Mental and Emotional Health

Healthful LivingWatauga High School

C.Davis

Part 2

Mental Disorders

1. Is it easy to indentify a person with mental disorders?

2. All mental disorders are cause by early experiences life.

3. What is a mental disorder?

• Mental Disorder : illness that affects the mind and reduces a person’s ability to function

• Recognizing Mental Disorders : Mental health experts see abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors as signs, or symptoms of a mental disorder

• The distress that people who have mental disorder experience affects their ability to function.

• National Association for Mental Health describes a person with good mental health:

• Feels comfortable about self• Feels right about other people• Able to meet the demands on life

Abraham Maslow, a psychologist presented human needs in the form of a pyramid.

“We all have basic needs, but some are more basic than others.”

What Causes Mental Disorders?

• Physical Factors : Damage could be caused by a growth or tumor in the brain; an injury or an infection. Also exposure to lead, prolonged use of alcohol, or other drugs.

• Heredity : If a parent has a mental disorder you have a chance of having it (depression).

• Early Experiences : Extremely negative experiences that occur early in life. A child who has been neglected.

• Recent Experiences : Something sad/bad that was just recent. The death of a loved one.

• Have you ever been extremely afraid in a situation even though you knew the actual threat did not justify such an intense response?

• Have you ever been fearful without knowing why?

• If you have – you have experienced anxiety.

• Anxiety : is fear caused by a source you cannot identify or a source that doesn’t pose as much as a threat as you think.

• Anxiety Disorder : When the anxiety persists for a long time and interferes with daily living. Real or imagined fears prevent a person from enjoying life.

• About 13% of children/teens age 9-17 will have an anxiety disorder

• Examples:

•Generalized anxiety•Phobia•Panic attacks

•Obsessive-compulsive•Post-traumatic stress

SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY

• Intense worry• Trouble sleeping• Concentrating –thoughts of death• Sweating• Nausea

Anxiety

It is also a normal part of life.It is normal to worry about a sick relative.It is normal to feel anxious about a job interview.

BUT

• Some people, however cannot function normally in their jobs, relationships and their daily lives – because they cannot cope with their anxiety.

• It may be necessary for them to change their thinking: from negative to positive ones. Like

• “I can do this”. • Have a support system, keep the routine, find

humor in a stressful situation and stay in perspective.

Situations That May Cause Anxiety

• List some possible situations/ events that may anxiety.

Healthy Methods Dealing with Anxiety

What are some of your ideas to handle anxiety?

Vocabulary • Generalized Anxiety Disorder : this disorder displays

intense worry, fears, or anxiety most days for at least six months.

• Signs – Irritability– Muscle tension– Trouble concentrating

• Phobia : anxiety that is related to a specific situation or object. A person goes to extreme measures to avoid a fear and reacts in a way that limits normal functioning

“Person with a phobia may not be able to carry out daily activities.”

• Aerophobia – fear of flying• Photophobia - fear of fear• Claustrophobia – fear of small, closed-in places

• Panic Attacks : suddenly for no apparent reason people have intense fear

• Symptoms: Fast heart rate, rapid breathing, sweating, dizziness, chest discomfort

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : person who has an unreasonable need to think or act in a certain way

• Obsessive : unwanted thought or image that takes control of the mind

• Compulsion : unreasonable need to behave in a certain way to prevent a feared outcome. Repeated behavior

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder : condition in which a person who has experienced a traumatic event feels severe and long lasting effects (military combat, rape survivors)

• Hypochondria : preoccupation with the body and fear of presumed diseases.

• Constantly feels aches or pains, worries about developing cancer, heart disease

• Schizophrenia : means “split mind” Sometimes they develop fears that are not supported by reality. They believe that someone or something controls their thoughts or wants to harm them.

• May talk to themselves• Act in an odd manner• Neglect care for themselves

• Impulsive-Control Disorder : people cannot resist the impulsive or drive to act in a way that is harmful to themselves or to others.

• To gamble• To shop

• ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity: Have trouble sitting still or paying attention moving around

Interrupts others

Has trouble working quietly

Talks excessively

• ADD Attention Deficit:• Makes careless mistakes

Does not pay attention to details

Is easily distracted

Has difficulty following instructions

Activity

• Group up with 3 people that sit beside you• You can use your notes if needed• On your worksheet read the descriptions of

symptoms and put the answer in the box type of mental disorder( objective 1.02)

• Personality Disorder : Remember that your personality determines how you tend to relate to other people. Most people can get along with others> BUT others are not so flexible. These people have a personality disorder.– Group A :

• cold/distant• Stresses easily• Withdraw from reality• Absorbed in their own thoughts• paranoid

– Group B : • overly emotional or unstable• selfish/demanding • antisocial personality

– Group C : • cannot make a decision • strong need for approval of others

• Self-actualization : striving to become the best you can be

Depression

?

• Depression : an emotional state in which a person feels extremely sad and hopeless.

Symptoms• Constant sadness

• Irritability

• Trouble sleeping

• Weight loss/gain

•Lack of motivation

• Fatigue

• Low energy

• Hopelessness

• Crying

•Loss of interest in favorite activities

Causes of Depression

• Family History : genetics• Trauma and Stress

• Financial problems• Breakup of relationship• Death of a loved one• Changes in life: job, getting married

• Pessimistic Personality• Low self-esteem• Negative outlook

• Physical Condition : • Cancer, heart disease• HIV• Depression can make medical conditions worse – since

it weakens the immune system

• In some cases depression can be caused by medications used to treat medical conditions

• Other Psychological Disorders• Anxiety• Schizophrenia• Eating Disorders• Post -traumatic

Who Gets DepressionDepression can affect anyone, its effect may vary depending on

your age and gender.• Women

• Are almost twice as men• Hormonal change• Pregnancy

• Men• Depression is lower – because of going undiagnosed – less likely to

seek help• Suicide is an especially serious risk for men with depression• Four times more likely than women to kill themselves

• Elderly• Become physically ill – unable to be as active as they were• Lose loved ones• Sometimes loved ones may attribute signs of depression to the

normal result of aging

Group Work - Depression

• What helps?

• What hinders?

• In your group working on large paper – brain storm ideas working on your topic

Help for Depression?

• Medication• When someone is depressed the brain does no

use these chemicals properly.•Medication helps to restore normal brain function. •Mental health experts can also help people who are depressed to learn how to cope with their problems.

Types of Mental Health Professionals

• Psychiatrist : a physician who can diagnose and treat mental disorders

• Neurologist : a physician who treats physical disorders of the nervous system

• Neurosurgeon : does brain surgery• Counselors : focuses on specific problems

Side Bar Buddy - Activity

1. Write down on paper how to overcome barriers to seek help for mental disorders. 2. At WHS where can someone get help? Name 2 teachers, and were else can you go here for help? 3. What types of treatments have been found successful for treating teen depression?• 4. Are there certain symptoms of depression that are

found more often in teenagers than adults? Next side may help

Websites that can help

http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/feeling_sad/suicide.html

http:www.focusas.com/Depression.htmlhttp://emotional.health.ivillage.com//http:wwwfocusas.com/Suicide.htmlwww.nami.org ( National Alliance on Mental Health)

What is Suicide

• Suicide : intentional killing of oneself• More than 31,000 people kill themselves each

year• Is the 3rd leading cause of death for North

Carolinians ages 10-24.• Homicide : is the intentional killing of one

person by another

Protective Factors – to Prevent Suicide

• Strong connection to family/friends• Skills in problem solving• Cultural and religious beliefs that discourage

suicide• Access to clinical interventions

RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE

• Mental disorders – mood, schizophrenia, anxiety can personality disorders

• Alcohol and other substances• Hopelessness• History of trauma• Some major illness• Family history

Environmental Risk Factors

• Job loss• Financial loss• Easy access to lethal means

Social Cultural Risk Factors

• Sense of isolation –lack of social • Exposure to the media, influences of others

who have died by suicide• Barriers to accessing health care- mental

health

If there are Warning Signs

• Threatening or talking about wanting to hurt or kill themselves.• Talking or writing about death, dying or suicide• Feeling: anxious, or hopeless, rage, uncontrolled anger• Or seeking revenge• Withdrawing from family and friends• Using/Increased alcohol or drug use

When A Friend is Thinking about Suicide

• Take the threats seriously • Listen• Be calm/talk calm• Involve an adult

KYLE’S STORY- listen as I read to you

Person with Thoughts of Suicide

• TELL- someone tells you this

ASK- ask them – Are you thinking about suicide?

LISTEN – Let’s talk about this. I am listening… This is important.

KEEPSAFE – We need extra help. I want to help connect you with someone who can help keep you safe.

Eating DisordersEating disorders affect only females.

Myth or Fact

?

Fact:Eating disorders affect females more

than males, but males do develop eating disorders. Because of this myth males are even less likely than females to seek help for an eating disorder.

Vocabulary

• Eating Disorder : mental disorder that reveals itself through abnormal behaviors related to food.

Eating Disorders are about : emotions, thoughts, and attitudes

• Anorexia Nervosa : a person doesn’t eat enough food to maintain a healthy body weight.

• Self- starvation and excessive weight loss• Symptoms :

• Weight fluctuations/Extreme weight loss • Dry skin• Slowed heart and breathing rates• Females – loss of menstrual periods• Becoming withdrawn, feeling of guilt shame, suicidal

thoughts

• Causes : • Lack of chemical regulates mood• Low self-esteem• Strong desire to please others• Troubled relationship

Anorexia

Health Risk Short term: Dehydration Irregular heartbeats Lack of minerals can cause heart to stop. Amenorrhea and irregular menstruation

Health Risk Long term: Liver and Kidney problems. Osteoporosis Sterility Cardiac arrest and or death

• Bulimia : uncontrolled eating binges, followed by purging – vomiting or laxatives

• Try to rid the body of unwanted calories• Symptoms :

• Maintain weight within their normal range• Weight fluctuations• Obsession with food and calories

• Causes : • Low self-esteem• Use food to feel better emotionally• Purge- because of the weight gain

• Health Risk Short term: Dehydration• Irregular heart beats• Amenorrhea and • irregular menstruation• Health Risk Long term: Sterility• Teeth/gum problems• Liver and kidney • problems• Cardiac arrest and or • death** Possible reoccurrence or any of these

Anorexia & Bulimia

• Dangerous Methods: Laxatives• Diuretics• Diet pills• Ipecac syrup – vomiting• Treatments: Psychological counseling• Nutritional counseling• Outpatient therapy• Psychiatric meds• Hospital based care

• Binge Eating Disorder : uncontrollable urge to eat large amounts of food. There may be sporadic fasts and diets

• Symptoms : • Intend to eat small amounts, and end up eating more

• Causes : • Avoid dealing with situations

• Health Risk : • Excess weight gain• Unhealthy dieting• High blood pressure/Cardiac arrest and or death• Liver and kidney problems, Diabetes

• Treatments : • Learn to eat more slowly• Is there an emotional problem• Seek medical help See above Anorexia and Bulimia

Activity

Puzzles – Stories

• Break yourselves into 8 groups, both girls and boys

• Each group takes an envelope• Now take the puzzle together in the correct

order• Read it in the group• Then share with the class about the story

Where can people get help?

• Look up resources for seeking help for people with eating disorders.

A.C. T. Technique

• A. - Acknowledge that your friend has a problem and the symptoms are serious.

• C. -Care let them know that you care about them and that you want to help them.

• T. -Tell a trusted adult about your concerns. Just telling the right person can make all the difference.

Practice the A.C.T. Technique

The Phone Booth Rubric: Your group will role Play * Think about the warning signs of depression *How to respond if you suspect a friend is thinking about taking their life. *Discuss your role play, decide what to say and how to respond appropriately. ( Write it) *Practice * Then show the class.

** Remember it is a grade

Storybird• www.storybird.com• In your groups, create a story that follows the mental health disorders

rubric.• Activate your storybird account.• Remember to save as you work!• Publish your storybird when you are finished!

• NOTE:• In your account you may “add class”• -when you have done this, you may “add students”• -adding students will automatically create their accounts.• -provide the students with their account numbers.• -When they publish their Storybird, then you can access it on your account.

TEST TIME