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MEN Switches & Routers50630008
Confidential Slide
Content
MEN Architecture
VLAN
L3 Forwarding
Switches
Routers
2
Confidential Slide
MAN Network Evolution
Service
Access
Core
X.25
ADSL
Ethernet
PSTN
IP
ATM
FR
GSM/GPRS CDMA
Cable
PDHSDH
Wireless Voice
Wireless Data
High SpeedInternet
Voice
Streaming
Dial-up
VoIP
Message
Today
WirelessDSL FTTP/HFC3G
RAN
IP / MPLS
Network
Location &Presence
Message
Online G
aming
Voice
Data
Video
Storage
Directory
Tomorrow
Multiple networks merge together
IP based
Lower TCO
Unified network, diversified services
Gradual evolution
Confidential Slide
Position of Metro Ethernet
Confidential Slide
5
Backbone
MPLS
MAN
MAN Ring
MAN
MANMAN
MCN
Reliance MEN Architecture
8~16 BA Rings Upto 14 BNs / BA ring
Upto 4 BAN RingsBAN
BAN
BAN
BAN
Upto 4 BANs / BAN ring
Static path configuration
Bldg. s/w
HomeSTB
Fiber
• VLAN, IP, Port based policy for transmitting customer traffic
Layer 2 / Layer 3 service
Aggregation
Distribution
Core
Access
Confidential Slide
Characteristics of Metro Ethernet
MetroAN
Core
(IP/MPLS)
MetroEthernet
High Availability Switchover: <50ms Service availability: 99.999% Link Aggregation & node protection E2E Protection
Hard QoS E2E SLA
Scalability No VLAN Limitation Interface rate range from n Mbps to
N×10Gbps
Service Management Fast provisioning, OAM Unified management
TDM Seamless interoperation with legacy
TDM system Legacy Leased Line
VLAN
Confidential Slide
Broadcast Storm
broadcast ……
Confidential Slide
Divide Broadcast Domain by Router
broadcast……
Confidential Slide
Divide Broadcast Domain by VLAN
Engineering Department
Financial DepartmentMarketing Department
Broadcast domain1
VLAN 10Broadcast domain2
VLAN 20
Broadcast domain3VLAN 30
Confidential Slide
VLAN
Confidential Slide
Port Based VLAN
VLAN Table
Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4
Host A Host B Host C Host D
LAN Switch
Port VLAN
Port 1 VLAN5
Port 2 VLAN10
Port 3 VLAN5
Port 4 VLAN10
Confidential Slide
Format of 802.1Q Frame
DA SA Type Data CRC
Standard Ethernet Frame
DA SA Type Data CRCtag
TPID Priority CFI VLAN ID
TCI
Ethernet Frame with IEEE802.IQ Flag
Confidential Slide
Link Type
Access Link
Trunk Link or Hybrid Link
Confidential Slide
VLAN Trunking
Allows to send traffic for multiple VLAN across single link.
Two devices must support same trunking protocol – 802.1q
Device adds a header called tag to the original Ethernet
frame which has field for VLAN ID
Allowed VLANs – Each trunk allows all VLANs by default.
However, they can be added or removed from the list.
Confidential Slide
Frame Changes in Network Communication
VLAN 2 VLAN 3
VLAN 3 VLAN 2
Ethernet frame with tag
Ethernet frame with tag
Ethernet frame without tag
Confidential Slide
Trunk and VLAN
Broadcast
Trunk Link
VLAN 4
VLAN 2 VLAN 4 VLAN 3 VLAN 2 VLAN 4 VLAN 5 VLAN 5 VLAN 2
VLAN 5
L3 Forwarding
Confidential Slide
Integration of switching and routing
Functional integration of layer 2 switches and routers forms the layer 3 switch; the layer 3
switch functionally realizes VLAN classification, VLAN internal layer 2 switching and inter-VLAN
route functions.
VLAN 100 VLAN 200
VLAN 300
VLAN 100 VLAN 200
VLAN 300
Confidential Slide
Message to message Layer 3 switching
technology
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Traditional layer 3 technology processes each message, and transfers messages based on the
destination IP addresses. This method is called from message to message
Confidential Slide
Layer 3 switching technology based on flow
switching
The first message
Subsequent messages
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Huawei CX200D
Confidential Slide
Hardware Architecture of the CX200D
Dimensions 442mm×220mm×43.6mm
Port Switch capacity
Forwarding performance
8.8Gbps/6.6Mpps
Interface type 24*10/100TX+2*GE(SFP)
Power DC/AC 25W
CX200D
Confidential Slide
Software Architecture of the CX200D
System management plane
Help the users log in and manage the information of CX200D.
System service plane
Help the users configure and manage CX200D.
General control plane
Provide features such as access, service transmission, and QoS.
Hardware drivers
VRP platform (OS)
Information
center
System
management
plane
Terminal service
System service
System
service plane
General
control plane
Ethernet EoRPR
SNMP
Command line
HGMP
Trunk VLAN ARP MAC STP
IGMP
snoopingACL QoS
Confidential Slide
CX200D Significant Features
RRPP
IEEE802.3ah
IGMP Snooping
QoS
Confidential Slide
Metro Network
RRPP - Rapid Ring Protection Protocol
Main Node
Transit Node
Slave PortMain Port
Link-Down Notification
Block Status
Link Failure
Link-DownNotification
Main Ring
Sub-Ring 1
User1 User2
Hello Packet
RRPP provides Ethernet Ring solution with ordinary Ethernet Port Less than 50ms failure protection. Ring span support Link Aggregation
Transit NodeTransit Node
Transit Node
Sub-Ring 2
Confidential Slide
Ethernet OAM——802.3ah Protocol
802.3ah protocol is used to solve “The Last Mile”
problem, and suitable for Ethernet link between two
devices too.
Main Functions:
OAM Auto Discover
OAM Link Monitor
Remote Fault Notify
OAM Remote Loopback
Remote Taking MIB
CX200D
CX200D
CE PE
User to Network Interface
Link Failure Message
CX380
CE PE
Link Loopback Message
Test Message CX380
User to Network Interface
Confidential Slide
IGMP Snooping
Internet Internet
VOD Server1 VOD Server2
Multicast Router
CX200D
Multicast Group Member
Multicast Group Member
Multicast Group Member
Video Stream
Confidential Slide
Only one copy for whole ring
IGMP Snooping V1/V2
MVLAN+
Native L2 multicast forwarding easy to deploy
and maintain
50ms switch over
IGMP fast leave, fast zapping
Multicast function Feature
High Reliable Multicast
Convergence Layer
Core Layer
STP/RRPP CX200DCX200D
Confidential Slide
Q7
Q6
Q5
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
Q0
SP
SP
OSS and VoIP are marked with highest priority, scheduled with SP, and policed to be within the pre-
set maximum rate.
AN
802.1P Service
7 TDM packet
6 VoIP
5 BTV basic channel
4BTV extension channel
VPN gold
3 VPN silver
2VoD
VPN bronze
1 reserved
0 Internet
Scheduling with Diff-Serv QoS
WRR/
DRR
Cisco Catalyst 3550 Switch
Confidential Slide
QoS Model
Classification Marking Congestion
Avoidance
Mechanism
Policing &
Shaping
Queuing
(congestion mgt)
Identifying & Grouping different traffic types-FTP-VoIPCisco says min-4 & max-11 groups
Colors the packet so it can be quickly recognized else were in the network . Marking is between L2 & L3 or L3
Default is FIFO & Tail drop. i.e: drop if there is no memory ,even without looking at it.WRED-weighted random early detection. i.e: Randomly clears heavy packets to create space in the buffer
VoIP -1FTP-2HTTP-3Queuing will kick up only when there is congestion.But if VoIP uses more than allotted BW, start policing, we don’t want it to use all the BW
Confidential Slide
Problem to Distribute Multicast in L2 Ring
We have 2 user Vlans per switch in the ring and 28 user
vlans are sent over each trunk in the ring.
We need to be able to send all multicast streams to each
users
In standard multicast the distribution, the BAN needs to
replicate multicast streams to potentially 28 users Vlans
28 copies of each multicast packet might travel over the ring
Confidential Slide
Problem to Distribute Multicast in L2 Ring
Confidential Slide
MVR Operation
Confidential Slide
Supervisor Subsystem
Managing control plane traffic for the switch
Provides address learning capabilities
Confidential Slide
ACL
Network security through Cisco access control lists (ACLs) based on Layer 2 through Layer 4 information
Access control all packets
Lookups done in hardware : less delay
Security at the edge
Minimizes congestion by filtering unwanted traffic
Cisco ME 3400
Confidential Slide
Cisco ME 3400
24 Ethernet 10/100 ports
2 SFP gigabit uplinks (GBIC in 3550)
30W max power consumption (25 W less than 3550)
Operating temperature-50 deg (5 more than 3550)
Cisco Catalyst 3750
Confidential Slide
Cisco Catalyst 3750
12 SFP based Gigabit ports
32 Gbps high speed stacking bus
Power consumption 120W max
User Configuration Interface
Confidential Slide
Setup via Console
Router
PC
Console Port
Console Cable
RS-232 Serial Port
Confidential Slide
Setup via Telnet
Ethernet
100BASE-TX
WorkstationRouter
Server Laptop PC
Confidential Slide
Setup via the AUX Port
PSTN
Console Port
Router
Modem
Modem
PC
Modem
RS-232 Serial Port
TEL: 12345678
Confidential Slide
Command View
Huawei
The system commands are divided into four levels:
Visit:
Monitor:
Config:
Manage:
Cisco
There are two modes:
User
Enable
Configuration
Confidential Slide
Visit Level
The commands in visit level:
Visit: includes the commands of network diagnosis tools such as ping and tracert, and the commands for visit to external devices, such as Telnet client, SSH client, and RLOGIN.
Confidential Slide
Monitor Level
The commands in monitor level:
Commands used for system maintenance and service fault diagnosis, including display and debugging commands.
Confidential Slide
Config Level
The commands in config level:
Config: Service configuration commands including routing commands and the commands at the network layer.
Confidential Slide
Manage Level
The commands in
manage level:Manage: Commands essential to the system operations and the system support modules. They provide support to services that concerns file system, FTP, TFTP, XModem download, configuration file switch, power control, standby board control, user management, level setting, as well as the parameter setting within a system (the last case involves those non-protocol or non-RFC provisioned commands).
Confidential Slide
Command Views
Command lines are associated with command views like:
User view
System view/Enable View/Config View
Routing protocol views: OSPF, RIP, BGP, IS-IS……
Interface views: FE, GE, synchronous serial, cE1, E3, cT1, T3, ATM,
POS, CPOS, virtual-template, virtual Ethernet, loopback, null, tunnel
User interface view
L2TP group view
Route mapping view
Confidential Slide
Command Line On-line Help
Enter ―?‖ in any views and you will obtain all
the commands in this view and their simple
descriptions as well.
<Quidway> ?User view commands:cd Change current directoryclock Specify the system clock
……
Cisco>?
Confidential Slide
Command Line On-line Help (Continued)
Enter a command and a ―?‖ separated by a
space. If "?" stands for a key word, all the
keywords and their simple descriptions will be
given.
<Quidway> display ?aaa AAA status and configuration informationacl Acl status and configuration information
……
Confidential Slide
Command Line On-line Help (Continued)
Enter a command and a ―?‖ separated by a
space. If "?" stands for a parameter, descriptions
of these parameters will be given.
[Quidway] interface ethernet ?<3-3> Slot number[Quidway] interface ethernet 3?/[Quidway] interface ethernet 3/?<0-0>[Quidway] interface ethernet 3/0?/[Quidway] interface ethernet 3/0/?<0-0>[Quidway] interface ethernet 3/0/0 ?<cr>
Confidential Slide
Command Line On-line Help (Continued)
Enter a character string followed by a ―?‖. All
the commands starting with this string will be
displayed.
<Quidway> d?debugging delete dir display
Press <tab> after entering the first several letters of a keyword to display the complete
keyword, given that these letters can uniquely identify the keyword in this command.
Huawei CX600
Confidential Slide
Positioning of CX600
MSPCX600
DSLAMCMTS
AG
NodeB
Access
Acc Switch
SBC
RNC
SoftX
Internet
Headend
VoD CS
VoD ES
SGSN
P
P
Edge Core Application
PE
P
BRAS
MSPCX600
Aggregation
MSPCX600
MSPCX600
CX600 Metro Services Platform (MSP) is a high end Ethernetproduct. It focuses on Ethernet services access, aggregation andtransmission in metro area. It mainly locates at metro access andaggregation point and can provide FE, GE, 10 GE and RPRinterfaces with line speed performance.
Confidential Slide Page58
Introduction to CX600
„ Key components redundancy:„ 1:1 redundancy of the Switch and Route Processing Unit (SRUs) „ 3+1 load balancing and redundancy backup of the Switch Fabric Units (SFUs) „ Redundancy backup of power modules, fans, clock boards and management bus „ Support GR, NSF, Hot Patch
CX600-8
Current capacity Expansion capacity
Backplane
bandwidth
Switching
capacity
Port capacity
(bidirectional)
Switching
capacity
Port capacity
(bidirectional)
2Tbps 640Gbps160Gbps,
20G/slot1.28Tbps
640Gbps,
80G/slot
Port Capacity = sum of total interfaces capacity on 8 bidirectional LPU slotsOne LPU slot = 10Gbps service forwarding, i.e: 10*2 = 20 GbpsTotal capacity of CX600-8 = 10*8*2=160Gbps.
Confidential Slide
CX600 System Architecture
LPU
LPULPU
FAN
(redundancy)FAN
(redundancy)
SRU
(1:1 redundancy)
SFU板
(3+1备份)
交换矩阵
Monitor Bus Control Bus
SFU
3+1 redundancy
Switching
Fabric……
Data Bus
Redundancy design for all components, no single point failure
Distributed forwarding architecture to eliminate performance bottle neck and maximize
throughput
Separated data bus, control bus and monitor bus
2:1 speedup (=switching capacity : port capacity), non-blocking crossbar switching fabric
LPU
Confidential Slide
CX600 Slot/Card/Port Numbering
1 2 3 4 9 11 10 5 6 7 8
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
0 1
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11
6/0/0
12
Confidential Slide
Strong Reliability Feature
Non-stop Forwarding
VPN FRR
Enhanced-VRRP for Layer 3 Access Reliability
Confidential Slide
RM
BACKUP
RM
ACTIVE
FIB
Signaling/protocol packet
FIBData Packet
FIB tableStatistics and status information
Forwarding Unit
Control Unit
1:1 redundancy
Stateful Switchover
Graceful Restart Capabilities
Separated Control Plane & Forwarding Plane
Stateful Switchover between active & standby MPU
Full Graceful Restart capabilities
Each line card has a duplicated FIB, forwards packets & maintains link status independently
Non-stop Forwarding
Confidential Slide Pag
e63
Metro Core Metro Edge
BFD for Detection of Path Failure
VPN FRR for fast Recovery
CX600
VoIP/VoD VLAN
VRF for NGN VPN Site1DIP PE-ID Interface Label Priority
MG2 PE3 Tunnel 2 200 20 Active
Tunnel 1
Tunnel 2
PE2
PE3
PE1
VRF for NGN VPN Site1DIP PE-ID Interface Label Priority
MG2 PE2 Tunnel1 100 10 Active MG2 PE3 Tunnel 2 200 20 Inactive
VPN FRR for Layer 3 VPN Reliability
Confidential Slide
Master Backup
VRRP
Normal VRRP, Master send VRRP Hello packet to Backup periodically
Backup device will be changed to Master when it can not receive VRRP Hello packet more than 3 times
The period of VRRP Hello packet could be configured to 1s minimum, which means switchover time will be more than 3s
Normal VRRP:
VRRP Hello
Master Backup
VRRP
In the Enhanced VRRP, link state is detected by BFD
BFD can detect the link failure in 50ms, then VRRP state will be changed between Master and Backup device
In some condition, the switchover time could be less than 30ms
Enhanced VRRP:
BFD for VRRP
Converge time: 3s
Converge time: 50ms
interface xvrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip x.x.x.xvrrp vrid 1 priority 150 interface y
vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip x.x.x.xvrrp vrid 1 priority 120vrrp vrid 1 track bfd-session 10 increase 50
Enhanced-VRRP for Layer 3 Access Reliability
Confidential Slide
Normal PIM, DR and BDR send Hello packet periodicallyBDR will be changed to DR when it can not receive PIM Hello packet more than 3 timesThe period of PIM Hello packet could be configured to 1s minimum, which means switchover time will be more than 3sWith BFD for PIM, link state is detected by BFDBFD can detect the link failure in 50ms, then PIM state will be changed between DR and BDRIn some condition, the switchover time could be less than 50ms
CX600
Head EndCDN
DLSAM
PC RTU STB
BB Core
CX300
PIM-SM BFD for PIM
IGMP V2
Multicast DATA
BFD for PIM
Confidential Slide
Hierarchical QoS
Independent 24k Ingress and 24k Egress Queues
5 Level Hierarchical Scheduler
Egress QoSIngress QoS
L1-L4 info ,64Kbps granularity
precise traffic policing
5-level scheduling & shaping
Precise bandwidth management
Congestion avoidance with WRED
Classifier
Meter
Marker
NP
Scheduler
Shaper
Dropper
TM
Scheduler
Shaper
Dropper
TM
Classifier
Meter
Marker
NP
Cisco 7609
Confidential Slide
7609 Features
Features 720 Gbps of switching capacity
40 Gigabit/slot configuration
Line Rate Performance
9-vertical slots2 13456789
1/101
3/0/0
Confidential Slide
Router Architecture
Confidential Slide
7609 IOS
Confidential Slide
SUP 720 Module
Apply ACLs for traffic policing and marking, make policy
decisions, and determine where to switch the packet, all at
line rate regardless of packet size and flow length
Routing Engine : Routing Table maintenance
Packet Forwarding Engine
Confidential Slide
IOS Boot process
IOS image in SUP-BOOTFLASH
SP portion of image is decompressed & loaded in to SP-DRAM
The SP starts booting from this image
The SP then hands-over the control to RP, to continue booting
Next, RP downloads the IOS image in to RP-DRAM, and decompresses the image
RP boots using the RP-DRAM image & complete the boot sequence.
Console remains with RP
Confidential Slide
Optical Service Module
Confidential Slide
OSM features
High speed WAN services
Wide range of WAN connectivity: GE, ATM, SDH etc.
4 GBIC ports on every OSM
Packet buffers (64 MB to 128MB)
Thank you