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Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning
www.mercator-research.euErasmus students at NHL
28 September 2011
Alex Riemersma
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Bilingual Education
• Definition of Bilingual Education• Why bilingual / trilingual education• Mother-tongue & L 2• Models • Didactic approaches
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Mother-tongue
• “Mother-tongue” versus “state language”
• Mother-tongue & father language• L 2 = second language• Foreign language• EU policy: Mother tongue + 2
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Old theory
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New Theory
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Definitions
• Monolingual education: dominant language only
• Bilingual / Trilingual Eduction:two or more languages taught as a subject and used as medium of instruction
• Immersion: use of minority (or: lesser used language) as only medium of instruction – the dominant language taught as a subject
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Why bilingual education?
• Right on education in mother-tongue• Pedagogical development• Cognitive development• Social integration and cohesion• Cultural participation• Language maintenance and
Linguistic Diversity
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Models of bilingual education
• Immersion• Systematic split of time• Systematic split of subjects• One person / one language• [Minority language as a subject only]
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Trilingual education (1)
• Model used:– groep 1-6: 50% Frisian, 50% Dutch– groep 7-8: 40% Frisian, 40% Dutch, 20%
English
• Systematic use of Frisian, Dutch and English as medium of instruction
• Interactive language education
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Trilingual education (2)
• Results: – Good quality of Frisian– Results of Dutch at the same level at the
end of grade 8 as all other pupils in the Nederlands
– Results for English slightly better, but not significantly
– Self conciousness in English better, but not significantly
Trilingual Education (3)
• Developments:• Growth of numbers & percentages:
2008: 28 primary schools2012: 50 primary schools (= 10%)2030: 250 primary schools (= 50%)
• “Early Bird English” (grade 5; gradde 1)• Certification of schools
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Trilingual Education (4)
• Challenges:
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• Conitnuity to secondary education• Quality of teachers in all three target
languages• Equity of Testing of language
command related to level B2 of CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference)
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Dissertaasje / Thesis
• Co-author:Sikko de Jong
• Promotor:Guus Extra (Tilburg)
• Co-promotor:Roeland van Hout
• Theme: Dutch and Frisian language command at the end of primary school
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Students’ task
• Presentation of observations • Comparative analysis of three
languages: - own mother-tongue (in position of minority language, f.e. in kin state); - Frisian; and: - one weaker language; and / or: - one stronger language
• Power point presentation
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Regional Dossiers
• Series > 40
• Update every 5 year
• Online available
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Mercator’s Activity Area
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Foto fan bern
• Leafst bern yn de klasse
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• Eskerrik asko
• Mange Takk
• Diolch
Tankewol
• Trugarez
• Grazia
• Graciis
• Dankscheen
• Mercé plan
• Kiitos
•Köszönöm
• Multimesc • Thank you
•Hvala
•Dankuwel