Williams, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History CC-BY-SA 3.0
Family Leiognathidae
Common Name Common Ponyfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)28
Fiji, Solomon Islands,
FAO 2013 CC-BY-3.0
DistributionFiji, Solomon Islands,
Tonga
Family
Lethrinidae
Common Name Emperor
Maximum Total Maximum Total
Length (cm)50
Distribution Tonga, Vanuatu
Lethrinus amboninensis
Family Lethrinidae
Common Name Ambon Emperor
Maximum Total
Length (cm)70
Asman P, Lenoble J. Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-2.0
Distribution Fiji
Lethrinus harak
Family Lethrinidae
Common Name Thumbprint Emperor
Maximum Total
Length (cm)50
Asman P, Lenoble J. Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-2.0
Asman P, Lenoble J. Wikimedia commons CC-BY-2.0
Distribution Tonga, Vanuatu
Lethrinus ravus
BIO photography group. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0
Family Lethrinidae
Common Name Drab Emperor
Maximum Total
Length (cm)25
Distribution VanuatuDistribution Vanuatu
BIO photography group. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0
Family
Lutjanidae
Common Name Snapper
Maximum Total
Length (cm)150
Distribution Fiji, Samoa
Lutjanus argentimaculatus
Sahat Ratmuangkhwang, Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-3.0
Family Lutjanidae
Common NameMangrove Jack, Mangrove
Red Snapper
Maximum Total
Length (cm)150
Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Adult
Juvenile
Sahat Ratmuangkhwang, Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-3.0
DistributionFiji, Samoa, Solomon
Islands
Lutjanus fulviflamma
Family Lutjanidae
Common Name Dory Snapper
Maximum Total
Length (cm)35
R. Cada from Fishbase
P. Asman and J. Lenoble. Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-2.0
Distribution Fiji
Lutjanus fulvus
Family Lutjanidae
Common Name Blacktail Snapper
Maximum Total
Length (cm)40
Fiji, Solomon Islands, R. Cada from Fishbase
P. Asman and J. Lenoble. Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-2.0
DistributionFiji, Solomon Islands,
Vanuatu
Lutjanus maxweberi
Family Lutjanidae
Common Name Pygmy Snapper
Maximum Total
Length (cm)15
R. Cada from Fishbase
P. Asman and J. Lenoble. Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-2.0
Distribution Solomon Islands
Lutjanus russellii
Family Lutjanidae
Common Name Russells Snapper
Maximum Total
Length (cm)50
R. Cada from Fishbase
P. Asman and J. Lenoble. Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-2.0
Distribution Fiji
Family
Megalopidae
Common Name Tarpon
Maximum Total
Length (cm)150
Distribution Fiji
Megalops cyprinoides
Family Megalopidae
Common Name Indo-Pacific tarpon
Maximum Total
Length (cm)150
R. Cada from Fishbase
P. Asman and J. Lenoble. Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-2.0
Distribution Fiji
Family
Mugilidae
Common Name Mullet
Maximum Total
Length (cm)70
Distribution Tonga, Vanuatu
Chelon subviridis
Family Mugilidae
Common Name Greenback mullet
Maximum Total
Length (cm)40
Distribution Solomon Islands
Moolgarda spp.
Family Mugilidae
Common Name Mullet
Maximum Total
Length (cm)40
Distribution Tonga
Moolgarda seheli
Family Mugilidae
Common Name Bluespot mullet
Maximum Total
Length (cm)60
Distribution Fiji
Mugil cephalus
Family Mugilidae
Common Name Flathead grey mullet
Maximum Total
Length (cm)100
Distribution Fiji
Ellochelon vaigiensis
Arthur Chapman. Foter. CC-BY-NC-SA
Family Mugilidae
Common Name Squaretail Mullet
Maximum Total
Length (cm)63
Williams JT Moorea Biocode CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0
Distribution Vanuatu
Family
Mullidae
Common Name Goatfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)43
Distribution Vanuatu
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus
Inaglory, B. Wikimedia commons CC-BY-SA-3.0
Family Mullidae
Common Name Yellowstripe Goatfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)43
Biopix CC-BY-NC-3.0
Distribution Vanuatu
Upeneus vittatus
Family Mullidae
Common Name Yellowstripe Goatfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)28
Distribution Fiji
Family
Monodactylidae
Common
NameBatfish
Maximum Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
27
Distribution Solomon Islands
Monodactylus argenteus
Family Monodactylidae
Common
NameSilver Batfish
Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
27Haplochromis
Shears LT. CC-BY_SA-3.0
Distribution Solomon Islands
Family
Scombridae
Common
NameMackerel
Maximum Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
120
Distribution Fiji
Rastrelliger kanagurta
Family Scombridae
Common
NameIndian mackerel
Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
35
Distribution Fiji
Family
Serranidae
Common
NameGrouper
Maximum Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
120
Distribution Fiji
Family
Siganidae
Common
NameSpinefoot
Maximum Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
45
Distribution Fiji
Siganus vermiculatus
Family Siganidae
Common
NameVermiculated spinefoot
Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
45
Distribution Fiji
Family
Sphyraenidae
Common
NameBarracuda
Maximum Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
200
Distribution Tonga, Vanuatu
Sphyraena barracuda
Larry Basch
Family Sphyraenidae
Common
NameGreat Barracuda
Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
200
Laban712
Distribution Vanuatu
Sphyraena qenie
Family Sphyraenidae
Common
NameBlackfin barracuda
Maximum
Total Length
(cm)
170
Distribution Fiji
Common
NameSeahorses, Pipefishes
Family
Sygnathidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)60
Distribution Fiji, Vanuatu
Microphis retzii
Family Syngnathidae
Common Name Ragged-tailed pipefish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)14.5
Distribution Fiji
Common Name Lizardfish
Family
Synodontidae
Common Name Lizardfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)~60cm
Distribution Vanuatu
Family
Terapontidae
Common Name Perch
Maximum Total
Length (cm)36
Distribution Fiji, Samoa
Mesopristes kneri
Family Terapontidae
Common Name Jarbua Terapon
Maximum Total
Length (cm)36
Distribution Samoa
Terapon jarbua
Kare Kare. CC-BY-SA-3.0
Family Terapontidae
Common Name Jarbua Terapon
Maximum Total
Length (cm)36
Romero-Frias, X. CC-BY-SA-3.0
Distribution Samoa
Family
Tetraodontidae
Common Name Pufferfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)31
Distribution Samoa, Vanuatu
Arothron manilensis
Randall, JE. Fishbase CC-BY-NC-3.0
Family Tetraodontidae
Common Name Narrow-Lined Puffer
Maximum Total
Length (cm)31
DistributionFiji, Samoa, Solomon
Islands, VanuatuDistribution
Islands, Vanuatu
David Burdick
Common Name Waspfish
Family
Tetrarogidae
Maximum Total
Length (cm)
~30, Most species less
than 15
Distribution Solomon Islands
Family
Toxotidae
Common Name Archerfish
Maximum Total Length Maximum Total Length (cm)
40
Distribution Solomon Islands
Toxotes chatareus
Family Toxotidae
Common Name Spotted Archerfish
Maximum Total Length (cm)
40
Ford GH 1878
Distribution Solomon Islands
Family
Zenarchopteridae
Common Name garfish
Maximum Total Length Maximum Total Length (cm)
19
Distribution Fiji
Zenarchopterus buffonis
Wild Singapore. Foter CC-BY-ND-2.0
Family Zenarchopteridae
Common Name Buffons Garfish
Maximum Total
Length (cm)23
FAO. Fishbase. CC-BY-NC-3.0
Distribution Solomon Islands
Zenarchopterus dispar
Family Zenarchopteridae
Common Name Feathered river-garfish
Maximum Total Length (cm)
19
Distribution Fiji