Mentoring Guidelines to mitigate Tuta absoluta

We acknowledge the following resources/ references from :www.irac-online.org; IRAC Tuta IRM Task Team -2017 (v6)www.arc.agric.zaARC Tuta absoluta 2016 dvisser@arc.agric.zawww.Dupont.comwww.jaraja.com.nawww.kenyabiologics.com /(USAID)https://insectscience.co.zahttp://www.tutaabsoluta.com/tuta-absoluta

https://www.koppert.com/pests/tuta-absoluta/

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Know the life cycle !

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Tuta absoluta

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Best practices: Target several stages

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Use of traps: Pheromones and poison baits

Sanitation& plastic mulch cover

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Or bury at least 50cm deep Burn any leaves.

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Group Number

Group Number

Mode of action Chemical class Active ingriedient Trade name Products

28 Coragen 1Prevathon 2

28 Ryanodine receptor modulators Diamides Chlorantraniliprole3A Sodium channel modulators Pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin

2 22A Voltage -sodium channel blockers Oxadiazine Indoxacarb Steward 150 EC 45 nAChR alosteric modulators Spinosyns Spinosad Tracer 55 nAChR alosteric modulators Spinosyns Spinetoram Delegate 66 Chloride channel activators Avermectin, Milbemycins Emamectin benzoate Demin Fit15 Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis Benzoylureas Lufenuron Prime 50 EC

Deflin WG 8EBB 9

6 TA Delta trap + Lure 106 Last Call 11

Attractant Pheromone Pheromone + cypermethrin

Bacillus thuringiensis

Ampligo 3

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Diamides Chlorantraniliprole1

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Ryanodine receptor modulators

Microbial disruptors11A

Examples of Chemicals (MOA) registered in RSA & Namibia

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Group MoA1234

Group MoA12345

Products1234567

Oxadiazine

Trade names

Lufenuron

CoragenPrevathonAmpligo

Steward 150 ECTracer

DelegateDemin Fit

Registered Products

SpinosynsSpinosyns

Benzoylureas

ChlorantraniliproleChlorantraniliprolelambda-cyhalothrin

IndoxacarbSpinosad

Spinetoram

Margin 300 WDGEntrust Naturalyte 800 WP

Prime 50 EC

Chemical class Active ingriedientDiamidesDiamides

Pyrethroids

7 Days spray intervals0 - 30 days 30 - 60 days 60 - 90 days 90 - 120 days 120 - 150 days

Mode of Action on 150 day crop cycle

SpraySpray Spray

0 - 30 days 30 - 60 days 60 - 90 days

SpraySpray

90 - 120 days 120 - 150 daysSpray Spray

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Examples of chemical control Read labels carefully !!!

Application: on 0.25ha ( 2500m2)

Spray interval: 10daysDosage rate: 120ml/ha (0.012/m2)= 30ml /blockKnapp sack sprayer out put: 90ml/m2Water per block: 225l ( 22.5 knapsacks)30ml/22.5 knapsacks :1.33 ml in 10 l sprayerPHI: 2 days

MOA: Pyrethroid nerve poison acting on the nerve connectors

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Application: on 0.25ha ( 2500m2)Foliage spray Spray interval: 10-14 days Don’t exceed 3 applicationsDosage rate: 250ml/ha (0.025/m2)= 62.5ml /blockKnapp sack sprayer out put: 90ml/m2Water per block: 225l ( 22.5 knapsacks)62.5ml/22.5 knapsacks :2.77 ml in 10 l sprayerPHI: 2 daysMoA: Blocks nerve signals into nerve cells. (Inhibite Na+ to entry nerve cells)Results in paralysisBee toxicity is low if allowed to try before foraging (spray at sunset or dusk !)

Examples of chemical control Read labels carefully !!!

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Application: on 0.25ha ( 2500m2)Foliage and soil drenchSpray interval:7-10 daysDosage rate: 800ml/ha (0.08/m2)= 200ml /blockKnapp sack sprayer out put: 90ml/m2Water per block: 225l ( 22.5 knapsacks)200ml/22.5 knapsacks : 9 ml in 10 l sprayerPHI: 2 daysMOAInhibits bios synthesis of chitin, interference with development of larvaes cuticle (both ovicidal and larvae activity) Ovicidal: apply 30cm wide band over rows to soilNB: Bee safe and safe for adult stages of natural enemies

Examples of chemical control Read labels carefully !!!

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Tuta absolutaorganic

Options IPM

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Application: on 0.25ha ( 2500m2)Folliage spray to run offSpray interval:7 daysDosage rate: 1000g/ha (0.1/m2)= 250g /blockKnapp sack sprayer out put: 90ml/m2 (800-900l/ha)Water per block: 225l ( 22.5 knapsacks)250g/22.5 knapsacks : 11g in 10 l sprayerPHI: NONE Treat when larvae are small and feeding ( first damage)MOA: Microbial disrupter of insect gut membranes Recommend to add spray sticker

NB: Bee safe and safe for adult stages of natural enemies

IRAC Groupe code 11

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Application: on 0.25ha ( 2500m2)Foliage spray to run offSpray interval:7 daysDosage rate: 500ml/100l (0.1/m2)

Knapp sack sprayer out put: 90ml/m2 (800-900l/ha)Water per block: 225l ( 22.5 knapsacks)22.5 knapsacks : 50ml in 10 l sprayer = 1.125 l per block PHI: 3 days

MOA: Repellant, anti feeding, prevents from breeding and disrupts metamorphose Recommend to add spray sticker and spray to run off , afternoon to sunrise

NB: Bee safe if sprayed at dusk

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Application: on 0.25ha ( 2500m2)

Spray interval:7-10 daysDosage rate: 1.2-2kg/ha (0.12-0.2g/m2)= 300-500g /blockKnapp sack sprayer out put: 90ml/m2Water per block: 225l ( 22.5 knapsacks)300g/22.5 knapsacks : 14g in 10 l sprayerPHI: NONE daysMOAFungus Beauveria bassiana attack larvael stage can be mixed with NeemTo increase efficiency NB: Bee safe and safe for adult stages of natural enemies

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SpinosadApplication: on 0.25ha ( 2500m2)

Spray interval:7 days max 4 applicationsDosage rate: 300ml/ha (0.03/m2)= 75ml /blockKnapp sack sprayer out put: 90ml/m2Water per block: 225l ( 22.5 knapsacks)300ml/22.5 knapsacks : 14ml in 10 l sprayerPHI: 3 daysMOA Group 5ASelective, environmentally friendly insecticide made by a soil bacteria, has also translaminar activities affects the muscle nervous conduits system of insects that eat or touch it This leads to paralysis and ultimately their death, typically within 1-2 days.

NB: Bee safe if sprayed at dusk . Short persistence in the field low impact on beneficials

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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

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TRAPSGuidelines for Delta traps

Monitoring: 1 Delta trap per 2 to 5 hectareOr 1 trap per production block ( i.e. 0.25 ha) Mass trapping: 16 to 20 Delta traps per ha. Install 30-40cm above ground level

• Start trapping in the nursery• When you catch more than 3 moths per week shift to mass

trapping • Use in combination with sprays• Replace lure after 6 to 8 weeks

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Home made water trap one per 0.25 ha block

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Host plants: Crops and Weeds

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