mental health in pakistan and lifestyle change approach

8/16/2019 mental health in pakistan and lifestyle change approach

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Subject: Primary Health Care

Mid-term Assignment

Submitted By: Dr Abdul Wajid Khan

Q: Health !r"m"ti"n and li#estylechanges


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intervention designed to promote positive lifestyle and behaviour change and is widely used in

the field of health promotion.

#ased on this, a lifestyle management program, is defined as a structured, action-oriented health promotion initiative designed to help individuals improvetheir health, reduce health risks and promote healthy behaviors.

2ifestyle management programs can target a range of different health concerns and areas, such as physical activity, stress, smoking, and nutrition. They are used in a variety of different settings,

however most commonly in workplaces and community or public health initiatives.

Benets

The effectiveness and impact of lifestyle management programs, when used as part of a wider,

multi/component health promotion programme, have found that they can&

3 4educe health risks

3 4educe medical and healthcare costs

3 5mprove productivity

3 4educe absenteeism

3 4educe the incidence and severity of chronic health conditions

Lifestyle changes in favor of health promotion

• Healthy Weight

+6cess weight may lead to heart disease and diabetes. )reating and following plans for healthy

eating and physical activity may help you improve your health.

#ody mass inde6 0#%51 is one way to tell whether you are at a healthy weight, overweight, or

obese. 5t measures your weight in relation to your height.

! #%5 of $7.- to (.8 is in the healthy range. ! person with a #%5 of (- to (8.8 is considered

overweight, and someone with a #%5 of *9 or greater is considered obese.

• Healthy ating

Paying attention to what, when, how often, and how much you eat can be the first step to helping

you eat better.

+at more of these nutrient/rich foods

:utrientslike vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibernourish our bodies by giving them what

they need to be healthy. The guidelines advise adults to eat the following foods because they arerich in nutrients&


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3 fruits and vegetables

3 whole grains, like oatmeal, whole/wheat bread, and brown rice

3 seafood, lean meats, poultry, and eggs

3 fat/free or low/fat milk and cheese, or substitutes 0like soy or rice milk1 that are high invitamin < and calcium

3 beans, nuts, and seeds

+at less of processed foods, foods with added sugars and refined grains.

3 Physical Activity

%oderate intensity physical activity includes&

3 #risk walking

3 )ycling on relatively flat terrain

3 =ater aerobics3 Hiking

3 4ollerblading3 >sing a manual lawnmower

?igorous physical activity may include&

@ogging

wimming lengths

)ycling either rapidly or over steep terrain'ootball

Aymnastics

kipping

3 !anage stress

%any people feel stress in their daily lives. tress can cause you to overeat, feel tired, and not

want to do anything. Healthy eating and regular physical activity may help offset the effects ofstress.

Try some of these other ideas to help relieve stress and stay on track with improving your health&

3 Aet plenty of sleep.

3 Practice deep breathing while rela6ing your muscles one at a time.

3 Take a break and go for a walk.3 !dd short stretch breaks to your day.

3 Try a new hobby or any activity that sparks your interest.

3 urround yourself with people whose company you enBoy.3 ! balanced eating plan, regular physical activity, and stress relief may help you stay

healthy for life.

"thers


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Other changes in lifestyle that can have a positice impact on health include

3 !void !lcohol and ubstance !buse

3 top moking

3 %aintain #lood )holesterol 2evel

3 4egular !nnual %edical checkup

3 %aintain #lood Pressure and ugar 2evel

Q$: Mental health in Pa%istan

!ental health&

! state of well/being in which every individual realies his or her own potential, can cope with

the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a

contribution to her or his community

Introd#ction

%ental health is very important Bust like our physical health. 'or a healthy body a healthy mind

is very important. %ental health provides us resilience i.e. ability to cope up with the stress of daily life, it provides inner strength, emotional well/being and enables us to adapt to the changes

of daily life.


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comparison to *C nurses and $$C non/doctorFnon/nurse primary health care workers

Only physician/based primary health care clinics are present in the country. 5n terms of

physician/based primary health care clinics, some 0between ($ / -9C1 has assessment

and treatment protocols for key mental health conditions available. ($ / -9C of physician/based primary health care doctors make on average at least one referral per

month to a mental health professional. :one of the non/physician based primary health

care clinics make a referral to a higher level of care :urses and non/doctorFnon/nurse primary health care workers are not allowed to

prescribe psychotropic medications, in any circumstance. =hereas, primary health care

doctors are allowed to prescribe psychotropic medications without restrictions. !s for availability of psychotropic medicines, a few of the clinics 0$/(9C1 of physician/based

PH) clinics have at least one psychotropic medicine of each therapeutic category 0anti/

psychotic, antidepressant, mood stabilier, an6iolytic, and antiepileptic1 available in the

facility or at a nearby pharmacy all year long in comparison to a maBority of clinics 0-$/

79C1 in non/physician based primary health care

$oncl#sion

There is great need for specific mental health care policy at government level. !lso, a movement

of awareness about psychiatric and behavioral disturbance should be started at national level.There should be proper psychiatric support facilities available in primary care level which will

help to treat mental health problems at early stage. 5nternational :AOs and donor agencies

should come forward in order to help the Pakistani government to improve mental health careconditions. 'oreign investors should be encouraged to invest in Pakistan which will support the

weak economy of the country and will create new employment opportunities. :ew training

institutes for psychiatry and psychology fields should be opened to meet the high demand of

professional staff in psychiatry and psychology field. Psychiatric training should be given at bothundergraduate and postgraduate level in medical education curriculum. +lectronic media in

Pakistan can play a very active role for creating awareness about mental health care in the

Pakistani population

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mental health in pakistan and lifestyle change approach