MENFRI Available Spatial Information Available Spatial Information.pdf · The Available Spatial Information related to Mediterranean Forestry is a set of tools which includes a bibliography,

MENFRI Available Spatial Information

www.menfri.eu 1

MENFRI Available Spatial Information related to

Mediterranean Forestry

Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 2

Purpose ........................................................................................................................ 3

Components of the Compilation .................................................................................... 4

Spanish spatial resources ............................................................................................. 5

Moroccan spatial resources ........................................................................................ 51

Analysis of Mediterranean forestry available spatial information ................................. 65

Selected bibliography.................................................................................................. 70

www.menfri.eu 2

Abstract

The Available Spatial Information related to Mediterranean Forestry is a set of

tools which includes a bibliography, internet resources and open access

programs designed to be used by scientists, stakeholders and forestry industries

together for the purposes of research development and business innovation. It is

a public resource offered by the MENFRI project and the information is thus

presented in a comprehensive, interesting and useful way.

Please cite as: Vayreda J., Nafaa R., Nasr Z., Doblas-Miranda E. (Eds.) 2016.

Available Spatial Information related to Mediterranean Forestry. MENFRI.

www.menfri.eu 3

Purpose

The principal objective of the present toolkit is to search for, compile and offer all

possible knowledge about the availability and utility of forest goods (wood, non-

timber products and tourism related benefits) and services (biodiversity,

regulation of water resources and control of carbon flow and reserves) spatial

information and resources (remote sensing, national forest inventories, forest

statistics…), tools and methods (forest simulators, biomass equations,

conversion factors…) within the Mediterranean (especially in Spain, Tunisia and

Morocco).

The main knowledge areas considered were land use and land use change,

forest protection, fire risk, fire prevention and firefighting, forest productivity, forest

health, decline and mortality, loss of biodiversity, desertification, and land

degradation.

The compilation was conceived with the goal of providing this information to the

forestry sector, evaluating the available resources, showing potential bottlenecks

in providing ecological and economic benefits related to cooperation and

knowledge transfer.

www.menfri.eu 4

Components of the Compilation

The first assessment was a compilation of the information about national forest

inventories and vegetation maps, principally, but also about other related and

useful information including national maps on land use change, topography, soils

and erosion, climate, etc. Also, information and maps scaled to a more local level

yet considered as useful or representative were included. The compilation comes

from the following European and Maghreb Mediterranean countries: Spain,

Morocco and Tunisia. After that, such information was analysed in order to extract

the principal unsatisfied needs of the sector and areas needing spatial information

and resources. The study was carried out with consideration of the fact that two

very important points are the availability of the information and the evaluation the

importance of such information for forestry studies in the Mediterranean. Also,

any information about local needs, problems and potential solutions in relation to

the geographical information of each country was included. The present Available

Spatial Information toolkit includes both the compilation of information and, at the

end of the document, the generated conclusion of the analysis.

In the end, our aim is to offer useful facts, outline the needs and problems and,

most of all, suggest potential solutions to support and improve the availability of

Geographic Information Systems for the forestry sector in the Mediterranean

Region.

www.menfri.eu 5

Spanish spatial resources

Name of the layer: Cartografía y Bases de Datos Geográficas – Cartography and Geographic databases

Short description: National cartography basis (1:500.000, 1:200.00, 1:100.000 and 1:25.000) Topographic cartography:

State official cartography

History of the National Topographic Map

National Topographic Map 1:25.000 (MTN25)

National Topographic Map 1:50.000 (MTN50)

Map of provinces 1:200.000 (MP200)

Map of autonomous regions

Spain map 1:500.000 (ME500)

Spain map at scales 1:1.250.000 and 1:2.000.000

Maps on relief Geographic databases:

National Topographic basis 1:25.000 (BTN25)

National Topographic basis 1:100.000 (BTN100)

National Cartographic basis 1:200.000 (BCN200)

National Cartographic basis 1:500.000 (BCN500)

Organization in charge: Instituto Geográfico Nacional (National Geographic Institute)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/actividadesBDG.do

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 1968, 1982, 1999, 2010

Date of the last version: 2010

Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): Available from 1:2.000.000 to 1:25.000

Associated error to spatial resolution: The usual associated to the scale of the cartography

Category of the layer subject: orthophoto, satellite, base cartography, environmental, climate, topography

Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units):

Territorial delimitations: contains the representation of the administrative limits and milestones.

Places or areas of special protection: includes the delimitation of protected areas.

Alimetric data: contains contour lines each 20 m, point numbers, discontinuities, etc.

http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/actividadesBDG.do

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Water elements: includes water net, surficial water bodies (rivers, lakes, ponds, transitional or coastal waters, subterranean water bodies, artificial elements associated to the water cycle, etc.

Land use: representation of the land use and cover.

Population entities: contains delimitations of the population settlements geographic areas.

Buildings and constructions: includes building and its groups.

Transport nets and infrastructure: contains motorways, freeways, conventional roads, railways, kilometric points, trails, paths, itineraries, ports, landing areas, etc.

Infrastructures and services: includes generation, transport and distribution energetic infrastructures, as well as communication elements (cell towers), etc.

Toponymy: includes official toponymy of geographic names, coastal toponymy, locations, etc.

Reference Geodesic System that includes the geodesic and levelling national nets.

Reliability (associated error to thematic resolution): Not available

Available series (number of versions): 4

Geographical scope (if not national), coordinates:

It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): Available in raster and vector format in: http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscador.do

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Unnecessary

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscador.do

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Name of the layer: Catastro de España (DGC-MEH) – Spain land registry

Short description: Map of the Land registry General Directory containing the urban and rural cartography of all Spanish territory with the cadastral reference of the plot. Cadastral reference is a link to the open access page of the Land registry Virtual Office where the goods of a cadastral reference are showed at the same time that other links to obtain the sketch printout.

Organization in charge: Dirección General del Cadastro, Ministerio de Hacienda y Administraciones Públicas (Land registry General Directory, Revenue and Public Administration Ministry)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.catastro.meh.es/

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:

Date of the last version: Updated daily

Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1:2000, 1:5000

Associated error to spatial resolution: 1-10 m


Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Polygon lines; polygon code, surface. Plot lines; plot codes, surface. Subplot lines; subplot codes, surface, crop type. Water (lines); code, literal name. Communication paths (lines); code, name. Administrative limits (lines).

Reliability (associated error to thematic resolution):

Available series (number of versions):


It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.natmaps.com/index.php

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): All ok

http://www.catastro.meh.es/

http://www.natmaps.com/index.php

www.menfri.eu 8

Name of the layer: Modelo Digital del Terreno – Land Digital Model (altitude, aspect, slope)

Short description:

MDT5, Land digital model with a grid spacing of 5 m and official distribution of pages 1:25.000.

MDT25, Land digital model with a grid spacing of 25 m and official distribution of pages 1:25.000.

MDT200, Land digital model with a grid spacing of 200 m. Distribution by provinces (bounding box for each province).


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/modeloDigitalTerreno.do

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: Unknown


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 5 m

Associated error to spatial resolution: < 1m






It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=MDT05 http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=02107 http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=02109


http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/modeloDigitalTerreno.do

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=MDT05

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=MDT05

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=02107




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Name of the layer: LIDAR, minimum density of 0.5 pts/m2

Short description: Surfaces digital model obtained by LIDAR sensors, in a page distribution of 2x2 km. Elevations are ellipsoid and data are not classified


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://pnoa.ign.es/coberturalidar

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 25 cm

Associated error to spatial resolution: < 10 cm in X, Y, Z






It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=LIDAR

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Every 10 years, better spatial resolution

http://pnoa.ign.es/coberturalidar

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=LIDAR

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=LIDAR

www.menfri.eu 10

Name of the layer: Mapa Geológico Nacional (MAGNA) – National Geologic Map

Short description: Developed between 1972 and 2003 by the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute, it is distributed in 1:50.000 and 1:25.000 (island territories) pages. In the Geological Map materials and surficial rocks, their spatial distribution, nature and geometrical relations are described. Through symbology applied information is added as water points, deposits and mineral traces, fossils and other punctual elements. Printout pages include crosses, columns and several schemes. For each MAGNA sheet there is an explanatory report published, edited and in digital format.

Organization in charge: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spanish Geologic and Mining Institute, Economy and Competitiveness Ministry)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://info.igme.es/cartografia/

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 1972- …

Date of the last version: Not finished yet

Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1:50.000

Associated error to spatial resolution:






It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://cuarzo.igme.es/sigeco/Default.aspx (under request)


http://info.igme.es/cartografia/

http://cuarzo.igme.es/sigeco/Default.aspx

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Name of the layer: Ortofotografia aérea – Aerial orthophotography

Short description: PNOA, National Plan of Aerial Orthophotography.

Digital Frames of the PNOA flights (from 2004), with pixel size 0.22 m or 0.45 m, of 8 bits. Folders with four bands RGB and NIR (red, green, blue and near infrared), or a RGB folder and the corresponding NIR.

Digital Orthophotos of the PNOA flights (from 2004), with pixel size 0.25 m or 0.50 m, in TIFF format with the corresponding TFW folder of georreferencing.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.ign.es/ign/layout/faimsatinicio.do

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: Annual

Date of the last version: From the aerial orthophotos of the PNOA project, mosaics by sheets at 1/50.000 have been generated, of maximum resolution and at present.

Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 25-50 cm





Available series (number of versions): 2004-2011


It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/index.jsp


http://www.ign.es/ign/layout/faimsatinicio.do

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/index.jsp

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Name of the layer: Fotogramas históricos: (vuelos fotogramétricos) – Historic frames: (photogrammetric flights)

Short description: Frames carried out by the IGN and other organisms of the State General Administration, before 2004. Some of these flights, of national coverage, are currently scanned.

1929-1930 Ruiz de Alda (Cuenca del Segura)

1945-1946 American flight A series

1956-1957 American flight B series

1973-1986 Inter-ministerial

1980-1986 National

1989-1991 Coasts

Organization in charge: Instituto Geogràfico Nacional (National Geographic Institute)


Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: From 1929 to 1991

Date of the last version:

Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale):





Available series (number of versions): 6 (some of them geographically incomplete)


It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=PNOAH



http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=PNOAH


www.menfri.eu 13

Name of the layer: Ortofotos históricas – Hystoric orthophotos

Short description: Orthophotos carried out by the IGN or other organisms with resolutions of 0.25, 0.50 or 1 m of pixel size before 2004.



Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 1929-1991







Available series (number of versions): 6 (some of them geographically incomplete)


It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=PNOAH





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Name of the layer: LANDSAT 5 and LANDAT 7

Short description: Teledetection National Plan (PNT), from 2005 images from several satellites are gathered and processed with different pixel sizes:

LANDSAT 5: Temporal frequency, each 16 days. TM sensor. Image size 185×185 Km. Multi-spectral images (7 bands) with 30 m pixel size.

LANDSAT 7: Temporal frequency, each 16 days. ETM+ sensor. Image size 185×185 Km. Multi-spectral images (7 bands) and panchromatic (1 band) with 30 m and 15 m pixel size respectively

Organization in charge: Instituto Geográfico Nacional & Centro Nacional de Información Geográfica (National Geographic Institute & National Centre of Geographical Information)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/faimgsatsatelite.do http://pnt.ign.es/

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 16 days

Date of the last version: At present

Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 20-30 m







It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): No


http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/faimgsatsatelite.do

http://pnt.ign.es/

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Name of the layer: SPOT 4 & SPOT 5

Short description:

SPOT 5: Temporal frequency, each 26 days. HGR sensor. Image size 60×60 Km. Multi-spectral images (4 bands) and panchromatic (1 band)

SPOT 4: Temporal frequency, each 26 days. HGR sensor. Image size 60×60 Km. Multi-spectral images (4 bands) and mono-spectral (1 band)

Organization in charge: Instituto Geográfico Nacional & Centro Nacional de Información Geográfica (National Geographic Institute & National Centre of Geographical Information)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/faimgsatsatelite.do http://pnt.ign.es/

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 26 days

Date of the last version: At present

Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): SPOT 5: Panchromatic: 2.5 m; Multi-spectral: 10 m SPOT 4: multi-spectral (4 bands), with 20 m; Mono-spectral (1 band) 10 m

Associated error to spatial resolution: 1.5 pixels








http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/faimgsatsatelite.do

http://pnt.ign.es/

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Name of the layer: Atlas climático digital de la Península Ibérica – Digital climatic atlas of the Iberian Peninsula

Short description: Digital climatic atlas of the Iberian Peninsula (mean, minimum and maximum temperature, monthly precipitation and solar radiation) monthly and annual data.

Organization in charge: Animal and vegetal biology and Ecology Department (Botanical Unit) and Geography Department of the Autonomous University of Barcelona.

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://opengis.uab.es/wms/iberia/espanol/es_model.htm

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 200 m

Associated error to spatial resolution: Unknown



Meteorological stations of temperature

Meteorological stations of precipitation

Annual and monthly Minimum temperature (ºC)

Annual and monthly Maximum temperature (ºC)

Annual and monthly Mean temperature (ºc)

Annual and monthly Precipitation (mm)

Annual and monthly solar radiation (10 kJ/(m2*day*micrometer))


Available series (number of versions):1

Geographical scope (if not national), coordinates: Spain + Portugal

It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.opengis.uab.es/wms/iberia/mms/index.htm

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): No

http://opengis.uab.es/wms/iberia/espanol/es_model.htm

http://www.opengis.uab.es/wms/iberia/mms/index.htm

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Name of the layer: Estaciones Meteorológicas de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) – Meteorological Stations of the State Meteorological Agency

Short description: AEMET possesses a series of observatories distributed in order to measure different climatologic variables needed for all kind of studies or applications related to climate. The layers of climatologic stations show the location and distribution of the operational observatories of the AEMET for the monitoring and data gathering of climatologic variables. Depending on the measured variables, these station or observatories types are:

Automatic Stations

Complete Stations

Rain Gauge Stations

Thermometric Stations

Organization in charge: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (State Meteorological Agency)

Official web with additional information (if possible): https://sede.aemet.gob.es/AEMET/es/GestionPeticiones/consultaEstaciones

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: Daily





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Meteorological information of the climatological stations




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://sig.magrama.es/geoportal/ https://sede.aemet.gob.es/AEMET/es/GestionPeticiones/consultaEstaciones

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Automatic download of information without previous request.

https://sede.aemet.gob.es/AEMET/es/GestionPeticiones/consultaEstaciones

http://sig.magrama.es/geoportal/

https://sede.aemet.gob.es/AEMET/es/GestionPeticiones/consultaEstaciones

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Name of the layer: Mapas Climáticos de Caracterización Agroclimática – Climatic Maps of Agro-climate Characterization

Short description: Information developed from the thermometric (1803 stations) and rain gauge (4189 stations) data series between 1960 and 1996 thanks to the National Meteorological Institute. This information was processed for all stations and then the different parameters have been modelled by means of geostatistical methods of interpolation (KRIGING).

Meteorological stations

Rain gauge: mean annual rain gauge model (mm)

ETP: Annual mean potential evapotranspiration as Thornthwaite (mm)

R Factor: Factor R Model (rain erosion index) of the soil loss universal equation of Wischmeier and Smith (USLE)

Warm period: warm period mean duration model (number of months where mean temperature is higher than 30°C)

Minimum temperatures of the coldest month (ºC)

Maximum temperatures of the warmer month (ºC)

Mean annual temperature (ºC)

Cold period: cold or frosts period mean duration model (number of months where mean temperature of minimums is lower than 7°C)

Dry period: dry or arid period mean duration model (number of months without water – difference between potential and real evapotranspiration -)

Climatic classification of J. Papadakis: summer type, winter type, thermal regime, moisture regime and climatic classification models

Organization in charge: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (Agriculture, Food and Environment Ministry)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/ide/metadatos/index.html?srv=metadata.show&uuid=8fc06182-21a7-4f6d-ac13-20d5703ce4db

Language: Spanish






Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Continuous variables reclassified into categories



http://www.magrama.gob.es/ide/metadatos/index.html?srv=metadata.show&uuid=8fc06182-21a7-4f6d-ac13-20d5703ce4db

http://www.magrama.gob.es/ide/metadatos/index.html?srv=metadata.show&uuid=8fc06182-21a7-4f6d-ac13-20d5703ce4db

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It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://sig.magrama.es/geoportal/

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Higher spatial resolution & no reclassification of each continuous variable


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Name of the layer: Inventario Español de Hábitats Terrestres – Spanish Inventory of Terrestrial Habitats

Short description: Atlas and Manual of Spanish Habitats. Atlas that is part of the series collectively Habitat and Taxa National Inventory, which represents the distribution area of sin-taxonomic units (associations and alliances) corresponding to Spanish habitat types of the Annex I of the Directive 92/43/CEE.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/cartografia_informacion_disp.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Habitat types included in the Annex I of the Directive 92/43/CEE. Disaggregation of the 124 Spanish habitat types of Annex I in more than 1600 sin-taxonomic associations and alliances. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/ide/directorio_datos_servicios/biodiversidad/wms_bdn_habitat_indice.aspx




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/index_atlas_manual_habitats.aspx

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale):

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/cartografia_informacion_disp.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/ide/directorio_datos_servicios/biodiversidad/wms_bdn_habitat_indice.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/ide/directorio_datos_servicios/biodiversidad/wms_bdn_habitat_indice.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/index_atlas_manual_habitats.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/index_atlas_manual_habitats.aspx

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Name of the layer: Mapa Forestal de España (MFE) – Spanish Forests Map

Short description: Basic forest cartography that includes the distribution of the Spanish forest ecosystems. The MFE is the principal part of the Spanish Inventory of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. It provides detailed and homogeneous vector information for all the Spanish territory about the structural type or principal use of each tessera, degree of cover and about the principal tree species. It is the cartographic basis of the National Forest Inventory (IFN).

MFE-25: Spanish Forests Map (1:25.000)







Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 10 years


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1:1.000.000, 1:200.000, 1:50.000, 1:25.000

Associated error to spatial resolution: Depending on the cartography scale


Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Structural type or principal use of each tessera, degree of cover and principal tree species. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/ide/directorio_datos_servicios/biodiversidad/wms_bdn_mfe_indice.aspx




Is it open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): MFE-25: Not available MFE-50: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe50_descargas_ccaa.aspx MFE-200: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe200_descargas.aspx



http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/ide/directorio_datos_servicios/biodiversidad/wms_bdn_mfe_indice.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/ide/directorio_datos_servicios/biodiversidad/wms_bdn_mfe_indice.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe50_descargas_ccaa.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe50_descargas_ccaa.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe200_descargas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe200_descargas.aspx

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MFE-400: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe400_informacion_disp.aspx MFE-1000: Not available

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Higher spatial resolution

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe400_informacion_disp.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe400_informacion_disp.aspx

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Name of the layer: Mapa de Cultivos y Aprovechamientos de España (MCA) – Spanish Crops and Uses Map

Short description: From 2000 to 2010, it is the national level cartography of the land uses and exploitations. This map is the current version of the previous Crops and Uses Map (MCA) from 1980 to 1990. In this cartography, land crops and uses of all national territory are described by means of codes, which are grouped in uses and overloads.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/publicaciones/agricultura/mac_2000_2009.aspx

Language: Spanish




Associated error to spatial resolution: The corresponding error associated to the scale


Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Land crops and uses of all national territory are described and differentiated by means of codes, which are grouped in uses and overloads.




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://sig.magrama.es/siga/

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): All OK

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/publicaciones/agricultura/mac_2000_2009.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/publicaciones/agricultura/mac_2000_2009.aspx

http://sig.magrama.es/siga/

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Name of the layer: Inventario Español de Zonas Húmedas (IEZH) – Spanish Inventory of Wetlands

Short description: This is an instrument for the conservation of wetlands, which includes information about the number, area and conservation condition of these wetlands under national territory, as is stated by the Real Decreto 435/2004, which regulates the Inventory, and developed by 9.3 article of the 42/2007 low of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/inventario_esp_zonas_humedas.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: As required





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Information about the number, area and conservation condition of the Spanish wetlands




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/inventario_esp_zonas_humedas_descargas.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/inventario_esp_zonas_humedas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/inventario_esp_zonas_humedas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/inventario_esp_zonas_humedas_descargas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/inventario_esp_zonas_humedas_descargas.aspx

www.menfri.eu 25

Name of the layer: Regiones Biogeográficas – Biogeographical Regions

Short description: Discernible geographic units from an ecologic point of view, essentially from the natural vegetation that shares specific ecological characteristics. The EU territory is divided in nine biogeographical regions: Alpine, Atlantic, Boreal, Continental, Steppic, Macaronesia, Black Sea, Mediterranean and Pannonian.



Language: Spanish






Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): This layer presents the terrestrial biogeographical regions of the Habitat Directive present in Spain: - Atlantic - Alpine - Mediterranean - Macaronesia




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/Regiones_Biogeograficas_descargas.aspx




http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/Regiones_Biogeograficas_descargas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/Regiones_Biogeograficas_descargas.aspx

www.menfri.eu 26

Name of the layer: Vegetación Potencial – Potential Vegetation: classifications of Rivas Martínez and Allúe Andrade

Short description: Fitoclimatic classification for Spain from the Meteorological National Institute (INM) data, the Potential Vegetation Series (Rivas Martínez, S., 1987) and fieldwork. This cartography is characterized by 19 subtypes of plant life, each one associated to specific climatic characteristics and gathered in four general fitoclimatic types: Arid, Mediterranean, Nemoral and Oroborealioid. Available information corresponds to the digitalization of the mentioned maps.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_subregiones_fitoclim.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:



Associated error to spatial resolution: The corresponding error is associated to the scale


Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Potential vegetation in 19 subtypes of plant life associated to specific climatic characteristics and gathered in four general fitoclimatic types: Arid, Mediterranean, Nemoral and Oroborealioid




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_subregiones_fitoclim_descargas.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_subregiones_fitoclim.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_subregiones_fitoclim.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_subregiones_fitoclim_descargas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_subregiones_fitoclim_descargas.aspx

www.menfri.eu 27

Name of the layer: Riqueza de Especies por cuadrícula 10x10 km – Species richness in a 10x10 grid

Short description: The objective of the Spanish Inventory of Terrestrial Species is to fulfil the needs and requirements of the Real Decreto 556/2011, of April 20, to the development of the Spanish Inventory of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. The Spanish Inventory of Terrestrial Species contains the distribution, abundance and conservation state of the Spanish terrestrial flora and fauna.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario-nacional-de-biodiversidad/bdn-ieet-default.aspx

Language: Spanish



Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 10 km



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Species (fauna or flora) presence in each grid of 10x10 km




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario-nacional-de-biodiversidad/bdn-ieet-default.aspx

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Higher spatial resolution: 1x1 km

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario-nacional-de-biodiversidad/bdn-ieet-default.aspx






www.menfri.eu 28

Name of the layer: Cartografía. Bases ecológicas preliminares para la conservación de las especies de interés comunitario en España: Invertebrados – Cartography. Preliminary ecological basis for the conservation of communal interest species in Spain: Invertebrates

Short description: Cartography associated to the project “Ecological basis for the conservation of Communal Interest Species in Spain”, with a first phase where more than 40 invertebrate species included in the Annexes II, IV and V of the Directive 92/43/CEE are addressed. The principal objective of the project is to define and categorize the Reference Favourable Conservation State (ECFR) of each species in the Spanish territory, to establish objective protocols of evaluation of the conservation state and to describe a general system of monitoring depending on the biological and ecological particularities of each species or taxonomic group.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/bases_ecologicas_invertebrados.aspx

Language: Spanish



Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 10 km



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Invertebrate species presence in each grid of 10x10 km




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/bases_ecologicas_invertebrados.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/bases_ecologicas_invertebrados.aspx




www.menfri.eu 29

Name of the layer: Inventario Forestal Nacional – National Forest Inventory (IFN1, IFN2, IFN3)

Short description: The National Forest Inventory is a ten-year plan project which reviews the situation of forest areas at a national level from two basic sources of information:

The field sampling plots (more than 90,000 in all Spain), localized in the intersections of the UTM kilometric grid that correspond to a forest land-use. These are fixed plots, which are localized through a metallic fence inside the plot, which permit the periodic measure of each tree and therefore the comparison of its physical and state dimensions.

Forest strata from the Spanish Forest Map on the basis of common dasonomic characteristics of tesseras that contains a determined and enough number of sampling plots.


Official web with additional information (if possible): IFN1: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/primer_inventario_nacional_forestal.aspx IFN2: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ifn2.aspx IFN3: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ifn3.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 10-15 year

Date of the last version: 1997-2008

Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1x1 km

Associated error to spatial resolution: 100 m


Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Dasometric and dendrometric information, as well as other ecological variables for species and totals

Reliability (associated error to thematic resolution): Error lower than 10% for volume over bark



It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): IFN1: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/cuadernos_provinciales_IFN1.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/primer_inventario_nacional_forestal.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/primer_inventario_nacional_forestal.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ifn2.aspx




http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/cuadernos_provinciales_IFN1.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/cuadernos_provinciales_IFN1.aspx

www.menfri.eu 30

IFN2: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ifn2_descargas.aspx IFN3: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ifn3.aspx

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Increase of the number of sampling plots to new forests and shrublands.

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ifn2_descargas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ifn2_descargas.aspx



www.menfri.eu 31

Name of the layer: Inventario Nacional del Estado de Salud de los Bosques – National Inventory of the Health State of Forests

Short description: In response to the concerns that forest degradation was related to atmospheric pollution, the International Cooperation Program for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution effect on Forests (www.icp-forests.org) was established in 1985. During its more than 20 years of history, the forest monitoring networks have adapted their objectives to the European political needs. In the beginning, the three objectives were: 1. Level 1 Network: Systematic network of points (apex of a 16x16 Km grid over

Europe surface) for the great scale study of forests health state dynamics in time and space and the relation of these dynamics with stress factors, including atmospheric pollution.

2. To contribute to a better knowledge of the atmospheric pollutants impact on forest ecosystems, as well as the cause/effect relations.

3. To provide an integrated view of the interactions among ecosystem components under stress conditions due to atmospheric pollution and others.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/inventario-cartografia/inventario-danos-forestales/default.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: Annually


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 16 x 16 km



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Forest health: defoliation, mortality and vitality of forest species, soils and biodiversity


Available series (number of versions): Annually, from 1986 - …

Geographical scope (if not national), coordinates: European Union



http://www.icp-forests.org/

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/inventario-cartografia/inventario-danos-forestales/default.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/inventario-cartografia/inventario-danos-forestales/default.aspx

www.menfri.eu 32

Name of the layer: Inventario Nacional de Erosión del Suelos – National Inventory of Soil Erosion

Short description: Its objective is to detect, quantify and reflect by cartography the principal processes of erosion (laminar and in trails; in gullies; mass movements; in streams and by wind) in the national territory and to determine its evolution in time through continuous inventory. It improves and updates previous Erosive State Maps. The first cycle began in 2001 and was predicted to end in 2012. Objectives:

Detect, quantify and reflect by cartography the principal processes of erosion in the national territory.

Determine erosion processes evolution in time through continuous inventory.

Provide information in order to delimit as accurate as possible the priority areas for acting in the fight against erosion, as well as to define and value the appropriate actions.

Serve as a tool for coordination of politics related to soil conservation in the different autonomous communities, the state and the European Union.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/inventario-cartografia/inventario-nacional-erosion-suelos/default.aspx

Language: Spanish


Date of the last version: Not finished


Associated error to spatial resolution: The corresponding error associated to scale.


Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Comparison of results between previous maps of Erosive States; Qualification of erosion for a better interpretation of the results on losses as a function of the soil tolerance to erosion, evaluated from soil fragility or vulnerability; Potential erosion with the estimation of soil losses due to erosion; Identification of skeletal soils and/or degraded by erosion.




http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/inventario-cartografia/inventario-nacional-erosion-suelos/default.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/inventario-cartografia/inventario-nacional-erosion-suelos/default.aspx

www.menfri.eu 33



www.menfri.eu 34

Name of the layer: Mapas de Estados Erosivos – Erosive States Maps

Short description: The Erosive States Map shows the current dynamics of the soil loss processes by laminar water erosion independently of previous erosive processes until the current soil state. The result is a synthesis of erosion qualification in different catchments. The data base is composed by seven classes depending on soil losses in T/ha/year, defined in erosion level establishment and the obtained values in the sampling plots for the factors of crop, slope, erodibility and rain aggressiveness.

Organization in charge: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Área de Hidrología y Zonas Desfavorecidas de la Dirección General de Desarrollo Rural y Política Forestal (Agriculture, Food and Environment Ministry, Water and Damaged Zones Area of the Rural Development and Forest Policy General Directory)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapas_estados_erosivos.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Erosion indicator for catchments in seven classes depending on soil losses in T/ha/year.




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): No (13.00 €)


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapas_estados_erosivos.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapas_estados_erosivos.aspx

www.menfri.eu 35

Name of the layer: Productividad Potencial Forestal – Forest Potential Productivity

Short description: The concept of Forest Potential Productivity represents the maximum productivity, in m3 of wood, of a forestry station with the restriction imposed by soil and climate. The methodology used to quantify the potential productivity was based on the use of the Paterson Climatic Index (1956), modified as a function of the lithologic substrates, considering these as generators of soils with different characteristics and conditions that permit to reach high production from the forest mass or, in opposition, limit these productions. The step-by-step procedure, therefore, is the elaboration of climatic productivity cartography and the definition and cartography of the isoproductive lithologic classes.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/productividad_potencial.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Potential Wood productivity (m3/ha/yr)




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): No (36.00 €)


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/productividad_potencial.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/productividad_potencial.aspx

www.menfri.eu 36

Name of the layer: Mapa de regiones de procedencia – Regions of origin map

Short description: The region of origin is, for a determined species or subspecies, the area or group of areas with sharing uniform ecological conditions where seed sources or stands with similar phenotypic or genetic characteristics are found, taking into account altitude limits when necessary. There is cartography for each forest tree species for a total of 57 origin regions maps.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/recursos-geneticos-forestales/rgf_regiones_procedencia.aspx http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/Contenido_fichas_regiones_tcm7-285961.pdf

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/Contenido_fichas_regiones_tcm7-285961.pdf




It is open to use? (If it is, where it can be downloaded?): http://sig.magrama.es/geoportal/ https://sites.google.com/site/sigforestspecies/home/


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/recursos-geneticos-forestales/rgf_regiones_procedencia.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/recursos-geneticos-forestales/rgf_regiones_procedencia.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/temas/politica-forestal/Contenido_fichas_regiones_tcm7-285961.pdf





https://sites.google.com/site/sigforestspecies/home/

www.menfri.eu 37

Name of the layer: Convenios internacionales: Humedales españoles inscritos en la lista del Convenio Ramsar (RAMSAR) y Reservas Naturales de la Biosfera (MaB) – International Agreements: Spanish wetlands included in the Ramsar Agreement and Biosphere Natural Reserves

Short description:

Spanish wetlands included in the Ramsar Agreement. The Ramsar Agreement or Agreement related to the International Significance Wetlands especially as Water Birds Habitats, establish the creation of a network of wetlands at the international level known as the Ramsar list.

Biosphere Natural Reserves The Biosphere Reserves are terrestrial or coastal ecosystems proposed by the different Member States and recognised at the international level by the program “Men and Biosphere” (MaB). The Biosphere Reserves include a great variety of natural landscapes currently protecting traditional sustainable uses of the natural resources.


Official web with additional information (if possible): Ramsar: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ramsar.aspx Reservas Naturales de la Biosfera: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mab.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:

Date of the last version: RAMSAR, 2011 MaB, 2014








It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?):

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ramsar.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mab.aspx


www.menfri.eu 38

Ramsar: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ramsar.aspx Reservas Naturales de la Biosfera: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mab.aspx






www.menfri.eu 39

Name of the layer: Espacios Naturales Protegidos – Protected Natural Areas

Short description: Information about the different protection figures depending on the current framework in the different autonomous governments and the MAGRAMA. The state legislation (Law 42/2007) consider five protection figures (Parks, Natural Reserves, Protected Marine Areas, Natural Monuments, Protected Landscapes), the autonomous legislation about natural conservation increases the figures increasing the typology of natural areas to more than 40.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_cartografia_espacios_nat.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: Annually





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Protection level depending on autonomic and/or estate legislation




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ENP_Descargas.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_cartografia_espacios_nat.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ENP_Descargas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/ENP_Descargas.aspx

www.menfri.eu 40

Name of the layer: Parques Nacionales – National Parks

Short description: Available cartographic resources from each national park. The included layers are the following:

National Parks limits under the law 30/2014, of December 3 of National Parks.

Protection Peripheral Areas of national parks established under the laws of declaration of each national park, approved in the General Courts, and other legal dispositions of reclassification and extension.

Socioeconomic Influence Areas of the national parks generated from cartographic information of 2013 of the Geographic Information National Centre.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mapa_cartografia_espacios_nat.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:









It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/red-parques-nacionales/sig/




http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/red-parques-nacionales/sig/

www.menfri.eu 41

Name of the layer: Catálogo de Montes de Utilidad Pública – Public Use Woodlands Catalogue

Short description: The Spanish Public Use Woodlands Catalogue is a public record of administrative character where all the woodlands that are considered of public use are registered, under the Law 43/2003, of November 21, of Woodlands. The inclusion, exclusion and management correspond to the autonomous communities. Since the approval of this Law, all the registered woodlands are considered to be for public use.

Organization in charge: The corresponding organization of each autonomous community

Official web with additional information (if possible): The corresponding official web of each autonomous community

Language: Spanish and the corresponding co-official language of the autonomous community

Temporal scale:

Date of the last version: The corresponding error associated to scale.







Geographical scope (if not national), coordinates: Autonomous community

It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): It depends on the Autonomous community


www.menfri.eu 42

Name of the layer: Red Natura 2000 (LIC+ZEPA) – Natura Network 2000 Lugares de Importancia Comunitaria (LIC) – Community Relevant Areas Zonas de Especial Protección para las Aves (ZEPA) – Special Protection Areas for Birds

Short description: Proposed areas by the competent administrations of each autonomous community in order to follow the Habitat Directive 92/43/CEE, which imposes to all the Member States of the European Union to deliver a List of Community Relevant Areas (LIC) and Special Conservation Areas (ZEC). These ZEC, together with the Special Protection Areas for Birds (ZEPA), configure the Natura Network 2000.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/red_natura_2000_inf_disp.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1:5000-1:10.000



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): 1. Place identification 2. Place localization (area, coordinates, altitude, administrative and biogeographical region, etc.) 3. Ecological information (habitat and species of the Annexes I y II Habitat Directive and species of the Annexe I of the Birds Directive together with other species of interest) 4. Place description (general characteristics, threats and pressures, property regimes, etc.) 5. Protection figure of the place (relation of the place with other protection figures at the national or regional level) 6. Place management (responsible institution, management plans, etc.) 7. Place map (ID Inspire, references to the original map).



http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/red_natura_2000_inf_disp.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/red_natura_2000_inf_disp.aspx

www.menfri.eu 43


It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/rednatura_2000_lic_descargas.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/rednatura_2000_lic_descargas.aspx

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/rednatura_2000_lic_descargas.aspx

www.menfri.eu 44

Name of the layer: Fragmentación de hábitats / desfragmentación – Habitat fragmentation / defragmentation

Short description: Habitat fragmentation is one of the more serious problems associated to biodiversity loss. One of the principal factors implying territory fragmentation is the development of transport lineal infrastructure networks. The identification of areas prone to defragmentation in order to reduce the impact of the transport lineal infrastructures in biodiversity are objectives of the cartography, among them the priority indexes of transport trails effect on natural heritage fragmentation (light or severe) mitigation in order to offer diverse criteria to select specific trail sections for defragmentation.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/fragmentacion-habitats-desfragmentacion.aspx

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 2014


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1:50000



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Índice de prioridad de mitigación de la fragmentación




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/fragmentacion-habitats-desfragmentacion.aspx


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/fragmentacion-habitats-desfragmentacion.aspx




www.menfri.eu 45

Name of the layer: Frecuencia de Incendios Forestales – Forest Fire Frequency

Short description: Frequency of fires by municipalities for the period 2001-2010


Official web with additional information (if possible):

Language: Spanish



Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): By municipalities



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Frequency of fires by municipalities for the period 2001-2010




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/cartografia_informacion_disp.aspx

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Vector/raster with perimeter of each forest fire of at least 30 ha for each year.



www.menfri.eu 46

Name of the layer: Observatorio de Forestación de Tierras Agrícolas – Observatory for the Forestation of Croplands

Explotación de Forestación – Forestation exploitation

Parcelas de Apeo – Propping plots

Short description: Computing application that includes all data and permits updates. The objectives imposed for the Observatory are the following: • To constitute an integrated system of information of the crops as support to the management of the lands included in the forestation programs of croplands. • To generate geographic information and alphanumeric databases that spread the size of the cropland forestation and its value as carbon sink. • To offer diverse functionalities depending on the user. • To perform queries and updates about the current information.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://sig.magrama.es/Docs/PDFServiciosProd2/ExplotacionesForestacion.pdf

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: Every 3 years






Data for plot location o Provence o Municipality o Land registry identification (polygon, plot, facility…) o Plot area o Cartography layer.

• Forestation data o Complete file o Forested area o Plantation density (trees/ha) o Terrain preparation works o Forest management work. Maintenance. o Year/s of forestation o Species and percent of presence o Type of forestation (sow or plantation)


http://sig.magrama.es/Docs/PDFServiciosProd2/ExplotacionesForestacion.pdf

www.menfri.eu 47



It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://sig.magrama.es/geoportal/



www.menfri.eu 48

Name of the layer: CORINE Land Cover (CLC)

Short description: Database of Soil Use with a reference scale of 1:100.000, at the European level (European project Corine Land Cover), based in a hierarchically organized nomenclature of 44 classes, with a minimum polygon size of 25 ha. Includes:

Versions of 1990, 2000 and 2006,

Maps of land use change between years 1990-2000 and 2000-2006.

Organization in charge: European Environment Agency (EEA)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0-landcover

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: 1990, 2000 y 2006


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1:100000, minimum polygon size of 25 ha



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): 3 levels (1st level 5; 2nd 15; 3rd level 44 class of land cover)



Geographical scope (if not national), coordinates: European Union

It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=02113

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Higher spatial resolution to improve rate of land use change

http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0-landcover



www.menfri.eu 49

Name of the layer: Base de datos SIOSE (Sistema de Información de Ocupación del Suelo en España) – SIOSE database (Spanish Land Use Information System)

Short description: Database of land use at the national level, with a reference scale of 1:25,000, based on a data model guided by objects and with a polygon minimum size between 0.5 and 2 ha depending on the present land covers.


Official web with additional information (if possible): www.siose.es

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale: Currently SIOSE was generated at the national level with a reference date of the year 2005 (SIOSE 2005), with later updates with a reference date 2009 (SIOSE 2009) and 2011 (SIOSE 2011).


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1:25,000, polygon minimum size between 0.5 and 2 ha depending on the present land covers



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): SIOSE describes the terrain by mean of covers or cover combination allocating different occupy and characteristics percentiles, without loss of information. It is a multi-criteria database that permits to generate as much queries and classifications as needed. http://www.siose.es/SIOSEtheme-theme/documentos/pdf/ModeloDatos_Rotulo_SIOSE_v2.1.pdf




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=SIOSE


http://www.siose.es/

http://www.siose.es/SIOSEtheme-theme/documentos/pdf/ModeloDatos_Rotulo_SIOSE_v2.1.pdf

http://www.siose.es/SIOSEtheme-theme/documentos/pdf/ModeloDatos_Rotulo_SIOSE_v2.1.pdf

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=SIOSE

http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/buscadorCatalogo.do?codFamilia=SIOSE

www.menfri.eu 50

Name of the layer: Sistema de Información Geográfica de Parcelas Agrícolas (SIGPAC) – Crop Plots Geographic Information System

Short description: SIGPAC permits to geographically identify the plots declared by farmers and cattle breeders, in any regimen of assistance related with the cultivated area or used by cattle. Among the most important aims of the SIGPAC project are the following:

To help farmers to submit queries, through the production of the necessary graphic formats for the area declarations.

To facilitate the administration controls as the digital information will help the Administration to better identify the origin of the errors derived from farmer declarations or data recording, and will serve as a documentary format for the resolution of the suspect cases detected as the results of these same controls.

To facilitate the field controls, accelerating the location of plots and allowing “fast visits” both in classic controls and by remote sensing.


Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/agricultura/temas/sistema-de-informacion-geografica-de-parcelas-agricolas-sigpac-/

Language: Spanish

Temporal scale:


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1:2000 - 1:5000



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Crop type or cattle use in each land registry plot of rural areas




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): http://sigpac.magrama.es/fega/h5visor/


http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/agricultura/temas/sistema-de-informacion-geografica-de-parcelas-agricolas-sigpac-/

http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/agricultura/temas/sistema-de-informacion-geografica-de-parcelas-agricolas-sigpac-/

http://sigpac.magrama.es/fega/h5visor/

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Moroccan spatial resources

Name of the layer: National topographic maps at 1:25000, 1:50000 and 1:100 000 scales

Short description: - 1/25000: This scale covers all the coast (from Saidia in the north to Tiznit in the southwest) plus developed economic potential zones (Fès, Marrakech…). - 1/50000: This scale is stablished by the regions of mid, high and Anti Atlas. - 1/100000: This scale covers the Saharan and Eastern zones. It also includes the less used scales 1/250000, 1/500000 and 1/1000 000 The establishment of the board is subjected to a process organized in steps include: - The aerial photography - The stereo-preparation - Restitution - Writing

Organization in charge: Agence Nationale de la Conservation Foncière, du Cadastre et de la Cartographie (National Agency of Land Conservation, Land Registry and Mapping; Land Registry Office)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.ancfcc.gov.ma/

Language: French and Arabic

Temporal scale:






Orography: It’s the representation of relief through contour lines, stitches and bunds.

Hydrography: It’s everything related with streams (permanent and temporal), wells, sources, fountains, chaâba…

Vegetation: Indicates the plant and diverse crop covers.

Planimetric map: It covers constructions, networks (road, railway, electric…), the important details…



http://www.ancfcc.gov.ma/

www.menfri.eu 52

Geographical scope (if not national), coordinates: Topographic maps are in two projections: - The Lambert Conformal Conic for the northern area. - UTM (transverse Mercator cylindrical) for southern areas.

It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): No. Maps available in paper and digital format at sale price


www.menfri.eu 53

Name of the layer: Photographies aériennes à l’échelle du 1:20000 panchromatiques – Panchromatic aerial photographs at 1:20000 scale

Short description:

Organization in charge: Agence Nationale de la Conservation Foncière, du Cadastre et de la Cartographie (National Agency of Land Conservation, Land Registry and Mapping; Land Registry Office)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.ancfcc.gov.ma/


Temporal scale: 1986-1987; 2003-2007









It is open to use? (If it is, where it can be downloaded?): No



www.menfri.eu 54

Name of the layer: Inventaire Forestier National – National Forest Inventory

Short description: It is a basic tool for a better understanding of effective planning and management of forest resources at the country level and therefore for the development of forestry development programs. It provides forest mapping (at 1/100000 to 1/500000 of forest stands, regardless of any question of property, located north of the 29th parallel and having an area greater than 10 ha) and basic statistics that characterize the available resources in terms of wooden surfaces and volumes (estimated standing volume of timber of the main forest strata) following up the main species and stand types encountered. Presentation of results by planimetric territorial subdivision namely by administrative and forest region. It is based on a method that involves the use of aerial photographs to a scale of 1/20000 combined with satellite imagery and statistical sampling techniques for the measurement of trees on the ground. National sampling system of 3635 plots, based on sampling and temporary plots.

Organization in charge: Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification (High Commission for Water and Forests and the Fight against Desertification)

Official web with additional information (if possible): http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/fr/text.aspx?id=1059&uid=72

Language: French

Temporal scale: 1990 and 2005


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): Minimum area of 4ha with a minimum polygon size of 50m



Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Stratification adopted as part of IFN is as follows: - WOODED LAND; land occupied by woody vegetation type. A- Natural Forests and Planted Lands: tree species such as the holm oak, cork oak, Zeen oak, Kermes oak, the argan tree, cedar, fir, the pine, cedar, juniper ... and possibly other tree species such as the wild olive, arbutus, pistachio, wired, carob, maple, holly, ... B- Artificial Forest Woodlands: deciduous conifer reforestation and afforestation. Stratification of stand types: 1. Composition: Pure (when the main species represents more than 75% cover) or species Mixture (when the main species component stratum reaches to 75% cover).

2. Density: Class 1 (when canopy density (d) is ≥66%), Class 2 (33%≤ d <66%),

Class 3 (10%≤ d <33%) and Class 4 (d <10%)

3. Height:

http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/fr/text.aspx?id=1059&uid=72

www.menfri.eu 55

- For softwood: High (≥7m), Medium (2≤ height <7m) and Low (<2m)

- For hardwood: High (≥2m) and Low (<2m)

4. Structure: Grove or Coppice. C - Land for shrubland, or bushy steppe: all woodland vegetation resulting from degradation of the forest ecosystem due to grazing stock, topping and criminal sections. Ericas, the mastic tree and boxwood. B- Scrub: dwarf palm, broom, hawthorn, spurge, of cacti and rock roses. C- Steppe alfa (or mugwort): it refers to any herbaceous landscape. Alfa or mugwort as main species. - NON WOODED LAND: All lands having no natural forest vegetation. The - Land and tree crops - Wasteland (the sand dunes, rocky terrain ...) - Frames (urban and rural settlements)




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): No. In analogue (topographic base, generalized forest polygons with limits of forest strata or evolution and their attributes, administrative boundaries with their codes and names and forest limits with their codes and names) and digital format.

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): To periodically review the results of the inventory (every ten years) in order to assess the evolution of forest resources.

www.menfri.eu 56

Name of the layer: Cartographie forestière national – National Forestry Cartography

Short description: Cartography of the lands covered by woody plant formations and forestry populations (at scales 1/50000, 1/100000, 1/250000 and 1/500000), regardless of whether or not they are private or public, located north of the 29th parallel. The maps show the main species and stand types by administrative entity and changes in forest cover. The maps resulting from the use of aerial photographs at 1/20000 combined with the French satellite images.

Organization in charge: Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification, Inventaire Forestier National (High Commission for Water and Forests and the Fight against Desertification, National Forest Inventory)


Language: French



Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): Minimal surface of 4 ha with a polygon minimum size of 50m

Associated error to spatial resolution: < 50 m


Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): The sub-classes are:

Natural Woody Forest lands

Artificial Woody Forest lands Stratification by:

composit ion

density

height

system

Shrub, bush and steppe lands

Non-woody lands

Water Topographic base - Forest polygons or evolution), with limits of forest strata or evolution and their attributes - Administrative boundaries with their codes and names Limits forest with their codes and names




www.menfri.eu 57


It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): No. Maps available in digital format but there is no sales status at the Land Registry Office


www.menfri.eu 58

Name of the layer: Carte des strates forêts – Forest management maps

Short description: By forest block, the maps show the main species and stand types by administrative entity. The maps result from the use of aerial photographs at 1/20000

Organization in charge: Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification, Inventaire Forestier National (High Commission for Water and Forests and the Fight against Desertification, National Forest Inventory)


Language: French

Temporal scale: 1987 at present





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): Topographic base: - Limits forest with their codes and names - Administrative boundaries with their codes and names


Available series (number of versions): 2 (1987 and current)


It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): No. Maps are available in digital format but there is no sales status at the Land Registry Office



www.menfri.eu 59

Name of the layer: National Geology Map

Short description: 270 maps to date covering several regions - 1/1000000 - 1/500000 - 1/200000 - 1/100000 - 1/50000

Organization in charge: Ministry of Energy, Mines, Water and Environment / Department of Energy and Mining / Geological Service of Morocco


Language: French

Temporal scale:





Thematic resolution (map key, accuracy, units): - Geological layers in MapInfo GIS format. - Descriptive monographs




It is open to use? (If it is, where can it be downloaded?): Available for consultation at the auction


www.menfri.eu 60

Tunisian spatial resources

Name of the layer: Système d’Information Forestière et Pastorale (SIFOP) – Forest and Pastoral Information System

Short description: 1/50000 and 1/20000 Information systems about natural resources and pastoral and forest systems in Tunisia. This first inventory had the following objectives: • To carry out the inventory by statistical sampling of the country forest and pastoral resources over 12 million ha. (the Saharan part is not included); • To carry out the thematic cartography of the forest and pastoral systems, by determining their surfaces, forest biomass and dry weight of pastoral species; • To create a Forest and Pastoral Information System allowing compilation, management and update of the data.

Organization in charge: Direction Générale des Forêts (General Directorate of Forestry)


Language: French

Temporal scale:


Minimum spatial resolution (pixel size or scale): 1/20000

Associated error to spatial resolution: 50 m and 20m



Reliability (associated error to thematic resolution): 50 m and 20m

Available series (number of versions): 1st

Geographical scope (if not national), coordinates: UTM


Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Already replaced by the SIPF

www.menfri.eu 61

Name of the layer: Système d’Information et de Planification Forestière (SIPF) – Information and Forestry Planning System

Short description: 1/20000 It is a dynamic management tool allowing local information interchange with a national planning objective. The aim of the system is to help the General Directorate of Forestry in applying the national objectives into real strategic objectives specific to the forestry, pastoral and environmental sectors.



Language: French

Temporal scale:



Associated error to spatial resolution: 20m



Reliability (associated error to thematic resolution): 20m

Available series (number of versions): 2nd


It is open to use? (If it is, where it can be downloaded?): No

Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): thematic scale.

www.menfri.eu 62

Name of the layer: Cartographie thématique des formations forestières et pastorales – Thematic Cartography of Forest and Pastoral Systems

Short description: 1/50000 and 1/20000




Temporal scale:






Forest type

Forest composition

Forest cover

Forest structures

Property system

Status particularities


Available series (number of versions): 2nd




www.menfri.eu 63

Name of the layer: Inventaire des ressources forestières et pastorales – Forestry and pastoral resources inventory

Short description: 1/50000 and 1/20000 Inventory by statistical sampling of the country forestry and pastoral resources.




Temporal scale:







Available series (number of versions): 2 (1st, 1989-1994; 2nd, 1998-2007)



Priorities for improvement (temporal, spatial or thematic scale): Thematic scale.

www.menfri.eu 64

It should be mentioned that in the webpage: http://www.cnt.nat.tn/Fr/index.php of the

“Centre National de la Cartographie et de la télédetection” all of the information of the

base cartography in Tunisia is available. However, this information is not freely

accessible and, apparently, it cannot be downloaded.

http://www.cnt.nat.tn/Fr/index.php

www.menfri.eu 65

Analysis of Mediterranean forestry available

spatial information

The previous compilation of available spatial information related to forestry issues,

together with different reports gathered by experts from Tunisia, Morocco and

Spain, has provided enough material in order to roughly analyse the current

situation of GIS (availability, technology, resources, etc.) about forestry in the

Mediterranean.

The first and clearest fact that could be extracted from the provided compilation

of resources is the higher quantity of them in Spain compared to the quantities in

Tunisia and Morocco. Without analysing the quality of them or their availability,

the higher development of GIS technologies in European countries compared to

the Maghreb is undeniable. In fact, one of the gaps noted in the reports coming

from Morocco and Tunisia is the lack of a technical framework and, as a result,

the lack of basic material (hardware and software) for the use of such

technologies.

However, as mentioned, this amount of resources could be misleading, as

northern Mediterranean experts experience more, and easier, availability. In the

case of Spain, except for concrete regions such as Catalonia, Andalusia and the

Basque Country, information comes from heterogeneous sources and, in many

cases, is very difficult to reach (or download). National initiatives are always

postponed and are not supported by sufficient resources. This is unfortunately

translated into poor services of dissemination and access to otherwise excellent

and considerable works of compilation and assessment (http://www.idee.es/).

http://www.idee.es/

www.menfri.eu 66

At the European level other particular situations are found (for example,

information is even less accessible in Italy and most coordinates are missing in

the French forest inventory), yet some international facts could be extracted. One

of them is, in fact, the lack of coordination and common standards among the

different European countries. Except for the isolated examples of the ICP Forest

(http://icp-forests.net/) and the more successful CORINE Land Cover

(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0-landcover), coordinated studies

with real data and shared methodology are scarce at the European level. The

particular idiosyncrasies and legal framework of each country makes any attempt

of standardization or harmonization of environmental geographical data very

difficult. However, this situation is changing, and attempts are being made to

solve it with enormous and well-received initiatives, such as the Copernicus

(http://www.copernicus.eu/) platform and the INSPIRE

(http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/) directive.

In any case, although they originate in different methodologies, several reports

carried out by international organizations and the European Commission provide

data and maps concerning the state of European forests

(http://www.efi.int/portal/virtual_library/information_services/mapping_services/f

orest_map_of_europe; http://www.foresteurope.org/reporting_SFM;

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/pdf/Fin%20report%20info%20monit%20

wg.pdf). Moreover, the technology and access to satellite data is easily available

for research, governmental and management issues. Therefore, some of the

mentioned availability and standardization needs of the northern Mediterranean

countries could be despite in comparison with the needs of southern countries.

http://icp-forests.net/

http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0-landcover

http://www.copernicus.eu/

http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/

http://www.efi.int/portal/virtual_library/information_services/mapping_services/forest_map_of_europe

http://www.efi.int/portal/virtual_library/information_services/mapping_services/forest_map_of_europe

http://www.foresteurope.org/reporting_SFM

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/pdf/Fin%20report%20info%20monit%20wg.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/pdf/Fin%20report%20info%20monit%20wg.pdf

www.menfri.eu 67

During the last decade, great efforts were able to be conducted in Morocco and

Tunisia in order to compile, assess and deliver geographical information related

to forestry and environmental issues. In Morocco, several governmental

departments are implicated in this enormous task as the National Agency of Land

Conservation, Land Registry and Mapping (http://www.ancfcc.gov.ma/), the

Geological Service of Morocco (http://www.mem.gov.ma/) and, especially, the

High Commission for Water and Forests and the Fight against Desertification

(http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/) as well as the Royal Centre for Spatial

Remote Sensing (http://www.crts.gov.ma/). These last two are working together

on a common project called FORMA for the assessment of temporal changes in

forest areas, and the High Commission, in collaboration with the European Union,

are carrying out a daily monitoring system of forest fires thanks to the program

“Appuit”. In Tunisia, access to the information by the civil society is evolving

thanks to projects such as the “Expérimentation Participative et Adaptive de

Modèles de Gestion des Ressources Forestières dans la Chaîne Montagneuse

de l’Atlas (Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie)” which is financed by the CRDI, “Appui à la

promotion des micro entreprises forestières basées sur les PFNL pour améliorer

le niveau de vie des populations forestières et une gestion durable des

ressources forestières Tunisiennes” by the FAO, and “Promotion de l'Agriculture

durable et du Développement rural (PAD)” by the GIZ.

However, several issues need to improve in order to establish a sustainable

framework for the use of environmental and forestry geographical and technical

information.

The principal barrier to GIS use around Maghreb countries is the administrative

structure, which in many cases provokes a lack of communication within single


http://www.mem.gov.ma/

http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/

http://www.crts.gov.ma/

www.menfri.eu 68

administrations (different departments with specific functions do not share or

even compete for the same information) as well as a disconnection between the

government and researchers at the universities (public researchers should in

many cases pay for geographical information that in any case is difficult to find).

Another important problem, as previously mentioned, is the lack of basic

resources to use and share geographical information. From hardware (computers,

repositories, internet access, etc.) to software (principally GIS tools and similar

programs), passing through basic training in GIS techniques and the use of

geographical information databases.

Last but not least, is the difficult access to information for decision makers,

managers, and the civil society in general, an issue which is linked deeply to the

previous issues. The causes for this are both different and related. They include

factors such as the lack of common databases and technical frameworks, the

lack of a specialized communication unit in the government or the mentioned lack

of basic resources. In the end, information and development are intimately

connected and higher access to information results in more innovation that

provides ecological as well as economic benefits.

Some solutions

The previous bottlenecks to innovation could be overcome in the search for

common societal and environmental benefits.

In both the northern and southern Mediterranean countries it is necessary to

support dissemination by the government. The lack of a communication unit is

unfortunately shared by European and Maghreb countries, which also have

scarce communication specialists, and a limited ability to facilitate the

www.menfri.eu 69

interchange of information, research and ideas. It should also be mentioned that

the traditional dissemination despite by the research community, in the

Mediterranean Region and beyond.

Focusing on the southern Mediterranean region, the administration should be

pressured so that they adopt and use new technologies, prioritizing this

innovation development against other initiatives. Also, both governments and the

scientific community must encourage knowledge exchange amongst international

and national experts, in order to acknowledge the most recent achievements as

well as the available methods and databases. And finally, training programs may

be supported at local, national and international levels, assuring the creation and

maintenance of the necessary expertise.

In conclusion, a smart, sustainable and inclusive development (for the forestry

sector and beyond) involves availability and dissemination of the necessary

information. Environmentally reliable and easily available data that could be

related to; climate change mitigation, landscape management, reductions in fire

and desertification, and regional cooperation in the face of common

environmental catastrophes, amongst other factors, will definitely increase the

potential for development and the sustainability of the Region.

www.menfri.eu 70

Selected bibliography

Gonzalez Del Campo A. 2012. GIS in environmental assessment: a review of current

issues and future needs. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and

Management 14 (01).

http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S146433321250007X

Smith RS, Dallemand J-F. 2003. Geographic Information in the Mediterranean Basin.

GINIE: Geographic Information Network in Europe IST-2000-29493. http://www.ec-

gis.org/ginie/doc/med_final_report.pdf

Vanderhaegen M, Muro E. 2005 Contribution of a European spatial data infrastructure

to the effectiveness of EIA and SEA studies. Environmental Impact Assessment

Review 25 (2),123-142.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no

609542

http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S146433321250007X

http://www.ec-gis.org/ginie/doc/med_final_report.pdf

http://www.ec-gis.org/ginie/doc/med_final_report.pdf

Documents

MENFRI Available Spatial Information Available Spatial Information.pdf · The Available Spatial Information related to Mediterranean Forestry is a set of tools which includes a bibliography,