BE (Marine) 6th semester.

QUESTION BANK – 3 mark Questions

1).Which year Oil pol was started and by which country

In 1954, the United Kingdom organized a conference on oil pollution which resulted in the adoption of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by

Oil (OILPOL), 1954.

• Entered into force on 26 July 1958

• Amendments in 1962, 1969 and 1971

2).Write short notes on nuclear pollution

The worlds oceans have been a sink for radioactive waste from the production of nuclear weapons and electric power since 1944.Radioactive waste enters the oceans from nuclear weapon testing, the releasing or dumping of waste from nuclear fuel cycle systems , and nuclear accidents. Dumping of highly radioactive wastes is no longer permitted in oceans , but dumping of low level wastes is still permitted. Low level waste contains less radioactivity per gram than high level waste. High level wastes usually have longer half lives. For example, one common high level waste that is produced by spent nuclear fuel has a half life of 24,100 years! It has been suggested that contained nuclear waste should be disposed in deep sea .so little is known about the deep sea environment or the consequence of contaminant leakage and failure , that the effects could be devastating.

3).Write short notes on eutrophication

The release of excess nutrients into costal waters. Fertilizers used on lands are washed into the ocean via rivers and streams. High nutrient concentrations cause phytoplankton blooms such as, red tides, various yellow and green foams, slimes and slicks. Although algal blooms are natural, a high frequency of their occurrence in the past twenty years indicates unhealthy ecosystem. The toxicity of recent blooms are increasing, which can have a direct effect on the organisms that feed on them. Also, phytoplankton naturally contains DMS(dimethyl sulphide) which is released from dead phytoplankton into the atmosphere and can be changed into sulphuric acid to eventually contribute to acid rain.

4).What is EEZ and its ranges.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

• Following the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of

• the Sea, a standard 200 nautical miles wide fishing areas from the ‘base

• lines’ called economic zone (EEZ) was established for the waters of each

• coastal nations. This means that individual nations now have full control

• of all fishery activity within 200 miles of their shores and they have

• sovereign rights over the resources of their continental shelves that, in

• some cases, can extend even further

5).Mention the type of coral reefs

CORAL REEF ARE THREE TYPES :

FRINGING REEF, BARRIER REEF, ATOLLS REEF.

6).Explain oil booms and where it is used

A boom has a floating skirt suspended down in the water and a sail holding it above the water line. The floating skirt stops the oil from passing. These are used to prevent oil from entering delicate and protected areas.

7).Explain about MEPC

MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMITTEE. According to IMO ,MEPC is the authority one who can modify the regulations and the annexes thereby amending new protocols.

8).Ows memory should retain for how many years, ORB to retain for how many years.

OWS memory should retain for 18 months.

ORB to be retained on board for 3 years from last entry as per Liberian rules

9).Explain manual and auto discharge though 15ppm equipment

10).Write the important difference between COW washing and tank cleaning

11).Explain SBT,CBT, Double hull

SEGREGATED BALLAST TANK(SBT) -are required on all new tankers of 20,000 dwt(CRUDE OIL TANKER AND 30000 TONNES FOR PRODUCT CARRIER) and above (in the parent convention SBTs were only required on new tankers of 70,000 dwt and above). The

bProtocol also required SBTs to be protectively located - that is, they must be positioned in such a way that they will help protect the cargo tanks in the event of a collision or grounding.

The capacity of SBT sufficient for the ship to operate safely on ballast voyages without recourse to the use of cargo tanks for ballast water. No need of double hull, tanks provided at wings, totally separate and may not be at bottom.

CLEAN BALLAST TANK(CBT): For existing crude oil tankers (built before entry into force of the Protocol) a third alternative was permissible for a period of two to four years after entry into force of MARPOL 73/78. The dedicated clean ballast tanks (CBT) system meant that certain tanks are dedicated solely to the carriage of ballast water.

DOUBLE HULL: oil tankers >600 tonnes deadweight delivered on or after 6 july 1996 shall have double hull.

12).What is the ORB weekly entry

(c) 11. Collection of oil residues.

Quantites of oil residues (sludge & other oil residues) retained on board.Theqty should be recorded weekly. This means that the qty must be recorded once a week even if the voyage lasts more than one week).

.1 - identity of tanks.

.2 - capacity of tanks in m3.

.3 - total qty of retention in m3.

12. Method of disposal of residue.

.1 - to reception facility.

.2 - transferred to another (other) tanks (indicate tanks & the total content of tanks.

.3 - incinerated (indicate total time of operation).

.4 - other method (state which).

13).Which ship needs the IOPP certificate, mention the validity

OIL TANKERS<150GRT OTHER SHIPS <400GRT VALIDITY= 5 YRS

14).While bunkering,How many bunker sample should be taken, mention the distribution.

4 bunker samples should be taken during bunkering.

They are distributed as

1. MARPOL SAMPLE2. SUPPLIER SAMPLE3. SHIP SAMPLE4. SAMPLE FOR ANALYSIS

IF the Bunkering is done in Singapore, 5 samples to be taken. Extra one for the port authorities.

15).Whether ballast water can be taken in COT of a double hull., if so under what condition it can be taken

NO BALLAST CAN BE TAKEN IN COTS EXCEPT ,DURING SEVERE WEATHER CONDITION,EXCEPTIONAL CASES.

16).What is the meaning of SOPEP, which ship required SOPEP.

SOPEP stands for Ship board oil pollution emergency plan. Items are :Saw dust, sand, Scupper plugs, Oil spill Dispersant, Boom, broom stick, cotton waste, cotton jute, Oil Absorbents, Shovel, wilden pump, Buckets, and Drums.

A) OIL TANKER > 150 GRTB)      ALL OTHER SHIPS > 400 GRTC)      DEVELOPED IN LINE WITH IMO GUIDELINES, APPROVED BY ADMINISTRATION

17).Mention the Standard discharge connection for ER OILY WATER.

STANDARD DISCHARGE CONNECTION FOR ER OILY WATER:- TO ENABLE PIPES OF SHORE RECEPTION FACILITIES TO BE CONNECTED WITH SHIPS

DISCHARGE PIPELINE FOR RESIDUES FROM MACHINERY SAPCES. BOTH SHORE + SHIP LINES TO BE FITTED WITH STANDARD DISCHARGE

CONNECTION.Regulation 10 , Standard discharge connections .

Pipe of reception facility with ship’s pipe line OD:210mm,bolt circle dia:170mm, 4 holes, flange thickness:16mm, bolts & nuts 4 each of 16mm.

18).Write MARPOL annexe II, mention there categories

ANNEXE-2: Regulation for the control pollution by NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES in bulk from ships.

A)     NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES FALLING IN TO CATEGORY X,Y,Z,OSB)    X-    IT CREATES major hazard.

C)    Y- IT CREATES hazard.

D)   Z-  IT CREATES MINOR hazard.E)    OS- IT IS OTHER SUBSTANCES CREATES NO HARM TO MARINE SUBSTANCES,

19).Write MARPOL annexe III, What is the meaning of harmonised labelling.290

ANNEX III- Regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form.

October 2006 amendments to MARPOL - revised Annex III

The revised MARPOL Annex III Regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form. The Annex has been revised to harmonize the regulations with the criteria for defining marine pollutants which have been adopted by the UN Transport of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Sub-Committee, based on the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).

20).Write MARPOL annexe IV, which kind of ship needs it.

MARPOLL ANNEXE IV: REGULATION FOR PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY SEWAGE FROM SHIPS Entry into force from 27th September, 2003

New ships of 400 tons gross tonnage and above. Existing ships 400 DWT ABOVE – 5 years after the date of entry into force of this

annexe. existing ship < 400 dwt, cert. carry more than 15 persons,5 yrs after entry into force. new ships < 400dwt, cert. for 15 persons

21).What is the use of sewage collecting tank and its requirements307

22).Write MARPOL annexe V, which kind of ship needs it

ANNEX V - REGULATIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY GARBAGE FROM SHIPS.

Ships of 400 gross tonnage and above and having more than 15 persons need approved garbage management plan.

23).What are all the special areas for annexe V

A) REGULATION 05, Disposal of garbage within special area – .

Entry into force  Mediterranean sea area. 31.12.1988  Baltic sea area. 31.12.1988  Black sea area. 31.12.1988  Red sea area. 31.12.1988  Gulf area. 31.12.1988  North sea area. 18.02.1991  Antarctic area. 17.03.1992  Wider Caribbean region. 04.04.1993

24).What is IAPP,what is EIAPP

Ans. Ship>400 gt

IAPP –International air pollution prevention

EIAPP-ENGINE International air pollution prevention

VESSEL SHOULD HAVE APPROVED CERT KEEL LAID AFTER 19th may 2005

25).Mention three important requirement of IMO Incinerator

26).What is the maximum content of 02 content from boiler flue gas, what should be in

COT

The maximum limit of o2 supplied from engine room flue gas should be at 5%The maximum limit of o2 content inside The cargo oil tank should be at below 8%

27).Mention the uses of Slop tank?

• To carry cargo.• For oil residuary retained.• For cow washing.

• For tanking cleaning.

12 mark questions

1. Write the history of MARPOL Oil pollution of the seas was recognized as a problem in the first half of the 20th

century. Various countries introduced national regulations to control discharges of oil

within their territorial waters. In 1954, the United Kingdom organized a conference on oil pollution which

resulted in the adoption of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL), 1954.

Entered into force on 26 July 1958. Amendments in 1962, 1969 and 1971. The 1954 Convention primarily addressed pollution resulting from routine

tanker operations and from the discharge of oily wastes from machinery spaces - regarded as the major causes of oil pollution from ships.

In 1978 IMO held a Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention. The conference adopted measures affecting tanker design and operation, which were incorporated into both the Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1974 Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea.

More importantly in terms of achieving the entry into force of MARPOL, the 1978 MARPOL Protocol allowed States to become Party to the Convention by first implementing Annex I (oil).

The International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) - finally entered into force on 2 October 1983.(for Annexes I and II).

The adoption of the MARPOL Convention in 1973 was an important step in focusing the shipping industry's attention on the environment.

The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations.

Currently includes SIX technical Annexes.

2. Write about various pollution and how the marine environment is getting affected.

Some major types of pollutants that have been the focus of recent research are oil,sewage,garbage , chemicals , radioactive waste , thermal pollution , and

eutrophication.

1. OIL:

Discharge of oil from ships into the oceans

2. SEWAGE:

This type of pollution is discharged into the oceans all over the world. sewage add to the amount of small particles suspended in the water column and contributes large amount of nutrients. The effect of sewage is difficult to detect on the open coast, but in semi enclosed areas the effects are devastating. Near sewage outflow areas in temperature waters of California , the benthic invertebrate communities have degraded, kelp beads have disappeared and diseased fish have become more prevalent in tropical waters, outflows near coral, and eventually smoothens them to death.

3.GARBAGE:

This type of pollution has huge effect on ocean life.

4.CHEMICALS

These are toxic substances that are released by the industrialised nations and make their way into ocean systems. They are not visible like garbage and sewage and therefore can sneak their way into ocean systems through food chains and affect organisms at different times and places from where they were released. An example of this type of pollution is DDT (DichloroDiphenylTrichloro ethane). DDT was used for years as a pesticide in farms. Later it was found that it doesn’t break down, but in fact,persists for years; just how long is unknown. Various dyes from chemical factory. This compound is relatively insoluble in water and bonds strongly to particles. Although DDT is not used in the marine environment it enters marine food webs through lad run off, precipitation and dumping.DDT is absorbed by plankton but cannot be metabolised. Since it is not metabolised it accumulates in the food chain until it reaches the top of carnivore, where more drastic effects are seen. For example, in marine birds, DDT interferes with calcium deposition in egg shells. The egg shells are extremely thin & easily broken

5.RADIOACTIVE WASTES

The world’s oceans have been a sink for radioactive waste from the production of nuclear weapons and electric power since 1944.Radioactive waste enters the oceans from nuclear weapon testing, the releasing or dumping of waste from nuclear fuel cycle systems, and nuclear accidents. Dumping of highly radioactive wastes is no longer permitted in oceans, but dumping of low level wastes is still permitted. Low level waste

contains less radioactivity per gram than high level waste. High level wastes usually have longer half lives. For example, one common high level waste that is produced by spent nuclear fuel has a half life of 24,100 years! It has been suggested that contained nuclear waste should be disposed in deep sea .so little is known about the deep sea environment or the consequence of contaminant leakage and failure , that the effects could be devastating

6. THERMAL POLLUTION

Electrical generating plants along the ocean coastal lines use the marine waters for cooling purposes which leads to heated water expelled into the marine environment. Few studies have been done on the effects of thermal pollution in marine environment. Thermal effect seems to only affect the communities immediately adjacent to the discharge. Thermal discharge is most noted in the tropical areas, where organisms are near their thermal maximum. For example, mangrove trees is a thermal heated bay no longer reproduce and no seedlings can be found in the lagoon.

7.EUTROPHICATION

The release of excess nutrients into costal waters. Fertilizers used on lands are washed into the ocean via rivers and streams. High nutrient concentrations cause phytoplankton blooms such as, red tides, various yellow and green foams, slimes and slicks. Although algal blooms are natural, a high frequency of their occurrence in the past twenty years indicates unhealthy ecosystem. The toxicity of recent blooms are increasing, which can have a direct effect on the organisms that feed on them. Also, phytoplankton naturally contains DMS(dimethyl sulphide) which is released from dead phytoplankton into the atmosphere and can be changed into sulphuric acid to eventually contribute to acid rain.

3. Write the various Marpol annexes. annex 1 - regulations for the prevention of pollution by oil annex 2 - regulations for the control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in

bulk annex 3 - regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried

by sea in packaged form annex 4 - regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships annex 5 - regulations for the control of pollution by garbage from ships annex 6- regulation for the prevention of air pollution by the ships. annex 7 – regulation for the prevention of pollution by ballast water. from ships. annex 8- regulation for the prevention of pollution by anti-fouling paint in ships.

4. Write the Special areas for Annexe I

ANNEXE 1: Regulation for the prevention of pollution by oil from ships.

Areas Date of entry

Mediterranean Sea area. 02.10.1983.

Baltic Sea area 02.10.1983.

Black sea. 02.10.1983.

Red Sea area. 02.10.1983.

Gulf Sea area, 02.10.1983.

Gulf of Aden area. 01.04.1989.

Antarctic area. 17.03.1992.

North-West European waters.01.02.1999.

Omen Sea area. 01.01.2007.

Southern South Africa 01.03.2008.

5. Write the ORB letters and its details. ORB contains references to ‘Volumes’

As per new instructions all volumes of Bilges &Sludges handled is to be in m3

(Applicable Letter codes ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’)

Fuel oil & Lubricating oil bunkering quantities in tonnes (Applicable code ‘H’)

ORB contains references to ‘Volumes’

As per new instructions all volumes of Bilges &Sludges handled is to be in m3

(Applicable Letter codes ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’)

Fuel oil & Lubricating oil bunkering quantities in tonnes (Applicable code ‘H’)

Statement of accidental or exceptional discharges that are normally not allowed as per Annex 1 to be entered correctly using Code ‘G’

Failure of Oil Filtering equipment, automatic stopping device, Monitoring and alarm equipment to be entered in Code ‘F’

Code A – Ballast or cleaning of Fuel tanks

Code B – Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from fuel tanks referred to under Section (A)

Code C – Collection and Disposal of oil residues (sludge and other oil )

Code D – Non-automatic discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces

Code E – Automatic discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces

Code F – Condition of oil filtering equipment

Code G – Accidental or other exceptional discharges of oil

Code H – Bunkering of fuel and bulk lubricating oil

Code I – Additional operational procedures and General remarks

6. As per MARPOL where the vessels can discharge ER Bilge water, under what condition, what entries to be made.

Vessels can discharge ER bilge water outside special areas,condition:

For ships more than 400 GRT:

1. Ship should be proceedingenroute.2. Oily mixture should pass through OWS.3. Oil content effluent dilution <15ppm.

For discharge in special areas:

1. Ship en route.2. oil mixture processed thru OWS, as per Reg 14.( >15ppm alarm & stopping device)3. Oil content effluent dilution <15ppm.4. Does not originate from cargo pump room bilges of a tanker.5. In case of tankers, oil mixture not mixed with oil cargo residue.6. No discharge in Antarctic area.

Ships <400GRT in all areas except Antarctica:

1. Ship en route.2. Oil content effluent dilution <15ppm.3. Does not originate from cargo pump room bilges of a tanker.4. In case of tankers, oil mixture not mixed with oil cargo residue.

LIST OF ITEMS TO BE RECORDED ON ORB:

D) Non-automatic discharge OBD or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in ER machinery spaces:

13. Quantity discharged or disposed of.

14. Time of discharge or disposal (start & stop)

15. Method of discharge or disposal:

.1 Through 15 PPM equipment (state position at start & end).

.2 To reception facilities (identify port).

.3 Transfer to slop tank or holding tank (indicate tanks; state quantity transferred and the total quantity retained in tanks. )

7. What is the ER OWS timing of alarm and valves, explain with a simple diagram of checking arrangements as per MARPOL.

8. What are all the requirement of IMO Incinerator, what are all the items can be incinerated, what entries to be made.

ITEMS CAN BE INCINERATED:

Kind of Garbage Outside Special Areas Within Special Area

Plastics, including synthetic ropes and fishing nets and plastic bags

Disposal prohibited Disposal prohibited

Dunnage, lining and packing materials which will float

25 miles offshore Disposal prohibited

Papers, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery and similar refuse.

12 miles offshore Disposal prohibited

Papers, rags, glass, metal etc.

Comminuted or ground

3 miles offshore Disposal prohibited

Food waste not comminuted or ground 12 miles offshore 12 miles offshore

Food waste not comminuted or ground 3 miles offshore 12 miles offshore

Incinerator ash ( exclude plastic ash ) 12 miles offshore Disposal prohibited

ENTERIES TO BE MADE:

1) Date & Time and Location of the Ship at the beginning of incineration2) Date & Time and Location of the Ship at the completion of incineration3) The type & amount of Garbage Incinerated.

9. What are all the safety precaution to be taken before bunkering, if some oil spill occur enumerate the safety procedures.

In case of oil spill the responsible crew must tell the barge to stop pumping it must be dealt with using the emergency response kit. If the spillage contaminates the water surrounding the vessel ,then the port authority must be inform so that their oil spill response procedure can be put in to operation to limit any damage cost.oil booms must be put around the vessel for preventing the spreading of oil in to further waters .oil spill dispersant or hand pumps may be used for the removal of oil.

10.Where the oil tanker can discharge dirty slop tank. And how to discharge, what entry will be made in which record..

1. Tanker is not within a special area.

2. The tanker is more than 50NM from the nearest land.

3. The tanker is proceeding en route.

4. The instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does notexceed 30 ltrs. Per NM.

5. The total quantity of oil discharge into the sea does notexceed for tanker delivered on or before 31st December1979, as defined in Reg.1.28.1, 1/15,000 of the total quantityof the cargo of which the residue formed a part, and for tankers delivered after 31st Dec. 1979 is 1/30,000 ltrs.

6. Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture from the cargo area of an oil tanker shall be prohibited while in special area.

7. This shall not apply to the discharge of clean or segregated ballast.

Discharge of water from slop tanks into the sea:

1. Identity of slop tanks.2. Time of settling from last entry of residues, or3. Time of settling from last discharge.4. Time and position of ship at start of discharge.5. Ullage of total contents at start of discharge.6. Ullage of oil/water interface at start of discharge.7. Bulk quantity discharged and rate of discharge.8. Final quantity discharged and rate of discharge.9. Time and position of ship on completion of discharge.

10. Was the discharge monitoring and control system in operationduring the discharge.

11. Ullage of oil/water interface on completion of discharge.12. Ship’s speed(s) during discharge.13. Was a regular check kept on the effluent and the surface of thewater in the locality of the discharge.14. Confirm that all applicable valves in the ship’s piping system havebeen closed on completion of discharge from the slop tanks.

11.Mention the annexe II Products, and the tank cleaning discharge procedures for various products.

12.Mention the annexe IV discharges as per the plants. Mention at least six tests. How to discharge the holding tank.

Regulation for the prevention of pollution from ship by Discharge of sewage.

1. Imo approved sewage treatment plant any water (except Antarctica)

2. Comminuted& disinfected system using approved by the administration, at a distance of >3 nautical miles

3. Not comminuted or disinfected at a distance of > 12 nautical miles.

4. Sewage in holding tanks – maximum rate, & not less than 12 nm

5. Ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant, certified by administration.

6. Sewage mixed with waste or waters- those annexes have to be complied.

Method of testing should be by:

1. Filtration of representative sample through a 0.45 μmfilterMembrane, drying at 105°C and weighing; or

2. Centrifuging of a representative sample (for at least five minuteswith mean acceleration of 2,800-3,200 g), drying at least 105°C

3. Weighing

4. Other internationally accepted equivalent test standard.

5. Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand.

sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected at a distance ofmore than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land, provided that in any case, the sewage that has been stored in holding tanks shall not be discharged instantaneously but at a moderate rate when the ship is en route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots; the rate of discharge shall be approved by the Administration based upon standards developed by the Organization.

13.As per annexe V , what are all the discharge procedures for various ship products.

Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic & operational waste excluding fresh fish and parts thereof generated during normal operations of ship. Except those substances which are listed in other Annexes. It is applies to all ships.

a) All plastics, synthetic ropes, synthetic fishing nets, plastic garbage bags & incinerator ashes from Plastic products contain toxic or heavy metal residues are prohibited.

b) 25 miles -for dunnage, lining & packing materials which will float.

C) 12NM for food wastes & all other garbage including paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery & similar refuse.

D) Item ‘c’, permitted if comminuted or ground, >3NM

Suchgarbage shall be capable of passing thru a screen with openings no greater than 25mm (GALLEY DISPOSER)

E). Garbage mixed with other discharges stringent rules apply.

Disposal inside special area Following 1,2, prohibited

1. Plastic, syntheticropes, incinerator ashes from plastic products, heavy metal residue

2, all other garbage including paper products, rags, bottles, crockery, tonnage, lining, packing material.

Can dispose- Food waste more than 12 nm

In wider Caribbean –food waste comminuter or grinder >3nm from nearest land ,<size not more than 25mm

14.With the diagram explain the explosion limit of O2 and hydro carbon vapours,

15.Explain Marpol Annexe VI and what are all the items regulated as per annexe VI

MARPOL Annex VI – Regulations For The Prevention of Air Pollution from ships. Entry into force from 19 th May 2005.

REGULATION 1: the provision s of this annex apply to all ships except in regulations 3, 5, 6, 13, 15, 16 and 18 of this annex.

REGULATION 2: DEFINITIONS:

Continuous feeding-without human assistance combustion temp operating temp 850 deg to 1200 deg c

Emission means any release of substances subject to control by this annex from ships into atmosphere or sea.

NOx Technical code- control of nitrogen oxide from marine diesel engines.

Sludge oil – from the fuel oil or lube oil separators, waste lube oil from ME/AE, from OWS, drip trays.

Ozone-depleting substances – depletes ozone layer.

Ozone depleting substances found on board ships are:

• Halon 1211- bromochlorodifluoromethane

• Halon 1301- bromotrifluromethane

• Halon 2402- 1,2-dibromo-1,1,2,2-teroflurothane(also called Halon 114B2)

• CFC-11 - TRICHOROFLUOROMETHANE

• CFC-12 - dichlorodifluoromethane

• CFC-113 - 1,1,2- Trichloro – 1,2,2- Trifluoroethane

• CFC-114 - 1,2- dichloro – 1,1,2,2- Tetrafluoroethane

• CFC-115 - chloropentafluoroethane

REGULATION 3: EXCEPTIONS: not applicable to :

1. Any emission necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at sea.2. Any emission from damage to a ship or its equipment,

2.1 provided all reasonable precaution have been taken for preventin or minimising the emission.

2.2 Except if the owner or master acted either with the intent to cause damage.

REGULATION 4: EQUIVALENTS.

REGULATION 5:SURVEY.

REGULATION 6: ISSUE OR ENDORSEMENT OF CERTIFICATE:

An IAPP and EIAPP certificate shall be issued, after an initial or renewal survey in accordance with the provisions of regulation 5 of this annex, to:

1. Any ship >400 GRT engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other parties.

2. Platforms or drilling rigs engaged in voyages under the jurisdiction of other parties.3. VESSEL SHOULD HAVE APPROVED CERT KEEL LAID AFTER 19th may 2005.

REGULATION 7: ISSUE OF CERTIFICATE BY ANOTHER PARTY.

REGULATION 8:FORM OF CERTIFICATE.

REGULATION 9:DURATION AND VALIDITY OF CERTIFICATE.

REGULATION 10:PORT STATE CONTROL ON OPERATIONAL REQMNTS.

REGULATION 11: DETECTION OF VIOLATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT.

REGULATION 12: OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES:

Any deliberate emission of ozone depleting substances shall be prohibited. This includes emissions during maintaining, servicing, repairing or disposing of systems or equipment.

Installations containing ozone depleting subs, other than hydrofluorocarbons, shall be prohibited:1. On ships constructed on or after 19 may 2005, or2. Ships made before 19 may 2005 having delivery date of equipment to the ship on or

after 19 may 2005. Installations containing hydrocarbons:

1. On ships constructed on orafter 1 jan 2020.2. Ships made before 1 jan 2020, having delivery date of equipment to the ship on or after

1 jan 2020. Equipment containing such substances shall be delivered to appropriate reception facility

when removed from ship. Halon installation on new vessel prohibited from 1stoctober 1994.

REGULATION 13: NITROGEN OXIDES(NOx):

1.1) applicable toEach marine diesel engine with a power output>130KW, installed in a ship constructed on or after 1 jan 2000.

1.2) Not applicable to Emergency diesel engines, life boat engines Or any other device or equipment intend to be solely in case of emergency.

TIER I:

Subject to reg 3 of this annex, opern of marine diesel engine installed in a ship on or after 1 jan 2000 and before 1 jan 2011 is prohibited Except when emission of nitrogen oxide from engines is within the following limits:

i) 17.0 g / kwh, when n is less than 130 rpm.

ii) 45.0 x n (-0.2) g / kwh when rpm is 130 or more but less than 2,000 rpm.

iii. 9.8 g/kw.h when n is 2000 rpm or more.

TIER II:

Subject to reg. 3 of this annex, operation of marine diesel engine installed IN a ship on or after 1 Jan 2011 is prohibited Except when emission of nitrogen oxide from engines is within the following limits:

• <130 RPM = 14.4 g/kwh

• >130 RPM >2000 = 44XRPM(-0.23) g/kwh

• <2000 rpm = 7.7 g/kwh

TIER III:

Subject to reg. 3 of this annex, operation of marine diesel engine installed in a ship on or after 1 jan 2011 is prohibited Except when emission of nitrogen oxide from engines is within the following limits:

• < 130 RPM = 3.4g/kwh

• > 130 <2000 =9xrpm(-0.2) g/kwh

• >2000 rpm =2.0 g/kwh

NOx components :

The NOx-influencing components and settings depend on the design of the particular engine, and shall be listed in the engine’s Technical File. The below list shows typical NOx-influencing parameters:

• Injection timing

• Injection system components (nozzle, injector, fuel pump)

• Injection pressure

• Camshaft components (fuel cam, inlet- and exhaust cam)

• Fuel cam.

• Valve timing

• Combustion chamber (piston, cylinder head, cylinder liner)

• Compression ratio (connecting rod, piston rod, shim, gaskets)

• Turbocharger type and build (internal components)

• Charge air cooler/charge air pre-heater

• Auxiliary blower

• NOx reducing equipment 'water injection'

• NOx reducing equipment 'emulsified fuel' (fuel/water emulsion)

• NOx reducing equipment 'exhaust gas recirculation'

• NOx reducing equipment 'selective catalytic reduction'

The actual Technical File of an engine may include less components and/or parameters other than the list above, depending on the particular engine and the specific engine design.

NOx monitoring :

If the 'Simplified Measurement Method' is the selected onboard verification procedure, the surveyor will witness the testing in addition to review the following documentation:

• EIAPP Certificates for all applicable diesel engines onboard

• Approved Technical Files including “Onboard verificationprocedure” for all the applicable diesel engines onboard

• All recommendations from engine manufacturer and approvals from the Administration concerning the 'Simplified Measurement Method'

• Test results

If the 'Direct Monitoring and Measurement Method' is the selected onboard verification procedure, the surveyor will typically want to see:

• EIAPP Certificates for all applicable diesel engines onboard

• Approved Technical Files including 'Onboard verification procedure' for all the applicable diesel engines onboard

• Documentation/Approval of the installed measuring equipment

• Logged measurement results in order to verify that the engines comply with the NOx Technical Code.

Regardless of what onboard verification procedure the Ship-Owner chooses, the IAPP Certificate for the vessel will be issued if all other requirements are found to comply with the applicable requirements.

NOx REDUCTION METHODS:

PRIMARY METHODS:Can be achieved by controlling the NOx components.1. It has limited effect on reduction.2. Impact on engine efficiency.

SECONDARY METHODS:1. DRY METHODS.2. WET METHODS(WETPAC DWI, WETPAC H, WETPAC E).3. SELECTIVE CALATYTIC REACTOR.4. SCRUBBERS.5. WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM.

Impact:

1. Highest flexibility.2. Highest engine efficiency.

REGULATION 14: Sox AND PARTICULATE MATTER:

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

For Global Cap, the sulphurcontent limits are as follows:

• 4.5% prior to 1st Jan. 2012.

• 3.50% on and after 1st Jan. 2012.

• 0.50% on and after 1st Jan 2020.

If not possible, will be enforced on 2025, without any additional review.

For the Emission control areas:

• 1.5% prior to 1st March 2010.

• 1.00% on and after 1st march 2010.

• 0.10% on and after 1.1.2015.

Requirements within SOx emission control areas SECA (ECA)

i. Baltic sea. -19 th may 2006

ii. North sea./English channel 19th Nov 2007

iii. Any other areas designated by the organization.

Emission control areas, does not exceed 1.5% mass/mass. An exhaust cleaning gas cleaning system approved by the administration is applied to reduce the total emission from ships including AE & ME to 6.0 g SOx /kwh or less as the total weight of Sox emission..

Using separate fuel oils to comply, shall allow sufficient time for the fuel oil service system to be flushed of all fuels exceeding 1.5% Sulphur content prior to entry into a SOx emission control areas.

Volume of LSFO in each tank and the date, time, and position of the ship when any fuel oil changeover opern is done before entering ECA.

EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS:

GUIDELINES:

MARPOL ANNEX VI, REGULATION 14(4)(b) .

• Regulation 14(4) of Annex VI to MARPOL 73/78 requires ships within SOx emission control areas to either use fuel oil with a sulphur content not exceeding 1.5%, or

• apply an exhaust gas (SOx) cleaning system (EGCS-SOx) to reduce the total emission of SOx to 6.0g/kWh. (6.0 gmSOx/kWh or less should be calculated as the total weight of sulphur dioxide emission).

• The EGCS-SOx unit is to be approved by the Administration taking into account guidelines developed by the Organization.

• Introduction of the SO2 (ppm) / CO2 (%) ratio method would simplify the monitoring of SOx emission and facilitate type approval of the EGCS-SOx unit.

EGCS-SOx unit’s wash water systems should:

(a) eliminate, or reduce to a level at which they are not harmful, hydrocarbons, carbon residue, ash, vanadium, other heavy metals, and other substances contained within.

EGCS-SOx unit’s wash water that may have an adverse impact on ecosystems if discharged overboard,

(b) ensure that the approach adopted, to control wash water quality and residual waste is not achieved in a way that causes pollution in other areas or environmental media,

(c) also taking into account guidelines to be developed by the Organization.

WASH WATER RESIDUES:

• Residues generated by the EGCS-SOx unit should be land disposed. Such residues should not be discharged to the sea or incinerated on board.

• The record keeping requirements in respect of the disposal of wash water residues are to take into account guidelines to be developed by the Organization.

REGULATION 15: VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS(VOC):

A Tanker carrying crude oil shall have on board VOC management plan approved by admin. The plan shall:

1. Provide written procedures for minimising VOC emissions during loading, sea passage and discharge of cargo.

2. Give consideration to additional VOC generated by COW.3. Identify person responsible for implementing plan.4. Written in working languages of master and officers for international voyages.

REGULATION 16: SHIPBOARD INCINERATION:

• Incineration is allowed only in a shipboard incinerator.

• Should be approved by the administration. installed on a ship on or after 01.01.2000

Shipboard incineration of the following substances shall be prohibited.

a) Annex I,II,&III cargo residues of the present convention & related contaminated packing materials.

b) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).

c) Garbage contain traces of heavy metals.

d) Refined petroleum products contain halogen compounds.

5) Shipboard incineration of sewage sludge, sludge oil from ME,AE& BLR, but in those cases shall not take place inside ports, harbours & estuaries.

6)EGCS residues.

Shipboard incineration of Polyvinyl Chlorides (PVCs) shall be prohibited, except in shipboard incinerators which IMO type approval certificate have been issued.

7) Shall posses a manufacturers operating manual, which shall specify how to operate the incinerator within the limits.

8) Personnel responsible for operation of any incinerator shall be trained.

9) Monitoring of combustion flue gas outlet temp. at all times, waste shall not be fed when temp. <850*c. Unit shall be designed the combustion chamber shall reach 600*c in 5 min. after start up.

REGULATION 17:RECEPTION FACILITIES:

a) reception of ozone depleting substances & equipment, when removed from ship.

b) Exhaust cleaning residues from EGCS.

c) Ship breaking facilities for ozone depleting substances.

REGULATION 18:FUEL OIL AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY:

FUEL OIL QUALITY:

1. Blends of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining.

2. Free from inorganic acids.

3. Not include any added substances or chemical waste which either

i. Jeopardize the safety of ships or affect the performance of the machinery.

ii. Is harmful to personnel or

iii. Contributes to additional air pollution.

4.Sulphur content < 4,5%

5.Shall not Exceed the NOx emission limits.

6.Shall not Contain inorganic acids.

7.This regulation 18 does not apply to coal in solid form or nuclear fuels.

Bunker delivery note contain following information: BDN

i. Name & IMO number of receiving ship.

ii. Port.

iii. Date of commencement of delivery.

iv. Name & address &Tel.No. of the supplier.

v. Product name.

Vi.Quantity in MT.

vii. Density at 15*c (kg/m3)

viii. Sulphur content bunker sample kept for 12 months.

ix. Declaration by supplier above items supplied as per reg.18 of this annex.

Bunker receipt kept on board for 3 years. Marpol sample separate to retain minimum period of 12 months on board. Seal no to enter in the

BDN Singapore bunker sampling procedure.

16.Write the SOX and NOX limits in different years instages, what is ECA.

ECA- Emission Control Area.

For Global Cap, the sulphur content limits are as follows:

• 4.5% prior to 1st Jan. 2012.• 3.50% on and after 1st Jan. 2012.• 0.50% on and after 1st Jan 2020.

If not possible, will be enforced on 2025, without any additional review.

For the Emission control areas:

• 1.5% prior to 1st March 2010.• 1.00% on and after 1st march 2010.• 0.10% on and after 1.1.2015

Regulation 14, Sulphur oxide (SOx).1) Sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed 4.5%

mass/mass.2) World wide supply of fuel, Sulphur content is monitored by the organization.Requirements within SOx emission control areas SECA (ECA)

i. Baltic sea. -19 th may 2006 ii. North sea./English channel 19th Nov 2007 iii. Any other areas designated by the organization.

4) Emission control areas, does not exceed 1.5% mass/mass. An exhaust cleaning gas cleaning system approved by the administration is applied to reduce the total emission from ships including AE & ME to 6.0 g SOx /kwh or less as the total weight of SOxemission.. 5) Using separate fuel oils to comply, shall allow sufficient time for the fuel oil service system to be flushed of all fuels exceeding 1.5% Sulphur content prior to entry into a SOx emission control areas.

Regulation 13, Nitrogen oxides.

• 1) Applies to diesel engines more than 130 KW .installed in a ship constructed on or after istjan 2000

• Does not apply to Emergency diesel engines, life boat engines. Or any other device or equipment intend to be solely in case of emergency.

• Except when emission of nitrogen oxide from engines is within the following limits.o 17.0 g / kwh, when n is less than 130 rpm.o 45.0 x n (-0.2) g / kwh when rpm is 130 or more but less than 2,000 rpm.

o iii. 9.8 g/kw.h when n is 2000 rpm or more

An exhaust gas cleaning system approved by administration.To reduce onboardNox emission at least to limitsNOX Technical code:NOX REGULATION

TIER 1

• 1st Jan 2000-1stJan 2011• <130 RPM = 17 g/kwh • >130 < 2000 = 45 x rpm (-0.2) g/kwh • >2000 rpm = 9.8 g/kwh

TIER 2

• From 1st Jan 2011 • <130 RPM = 14.4 g/kwh • >130 RPM >2000 = 44XRPM(-0.23) g/kwh • <2000 rpm = 7.7 g/kwh

TIER 3

• < 130 RPM = 3.4g/kwh • > 130 <2000 =9xrpm(-0.2) g/kwh • >2000 rpm =2.0 g/kwh

17.Why you needs IG SYSTEM IN A TANKER. With the simple diagram explain the IG system from flue gas.

18.Explain how do you carry out carry out COW washing, How to carry out tank cleaning, mention the important safety procedure.

ALL NEW CRUDE TANKERS >20000 DWT MUST BE FITTED WITH CRUDE OIL WASHING SYSTEM .

crude oil washing (COW), had been developed by the oil industry in the 1970s and offered major benefits. Under COW, tanks are washed not with water but with crude oil

- the cargo itself. COW was accepted as an alternative to SBTs on existing tankers and is an additional requirement on new tankers

TANK CLEANING:

1. Done by using Hot Sea Water by the same crude oil washing system.

2. Must carry, out at Sea

3. Inert Gas system should be provided

4. Maximum Temperature 60 to 70 c

5. Tank Cleaning Residue is stored in the slop tank and transferred to ODMCS.

IMPORTANT SAFETY PROCEDURE:

1. While Tank Cleaning is done when a different grade of cargo is to be carried & is incompatible with the previous cargo.

2. Oxygen should be maintained less than 8%

3. Inert Gas System provided.

4. Washing system to monitor to avoid pollution, and normal operation.

5. Stripping system to monitor and check.

REGULATION FOR DISCHARGING:

Discharged through ODMCS Apparatus. Discharge flow rate should be 30 Litre/NM Discharge should not be 50 NM from Nearest Land. Discharge should not be in special area. Total Quantity should be 1/30000 of the total cargo carried.

19.What are All the safety items fitted in a pump room of a tanker.

1. ENCLOSED SPACE PERMIT.

2. FIXED O2 SENSOR, ALARM

3. FIXED HYDRO CARBON VAPOUR SENSOR,ALARM

4. INTERLOCK BETWEEN BLOWER,AND LIGHTS

5. HIGH TEMP ALARM , TRIPS FOR a)pump casing b) lower bearing c) upper bearing d) bulk head high temp

6. low, low ig pressure-- cop trip.

7. pump room bilge high level alarm

8. copemerg trip in the manifold, pump room entrance, in the pump room, CCR,ER PUMP LOCAL.

20.What is the technical file for NOX control, What are all the important items mentioned.

Engines have to fulfil the nox emission limits set by the imo curve, which is related to engine speed. To show compliance, an engine has to be certified according to the nox technical code and delivered with an EIAPP (engine international air pollution prevention) letter of compliance. The certification process includes nox measurement for the engine type concerned, stamping of components that affect nox formation and a technical file that isdelivered with the engine. imo’s current maximum allowable nox emission levels dependon the speed category of the engine and range from 17 g/kwh for engines of speed <130 rev/min to 9.84 g/kwh for engines of speed >2000 rev/min (figure 3.3). Much tougher curbs on nox and other emissions are set by regional authorities such as California’s air resources board; and Sweden has introduced a system of differentiated port and fairway dues making ships with higher nox emissions pay higher fees than more environment-friendly tonnage of a similar size. With stricter controls planned by the imo, the reduction of nox emissions remains a priority for engine designers whose concern is to secure environmental acceptability without compromising the impressive gains in engine fuel economy and reliability achieved in recent years. (Advances in thermal efficiency have, ironically, directlycontributed to a rise in nox emissions.) Considerable progress has been made and is projected

The NOx-influencing components and settings depend on the design of the particular engine, and shall be listed in the engine’s Technical File. The below list shows typical NOx-influencing parameters:

o Injection timingo Injection system components (nozzle, injector, fuel pump)o Injection pressureo Camshaft components (fuel cam, inlet- and exhaust cam)o Valve timingo Combustion chamber (piston, cylinder head, cylinder liner)o Compression ratio (connecting rod, piston rod, shim, gaskets)o Turbocharger type and build (internal components)o Charge air cooler/charge air pre-heatero Auxiliary blowero NOx reducing equipment 'water injection'o NOx reducing equipment 'emulsified fuel' (fuel/water emulsion)o NOx reducing equipment 'exhaust gas recirculation'o NOx reducing equipment 'selective catalytic reduction'

The actual Technical File of an engine may include less components and/or parameters other than the list above, depending on the particular engine and the specific engine design

21.What is VOC , How to control VOC of a tanker.any safety procedure to follow.

22.Mention the various safety trips and alarms in the IG SYSTEMALARM AND TRIPS1.BOILER FAILURE.-ALARM,TRIP2.SCRUBBER PP FAILURE-ALARM,TRIP3.SCRUBBER HIGH LEVEL, ALARM,FAILURE.4.SCRUBBER LOW LEVEL ,ALARM, TRIP5. IG HIGH TEMP – ALARM,TRIP.6.IG BLOWER TRIP-ALARM-TRIP

7. O2 HIGH- ABOVE 5% ALARM8. O2 HIGH –ABOVE 8%-ALARM-IG DEL VV TO COT CLOSES, IG TO ATMOS/ RECIRCULATION VV OPENS.9. DECK SEAL WATER PR LOW-ALARM,TRIP10..DECK SEAL WATER LEVEL HIGH/LOW ALARM-TRIP.11.IG DECK LINE PR-HIGH-1200~1400.ALARM-RECIRCUL/ATMOSP VV OPENS. IG DEL VV CLOSES12) IG LOW PRESSURE 300MM.13) IG LOW-LOW—PRESURE-100MM.COP TRIPS-(INTERLOCK ARRANGEMENT)14.CONTROL AIR PR LOW-ALARM-TRIP.15.POWER FAILURE-ALARM-TRIP

1. PV Valve on individual tanks lifts at 1400mm and -350 mm2. One PV breaker on the line, releases 1700mm ~2100mm and -700mm.3. PV MAST riser on the IG line common to all tanks.4. VPES (vapour emission control system) on the IG line connected with the

manifold P and S side one at the fwd and one at aft ie 2x2 = 4 lines in a ship.While discharging through VPES, O2. 8% high alarm will give.

5. Pressure transmitter on individual tank , can read the pressure on individual tanks, alarm used to be set around 1500mm and -400mm.

6. Temperature sensors on individual tanks.7. Level sensor on individual tanks, in the new vessels level sensors used to fed in

the computer that will control the COP RPM. And the cargo discharge valve, (AUS –auto unloading system). Tank high level set at 95%.

8. One more high-high level (over fill) alarm fitted in individual tank, will give alarm at 98 %, with siren outside on the mast..

9. PV common alarm on main line with high pr, low pressure and one more independent low-low pressure.

10. Tank pressure and temp monitor and alarm in the CCR. ECR,AND BCM11. While cargo discharge, inerting, tank cleaning, IG Pressure, O2 recorder to run

and record.12. COP will trip if IG pr low-low, pump room hydro carbon vapours alarm, cop

casing, bearing, bulk head high temp.

23.Explain IOPP,IAPP,EIAPP

1) (IOPP) : INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION

Certificate validity:SHALL NOT EXCEED 5 YEARS FROM DATE OF ISSUE

Ceases to be valid If there are significant alterations Upon transfer of flag

IOPP SUPPLEMENT section 3 generally has three sub-sections viz. 3.1, 3.2 & 3.3

Sec 3 - Means of retention and disposal of oil residues (sludge) (Reg 17) and Bilge water Holding tanks* (Bilge holding tanks are not required by the convention, entries in table under section 3.3 is voluntary) as per the new regulation bilge holding tk to enter weekly

Sec 3.1 – Ship is provided with oil residue tanks as follows Sec 3.2 – Means of disposal of residues in addition to the provision of sludge tanks Sec 3.3 – Ship is fitted with holding tanks for retention on board oily bilge water.

2) IAPP –INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION

Ship>400 gt Regardless of what onboard verification procedure the Ship-Owner chooses, the

IAPP Certificate for the vessel will be issued if all other requirements are found to comply with the applicable requirements.

3) EIAPP-ENGINE INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION

Ship>400 grt

The NOx-influencing components and settings depend on the design of the particular engine, and shall be listed in the engine’s Technical File. The below list shows typical NOx-influencing parameters:

o Injection timing

o Injection system components (nozzle, injector, fuel pump)

o Injection pressure

o Camshaft components (fuel cam, inlet- and exhaust cam)

o Valve timing

o Combustion chamber (piston, cylinder head, cylinder liner)

o Compression ratio (connecting rod, piston rod, shim, gaskets)

o Turbocharger type and build (internal components)

o Charge air cooler/charge air pre-heater

o Auxiliary blower

o NOx reducing equipment 'water injection'

o NOx reducing equipment 'emulsified fuel' (fuel/water emulsion)

o NOx reducing equipment 'exhaust gas recirculation'

o NOx reducing equipment 'selective catalytic reduction'

The actual Technical File of an engine may include less components and/or parameters other than the list above, depending on the particular engine and the specific engine design

NOX MONITORING:

If the 'Simplified Measurement Method' is the selected onboard verification procedure, the surveyor will witness the testing in addition to review the following documentation:

EIAPP Certificates for all applicable diesel engines onboard Approved Technical Files including “Onboard verification procedure” for all the

applicable diesel engines onboard All recommendations from engine manufacturer and approvals from the

Administration concerning the 'Simplified Measurement Method' Test results

If the 'Direct Monitoring and Measurement Method' is the selected onboard verification procedure, the surveyor will typically want to see:

EIAPP Certificates for all applicable diesel engines onboard Approved Technical Files including 'Onboard verification procedure' for all the

applicable diesel engines onboard Documentation/Approval of the installed measuring equipment Logged measurement results in order to verify that the engines comply with the NOx

Technical Code.

24.Explain SOPEP and its procedures, what is SMPEP, OPA 90.

S.O.P.E.P. + S.M.P.E.P.(Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan)+(Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan) OPA 90- OIL PREVENTION ACT

Every oil tanker over 150grt and every ship over 400 grt must carry a S.O.P.E.P. onboard the vessel From 1st January every 2003

SOPEP should be DEVELOPED IN LINE WITH IMO GUIDELINES, APPROVED BY ADMINISTRATION

S.M.P.E.P:Ship over 150grt carrying noxious liquid substances must have a S.M.P.E.P.

• Both these Emergency Plans are for a skipper so he knows what to do in the case of a collision or a fire on his ship,

• he should have a plan for this emergency, there should be a pollution prevention teamThe action plan is the same as a muster drill, the pollution team must know what each person has to do in any situation regarding pollution, every memeber of the crew is responsible to prevent pollution

• EMERGENCY PREPARNESS, CONTIGENCY PLAN• APPROVED PLAN WITH APPROVED MANUAL

SOPEP EQUIPMENTS:

Items are :Saw dust, sand, Scupper plugs, Oil spill Dispersant, Boom, broom stick, cotton waste, cotton jute, Oil Absorbents, Shovel, wilden pump, Buckets, and Drums.