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Chng I-Phn II SketchUp by [email protected]

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Chng I. Tm hiu thm vcc cng cc bn

OCR web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
http://www.cvisiontech.com/http://www.cvisiontech.com/

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Trong chng ny ti sbsung thm cc kin thc mi vcch sdng cc cng cc bn m bn bit trong phn I.

Hiu thm vhtrc ta

Nh chng ta bit rng khi bt u vi SketchUp th trong khng gian lm vic caSketchUp hin thmt hnh ngi v mt htrc ta gm ba ng thng khc mu (trcX-mu , trc Y-mu xanh l cy v trc Z-mu xanh da tri) vung gc vi nhau.

Ch : Khi khng hin thhtrc ta Nu trong trng hp bn bt u vi SketchUp m htrc ta khng c hin th

trong khng gian lm vic th hy vo trnh n Viewtrn menu chnh, chn Axes.

Htrc ta ny khng cnh, bn c thdi chuyn sang vtr khc, xoay hng cctrc hoc khi phc vvtr ban u... Vy thc hin n bng cch no ? Rt n gin, bnchvic di chuyn chut ln trn mt trong ba trc cu thnh nn hta ( trc X, trc Y

hoc trc Z) v nhn chut phi, khi mt menu ngcnh xut hin cnh v tr bn kchchut. Xem hnh 1.1.

Hnh 1.1:Menu ngcnh xut hin khi kch chut phi

Chn Place:

Khi bn chn Place trn menu ngcnh xut hin th ngay lp tc bn schuyn sangchsdng cng cAxestrn thanh menu mrng ( xem hnh 1.2). Khi bn thc hincc thao tc ging nh vi cng cAxes ni chng X phn I ca cun sch ny.

Hnh 1.2:Khi chn Placetrn menu ngcnh


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Ngha l Bn phi chn mt im lm v tr ca gc ta mi ( im c ta [0;0;0]). Sau chn hng cho trc X-mu , ri chn hng cho trc Y-mu xanh l cy.Khi hta schuyn sang vtr mi c chn v cc trc ta sxoay theo hng bnchn.

Chn Move:

Khi bn chon Movetrn menu ngcnh, mt hp thoi Move Sketching Contextxuthin nh hnh 1.3.

Hnh 1.3:Hp thoi Move Sketching Context

y l hp thot bn c thnhanh chng di chuyn chinh xc trc ta sang vtrkhc hoc xoay hng khc so vi htrc ban u.

Ti khu vc nhp Move: Bn nhp cc gi trvo hp thoi ca trc X, Y v Z htrcmi sdi chuyn ra xa trc c tng ng mt gi trbng gi trbn nhp ( hay c thhiuy l ta tng i ca gc ta mi so vi htrc ta c- htrc ang hin hnh

trong SketchUp).

V d:Bn nhp X = 1000 mm, Y = 0 mm ; Z= 0 mm th vtr ca gc ta mi stnhtin vpha trc X mt khong l 1000 mm so vi gc ta c.

Ti khu vc nhp Rotate: Khi bn nhp mt gi trgc vo trc X th trc Y v Z sxoaymt gc bng gi trbn nhp theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng hso vi hng c ca cctrc tng ng trong mt phng vung gc vi trc X v i qua gc ta mi ( ngha l trcX ginguyn hng c, v mt phng Y-Z sxoay mt gc so vi vtr ban u quanh gcta mi) .Ngc li khi nhp gi trvo trc Y th trc X v Z squay, khi nhp gi trvo trc Z th trc X,Y sxoay tng t.

V d:Bn nhp X = 60 th mt phng Y-Z sxoay mt gc 60 so vi vtr ban u theochiu ngc chiu kim ng h.

Xem hnh 1.4 khi bn nhp X=1000 mm cho khu vc nhp Movev X=60 cho khu vcnhp Rotate.

Chn Reset:

Bn chc thchn c Resetkhi bn di chuyn gc ta ban u ti vtr mihoc xoay hng cc trc ca hta so vi ban u. Khi bn chn Resetth hta sc khi phc vvtr v hng ban u mc nh ca SketchUp. D Bn c di chuyn hayxoay bao nhiu ln htrc ta th khi chn Resetth hta li trvvtr mc nh banu ca SketchUp.


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Hnh 1.4:Khi nhp gi trcho Movev Rotate

Chn Ali gn View:

Khi bn chn Align View trn menu ngcnh th khung nhn schuyn sang khung nhn2D vi mt phng X-Y.

Chn H ide:

Khi bn chn Hidetrn menu ngcnh th hta ang hin thtrong khng gian lmvic ca SketcUp sbn i, v khi phc li sxut hin ca hta bn th vo trnhn Viewtrn menu chnh v chn Axes. Hnh 1.5 thhin khi bn chn Hidetrn menu ng

cnh.

Hnh 1.5:Khi chn Hideth hta bn i

Hp thoi VCBCha kha to ra chnh xc khi xy dng cc m hnh trong SketchUp l hp thoi

vn bn nhc t gc di bn tri ca ca sSketchUp ca bnbn xem n trong hnh1.6. V l hp thoi vn bn ny c gi l hp kim sot gi tr- Value Control Box, gi ttl VCB. Nu n khng xut hin trong ca s lm vic ca SketchUp th hy vo trnh n


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View/Toolbarstrn thanh menu chnh v chn Measurements.

Hnh 1.6:Hp thoi VCBV y l mt trong snhng gi trm bn c thsdng n nhp:

- Nhp chiu di chnh xc ca on thng khi sdng cng cLine.

- Nhp chnh xc kch thc ca hnh chnht khi sdng cng cRectangle.

- y v ko i tng vi chiu di chnh xc khi sdng cng cPush/Pull.

- Nhp chnh xc scnh ca a gic khi sdng cng cPolygon.

- Nhp chnh xc scnh cu to nn ng trn khi sdng cng cCircle.

- Nhp ta tuyt i v tng i ca mt im khi sdng cng cLine, Move...

- Nhp khong cch chnh xc khi di chuyn i tng khi sdng cng cMove.

- Chia chnh xc on thng thnh cc on di bng nhau.

- To chnh xc sbn sao m bn mun copy.

- Xoay mt i tng vi mt gc chnh xc khi sdng cng cRotate.

- V rt nhiu thkhc na...

V y l mt siu bn nn hiu r vVCB:

- Bn khng cn phi bm vo trong hp thoi VCB nhp mt gi trno . yl mt iu quan trng: Khi chng ta bt u nhp mt gi trno cho hp thoi VCB, nhiungi cho rng hcn phi nhp vo hp thoi VCB( di chuyn chut v kch vo trong n )trc khi hbt u g gi trcn nhp. Khng, bn khng cn phi lm thm bn hy btu g gi tr, v bt cphm no bn g u xut hin trong VCBmt cch tng. Nhn

phm Enter, SketchUp s lun lun thc hin chnh xc cc gi trxut hin trong hp thoiVCBkhi bn g.

VCB phthuc vo ngcnh nhp. iu ny c ngha rng nhng gi trnhp m nkim sot phthuc vo nhng g bn ang thc hin vo thi im . Nu bn ang vmtcnh vi cc cng cLine, bt cgi trno bn g n u hiu l bn ang nhp chiu di-Length ( nhn ny xut hin cnh hp thoi VCB), nu bn ang xoay mt ci g , n bitrng gi trnhp l gc- Angle.

VCB


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Bn c thnhp mt n vtrong hp thoi VCB khc vi n vc mc nh tronghp thoi M odel I nfo: Nu bn ang thit lp n v mc nh o lng trong hp thoiModel Infol mm ( xem hnh 1.7), th khi bn mun chiu di on thng m bn ang v l1400 mm bn chcn g 1400ri nhn Enter. Khi SketchUp shiu rng bn nhp chiudi cho on thng trong hp thoi VCBl 1400mm.Nhng nu bn mun vn vi chiudi l 14 feetth bn chcn g l 14chcho SketchUp hiu rng bn nhp chiu di l 14feet thay v n hiu l 14 mm. iu c ngha rng bn c thnhp mt n vkhc bt kmkhng cn quan tm n n vo lng c thit lp mc nh trong hp thoi Model Info.

- Nu n vcn nhp l mchcn g 14m.

- Nu n vcn nhp l cmchcn g 14cm.

- Nu n vcn nhp l feetchcn g 14.

- Nu n vcn nhp l inchechcn g 14.

Hnh 1.7:Hp thoi Model Infophn thit lp n vo lng

Ch : Hin hp thoi Model I nfo.

xut hin hp thoi Model I nfophn thit lp cc n vo lng mc nh, bn votrnh n Window trn menu chnh chn Model I nfov chn phn Unis thit lp cc mcnh vo lng nh n vchiu diLength Units, n vgc-Angle Units...

Nhp gi trtrong hp thoi VCB thay i scnh ca hnh trn v hnh a gic.Khi bn ang dng cng cCircle, Polygonvmt vng trn hoc mt a gic th lc trong hp thoi VCBsthhin rng nhng gi trbn chun bg sc mc nh hiu l bn

ang nhp bn knh ( lc nhn ca VCB s xut hin chRadius) cho vng trn hoc agic. Nu lc bn g mt gi trvi mt chs ri nhn phm Enterth SketchUp schuynsang hiu rng bn ang thit lp li scnh ca vng trn hoc ca a gic . V dkhi g5sth SketchUp shiu rng svng trn hoc a gic c scnh l 5.

Thay i cc gi trnhp khi ang g nhp cho hp thoi VCB.V dbn ang vmt ng trn vi cng cCircle, sau khi bn kch chut vtr lm tm ca ng trn vlc ny hp thoi VCBang thhin l bn cn nhp bn knh. Nu bn g 5mth SketchUp shiu l vng trn cn vc bn knh l 5 m nhng lc bn li i khng mun bn knh l 5

m na m mun l 3 m, vy phi lm thno ? Rt n gin l bn chcn di chut i ra khi vtr hin ti v g li 3mri nhn Enter. Bn c ththay i mi gi trnhp khi ang g min lphi trc khi nhn phm Enter.


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Hiu thm vsuy lun vtr ca im khi truy btKhi bn di chuyn chut bn trn cc i tng trong khu vc bn v, bn c thnhn

thy rng ti u ci bt ch ca cng cLine ( khi bn chn cng cLine, con tr chut schuyn sang biu tng hnh ci bt ch nhmu ) xut hin mt ci vng trn hoc hnh chnht nhc cc mu sc khc nhau ty thuc vo vtr ca con trchut trn i tng. Nhngim ny c xc nh vtr cthv c sdng gip bn vchnh xc bng cch cho

bn mt du hiu trc quan ti ni con trchut nm. Tnh nng ny c gi l suy lun imtruy bt v cha kha sdng tnh nng ny l tm hiu vnhng mu sc biu hin khcnhau ca hnh trn hoc hnh chnht nh. Nu bn di chuyn con trchut vmt im suylun, mt Tooltipxut hin xc nh vtr cc im suy lun v SketchUp nh ngha ccimsuy lun nh sau:

- Endpoint: im cui xut hin khi bn di chut ti mi u ca i tng on thngm bn ang hng ti v n thhin l mt vng trn nhmu xanh l cy.

- Midpoint: Trung im xut hin chnh xc khi bn di chut ti vtr trung im ca itng on thng m bn ang hng ti v n thhin l mt vng trn nhmu xanh lam(Cyan).

- Intersection: im giao nhau xut hin khi di bn di chut n ni giao nhau gia itng c (solid) vi cc i tng khc v n thhin l mt chxnhmu .

- On Edge: im nm trn cnh l im bt kxut hin khi bn di chuyn chut dctrn cnh ca mt i tng on thng bn ang hng ti m khng phi im cui hay trungim v n thhin l mt hnh vung nhmu .

- On Face: im nm trn bmt l im bt kxut hin khi bn di chut trong bmtca i tng bn ang hng ti v n thhin l mt hnh vung nhmu xanh da tri.

Hnh 1.8:Cc vtr truy bt im

Ngoi cc im c suy lun c th, cc ng thng cng c th suy lun bng ccng lt. ng lt sdng suy lun c hin thnhmt ng nt lin hoc ng ntt c cc mu sc khc nhau ty thuc vo loi ng c suy lun. Tooltipscng xut hintrn cc ng lt suy lun khc nhau, nu bn gi chut. Vic suy lun c th nhn ra ccng sau:

- On Red Axis, On Green Axis, On Blue Axis: ng lt suy lun song song vi mttrc cthv n c hin thl ng nt lin c mu tng ng vi trc m n song song nhtrc Xth mu , trc Yth l mu xanh l cy v trc Zl mu xanh da tri.


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- Perpendicular to Edge: Khi mt ng thng c vvung gc vi mt ng thnghin c, mt ng lt suy lun mu tm c hin th.

-Parallel to Edge: Khi mt ng thng c vsong song vi mt ng thng hinc, mt ng lt suy lun mu tm c hin th.

Mo: Kha hng ng c suy lun

Khi xut hin cc ng lt suy lun nh trn, kha hng ca n bn chcn nhnv giphm Shift.

Hnh 1.9:Cc ng lt suy lun

Mo: Kha hng nhanh vi cc hng song song vi cc trc ta

Bn c thnhanh chng bt hng v kha hng nhanh cho cc hng song song vicc trc ca hta . lnhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung cho trc Z-mu xanh da tri,

phm mi tn sang phi cho trc X-mu v phm mi tn sang tri cho trc Y-mu xanh lcy.

Hiu thm vcng cLinei vi cng cLinesau bn chn c im thnht l im u ca ng thng th

vi im thhai ngoi vic nhp chiu di cho n bn cn c thnhp c ta chnh xccho im thhai. C hai cch nhp l nhp ta tuyt i ( tc l ta so vi htrc ta mc nh ca SketchUp) v nhp ta tng i ( tc l ta so vi htrc ta mc nh

c di chuyn im gc ta ti vtr im u ca ng thng bn kch chn)Nhp ta tuyt i :

Bn chvic g [x,y,z]hoc [x;y;z], vic g du , hay du ;ngn cch cc ta ca im ty thuc vo vic thit lp o lng ca hiu hnh bn ang sdng.

hoc

Vic nhp thm n vth xem phn vit vVCBtrn.


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Nhp ta tngi :

Bn chvic g hoc , vic g du , hay du ;ngn cch cc ta ca im ty thuc vo vic thit lp o lng ca hiu hnh bn ang sdng.

hoc


Bn kt hp thm vi cc kin thc vvic truy bt im v ng lt suy lun ni phn trn.

Hiu thm vcng cMoveMove vi ta :

i vi cng cMovesau bn chn c i tng cn di chuyn v kch chn 1 im

lm im gc bt u di chuyn th i vi im n ngoi vic nhp chiu di qungng cn di chuyn cho n bn cn c thnhp c ta chnh xc cho im n. C haicch nhp l nhp ta tuyt i ( tc l ta so vi htrc ta mc nh ca SketchUp)v nhp ta tng i ( tc l ta so vi htrc ta mc nh c di chuyn imgc ta ti vtr im u ca ng thng bn kch chn)

Nhp ta tuyt i :

Bn chvic g [x,y,z]hoc [x;y;z], vic g du , hay du ;ngn cch cc ta ca im ty thuc vo vic thit lp o lng ca hiu hnh bn ang sdng.

hoc


Nhp ta tngi :

Bn chvic g hoc , vic g du , hay du ;ngn cch cc ta ca im ty thuc vo vic thit lp o lng ca hiu hnh bn ang sdng.

hoc

Vic nhp thm n vth xem phn vit vVCBtrn

Bn kt hp thm vi cc kin thc vvic truy bt im v ng lt suy lun ni phn trn.

Copy bng lnh Move

To ra mt bn copy:

- Cch thnht: copy mt i tng vi cng cMove, bn chn cng cMove


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trn thanh cng cv nhn phm Ctrltrc khi bn chn i tng cn copy, khi ti vtrcon tr chut xut hin thm mt du cng + nhcho bit rng i tng bn chn sc nhn bn.

Cc bc thc hin:

1. Bt u vi SketchUp.

2. Sdng cng cLinevmt ng thng nh hnh 1.10.

Hnh 1.10: Vmt ng thng bng cng cLine

3. Chn cng cMovetrn thanh cng cv nhn phm Ctrl, bn cnh con trchutxut hin du + nhnh hnh 1.11.

Hnh 1.11: Chn cng cMovev nhn phm Ctrl

4. Sau di chuyn chut ti i tng cn copy ri kch chut vo mt im trn itng ( khng chn im u-End pointca cc cnh trn i tng). Di chuyn chut ra xa vtr hin ti, khi ti vtr con trchut sxut hin bn copy ca i tng c chn vc mt ng thng nt t ni im bn kch chut trn i tng ban u vi im tng ngtrn bn copy nh trong hnh 1.12.

Khi bn copy nh l mt i tng c Move ra khi vtr c ( bn gc) v bn cththc hin vic chn bn copy ny nh khi thc hin cng cMove.Ngha l im gc trni tng ban u l im gc cn im tng ng trn bn copy l im chn i tng ti v


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tr mi ( ngha l bn c thnhp ta , kch chut vo mt im hoc nhp khong cch,kha hng).

Hnh 1.12: Di chut ra khi vtr kch chut

- Cch thhai: Dng cng cSelect( hnh mi tn) qut chn i tng. Chn cng cMovetrn thanh cng cri nhn phm Ctrl. Khi ti vtr con trchut xut hin thm mtdu cng + nhcho bit rng i tng bn chn sc nhn bn. Cch ny hay hn v

bn c thchn im gc ban u mt cch chnh xc chn bn copy theo ca bn.

Cc bc thc hin:



3. Dng cng cSelectchn ng thng c v.4. Chn cng cMovetrn thanh cng c, ri nhn phm Ctrl. Bn cnh con trchut

xut hin du + nhnh hnh 1.13

Hnh 1.13: Chn Movev nhn phm Ctrl

5. Kch chut lm im gc chn bn copy ri di chuyn chut ra xa vtr kch chut.Khi ti vtr con trchut sxut hin mt ng nt t ni im kch chut ti vtr hinti ca con trchut v mt bn copy ca i tng c chn nh trong hnh 1.14.


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Hnh 1.14: Di chut ra khi vtr kch chutKhi bn copy nh l mt i tng c Move ra khi vtr c ( bn gc) v bn c

ththc hin vic chn bn copy ny nh khi thc hin cng cMove. Ngha l vtr con trchut sl im chn i tng ti vtr mi ( ngha l bn c thnhp ta , kch chut vomt im hoc nhp khong cch, kha hng).

To ra nhiu bn copy theo hng hay dy:

Cng cMovecho php bn to ra mt lot bn copy tbn gc theo mt dy hoc mthng v cc bn copy ny cch u nhau.

* Sau khi dng cng cMovecopy v to ra mt bn sao th bn chcn g slng

bn copy vi chx hoc k hiu * ng trc hoc ng sau th bn sto ra c mtlot bn sao theo hng hoc dy ni tip vi bn sao ban u v khong cch gia cc bn saobng nhau v bng khong cch tbn sao ban u ti bn gc. V dnhp 2xhoc x2hoc *2hoc 2*th bn sto ra c 2 bn sao ( kcbn sao ban u).

Cc bc thc hin:



Hnh 1.15: Vmt ng thng song song vi trc Z


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3. S dng cng c Select qut chn i tng cn copy ( cch copy bng cng cMove thhaihoc bn c thlm bng cch thnht nh nu trn). Chn cng cMovetrn thanh cng cv nhn phm Ctrl. Kch chut ln mt im cui ca ng thng ri dichuyn chut ra khi vtr hin ti, g 1m to ra bn sao cch bn gc 1m nh trong hnh1.16.

Hnh 1.16: To bn sao cch bn gc 1m

4. G 5xhoc x5hoc *5hoc 5*ri nhn phm Enter. Ta s5 bn sao v khong cchgia cc bn sao v gia bn sao ban u vi bn gc cch nhau l 1m, xem nh trong hnh1.17. V khong cch tbn gc ti bn sao ngoi cng bn phi l 1m*5= 5 m.

Hnh 1.17: To ra 5 bn sao cch nhau 1m

Mo: Tng thm hay gim i slng bn sao.

Nu slng bn sao cha chnh xc bn c thtng ln hay gim i slng bn saobng cch nhp mt smi. V dnh trn tng thm thnh 7 bn sao bn chcn g tip7xhoc x7hoc 7*hoc g * 7 trong hp thoi VCB.

* Sau khi dng cng cMovecopy v to ra mt bn sao th bn chcn g slngbn copy vi k hiu / ng sau hoc ng trc th bn sto ra c mt lot bn saotheo hng hoc dy nm trong khong gia bn sao ban u vi bn gc v vtr ca chng sc cn u. V dnhp 5/ hoc /5th bn sto ra c 5 bn sao ( kcbn sao ban u)v khong cch gia cc bn sao cng nh bn gc l bng 1/5 khong cch tbn gc ti bn


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sao ban u.

Cc bc thc hin:



3. S dng cng c Select qut chn i tng cn copy ( cch copy bng cng c

Move thhaihoc bn c thlm bng cch thnht nh nu trn). Chn cng cMovetrn thanh cng cv nhn phm Ctrl. Kch chut ln mt im cui ca ng thng ri dichuyn chut ra khi vtr hin ti, g 5m to ra bn sao cch bn gc 5m nh trong hnh1.18.

Hnh 1.18: To bn sao cch bn gc 5 m4. G 5/hoc /5ri nhn phm Enter. Ta s5 bn sao v khong cch gia cc bn sao

v bn gc cch nhau l 5m/5=1m, xem nh trong hnh 1.19.

Hnh 1.18: To ra 5 bn sao cch nhau 1m


Nu slng bn sao cha chnh xc bn c thtng ln hay gim i slng bn saobng cch nhp mt smi. V dnh trn tng thm thnh 10 bn sao bn chcn gtip 10/ hoc/10 trong hp thoi VCB, khi sto ra 10 bn sao v khong cch gia chngl 0,5 m.


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Hiu thm vcng cRotateCng cRotatengoi chc nng dng xoay i tng bn cn c thsdng n

copy. Cng nh cng cMove, khi sdng cng cRotatecng c 2 cch copy. Cch thnht l chn cng cRotateri nhn phm Ctrlnhng do cch ny khng hay lm nn y

ti hng dn cch thhai l dng cng cSelect( hnh mi tn) qut chn i tng. Chncng cRotatetrn thanh cng cri nhn phm Ctrl. Khi ti vtr con trchut xut hinthm mt du cng + nhcho bit rng i tng bn chn sc nhn bn.

Cc bc thc hin:


2. Sdng cng cCirclev cng cLinevmt vng trn v mt ng thng nhtrong hnh 1.19.

Hnh 1.19: Vmt vng trn v mt ng thng

3. Dng cng cSelectchn ng thng c v.

4. Chn cng cRotatetrn thanh cng c, ri nhn phm Ctrl. Bn cnh con trchutxut hin du + nhnh hnh 1.20 cho bit rng i tng bn chn sc nhn bn.

Hnh 1.20: Chn cng cRotatev nhn phm Ctrl


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5. Kch chn vo tm ng trn lm tm quay. Ri kch chn vo mt im cuica ng thng thit lp cnh u ca gc xoay ta sc nh tronghnh 1.21.

Hnh 1.21: Chn tm xoay v cnh u ca gc xoay6. Nhp gc xoay hoc chn mt im khc lm cnh thhai ca gc xoay. Ta sc

mt bn sao v bn sao ny to vi bn gc mt gc ti tm xoay bng ng gc bn nhp hocgc bn to ra. Xem trong hnh 1.22.

Hnh 1.22: To mt bn sao tbn gcTo ra nhiu bn copy xoay quanh mt im:

Cng cRotatecho php bn to ra mt lot bn copy tbn gc, cc bn sao nyxoay quanh mt im v cc bn sao to vi nhau cc gc u nhau.

* Sau khi dng cng cRotate copy v to ra mt bn sao th bn ch cn g slng bn copy vi chx hoc k hiu * ng trc hoc ng sau th bn s to rac mt lot bn sao xoay quanh mt im ni tip vi bn sao ban u, gc to bi cc bnsao bng nhau v bng gc gia bn sao ban u vi bn gc. V dnhp 2xhoc x2hoc *2hoc 2*th bn sto ra c 2 bn sao ( kcbn sao ban u).

Cc bc thc hin:1. Bt u vi SketchUp.

2. Sdng cng cCirclev cng cLinevmt vng trn v mt ng thng nh


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trong hnh 1.19.



5. Kch chn vo tm ng trn lm tm quay. Ri kch chn vo mt im cui

ca ng thng thit lp cnh u ca gc xoay ta sc nh trong hnh 1.21.

6. Nhp gc xoay bng cch g 30ri nhn phm Enter. Ta sc mt bn sao v bnsao ny to vi bn gc mt gc ti tm xoay bng ng 300. Xem trong hnh 1.23.

Hnh 1.23: Bn sao to vi bn gc mt gc bng 300

7. G 5xhoc x5hoc *5hoc 5* ri nhn phm Enter. Ta s5 bn sao xoay chung

quanh tm xoay v gc to bi cc bn sao v gia bn sao u tin vi bn gc l 300( gc tobi bn sao ngoi cng bn tri v bn gc l 300*5=1500), xem nh trong hnh 1.24.

Hnh 1.24: To ra 5 bn sao


Nu slng bn sao cha chnh xc bn c thtng ln hay gim i slng bn saobng cch nhp mt smi. V dnh trn tng thm thnh 7 bn sao bn chcn g tip7xhoc x7hoc 7*hoc g * 7 trong hp thoi VCB.


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* Sau khi dng cng cRotate copy v to ra mt bn sao th bn ch cn g slng bn copy vi k hiu / ng sau hoc ng trc th bn sto ra c mt lot bnsao xoay quanh mt im v chng nm trong khong gia bn sao ban u vi bn gc v vtr ca chng sc cnu. V dnhp 5/ hoc /5th bn sto ra c 5 bn sao ( kc

bn sao ban u) v gc to gia cc bn sao l bng 1/5 gc to bi bn gc vi bn sao ban

u.Cc bc thc hin:


2. Sdng cng cCirclev cng cLinevmt vng trn v mt ng thng nhtrong hnh 1.19.



5. Kch chn vo tm ng trn lm tm quay. Ri kch chn vo mt im cuica ng thng thit lp cnh u ca gc xoay ta sc nh trong hnh 1.21.6. Nhp gc xoay bng cch g 150 ri nhn phm Enter. Ta sc mt bn sao v

bn sao ny to vi bn gc mt gc ti tm xoay bng ng 1500. Xem trong hnh 1.25.

Hnh 1.25: Bn sao to vi bn gc mt gc bng 1500

7. G 5/hoc /5ri nhn phm Enter. Ta s5 bn sao v gc to gia cc bn sao bng1500/5=300, xem nh trong hnh 1.24.


Nu slng bn sao cha chnh xc bn c thtng ln hay gim i slng bn saobng cch nhp mt smi. V dnh trn tng thm thnh 10 bn sao bn chcn gtip 10/ hoc/10 trong hp thoi VCB, khi sto ra 10 bn sao v gc to bi cc bn sao

sl 1500/10=150.

Hiu thm vcng cPush/PullGista c yu cu dng mt m hnh nh sau, vy lm cch no thc hin n ?

Bn sdng hai hnh lp phng ri xp chng chng ln nhau hay dng mt hnh lp phngri vcc ng bao quanh n ? Khng cn thit lm nh vy v cng cPush/Pull cng cchc nng to ra cc khi ring rlin tc tmt bmt.


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Cc bc thc hin:


2. Sdng cng cRectanglevmt hnh chnht nh trong hnh 1.26.

Hnh 1.26: Vmt hnh chnht

3. Sdng cng cPush/Pullko hnh chnht trn thnh mt hnh lp phng nhtrong hnh 1.27.

Hnh 1.27: Dng thnh hnh lp phng


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4. Nhn phm Ctrl th ti v tr con trchut xut hin mt du +nhnh trong hnh1.28.

Hnh 1.28: Khi nhn phm Ctrl

5. Di chuyn chut ln trn bmt trn cng ca khi lp phng v tip tc ko ln to ra c hnh lp phng thhai nm bn trn hnh lp phng thnht nh hnh 1.29.

Hnh 1.29: To thnh hnh lp phng thhai

Hiu thm vcng cFollow MeCng cFollow Mestng ko mt bmt chy theo tt ccc cnh thuc mt b

mt khc nu bn nhn v gikhi Alttrong khi sdng cng cFollow Me.

Cc bc thc hin:


2. Sdng cc cng cRectangle, Push/Pullv Linedng ln hnh ging nh tronghnh 1.30.

3. Chn cng cFollow Metrn thanh cng c. Nhn v giphm Alt.

4. Kch ln bmt m bn mun ko y l bmt to bi ng thng cho vi mtnh ca khi lp phng ri di chuyn chut vo bmt c cc cnh bn cn ko theo, khi ng dn stng chy theo cc cnh ca bmt nh trong hnh 1.31.


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Hnh 1.30: Dng mt khi lp phng c ng thng trn bmt ngoi cng bn phi

Hnh 1.31: Kch vo bmt cn ko v di chuyn chut ln mt trn cng ca khi lp phng

Hnh 1.32: Sn phm sau khi kch chut


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Hiu thm vcng cTape MeasureCng cTape Measurengoi chc nng dng o chiu di, khong cch, to ng

hng dn cn c chc nng Scale ( phng to hay thu nhkch thc i tng). KhnngScale ca cng cTape Measure l tt cc chiu, cc cnh u cng thay i vi t lbng

nhau.Cch thhin:


2. Sdng cc cng cRectangle, Push/Pulldng ln hnh ging nh trong hnh1.33 vi kch thc khi dng di x rng x cao l 6m x 3m x 4m.

Hnh 1.33: Khi lp phng 6m x 3m x 4m

3. S dng cng c Select qut chn ton b hnh lp phng. Chn cng c TapeMeasuretrn thanh cng cv kch vo mt im cui ca ca cnh rng nh hnh 1.34.

Hnh 1.34: Sdng cng cTape Measure kch mt im cui

4. Di chut ti im cui cn li trn cnh rng ( cnh di 3m) khi mt ToolTipxuthin c nhn l 3m nh hnh 1.35. Kch chut vo im .


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Chng II -Phn II SketchUp by [email protected]

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Chng II. VLayer, vkhi c Solid


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Add Layer

Delete LayerDetails

Danh sch Layer

Vlp-LayerTrong mt chng trnh ha 2D nhPhotoshop hay Illustrator, khi nim cc lp -

Layerc thc hiu nh l mt chng giy trong sut c xp chng ln nhau. V bnc thchnh sa, thm bt hay lm bt ciu g trn cc lp . Cc lp u c stht

ring ca mnh, v bt cthg c thhin trong lp trn cng u c nhn thy trctt cmi thtrn tt ccc lp khc di.

Nhng SketchUp khng phi l mt chng trnh ha 2D, m l mt chngtrnh 3D. V vy, lm th no n c cc lp-Layer? Lm th no cc i tng trongkhng gian ba chiu c thc xp chng ln nhau nhng thtrn cc lp cao hn sxut hin trc nhng th g ca nhng lp thp hn? N c th khng ? Khng, nkhng th. Khi nim lp -Layertrong SketchUp hon ton khc vi khi nim vlp tronghu ht cc chng trnh ha khc, v iu dgy nhm ln cho nhiu ngi.

SketchUp c mt h thng cc lp-Layer ging nh cc lp trong chng trnhAutoCAD. Bi v trong AutoCAD cc lp c sdng rng ri, nn lp-Layerc bsung trong chng trnh SketchUp ti a ha kh nng tng thch gia hai sn phmny. Khi bn nhp-import mt tp tin AutoCAD vo trong SketchUp, cc lp ca n shinthnhl cc lp ca SketchUp.

V vy, lp trong SketchUp dng lm g? N c dng kim sot kh nnghin th. S dng lp-Layer tp trung cc i tng ring bit khc nhau thnh mtnhm bn c thddng lm n hin ln ( lm cho n c thnhn thy ) hoc n n i (lm cho n v hnh ) khi bn cn. iu ni rng, cc thc lm vic ca lp-Layerkhngging nh nhm-Groupv thnh phn-Component, cc cnh v cc mt ca bn khng bc lp tcc bphn khc ca m hnh.

Sdng Layer-lp trong SketchUpmhp thoi Layers, kch ln trnh n Windowv chn mc Layers. Hp thoi

Layersxut hin nh trong hnh 2.1.

Hnh 2.1:Hp thoi Layer


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Layer Manager

Hnh 2.3:Layer3 ang hin hnh

C mt cch khc l bn chn trnh n View trn menu chnh, chn Toolbarsvchn Layertmenu ngcnh. Khi thanh cng cLayer shin ra nh hnh 2.4.

chn mt Layer lm layer hin hnh bn chvic kch vo hp thoi nhp v chnmt trong cc layer c tri ra thp thoi ny.

Ch : Nu bn bm nt L ayer M anager th hp thoi L ayers trn cng shinra.

Cc thuc tnh ca Layer

Tt ccc Layer u c cc thuc tnh sau y, v mi mt thuc tnh u c litk trong mt ct:

- Active- Layer hin hnh: c biu thbng cc vng trn nhnm bn tri catn Layer. Ti mi thi im chc mt Layer l ang hin hnh ( xem thm phn kchthot mt lp lm Layer hin hnh ).

- Name- Tn: Mi Layer c mt tn ring bit. Khi bn ang thay i tn mt Layerv nu n trng vi tn ca mt layer khc c, mt hp thoi sbo li xut hin. ( Bnxem thm phn to cc Layer mi).

- Visible- C th nhn thy c: Hp chn l tri tim v linh hn ca hp thoiLayers. Khi n c chn ( du tch chV), cc i tng c gn Layer sc nhnthy trong bn v, v khi khng c chn (hp thoi trng) cc i tng c gn Layer skhng nhn thy c tc l bn i.

- Color-Mu sc ca Layer: Mi mt Layer khi c to u c gn mt mungu nghin v bn c th thay i n sang mu sc khc hoc gn cho n mt Texture

bng cch kch vo n.

Ch : Bn c thsp xp tt ccc thuc tnh ca cc Layer theo thtbng cchnhp vo tiu ct. V d, click mt ln vo tiu Name-tn th tt ccc layer ssp

xp theo thtbng chci tng dn (hnh tam gic ln xung di), nhp chut vo tiuln thhai so ngc thtsp xp. Sp xp theo thuc tnh Visiblel nhm li cclayer c thnhn thy li vi nhau v tt ccc layer bn cng c nhm li vi nhau.


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Sau y l mt v dgip bn hiu r hn nhng g m ti ni trn vLayer.


2. Mhp thoi Layersbng cch kch ln trnh n Windowtrn thanh menu chnhv chn mc Layers. Trong hp thoi Layer to ra cc layer vi cc mu sc nh hnh 2.6:

Hnh 2.3:To ra cc Layer mi

3. M hp cng c Layer bng cch chn trnh n View trn menu chnh, chnToolbarsv chn Layertmenu ngcnh.

4. Dng cng c Circle, Rectangle v Polygon dng ln cc hnh ri dng cng cPush/Pullko cc hnh vthnh cc hnh 3D nh hnh 2.4.

Hnh 2.4:Dng cc hnh 3D

5. Gn Layer cho cc i tng. Sdng cng cSelectqut chn khi trtrn ri dichuyn chut ti hp thoi ca hp cng clayer, kch chut v chn Layer HinhTruTrontrnmenu sra nh trong hnh 2.5. Lm tng tgn layer HinhLangTrucho khi lng trvlayer HinhLapPhuongcho khi lp phng.

6. Di chut ti nt Details trn hp thoi Layers, kch chut v mt menu ng cnhxut hin nh trong hnh 2.6. Chn Color by Layer, khi cc mu sc thhin trn cc itng trong bn vschuyn sang mu sc ca layer m n c gn nh trong hnh 2.7.


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Hnh 2.5:Gn Layer HinhTruTroncho khi trc trn

Hnh 2.6:Chn Color by Layer

Hnh 2.7:Cc i tng thay i mu sc


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Hnh 2.10:Bt thuc tnh Visibleca layer HinhLapPhuongHiu vkhi c-Solid

Trc khi bn c thsdng cc cng cSolid, bn cn c cc khi c -solid. Diy l su iu bn cn phi bit vkhi c-solid, bn c thhiu chng nhl cc quy tc vkhi c-Solid:

- Mt solid khng c g nhiu hn l mt i tng m n hon ton ng kn. Tc ln khng c lhoc khe hno khc v nu bn y nc vo n skhng c git nc nor rra ngoi. V l do ny, i khi cc solid c gi l khi kn nc. V y cng l mtcch khc hiu vn: Mi cnh trong solid phi c bao bc bi hai bmt hai u.

Solid Khng phi solid

- Khng cho php thm cc cnh hoc cc mt khc. Bn khng nn ngh rng thm mthay hai cnh hoc cc mt khc slm nn nhiu skhc bit cho solid, bi v cc solid khngthcha ng thm bt khnh hc no khc. Hnh di y cho thy rng bmt hnh chnht v mt ng thng c b sung s khng c gn vo solid, hay ni cch khc lchng khng thuc vsolid.

- Chc cc nhm-Groupv cc thnh phn-Componentmi c th l Solid. y lmt iu rt quan trng. SketchUp nhn ra mt i tng l solid, u tin l bn thu gom


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Hai iu bn cn phi bit trc khi bt u sdng cc cng cvsolid:

- Mthanh cng cSolid. Kch chn trnh n Viewtrn menu chnh, chn Toolbars,ri chn Solid Toolsm thanh cng cSolid. Thanh cng cSolidc cha tt csucng cnh hnh di y.

Outer Shell Intersect Union

Subtract Trim Split

- Cch thc sdng cc cng c solid. Chn cng c trc ri chn i tng tcng hay chn i tng tc ng ri chn cng c? Chai cch u c, nhng ti ngh bnnn chn cc i tng tc ng trc ri chn cc cng c. V bn nn lu i vi cng cSubtractv Trim, chai cng cny phthuc rt nhiu vo thti tng solid m bnchn.

Cng cUnion- cng chp nht:

Cng cny dng hp nht hai hay nhiu i tng solid thnh mt solid.Cch thc thc hin:


2. Mthanh cng cSolidbng cch kch ln trnh n Viewtrn thanh menu chnhv chn mc Toolbar/Solid Tools.

3. Dng cng cCircle, Rectanglev Push/Pulldng ln hai hnh nh trong hnh 2.11

Hnh 2.11: Dng hai hnh 3D

4. Sdng cng cSelectqut chn hnh lp phng, kch chut phi v chn MakeGroup( hoc Make Component) trn menu ngcnh xut hin bn cnh con trchut. Lmtng ti vi hnh trtrn ta c hai solid ring bit l hnh lp phng v hnh trtrn.kim tra xem n c phi l solid hay khng hy kch chut phi trn n v chn Entity Info.

Nu trong hp thoi Entity Infoc thhin thtch th i tng lsolid.

5. Sdng cng cMovedi chuyn solid hnh trtrn ti vtr nh trong hnh 2.12.Ta sthy hai solid ny lng vo nhau tc l chng c phn giao nhau ( phn chung thuc haisolid).


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hai solid ban u sbin mt v thay vo l mt solid mi xut hin nh trong hnh 2.14,solid ny l phn giao nhau gia hai solid ban u. V nu kch chut phi trn n v chnEntity Info th trong hp thoi Entity Infoxut hin sthhin thtch ca i tng .

Hnh 2.14: Hai solid sau khi c Intersect

Cng cSubtract- cng ctr:

Cng cny dng triphn giao nhau. Thai solid ban u l solid btrv solidtrlng vo nhau, sau khi sdng cng cSubtractsto thnh mt solid l phn cn li casolid btrsau khi xa i phn giao nhau v xa i i tng tr. Phi ln lt chn tng solidmt, Solid trc chn trc v solid btrchn sau. Cng cny chp dng cho hai itng solid.


2. Mthanh cng cSolidbng cch kch ln trnh n Viewtrn thanh menu chnhv chn mc Toolbar/Solid Tools.

3. Lp li cc bc 3,4 v 5 nh trn ta sc nh hnh 2.12.

4. Chn cng cSelect, giphm Ctrl( hoc Shift) v kch chut vo solid lpphng(i tng tr) trc, ri kch chut vo i tng solid trtrn (i tng btr) sau. Sau chn cng cSubtracttrn thanh cng cSolidth ta sc nh hnh 2.15.

Hnh 2.15: Chn solid hnh chnht trc, chn hnh trtrn sau


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Cng cOuter Shell - cng cvngoi:

Cng cny cng dng hp nht hai hay nhiu solid thnh mt solid. Vy cng cnyc khc so vi cng cUnionkhng ? Tt nhin l c khc bi v nu chng ging nhau thSketchUpkhng cn phi c hai cng cring rm c chung tnh nng lm g. V skhc

bit l cc hc rng hay khi rng bn trong solid khi hp nht bng cng cUnion thchng c ginguyn, cn vi cng cOuter Shellth cc hc rng hay khi rng bn trong

solid sc lp y.Bn c mt qubng tennit, qutennit l mt solid v n hon ton kn. Qutennit c cu

to gm mt lp v c dy bao quanh bn ngoi v khong khng gian trng rng bntrong, khong khng gian ny chnh l hc rng hay khi rng bn trong solid.

V dsau y scho bn hiu r skhc nhau gia hai cng cUnionv Outer Shell:


2. M thanh cng c Solid bng cch kch ln trnh n View trn thanh menuchnh v chn mc Toolbar/Solid Tools.

3. Sdng cng cRectanglevmt hnh vung c kch thc l 2m x 2m, sau

dng cng cOffsetoffset cc cnh hnh vung vi khong cch offset l 0,2m. Dng cngcEraserxa bmt bn trong hnh chnht nhta sc mt hnh hp rng c dy l0,2m nh trong hnh 2.22.

Hnh 2.22: Hnh hp vung kch thc 2m x 2m x 0,2m

4. Dng cng cPush/Pullko hnh hp trn thnh hnh 3D vi chiu di ko l 2mnh trong hnh 2.23.

5. Sdng cng cSelectqut chn ton bhnh 3D va to xong, kch chut phiv chn Make Groupto ra mt solid.

6. Sdng cng cMovev Rotatecopy solid va to ra v quay solid mi ny nhtrong hnh 2.24.

7. Sdng cng cMovelng hai solid nh trong hnh 2.25.

8. Chn trnh n Viewtrn menu chnh, chn Face Style, v chn X-Ray-khung nhntrong sut. Ta sc nh trong hnh 2.26.

9. Sdng cng cSelectqut chn hai i tng, sau chn cng cOuter Shell

trn thanh cng cSolidhoc kch chut phi v chn Outer Shelltrn menu ngcnh xuthin th ta sc nh hnh 2.27

Nhbn thy trong hnh 2.27, hai solid c hp nht thnh mt v khi rng bn trong


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chng c lp y ( ng thhin khi rng bxa i).

Hnh 2.23: To ra hnh 3D

Hnh 2.24: To ra solid thhai

Hnh 2.25: Lng hai solid vo nhau


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Hnh 2.26: Khung nhn X-Ray

Hnh 2.27: Hai solid sau khi c Outer Shell

Hnh 2.28 l kt qukhi bn sdng cng cUnionthay v cng cOuter Shell.

Hnh 2.28: Hai solid sau khi c Union


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Nhbn thy trong hnh 2.28, hai solid c hp nht thnh mt v khi rng bn trongchng vn c ginguyn ( ng thhin khi rng vn cn).

V nu bn kim tra thtch ca chng trong hp thoi Entity Infoth thtch ca solidkhi sdng cng cOuter Shell(hnh 2.27) l 8 m3, cn thtch ca solid khi sdng cng cUnion(hnh 2.28) l 3,904 m3.


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- Green Direction: Mt phng i xng vung gc vi trc Y-trc mu xanh l cy.

- Blue Direction: Mt phng i xng vung gc vi trc Z-trc mu xanh da tri.

Nh vy chng ta bit l mt phng i xng c vung gc vi cc trc ca hta , vy mt phng nm vtr no? Mt phng i xng ct ngang qua i tng vnm vtr sao cho khong cch tcc im xa nht hai pha ca mt phng i xng u

bng nhau. Bn xem hnh di y thhin i xng i tng qua mt phng vung gcvi trc X hiu r hn:

Nh bn thy trn hnh l hai im A, B l hai im xa nht v hai pha ca mtphng i xng, v nu gi L1,L2 l khong cch tim A,B ti mt phng i xng thL1 phi bng L2.

V dvcch thc hin vi cng cFlip Along:1. Bt u vi SketchUp.

2. Dng cng cLinevmt hnh nh trong hnh 3.9.

Hnh 3.9: Vmt hnh bng cng cLine3. Dng cng cSelectqut chn ton bhnh va dng xong, kch chut phi, chn

Flip Along/Red Direction t menu ng cnh hin ra cnh v tr con tr chut nh trong

Mt phng i xng

i tng

A

B

L1

L2


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hnh 3.10.

Hnh 3.10: Cng cFlip AlongKhi i tng ban u bin mt v thay vo l hnh i xng ca i tng

qua mt phng vung gc vi trc X nh trong hnh 3.11.

Hnh 3.11: Hnh i xng ca i tng ban u

Ch : Kt hp vi cng cAxes

c thto ra mt phng i xng theo mt hng bt kno th bn hy dngcng cAxesdi chuyn v xoay trc ta ri thc hin vi cng cF lip Along.

Hiu ng Soften Egdes-hiu ng lm mm cnhCc cnh trong m hnh 3D ca SketchUp c thc lm mm v trn mn hn

cho n ging m hnh thc tbn ngoi i thc. Cc cnh stng bn i khi bn lmmm cnh.

Khi bn sdng hiu ng lm mm cnh-Soften Egdesmt hp thoi Soften Egdessxut hin nh hnh di y:


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Khi gc c to bi gia cc mt bn ca lng trc trl 3600/6=600, gc cto bi gia cc mt bn vi cc mt y l 900.

3. Dng cng cSelectqut chn ton bi tng, bt hp thoi lm mm cnhbng cch chn trnh n Window trn menu chnh v chn Soften Edges. Ta c nhtrong hnh 3.13.

Hnh 3.12: Bt hp hp thoi Soften Edges

4. Chnh gi trtrn thanh trt Angle between nomarlsn gi trvo khong hn60 degrees( y ti ko n 65.9) th cc cnh bn ca hnh lng trsc lm mm v

bin mt nh trong hnh 3.13.

Hnh 3.13: Chnh gi trln hn 60 degrees

By gibn ko tip gi trtrn thanh trt Angle between nomarlsn gi trvo khong hn 90 degrees( y ti ko n 91.3) th cc cnh giao gia cc mt bn vmt y ( cnh y) sc lm mm v bin mt nh trong hnh 3.14.

Nh cc bn thy khi gi tr trn thanh trt Angle between nomarlsc ga tr ln

hn hoc bng 600th chc cc cnh bn (i nh cc gc 600) c lm mm v khi gi tr ln hn hoc bng 900th c thm cc cnh y (i qua nh cc gc 900) c lm mm


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Phng php lm mm cnh khc:Phng php ny n gin hn nhiu so vi nhng g m ti nu trn, nhng vn

s to ra c hiu ng mm v mn cnh (bao gm ccc ng ng phng-ng chokhi dng cng cSandbox).

sdng phng php ny chcn lm theo cc bc sau:

1. Nhn vo cng cty " Eraser" trn thanh cng cSketchUp.

2. Nhn v giphm " Ctrl" trn bn phm.

3. Di chut ti cc cnh cn lm mm v mn, nhn phm chut tri. Khi o cc cnhc chn sc lm mm v mn ( bn i).

Nhm cng cSandbox-cc cng cvto a hnhHu nhtt ccc m hnh c to ra bi cc cng cSketchUp thng thng u

c cu to tcc i tng thng v phng. iu ny l rt tt khi dng cc m hnh nh

ta nh, my mc, v cc thit bckh, nhng nu bn mun to cc i tng c bmthu chn nh a hnh, thc vt, ng vt, con ngi...? Bn c thsdng cc cng cSandbox,n sgip bn thc hin iu .

Cc bmt hu ccn c gi l cc bmt to bi mng li cc tam gic khngu cnh-TIN(Triangulated Irregular Network). Cc bmt ny c phn ra thnh cc bmt hnh tam gic v thng c sdng to cc i tng a hnh ( nh i ni, ng

bng...).

xut hin nhm cng cny trn ca s lm vic ca SketchUp, vo trnh nView/Toolbarsv chn Sandbox. Thanh cng cSandboxsxut hin nh hnh di y:

From Contours From Scratch

Smoove Stamp Drape Add Detail Flip Edge

- Cng cFrom Contours: Dng to cc bmt hu c tcc ng ng mc

(l nhng ng cong i qua cc im c cng cao) c cao khc nhau. Cc ngng mc ny phi c sn.- Cng cFrom Scratch: Dng to cc bmt hu c tmng li cc tam gic

khng u cnh (TIN) v bn c thdng cc cng ckhc ca Sandboxchnh sa.- Cng c Smoove: Cho php bn chnh sa cc b mt hu c to bi cng c

From Scratch, From Contoursbng cch di chuyn cc nhm nh theo chiu thng ng( tng hay gim cao ) to ra nhng ngn i, bhoc cc thkhc.

- Cng cStamp: To ra du chn ca i tng no ln trn b mt hu cging nh khi bn nhn chn ln bn ri rt chn ra, mt vt lm trn bn hnh du chn.

- Cng cDrape: To ra hnh chiu thng ng ( chiu bng) ca i tng no ln trn bmt hu c.

- Cng cAdd Detail: Dng to thm cc bmt tam gic cho cc bmt huc.- Cng cFlip Edge: Dng iu chnh cc tam gic trn bmt hu c.


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Chnh sa cc bmt hu c

Nh hnh 3.22 th kt qubn nhn c l mt mt phng li vung, y chlmt bmt hon ton phng thun ty cha c yu tmp m ca a hnh. Vy lm thnoc c mt bmt m phng ging a hnh ngoi thc t? Cc cng ctip theo cathanh cng cSandboxsgip bn thc hin cc iu .

* Cng cSmoove:

Cng c Smoove l mt cng c dng di chuyn v lm mn,Smooth+Move=Smoove(Lm mn+di chuyn = Smoove).

Cng cSmoovec sdng to cc yu ta hnh bng cch cho php ccim, cnh, cc mt cc vng ln cn xung quanh im la chn c di chuyn lnxung theo chiu thng ng (chiu dc theo trc Z-mu xanh d tri). Kt qu l to ramt bin dng mn ca bmt vi cc bmt hnh tam gic khng u cnh l c s.

Cc thc hin nh sau:


2. Hin thanh cng c Sandbox bng cch chn trnh n View trn menu chnh,chn Toolbars/Sandbox.

3. Sdng cng cFrom Scratchtrn thanh cng cSandboxto ra mt bmtli hu c c kch thc l 10x10m, v chiu rng ca vung c sl 1m nh trong hnh3.23.

Hnh 3.23: To ra mt bmt li hu c4. Kch chut phi ln trn bmt li v chn Edit Grouptmenu ngcnh xut

hin hoc kch p chut tri ln trn bmt hu c.Khi bmt hu c schuyn sangchchnh sa.

5. Chn cng cSmoove t thanh cng cSandbox. Khi con tr chut s bini thnh biu tng ci chn vt c hai mi tn hng ngc nhau bn cnh. V xut hinmt vng trn mu c tm l vtr con trchut, vng trn ny goi l vng trn tc ng.

Mi nh, cnh v bmt c bn (cc bmt l cc tam gic khng u cnh c bn)nm trong vng trn ny u biu chnh cao . Khi bn iu chnh cao ca tm tcng th cao ca cc im trong vng trn tc ng cng thay i theo. Nu gi cao

thay i ti tm tc ng (ti vtr con trchut) l H, cao thay i ti mt im bt kv khong cch tim ti tm tc ng l hv Lth h=[(R-L)x H]/Rtrong Rl bnknh tc ng.


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V khi ti hp thoi VCB gc di bn tri ca sSketchUp thhin nhn lRadius(bn knh tc ng) v mt gi trtrong hp nhp l 7,000m hoc sno khc (nu

bn n v-Unitstrong hp thoi Model Infol mt-Meters).

Gi tr7,000m l bn knh ca vng trn tc ng. Bn c thnhp mt gi trkhcbng cch g phm sri nhn Enter( xem thm phn hp thoi VCBca chng trc).

v dny bn hy g 3mri nhn phm Enter. Khi bn knh tc ng sl 3m.Ngha l tt ccc nh, cnh hoc bmt nm trong phm vi bn knh 3 m k t tm l

im kch chut sc iu chnh cao .6. Kch vo mt nh, hoc mt cnh hoc bmt c s(bmt hnh tam gic khng

u cnh). Trong v dny ti skch vo mt nh. Ta sc nh trong hnh 3.24.

Hnh 3.24: Kch vo mt nh

Khi ti cc nh bn trong vng trn tc ng xut hin cc biu tng l vung

mu vng v ti v tr kch chut (l tm tc ng) l vung to nht, cc nh cn li ckch thc gim dn ty vo khong cch so vi tm tc ng (cng xa cng nh).

Tm tc ng

Vng trn tc ng


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7. Di chuyn chut ln cao (hng ln trn) to ra b mt li ( nh trong hnh3.25) hoc di chuyn chut xung di ( hng xung di) to ra b mt lm ( nhtrong hnh 3.26).

Hnh 3.25: Bmt li

Hnh 3.26: Bmt lm

Lu : Khi ti hp thoi VCB gc di bn tri ca sSketchUp thhin nhnl Offsetv mt gi trtrong hp nhp thhin cao thay i do bn ang di chuyn. Bnc thnhp gi trny bng cch g mt gi trkhc ri nhn Enter.

8. Kch chut c nh cao ca tm tc ng ta s c mt b mt li hoclm.

9. By gibn hy vo trnh n Viewtrn menu chnh v chn Hidden Geometryta sc nh trong hnh 3.27.

Nh bn thy trong hnh 3.27 ton bcc bmt c sbn i u l cc bmt tamgic khng u cnh xut hin di dng ng nt t. Cc cnh cho bn i v i tng

c lm mn khi sdng cng cSmoove.Bn c thp hiu ng lm mm cnh Soften Edgesln trn i tng.


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mt bmt hu c. l bn p i tng c bn ln trn bmt hu c ri n xung hocko n theo hng ra ngoi bmt.

y l cch thc hot ng:

Cc thc hin nh sau:



3. Sdng cng cFrom Scratchv Smoovetrn thanh cng cSandboxto ramt bmt li hu c nh trong hnh 3.29.

Hnh 3.29: Dng mt bmt hu c4. Sdng cng cRectanglevmt hnh chnht nm pha trn ca bmt

hu c va to xong. Ta sc nh trong hnh 3.30.

Hnh 3.30: Vmt hnh chnht ln trn bmt

5. Chn cng cStamp trn thanh cng c. Khi ti hp thoi VCB gc dibn tri ca sSketchUp thhin nhn l Offset(gi trny to ra dc cho cc bmttip gip gia bmt hu c vi i tng hnh hc- hay gi l to dc taluy) v mt gitrtrong hp nhp.


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Lchnh l gi trOffsetthhin hay nhp trong hp nhp VCB.

* Cng cDr ape:

Cng cDrapeto ra hnh chiu bng ca i tng ln trn bmt hu c.Cng cny rt c ch khi bn mun v mt con ng ln trn mt b mt a hnh khng bng

phng.

y l cch thc hot ng:

Cc thc hin nh sau:



3. Sdng cng cFrom Scratchv Smoovetrn thanh cng cSandboxto ramt bmt li hu c nh trong hnh 3.29.

4. Sdng cng cRectanglevmt hnh chnht nm pha trn ca bmt

hu c va to xong. Ta sc nh trong hnh 3.30.5. Sdng hiu ng lm mm cnh Soften Edgesi vi bmt hu c ta sc

nh trong hnh 3.35.

Hnh 3.35: Sdng hiu ng Soften Edges

6. Chn cng cDrape trn thanh cng cSandbox. Kch chut ln vo hnh chnht-i tng cn to hnh chiu bng, di chut ti bmt hu c v kchchut ta scnh trong hnh 3.36.

Bn c thsdng cng cPaint Buckett vt liu ln trn hnh chiu bng .Trong hinh 3.37 ti t mu ln trn hnh chiu bng ca hnh chnht ln trn bmthu c ( Lu phi kch p chut tri ln bmt hu c hoc kch chut phi ri chnEdit Grouptmenu ngcnh xut hin).

* Cng cAdd Detail :

Khi mt bmt hu c TIN c to ra, bmt ny c chia thnh nhiu hnh tam

gic khng u cnh ( xem cnh tam gic bng cch chn View/Hidden Geometry). CngcAdd Detailsgip bn tip tc phn chia tip cc tam gic trn thnh cc tam gic nhhn.


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Hnh 3.36: To ra hnh chiu bng ln bmt hu c

Hnh 3.37: T mu hnh chiu bng

Cch thc hot ng ca cng cAdd Detailnh sau:

- Chn Hidden Geometryttrnh n View trn menu chnh.

- Khi bn snhn thy cc cnh cho ( ng nt t) nh trong hnh 3.38.

- Chn cng cAdd Detailtrn thanh cng cSandbox.

- Nu bn kch vo mt cnh th cc bmt tam lin quan ti cnh sc chiathnh hai tam gic nhhnnh hnh 3.39.

- Nu bn kch vo mt bmt th tam gic bmt sc chia thnh 3 tam gicnhhn nh trong hnh 3.40.

- Nu mun chia nhhn th bn li tip tc lp li cc bc trn.

- Khi bn kch chn ln trn b mt hu c, bn c th di chuyn chut ln hocxung thay i cao cho im ti vtr kch chut.

- Bn c thchn nhiu cnh hoc nhiu mt bng cch sdng cng cSelectvivic giphm Ctrlri chn cng cAdd Detailbsung thm cc tam gic ng lot.


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hin ra, hnh xem trc ca n c hin thkhung nhn trc pha trn cng bn tri cahp thoi Styles cng vi tn ca n v nhng miu t v n (nu n c). V cc phongcch c la chn sngay tc khc sp dng vo bn vca bn.

Nt Forward v Back cho php bn di chuyn vpha trc hay quay tr li ccStyle m bn chn. Nt Home (biu tng ngi nh nh) quay trvIn Model thhin tt ccc phong cch-stylem bn v ang p dng cho m hnh ca bn.

Thay i kiu thhin cc phong cch trong ca sdanh sch cc style:

Bn c th thay i kiu th hin cc phong cch trong ca sdanh sch cc Stylethnh kiu Thumbnailsnh, va, ln, rt ln hay di dng danh sch lit k...Bng cch

bm nt Detail v chn mt trong cc la chn sau Small Thumbnails, MediumThumbnails... tmenu ngcnh hin ra nh trong hnh 4.2.

Hnh 4.2: Thay i kiu thhin

Lu : Cc la chn khc menu ngcnh khi bm nt Detail:+ Mc Open or create a coll ection...Mmt bsu tp style hin c trong

cng my tnh hoc to ra mt bsu tp style mi trong hp thoi Styles.+ Mc Save coll ection as... Lu bsu tp vo cng my tnh.+ Mc Add col lection to Favori tes... a mt bsu tp style vo danh

sch cc bsu tp a thch ( n sxut hin trong hp thoi chn la cc bsu tpcnh nt Hometrong hp thoi Styles).

+ Mc Remove coll ection f rom favor i tes... Xa mt bsu tp trong danhsch cc bsu tp a thch ( hp thoi chn la bsu tp cnh nt Home).

Di chuyn cc style gia cc bsu tp:

Hp thoi Stylesc thmra cho bn bng la chn style thhai bng cch nhn vont Display Secondary Selection Panepha trn bn phi hp thoi. Bng la chn stylethhai cng c cc nt Forward, Back, Homev Detail (t chc nng hn)ging bng lachn thnht. V n cng c hp thoi chn la bsu tp nh trong hnh 4.3.

di chuyn cc style gia cc b su tp, bn hy m b su tp c style cn dichuyn v m b su tp cn di chuyn style n hai bng chn la style. Sau kchchut tri vo style cn di chuyn, gichut v ko n vo bsu tp cn di chuyn n rinhchut.

Bng la chn style thhai cng hot ng ging nh bng thnhtban u.


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* La chn mt phong cch-style bmt:

Mc d chng c gi l phong cch bmt-Face style, nhng tht ra n chl ccchkhc nhau vshin thcc bmt trong m hnh ca bn. phn ny chng ta sdng v dtrong hnh 4.8.

- Wirefame-khung dy: Trong chWireframe, cc bmt ca bn strnn v

hnh (nh trong hnh 4.20). Bi v bn khng thnhn thy chng, cngnhbn khng thtc ng n chng. Chc cc cnh l bn c thnhn thy v c thtc ng ln chng.

Hnh 4.20: Chn Face stylel Wirefame

- Hidden line: ChHidden linehin thtt ccc bmt khng bche khut v

ng thi t mu tt ccc bmt ca m hnh vi mu sc l mu m bn ang sdnglm mu nn (background color- sni thit lp tip theo) trong bn v ca bn. Hnh4.21 thhin m hnh chHidden linevi mu nn l mu trng.

Hnh 4.21: Chn Face stylel Hidden line

- Shaded: ChShaded hin thmu sc ca cc bmt trn m hnh. Mu thhin trn mt bmt l mt mu ng nht v n cng l mu sc chim cho ca vtliu (Material) c t trn b mt bng cng c Paint Bucket, cn nu b mt


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khng c t vt liu th mu sc ca n s l mu sc mc nh chn Front colorvBack color (xem phn trn). V dnu mt bmt bn t bng mt vt liu c mu nu lmu chim cho th SketchUpschn mu nu v sdng n thhin ln trn bmt .

T v d trong hnh 4.8 dng cng c Paint Bucker t mu vt liu lMetal_Brass_Ceiling trong b su tp Metal t ln tm chn bnh trc ca m hnhchic m t nh trong hnh 4.22.

Hnh 4.22: T mu vt liu bng cng cPaint Bucker

Chn Face style l Shaded ta sc nh trong hnh 4.23.Khi bmt ca tmchn bn bnh trc s c th hin l mu nu sng-l mu ch o ca vt liu

Metal_Brass_Ceiling.

Hnh 4.23: Chn Face stylel Shaded

- Shaded using textures: ChShaded using textureshin thtt ccc vt liu(Material) c t ln trn cc bmt. Hnh 4.24 thhin khi bn chn Face stylel shade

using textures, khi bmt ca tm chn bn bnh trc s thhin vt liu c tln trn n.


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* Chnh sa mt Watermark :

Bn c thchnh sa bt kWatermarktrong bn vSketchUp ca bn bt clcno. Thc hin theo cc bc n gin chnh sa mt watermark:

1. Chn watermarkm bn mun chnh sa trong danh sch cc Watermark:2. Nhp vo nt Edit Watermark( n trng ging nhhnh gm hai ci bnh rng

nh) mhp thoi Edit Watermarknh trong hnh 4.44. Bn c thmhp thoi nybng cch kch p chut tri vo watermarkm bn mun chnh sa trong danh sch.

Hnh 4.44: Hp thoi Edit Watermark

bn tri khi watermarkl Overlay v bn phi l Background

3. iu chnh cc thit lp trong hp thoi Edit Watermarkv sau kch nt OKsaukhi bn thc hin xong. l cc thit lp bn xc lp trong qu trnh to ra watermark,

bao gm ngun cp nh, to lp mt n (Mark)hay khng, trn gia hnh nh v m hnh

(Model) hay nn(background), v shin thca watermarktrong bn v.Thay i thit lp vModeling :

Thit lp Modeling thhin trong hnh 4.45, bao gm cc thit lp vmu sc ca cci tng trong cc trng hp khc nhau. V n cng bao gm cc ty chn n hoc hin thcc loi i tng cth:

Nhng mu sc c sn m bn c ththit lp bao gm:

Hnh 4.45: Cc thit lp vModeling


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Di y cc ty chn vshin thca cc i tng, bao gm:

- Hidden Geometry: Ty chn ny dng hin th tt ccc i tng b lm n itrong bn vca bn (n i bng lnh Hide) di dng ng nt t.

- Color by Layer: Hin thtt ccc i tng theo mu sc ca Layerc gn (xemchng vLayer).

- Guider:Hin thng hng dn.- Section Planes: Hin thmt ct (hnh chnht vi 4 ci neo bn gc) trong bn vca

bn.

- Section cuts: Hin thvt ct (Active sectionhoc Inactive Section).

- Model Axes: Hin thhtrc ta trong bn vca bn.

Chn Section cuts Khng chn Section cuts

* Phn M atch photo sni cc chng sau:

Trn styleTab Mix

Nu bn c mt stylem bn rt thch nhng thit lp ca n vcnh-Edgehoc bmt-Face, hoc Background .... v bn cng mun p dng nhng thit lp cho phongcch-stylebn ang to (hoc chnh sa) m khng mun mt thi gian thit lp trong tabEdit, vy phi lm thno?

Rt n gin, bn c th s dng tab Mix kt hp cc thit lp ca cc phongcch-stylekhc nhau. Khi tab Mix c chn, hp thoi Style s hin th nh trong hnh4.46.

p dng mt thit lp no ca mt stylebt kbng cch kch vo mt styleca schn (Select) bn di, lc ny con trchut c biu tng ging nh ng ly mutrong phng th nghim. Sau di chuyn ln ca spha trn v kch vo thit lp ca styleang to m bn mun p dng t style c chn di vo n, lc ny con tr chutchuyn sang biu tng hp sn nghing. Khi thit lp ca style ang to s c pdng y nguyn thit lp ca style chn bn di.

Vi tab Mix ny bn c th to ra mt style hn hp gia hai trng phi lPhotorealism v NPR.


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Hnh 9.4: Menu ngcnh xut hin khi bm nt Navigation

- In Model: ging nh nt In Modeltrn.

- Components: Khi chn mc ny th Ca shin thcc component shin thhai bsu tp component c ci t cng vi phn mm SketchUp trn my tnh ca bnl: Components Sampler( cc mu component tnh) v Dynamic Components Training(cc mu component ng) nh trong hnh 9.5. Kch vo cc b su tp hin th cccomponent trong chng.

Hnh 9.5: Chn mc Components

- My Models( m hnh ca ti): hiu vn, chng ta sdnh mt t thi gian hc cch a mt m hnh hoc component ln trn bth vin 3D Warehousetrc tuyn.Lu l vn ang tip tc v dtrn (hnh 9.3).

Kch chut vo component tru tron ri chn File/3D Warehouse/ShareComponent( trong trng hp l m hnh th chn File/3D Warehouse/Share Model)trn menu chnh. Khi mt hp thoi Sign In sxut hin nh trong hnh 9.6.

Nu bn c mt ti khon th in vo (C th sdng ti khon Gmail ca bn),cn khng c th to mt ti khon mi bng cch kch vo dng chCreate an account


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sch cc bsu tp c cha m hnh hay component ny.

+ Nt Cancel: Bm vo y hy qu trnh upload m hnh hay component ca bnln th vin trc tuyn 3D Warehouse.

+ Nt Upload: Bm vo y thc hin qu trnh upload m hnh hay componentca bn ln th vin trc tuyn 3D Warehouse. Kt qusau khi upload xong th hp thoi

3D Warehouseshin thnh trong hnh 9.9v 9.10.Lu : Chcho upload cc f i le SketchUp cha component/ m hnh c dung lng khng

qu 10M b.

Hnh 9.9: Sau khi upload xong (khng thit lp vtr a l)

Hnh 9.10: Sau khi upload xong (c thit lp vtr a l)

Cn by gichng ta hy quay vmc My Models, khi bn chn mc ny th Cashin thcc componentshin thcc m hnh hay component m bn uploal ln thvin trc tuyn 3D Warehouse. Xem nh trong hnh 9.11.

Lu : Trng hp My Models khng cho php bn chn th hy vo File/3DWarehouse/Get Models hin hp thoi 3D Warehouse ri sau ng nhp ntSign Innm gc phi pha trn cng ca hp thoi.


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Hnh 9.27: Khi bsu tp c ci t trn my tnh

Hnh 9.28: Khi bsu tp l trc tuyn


Chng dn th mc c cha bsu tp cn mtrn my tnh ca bn ri bmnt OKhin thbsu tp ny trong hp thoi Components. Hoc bm vo nt MakeNew Folderto mt th mc cha bsu tp mi trn my tnh.

- Save as a local collection: Chn lu ton b cc component ang hin thtrong Ca shin thcc componentca hp thoi Components thnh mt th mc lntrn my tnh ca bn. Khi chn th cngxut hin hp thoi nh trong hnh 9.29.

- View in Google 3D Warehouse: Chn hin th chi tit hn cc componenttrong Ca s hin th cc component ca hp thoi Components trn trang webhttp://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse.

- 3D Warehouse Terms of Service: Chn bt trang web hin thvn bn cc iukhon vdch vca th vin trc tuyn 3D Warehouse.

- Add to favori tes: Chn hin thbsu tp ang c chn ( tc l bsu tpm cc component ca n ang hin tr trong Ca s hin th cc component) vo mc

http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehousehttp://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehousehttp://www.cvisiontech.com/http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehousehttp://www.cvisiontech.com/

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Hnh 9.4: Menu ngcnh xut hin khi bm nt Navigation

- In Model: ging nh nt In Modeltrn.

- Components: Khi chn mc ny th Ca shin thcc component shin thhai bsu tp component c ci t cng vi phn mm SketchUp trn my tnh ca bnl: Components Sampler( cc mu component tnh) v Dynamic Components Training(cc mu component ng) nh trong hnh 9.5. Kch vo cc b su tp hin th cccomponent trong chng.

Hnh 9.5: Chn mc Components

- My Models( m hnh ca ti): hiu vn, chng ta sdnh mt t thi gian hc cch a mt m hnh hoc component ln trn bth vin 3D Warehousetrc tuyn.Lu l vn ang tip tc v dtrn (hnh 9.3).

Kch chut vo component tru tron ri chn File/3D Warehouse/ShareComponent( trong trng hp l m hnh th chn File/3D Warehouse/Share Model)trn menu chnh. Khi mt hp thoi Sign In sxut hin nh trong hnh 9.6.

Nu bn c mt ti khon th in vo (C th sdng ti khon Gmail ca bn),cn khng c th to mt ti khon mi bng cch kch vo dng chCreate an account


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Hnh 9.15: Bsu tp Components Sampler

Hnh 9.15: Bsu tp Dynamic Components Training

* By gi chng ta hy thc hin mt v d ny hiu v s khc nhau giaDynamic Components Training v Components Sampler.

Tbsu tp Dynamic Components Trainingbn hy chn component c tn l

Basic shelving Unitv chn n vo trong dn SketchUp ca bn nh trong hnh 9.16.Dng cng cSelectqut chn component Basic shelving Unitm bn va chn.

Chn mc Window/Component Options trn menu chnh, hp thoi ComponentOptionsshin ra nh trong hnh 9.17.

Trong hp thoi Component Options ca component Basic shelving Unit c rtnhiu thng sm bn c ththay i nh: Material(vt liu), Depth( chiu su), Height(chiu cao), width ( chiu rng) v Thickness ( chiu dy vt liu). Khi bn thay i ccthng sny v bm nt Applyth conponent c chn sthay i theo.

v d ny ti s thay i Material tWhite (mu trng) sang Red (mu ) ribm nt Apply s thu c kt qu nh trong hnh 9.18. V y chnh l iu mcomponent ng c ththc hin c cn component tnh th khng.


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Hnh 9.27: Khi bsu tp c ci t trn my tnh



Chng dn th mc c cha bsu tp cn mtrn my tnh ca bn ri bmnt OKhin thbsu tp ny trong hp thoi Components. Hoc bm vo nt MakeNew Folderto mt th mc cha bsu tp mi trn my tnh.

- Save as a local collection: Chn lu ton b cc component ang hin thtrong Ca shin thcc componentca hp thoi Components thnh mt th mc lntrn my tnh ca bn. Khi chn th cngxut hin hp thoi nh trong hnh 9.29.

- View in Google 3D Warehouse: Chn hin th chi tit hn cc componenttrong Ca s hin th cc component ca hp thoi Components trn trang webhttp://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse.

- 3D Warehouse Terms of Service: Chn bt trang web hin thvn bn cc iukhon vdch vca th vin trc tuyn 3D Warehouse.

- Add to favori tes: Chn hin thbsu tp ang c chn ( tc l bsu tpm cc component ca n ang hin tr trong Ca s hin th cc component) vo mc

http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehousehttp://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehousehttp://www.cvisiontech.com/http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehousehttp://www.cvisiontech.com/

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Chng V -Phn II SketchUp by [email protected]

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Chng V. Sdng nh trong SketchUp


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Hnh 5.9: Distort

Hnh 5.10: Scale/Rotate

Hnh 5.11: Move


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4. Click vo bt c ni no bn ngoi texture ca bn trong khng gian lm vicsketchUp hon thnh vic chnh sa.

Bn cng c th kch phi chut v chn Done t menu ng cnh xut hin, hocnhn phm Enter.

Ly : Trong qu trnh thc hin vic chnh sa Texure bn c thnhn phm Esc

thot khi cng cPositi on textur e.Ko gin (Sketch ) Texture:

l chc nng cho php chnh sa texture ca bn bng cch ko gin n nva kht vi bmt c chn.

Thc hin theo cc bc sau:

1. Sdng cng cSelectchn bmt c cha texturecn chnh sa.

2. Chn Edit/Face/Texture/Position trn menu chnh hoc kch chut phi ln bmt c cha texture v chn Texture/Positiontrn menu ngcnh hin ra.

3. Kch chut phi vo texture ca bn v b ty chn Fixed Pins ( m bo rngkhng c du tch bn cnh n ) trn menu ngcnh xut hin nh trong hnh 5.12.

Hnh 5.12: Btch chnFixed Pins

Khi 4 biu tng nhbn cnh 4 ci ghim trn bc nh sbin mt v mu scca 4 ci ghim schuyn sang mu vng nh trong hnh 5.13.

Hnh 5.13: Khi btch chnFixed Pins

4. Kch mt ln chut tri vo mt biu tng ci ghim (Pin) ri nhphm chut nhc n ln. v dny ti snhc ci Pin pha trn bn phi ca bc nh.


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Hnh 5.16: Di chuyn v dt Pinvo 4 gc ca bmt m hnh

Hnh 5.17: Hon thnh vic ko gin texture

Thay i kch thc (scale) ca m hnh sao cho n ph hp vi bc nh chnlm textu re.

Tht tuyt vi khi bn ko gin bc nh lm texture cho n ph hp bmt c

chn nhng iu sdn n mt trong hai trng hp sau:- Tlbc nh l chnh xc: Ngha l tlgia chiu di v rng ca bc nh c

ginguyn khi c ko gin. y l trng hp chkhi cc bmt m bn chn texturec dng chnh xc v c tlkch thc ph hp vi bc nh chn.

- T lbc nh khng chnh xc. Ngha l t lgia chiu di v rng ca bc nhkhng c ginguyn khi c ko gin, khi mt trong hai cnh ca bc nh sbko dihay bco li. Khng c g phi lo lng, bn chcn dng cc cng chin c ca SketchUpthay i kch thc ca bmt n ph hp vi bc nh c chn lm texture.

Ti u ha bc nh Texture:

Ti u ha hnh nh texture trong m hnh l mt cch thc gim kch thc tptin SketchUp ca bn. y l cc tnh nng mi c bsung so vi phin bn 7.


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N gm hai cng csau ti u ha:

- Cng cMake Unique Texture: Kch chut phi vo bt kbmt no cchn bc nh lm Texture trn m hnh ca bn v chn Make Unique Texture tmenungcnh hin ra. Khi cc phn khng nhn thy ca bc nh (phn nhn thy l phn thhin trong trn bmt m hnh c chn, cn cc phn bn ngoi bmt c chn ca

bc nh l khng nhn thy) sbxn bi. Ti sao iu ny quan trng? V nhng g m

bn khng thnhn thy cc phn khc ca bc nh khng c ngha l n khng c ;SketchUp lu trton bbc nh vi m hnh, ngay ckhi bn chsdng mt cht t can. Trong mt m hnh phc tp vi hng chc bc nh c chn lm texture, thSketchUp slu trtt ccc dliu khng nhn thy ca cc bc nh sto ra mt kchthc tp tin (file) ln khng cn thit. V vy phi ct bcc phn khng nhn thy i gim kch thc tp tin (file).

T v d l hnh 5.17 bn hy s dng cng c Select chn b mt c chatexture, sau d Edit/Face/Texture/Position trn menu chnh hoc kch chut phi ln bmt c cha texture v chn Texture/Position trn menu ng cnh hin ra ta sc nhtrong hnh 5.18.

Hnh 5.18: Phn nhn thy v phn khng nhn thy ca bc nh

Bn c thy rng phn nhn thy ca bc nh trn bmt ca m hnh l phn nmtrong phm vi bmt c chn texture, phn khng nhn thy l phn nm ngoi phm vv n blm miso vi phn nhn thy.

By gihy nhn phm ESCthot ra khi cng cchnh sa texture. Kch chutphi ln trn bmt c cha texture v chn Make Unique Texturetmenu ngcnh hinra hoc dng cng c Select la chn b mt c cha texture ri chn Edit/Face/ MakeUnique Texturetrn menu ngcnh.

Sau bn kch chut phi ln bmt c cha texture v chn Texture/Positiontrnmenu ngcnh hin ra ta sc nh trong hnh 5.19. Lc ny cc phn khng nhn thyca bc nh bxn i.

Lu : Cc bc nh m trong sut xut hin xung quanh bc nh gc lm texturekhng nh hng g n dung lng ca tp tin v y ch l cc bn sao ca nh gc mchng trnh SketchUp to ra khi sdng cng cPositi on Textur e.

- Cng c Combine Texture: Ghp hai hay nhiu texture trong m hnh ca bnthnh mt texture. Ti sao? Cng t texture trong m hnh ca bn, kch thc tp tin snhi. Thc hin theo cc bc sau sdng tnh nng ny:

Phn khng nhn thy

Phn nhn thy


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Hnh 5.19: Cc phn khng nhn thy bxn i1. Tmt m hnh nh trong hnh 5.1 u chng ny, hy sdng cng cLine

vmt ng thng chia mt bmt bt kra lm hai bmt nh trong hnh 5.20.

Hnh 5.20: Chia mt bmt thnh hai bmt mi

2. Thc hin cc bc phn Nhp (Import) mt bc nh lm Texture u

chng ny ln lt chn hai bc nh khc nhau vo hai bmt mi trn, ta sc nhtrong hnh 5.21. Khi trn m hnh ca bn s c hai texture l hai bc nh chn khcnhau v vic chnh sa sc thc hin trn tng texture ring bit.

3. Chn cng cSelecttrn thanh cng c, giphm Ctrlv ln lt kch chn tngbmt c chn texture trn.

Lu rng cc bmt c chn phi nm trong cng mt mt phng v tip gipvi nhau ( c chung cnh).

4. Kch chut phi trn bt k cc b mt m bn chn bc 3 v chnCombine Texturetmenu ngcnh hin ra.

5. Hp thoi SkethUp s hin ra hi bn c xa cnh chung thuc c hai b mtkhng, xem trong hnh 5.22.


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5. Kch chut phi ln trn b mt ch nht va c chn nh, chnTexture/Projectedtrn menu ngcnh hin ra. Xem trong hnh 5.31.

Hnh 5.31: Chn Texture/Projected

6. Chn cng cPaint Bucket trn thanh cng c, giphm Altv kch chut lntrn bmt chnht va c chn bc nh ly mu texture.

7. Vi cng cPaint Bucket c mu texture, click ln bmt cong di th tasc nh trong hnh 5.32.

Hnh 5.32: T ln trn bmt cong

8. Xa bmt chnht pha trn hon thnh vic chn mt bc nh ln trn mtbmt cong theo nhiu hng.

Sdng cng cMatch Photoy l mt cng crt th vtrong SketchUp. Vy cng cMatch Photolm c

nhng g? Bn c thsdng cng cny lm hai vic sau:

- Xy dng mt m hnh da trn mt bc nh: Nu bn c mt bc nh (hoc

nhiu bc nh ) trong c cha mu ngi nh m bn cm thy rt thch th v bn mundng li m hnh ngi nh trong SketchUp. Cng cMatch Photoca SketchUp sgipbn xy dng m hnh ngi nh mt cch ddng.


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* Chn bc nh v thit lp cng cMatch Photo:

Thc hin theo cc bc sau y xy dng m hnh tmt bc nh c sn bngcng cMatch Photo:

1. Chn Match New Photo... t trnh n Camera trn menu chnh. Hp thoiSelect background image filexut hin nh trong hnh 5.33.

Hnh 5.33: Hp thoiSelect background image file

2. Chn mt bc nh m bn mun sdng trong my tnh v nhp vo nt Open.

Hp thoi Select background image fileng li, v bn nhn thy hnh nh bn chn trong ca sm hnh ca bn. ng thi bn cng thy mt mln xn cc ng ymu sc trong nh trong hnh 5.34 .

Hnh 5.34: Chn mt bc nh bng cng cMatch Photo

3. Thit lp trong hp thoi Match Photo ( nu khng xut hin chnWindow/Match Photo):

- Model: n hay hin cc m hnh bn trong khng gian lm vic ca SketchUp.

Pers ective bar

Horizen bar

Photograph

Vanishing

pointVanishing

point

Axis Origin

Scale

Line/Vertical

Tab Scene Match PhotoHp thoi Match Photo


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Lu :

Bn c th chnh sa li cc thit lp c thc hin phn trn ca cng cMatch Photo bng cch chn Camera/Edit M atched Photo trn menu chnh, chn d nbn cn chnh sa v sau khi thc hin vic chnh sa xong nhn nt Done. Hoc bn nhnvo tab Scene Match Photo v sau kch vo nt Edit Matched Photo trn hp thoiMatch Photo.

Ngoi ra nt New matched Photo... trn hp thoiMatch Photodng to racc dn Match Photokhc v nhng dn ny sc hin th thnh mt dy di cctab ring rbn trn khng gian lm vic, kch hot dn no hy nhn vo Tab SceneMatch Photoca dn .

* Chn texture cho m hnh dng bng cng cM atch Photo.

trong mi trng dng m hnh bng cng c Match Photo c hai cch chntexture ln cc bmt ca m hnh vi mu texture l bc nh c chn dng m hnh.

l dng tnh nng Project textures from photo ca hp thoi Match Photohocdng cng cProject Photo.

- Cch thnht l sdng tnh nng Project texture from photo:

By gixin hay quan st v dtrong hnh 5.42 vni tht ca mt cn phng khch.

Hnh 5.42:Ni tht phng khch


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1. Sdng cng cMatch Phototheo cc bc trn ( chn bc nh, thit lp cngc Match Photo, thit lp cc ng phi cnh....) ta dng hai bc tng v ci khungtranh trn bc tng pha bn tri nh trong hnh 5.43( Lu : dng cng cOrbitxoay khung nhn).

Hnh 5.43:Dng m hnh phng khch

2. Kch vo tab Scene Match Photota sc nh trong hnh 5.44.

Hnh 5.44:Kch vo tab Scene Match Photo

3. Trong hp thoi Match Photokch vo nt Project textures from photo , mthp thoi SketchUp hin ln hi bn c xn bc nh v bm tip nt Yes hoc No (Ticng khng hiu tc dng ca hp thoi ny lm). Sau dng cng c Orbit xoaykhung nhn sang mt hng khc ta sc nh trong hnh 5.45.

Tab Scene Match Photo


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- Thanh trt Opacity ca Background Photo: Dng iu khin s hin thca bc nh nn. Di chuyn thanh trt sang bn tri lm bc nh phbmi.Hnh5.52 thhin khi ko con trt sang tri.

Hnh 5.52:Ko thanh trt Opacitysang bn tri

Vic thit lp Style Modelinggip qu trnh xy dng m hnh ca bn c ddng hn.Nu cc bmt c chn texture theo cc bc trn th vic thit lp style nykhng c tc ng g n cc bmt c chn.

* Phi cnh m hinh:

Ta c m hnh thit kmt ngi nh v mt bc nh chp vtr ngi nh scxy dng nh sau.

Cng vic y l phi cnh vtr ngi nh vo vtr t trng bn tri ca bc nh.

Thc hin theo cc bc sau:

1. Mfile SketchUp c cha m hnh nh nh trong hnh 5.53.

2. Chn mc Import... trn trnh n Fileca menu chnh. Mt hp thoi Open sxut hin nh trong hnh 5.54. hp chn Files of type chn l All Supported ImageTypehin th tt ccc nh dng nh c thchn trong SketchUp v dn n th mccha bc nh cn chn. Chn bc nh m bn mun, bc nh sc hin trong khung nhn


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Chng VIII -Phn II SketchUp by [email protected]

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Chng VIII. Outliner


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nh hnh 8.15.

Hnh 8.12: Cnh trc X( mu )

Hnh 8.13: Cnh trc Y( mu xanh da tri)

Hnh 8.14: Component c to ra


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Hnh 8.24: Thit lp Create Component

Hnh 8.25: Vtr tng i ca bng gia nguyn khi xoay bng cng cOrbit

+ Replace selection with component: Tch chn ny m bo rng khi kt thcqu trnh to component tmt i tng ban u th i tng ban u ny sbin mt vthay thvo l component va c to ra. Nu khng tch chn ny th sau khi to ra

component th i tng ban u vn c gia nguyn.

+ Cancel: Hy bqu trnh to component.

+ Create: Thc hin v kt thc qu trnh to ra component.

* To Group:

1. Sdng cng cRectanglev cng cPush/Pullto ra hnh hp nh hnh 8.1.

2. S dng cng c Select qut chn hnh hp kch chut phi v chn MakeGrouptmenu ngcnh hin ra nh trong hnh 8.26.

3. Khi i tng hnh hp ban u strthnh mt Group( nhm).4. Groupc to ra khng c tn nn t tn cho n bn hy kch chut phi ln

trn group va to ra, chn mc Entity Infotmenu

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Merge.cv01