Mercury Measurement Programs within NOAA/ARL

Steve Brooks, Mark Cohen, Steve Brooks, Mark Cohen, Tilden Meyers, Paul Kelley, Winston LukeTilden Meyers, Paul Kelley, Winston Luke

NOAA/Air Resources LaboratoryNOAA/Air Resources Laboratory

Prepared for the NOAA Atmospheric Mercury MeetingPrepared for the NOAA Atmospheric Mercury Meeting

November 14-15, 2006, Silver Spring, MDNovember 14-15, 2006, Silver Spring, MD

I. Intensive MonitoringI. Intensive Monitoring

Previous Intensive Measurements:Previous Intensive Measurements:Cove Mtn, TN -Summer 2002Cove Mtn, TN -Summer 2002Gulf of Mexico (Ship) –Summer 2003Gulf of Mexico (Ship) –Summer 2003

Oxford and Wye, MD –Summer 2004Oxford and Wye, MD –Summer 2004Harcum, VA –Summer 2005Harcum, VA –Summer 2005TEXAQSII, Moody Towers –Summer 2006TEXAQSII, Moody Towers –Summer 2006

Diurnal Hg(0) ConcentrationsDiurnal Hg(0) Concentrations

Diurnal Hg-p ConcentrationsDiurnal Hg-p Concentrations

Diurnal RGM ConcentrationsDiurnal RGM Concentrations

10 - 20

20 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 200

Symbol size andshape indicates 1999 emissionsof Hg(II) (kg/yr)

coal

incinerator

metals

manuf/other

Symbol colorindicates typeof mercury source

other fuel

9 AM - 7 PMother times

200pg/m3

100pg/m3

Concentration of RGM as a function of wind

direction at Oxford (Jun-Aug, 2004)

1999 RGM emissions near Oxford, Maryland

Wind speed and direction at Oxford (Jun-Aug, 2004)

NERILABTOP

Ultrasonic anemometer Ultrasonic anemometercontroller box

Switch control box

Mass flow controller

Switching valves

Pump

Heating mantels with denuders

II. Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (RGM)II. Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (RGM)

III. Long-term MonitoringIII. Long-term Monitoring

Canaan Valley Institute-NOAA

BeltsvilleEPA-NOAA

Three sites committed to speciated mercury

ambient concentration measurement network

Grand BayNOAA

Motivation and Goals Motivation and Goals

• Establish long-term data record of ambient Establish long-term data record of ambient concentrations (Hgconcentrations (Hg00, RGM, FPM) & Wet Deposition, RGM, FPM) & Wet Deposition

• Discern trends in atmospheric concentrationsDiscern trends in atmospheric concentrations

• Derive dry deposition estimatesDerive dry deposition estimates

• Concurrent measurements of secondary and co-Concurrent measurements of secondary and co-emitted primary pollutantsemitted primary pollutants

• Elucidate source-receptor relationshipsElucidate source-receptor relationships

• Correlation with ancillary trace species to better Correlation with ancillary trace species to better understand the origins and chemical cycling of understand the origins and chemical cycling of mercury in the atmospheremercury in the atmosphere

• Data set for model evaluation Data set for model evaluation

Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site

Grand Bay Grand Bay Estuarine Estuarine Research ReserveResearch Reserve

10

Barry

Holcim Cement

NOAA Grand Bay NERR Hg site

WeeksBay

OLF

Molino

Pace

Ellyson

Jack Watson

AL24

AL02

Crist

Pascagoula MSW incin

haz waste incin

paper manufpaper manuf

Victor J. Daniel

MobileBay

Mobile

Pascagoula

Mississippi Alabama

NOAA

SEARCH

USGS

UWF/FSU

MDN

Monitoring Site

coal-fired power plant

waste incinerator

manufacturing

metallurgical

other fuel combustion

type of mercuryemissions source

total atmosphericmercury emissions (kg/yr, 1999 EPA NEI)

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 400

1 – 50

Location of the new NOAA Grand Bay NERR Atmospheric Mercury monitoring site, other atmospheric Hg monitoring sites, and major Hg point sources in the region (EPA 1999 NEI emissions inventory)

11

10 km

Pascagoula MSW Incinerator

Pascagoula, MS

12

Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site

1 km

30.4294, -88.4277

30.412, -88.404

13

Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site

MeasurementMeasurement TypeType Start DateStart Date

Elemental mercuryElemental mercury AA Sept 2006Sept 2006

Fine particulate mercuryFine particulate mercury AA Sept 2006Sept 2006

Reactive gaseous mercuryReactive gaseous mercury AA Sept 2006Sept 2006

Sulfur dioxideSulfur dioxide AA Oct 2006Oct 2006

OzoneOzone AA Oct 2006Oct 2006

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide AA Oct 2006Oct 2006

Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NOy)Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NOy) AA **

Wind speedWind speed CC **

Wind DirectionWind Direction CC **

Relative HumidityRelative Humidity CC **

TemperatureTemperature CC **

PrecipitationPrecipitation CC **

Total mercury in precipitationTotal mercury in precipitation BB **

Major ions in precipitationMajor ions in precipitation BB **

Type of Measurement: A = concentration in ambient airB = concentration in precipitationC = meteorological parameter

Status of Atmospheric MeasurementsStatus of Atmospheric Measurements at Grand Bay NERR, Mississippiat Grand Bay NERR, Mississippi

* to be established

14

View looking south and west from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service View looking south and west from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pavilion at Grand Bay NERRPavilion at Grand Bay NERR

15

Pictures of Planned (Eventual) Monitoring SitePictures of Planned (Eventual) Monitoring Site

View looking east from the U.S. Fish View looking east from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pavilion at and Wildlife Service Pavilion at Grand Bay NERRGrand Bay NERR

coal

incinerator

metals

manuf/other

Symbol colorindicates typeof mercury source

1 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 – 400

400 - 700

700 – 1000

> 1000

Symbol size andshape indicates 1999 mercuryemissions, kg/yr

rural AQS

NADP/MDN

CASTNet

IMPROVE

Monitoring sites

other AQS

Hg site

100 miles from DC

Bremo

Beltsville monitoring site

Morgantown

Chalk Point

Dickerson

Possum Point

Large Incinerators: 3 medical waste,

1 MSW, 1 haz waste(Total Hg ~ 500 kg/yr)

Brunner Island

Eddystone

Arlington - Pentagon MSW Incin

Brandon Shores and H.A. Wagner

Montgomery CountyMSW Incin

Beltsville, MDBeltsville, MDCASTNet SiteCASTNet Site

Harford County MSW Incin

Simplified wet/dry depositionSimplified wet/dry deposition

no plume chemistryno plume chemistry

EDAS-40 km met data (3-hr res) EDAS-40 km met data (3-hr res)

results displayed are the concentration results displayed are the concentration averaged between 0-10 meters above the averaged between 0-10 meters above the ground for a 1 gram/hr continuous ground for a 1 gram/hr continuous emissions rateemissions rate

Morgantown RGM ~120 kg/yr or ~14 g/hrMorgantown RGM ~120 kg/yr or ~14 g/hr

Example -- 10Example -- 10-11-11 g/m3 (dark blue) is in the g/m3 (dark blue) is in the range 10range 10-11-11 to 10 to 10-9-9 ~ 140 – 14,000 pg/m3 ~ 140 – 14,000 pg/m3

Example -- 10Example -- 10-13-13 g/m3 (green) is in the range g/m3 (green) is in the range 1010-13-13 to 10 to 10-11-11 ~ 1.4 - 140 pg/m3 ~ 1.4 - 140 pg/m3

Simple dispersion example for emissions from Simple dispersion example for emissions from Morgantown coal-fired power plantMorgantown coal-fired power plant

Beltsville site

18

11-Aug-05 16-Aug-05 21-Aug-05 26-Aug-05 31-Aug-05 05-Sep-05 10-Sep-05

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Hg(

0) c

once

ntra

tion

(ng/

m3)Hg(0)

data generously provided for discussion purposes by Fabien Laurier

Hg Concentrations at Beltsville

Note – times shown are UTC, e.g., 7 PM UTC = 3 PM Eastern Daylight Savings Time

11-Aug-05 16-Aug-05 21-Aug-05 26-Aug-05 31-Aug-05 05-Sep-05 10-Sep-05

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

RG

M c

once

ntra

tion

(pg/

m3) RGM

data generously provided for discussion purposes by Fabien Laurier

Hg Concentrations at Beltsville

Note – times shown are UTC, e.g., 7 PM UTC = 3 PM Eastern Daylight Savings Time

MeasurementMeasurement

Elemental mercuryElemental mercury

Fine particulate mercuryFine particulate mercury

Reactive gaseous mercuryReactive gaseous mercury

Sulfur dioxideSulfur dioxide

OzoneOzone

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NOy)Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NOy)

SOSO442-2-, NO, NO33

--, NH, NH33, NH, NH44++, HNO, HNO33, SO, SO22 (Hourly) (Hourly)

Wind speedWind speed

Wind DirectionWind Direction

Relative HumidityRelative Humidity

TemperatureTemperature

PrecipitationPrecipitation

SOSO442-2-, NO, NO33

--, NH, NH44++, HNO, HNO33, SO, SO22 (Weekly) (Weekly)

Total mercury in precipitation (weekly)Total mercury in precipitation (weekly)

Major ions in precipitation (weekly)Major ions in precipitation (weekly)

Status of Atmospheric MeasurementsStatus of Atmospheric Measurements at Beltsville, MD CASTNet Siteat Beltsville, MD CASTNet Site