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MEMPHYS MEMPHYS MEgaton Mass PHYSics DetectorMEgaton Mass PHYSics Detector

N. Vassilopoulos / LAL N. Vassilopoulos / LAL on behalf of MEMPHYS Collaborationon behalf of MEMPHYS Collaboration

without LAGUNA aspects (L.Mosca)without LAGUNA aspects (L.Mosca)

without R&D on PMTs (J.E. Campagne)without R&D on PMTs (J.E. Campagne)

without Fréjus Site aspects (M. Russo)without Fréjus Site aspects (M. Russo)emphasis: software developments and emphasis: software developments and MEMPHYNO prototype design MEMPHYNO prototype design

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underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus (Alps), Modane, France(Alps), Modane, France

total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3 total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3

or 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 mor 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 m

• size limited by light attenuation length size limited by light attenuation length (λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs(λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs

• readout : ~3 x 81k 12readout : ~3 x 81k 12″″ PMTs, 30% cover PMTs, 30% cover (# PEs = 40%cover with 20(# PEs = 40%cover with 20″″ PMTs) PMTs)

possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of 100kton 100kton

underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus (Alps), Modane, France(Alps), Modane, France

total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3 total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3

or 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 mor 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 m

• size limited by light attenuation length size limited by light attenuation length (λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs(λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs

• readout : ~3 x 81k 12readout : ~3 x 81k 12″″ PMTs, 30% cover PMTs, 30% cover (# PEs = 40%cover with 20(# PEs = 40%cover with 20″″ PMTs) PMTs)

possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of 100kton 100kton

http://2www.apc.univ-paris7.fr/APC_CS/Experiences/

MEMPHYS/

arXiv: hep-ex/0607026

Contacts: J.E. Campagne and M. Mezzetto

65m

60m

MEMPHYS: Underground Laboratory and DetectorMEMPHYS: Underground Laboratory and Detector

Laboratoire Laboratoire Souterrain Souterrain de Modanede Modane

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MEMPHYS: MEMPHYS: Fréjus layoutFréjus layout

excavation will startin 2008

Excavation reaches near current Lab. 2013

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MEMPHYS: MEMPHYS: Fréjus scheduleFréjus schedule

2007 2012 2017 2020

depends of course on LAGUNA (European decisions) depends of course on LAGUNA (European decisions)

and NNN world coordinationand NNN world coordination

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MEMPHYS: PhotodetectionMEMPHYS: Photodetection 1212″ PMTs x ~80000 per shaft, 30% coverage ″ PMTs x ~80000 per shaft, 30% coverage readout plan: readout plan:

• ASIC: readout integrated electronics circuit as close to detectorASIC: readout integrated electronics circuit as close to detector• operate with a common high voltage and thus need of variable gain to equalize PMT operate with a common high voltage and thus need of variable gain to equalize PMT

response response • high speed discriminator to auto trigger on single photoelectronhigh speed discriminator to auto trigger on single photoelectron• digitization of charge ADC & of time of arrival over 12 bits to provide large dynamic range digitization of charge ADC & of time of arrival over 12 bits to provide large dynamic range

and nano-second accuracyand nano-second accuracy• digital data out: power wires digital data out: power wires

PMmPMm22 R&D project: integrated circuit & complete module studies and construction R&D project: integrated circuit & complete module studies and construction

Electronics as close as possible to PMTs

voltages applied through the same cable

sketch of 4x4 12″ PMTs module

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MEMPHYS: PhysicsMEMPHYS: Physics

Proton decayProton decay

SuperNovae neutrinos SuperNovae neutrinos

• core-collapse understanding, explore violent phenomena in the universe core-collapse understanding, explore violent phenomena in the universe SN SN

trigger, star formation in the early universe trigger, star formation in the early universe Diffuse SN Diffuse SN

Neutrino Astrophysics Neutrino Astrophysics

oscillation measurements with oscillation measurements with beams beams

materiel taken from (see also for further details) materiel taken from (see also for further details) A. Tonazzo’s talk at NOW06: A. Tonazzo’s talk at NOW06:

MEMPHYS non oscillating Physics, MEMPHYS non oscillating Physics, http://www.ba.infn.it/~now/now2006/ http://www.ba.infn.it/~now/now2006/

materiel taken from J. E. Campagne et al., materiel taken from J. E. Campagne et al., Physics potential of the CERN-MEMPHYS Physics potential of the CERN-MEMPHYS

oscillation project, JHEP04(2007)003oscillation project, JHEP04(2007)003

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MEMPHYS: Proton DecayMEMPHYS: Proton Decay

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 88

MEMPHYS: SN rates at Mton detectorMEMPHYS: SN rates at Mton detector

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MEMPHYS: “real time” movie of shock waves effectsMEMPHYS: “real time” movie of shock waves effects

Fogli et al. hep-ph/04120460.4 Mton, galactic SN (10kpc) for 0.4 Mton, galactic SN (10kpc) for invert beta decayinvert beta decay

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MEMPHYS: SN triggerMEMPHYS: SN trigger

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MEMPHYS: Difusse SN v’s MEMPHYS: Difusse SN v’s

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CERN-MEMPHYS: CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with Oscillation measurements with beams beams

θθ1313 discovery reach and sensitivity discovery reach and sensitivity

to CP Violationto CP Violation CERN

Fréjus

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ββB beam’s ions/year reduced by 2: B beam’s ions/year reduced by 2: performance is strongly depended on ion performance is strongly depended on ion

productionproduction

CERN-MEMPHYS: CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with Oscillation measurements with beams beams main results main results

discovery reach of sindiscovery reach of sin2222θθ1313 ≈ 5 x 10≈ 5 x 10-3-3 3 3σσ irrespectively of the actual irrespectively of the actual value of value of δδCPCP

max CP violation (for δCP = π/2, 3π/2) can be discovered at 3σ down to sin22θ13 ≈ 2(9) x 10-4 for βB (SPL)

also, ATM + SPL/βB provides sensitivity to mass hierarchy at 2σ sin22θ13 >≈ 0.02-0.03

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MEMPHYS: Mass Hierarchy from atmosperic MEMPHYS: Mass Hierarchy from atmosperic ss

If D-CHOOZ finds a non zero value for sinIf D-CHOOZ finds a non zero value for sin2222θθ13 13 then a megaton then a megaton

water cherenkov detector can make a distinction between the two water cherenkov detector can make a distinction between the two hierarchies, hierarchies, R. Gandhi et al., hep-phy/07071723R. Gandhi et al., hep-phy/07071723

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Event Generator: Event Generator: NUANCENUANCE for for beam, beam, Atmospheric & Proton Decay Atmospheric & Proton Decay

SimulationSimulation (based on Geant4) (based on Geant4): :

• Interface with the Interface with the OpenScientist v16r0OpenScientist v16r0 framework (G. Barr framework (G. Barrand/and/LALLAL--APCAPC) provided using ) provided using distribution kitsdistribution kits including including Geant4 & CLHEP & Geant4 & CLHEP & AIDA-IO implementation to RIO AIDA-IO implementation to RIO (also HDF5, XML)(also HDF5, XML)

• 3 modes of running in the same framework: 3 modes of running in the same framework: Interactive Viewing, Batch processing, AIDA_ROOT analysisInteractive Viewing, Batch processing, AIDA_ROOT analysis

• eevent info from MCvent info from MC, p, primary + non-Optical photons track infosrimary + non-Optical photons track infos• hhits: each PM maintain a list of arrival time of optical photons detected its: each PM maintain a list of arrival time of optical photons detected

(i.e. photo-cathod efficiency)(i.e. photo-cathod efficiency)

MEMPHYS: MC Present Status MEMPHYS: MC Present Status

transparency by J. E. Campagne

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10% de 10% de ČČ

2km WC Geometry2km WC Geometry

1% de 1% de ČČ 0.1% de 0.1% de ČČ

pp

(2GeV)(2GeV)

ttransparency by J. E. ransparency by J. E. CampagneCampagne

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1600ns

→-→e-

MEMPHYS v7MEMPHYS v7

Interactive Interactive histogram to histogram to identify the e identify the e Michel optical Michel optical photons…photons…

Only detected op. photons

ttransparency by J. E. ransparency by J. E. CampagneCampagne

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MEMPHYS v7MEMPHYS v7

atmospheric (1-10GeV)atmospheric (1-10GeV)

ttransparency by J. E. ransparency by J. E. CampagneCampagne

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MEMPHYS: Simulation Studies for a small scale Prototype MEMPHYS: Simulation Studies for a small scale Prototype MEMPHYNOMEMPHYNO

Thomas Patzak, Eddy Richard, Alessandra Tonazzo / APCThomas Patzak, Eddy Richard, Alessandra Tonazzo / APC-PARIS-PARISJean-Eric Campagne, Nikos Vassilopoulos / LALJean-Eric Campagne, Nikos Vassilopoulos / LAL-ORSAY-ORSAY

purposes :purposes :• full test of electronics and acquisition chainfull test of electronics and acquisition chain• trigger threshold studiestrigger threshold studies• self-trigger modeself-trigger mode

volume ~10 tvolume ~10 t at least one matrix of 16 PMTs with DAQ system at least one matrix of 16 PMTs with DAQ system

(developed by PMm(developed by PMm2 2 project, J.E.Campagne et al.)project, J.E.Campagne et al.) install at APC, then at Frinstall at APC, then at Fréjus lab: max available space: éjus lab: max available space:

3x3x3 m3x3x3 m33

tests with radioactive sources (monoenergetic, tests with radioactive sources (monoenergetic, point-like) and cosmic muons (direction selected point-like) and cosmic muons (direction selected with hodoscope) on surfacewith hodoscope) on surface

measure background level @ underground sitemeasure background level @ underground site MEMPHYS simulation & visualization codeMEMPHYS simulation & visualization code 2x2x2m2x2x2m³ water volume³ water volume 2 different PMTs’ modules simulated at bottom 2 different PMTs’ modules simulated at bottom

side :side :

4x4 12in PMTs = ~35% coverage (for one 4x4 12in PMTs = ~35% coverage (for one sideside

electron 10 MeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : centreelectron 10 MeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : centre muon 1 GeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : top centremuon 1 GeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : top centre

pictures for detectedpictures for detectedoptical photonsoptical photons

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MEMPHYS: MEMPHYNO e-, MEMPHYS: MEMPHYNO e-, μμ- studies- studies

# of PMTs per electron

10k per energy electrons generated 10k per energy electrons generated at the detector’s centre with random at the detector’s centre with random directiondirection

PEs per PMT OPs’ arrival times

e- E (MeV)e- E (MeV) 11 2.52.5 55 1010 1515 2020 2525

PEs / MeV / elPEs / MeV / el 0.20.2 1.11.1 1.51.5 1.71.7 1.81.8 1.81.8 1.81.8

X 6 (sides)X 6 (sides) 1.21.2 6.66.6 99 10.210.2 10.810.8 10.810.8 10.810.8

MEMPHYSMEMPHYS 22 7.77.7 1010 10.910.9 11.111.1 11.211.2 11.111.1

Table: MEMPHYNO’s PEs per MeV per electronTable: MEMPHYNO’s PEs per MeV per electron

e- 20MeVe- 20MeV

μμ- - 1GeV1GeV

muons generated over the muons generated over the detector’s surface with pz / p = -1detector’s surface with pz / p = -1

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best fit

MEMPHYNOMEMPHYNOelectrons 10 MeVelectrons 10 MeV : vertex finding: vertex finding

primary vertex fit based only on each PMT’s timing info: tprimary vertex fit based only on each PMT’s timing info: t i PMTi PMT = t = tii + TOF + TOFii => t => ti i = t= ti PMTi PMT – TOF – TOFii

, where TOF, where TOFii = (n / c) x D, D = distance between each PMT and grid’s coordinates = (n / c) x D, D = distance between each PMT and grid’s coordinates

maximize estimator E a la SK to find the true vertex of electron :maximize estimator E a la SK to find the true vertex of electron :

estimator for all grid points vs

distance from true vertex

best fit

for the primary fit :

1. grid analysis (5cm spacing) in MEMPHYNO

2. good resolution for downwards electrons in x-y plane where is the PMTs’ module (shown)

3. resolution becomes worse as pz/p increases due to one PMTs’ module : best for perpendicular electrons

electrons generated at the detector’s centre

direction

solid up to 450 around –z

dashed up to 250 around –z

direction

solid up to 450 around –z

dashed up to 250 around –z

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MEMPHYNO MEMPHYNO muons 1 GeVmuons 1 GeV

light propagation effect of OPs :light propagation effect of OPs : check correlation of PMT time with distance between check correlation of PMT time with distance between

muon’s exit point and detection PMT’s coordinatesmuon’s exit point and detection PMT’s coordinates

pz/p = -1pz/p = -1 pz/p = -1

pz/p < 0

pz/p = -1 : later produced OPs are detected first pz/p < 0 : relation not clean

entry/exit: edgesentry/exit: middle

diagonal

trajectory

entry/exit: centre

μ

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MEMPHYNO MEMPHYNO simulation worksimulation work

any detector layout parametrization and any detector layout parametrization and analysis analysis

ring reconstruction and PMT analysis ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools graphics tools

one detector design example & plots one detector design example & plots

by E. Richard Stagiaire @APC-PARISby E. Richard Stagiaire @APC-PARIS

first steps towards event reconstruction & PID first steps towards event reconstruction & PID

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MEMPHYS: conclusions, since NNN06MEMPHYS: conclusions, since NNN06

the physics case is still strong, some new studiesthe physics case is still strong, some new studies

LAGUNA has been approved and will finance more site studies in Fréjus as well LAGUNA has been approved and will finance more site studies in Fréjus as well as further steps with analysis code and physics studies, in collaboration with LENA as further steps with analysis code and physics studies, in collaboration with LENA and GLACIERand GLACIER

the photodetector R&D is in progress (PMmthe photodetector R&D is in progress (PMm22))

a new MC based in GEANT4 is in construction, studies in :a new MC based in GEANT4 is in construction, studies in : vertex findingvertex finding light propagationlight propagation

a prototype MEMPHYNO is in the design phase to be constructed in 2008-2009. It a prototype MEMPHYNO is in the design phase to be constructed in 2008-2009. It will provide studies on:will provide studies on:

DAQDAQ self triggeringself triggering threshold studiesthreshold studies

work on simulation, mechanical design, PMT R&D at APC & LALwork on simulation, mechanical design, PMT R&D at APC & LAL

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ThanksThanks

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MEMPHYS: Fréjus feasibility study

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MEMPHYS: MEMPHYS: Fréjus summaryFréjus summary

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search for search for p p e e++ 00 (3 showering event), (3 showering event), efficiency ~ 43% efficiency ~ 43%

predictions: predictions: pp~10~103434-10-103636 yrs yrs bdg: bdg: p p > 1.6x10> 1.6x103333yrs by SKyrs by SK p p > 1.6x10> 1.6x103535yrs at 90% CL for 5Mt.yr yrs at 90% CL for 5Mt.yr by MEMPHYSby MEMPHYS

MEMPHYS coverage 30% with 12”PMTs is equivalent MEMPHYS coverage 30% with 12”PMTs is equivalent to coverage 40% with 20”PMTs in terms of #PE. to coverage 40% with 20”PMTs in terms of #PE.

MEMPHYS relies on the study by UNO, adapting the MEMPHYS relies on the study by UNO, adapting the resultsresults

MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, p p e e++ 00

atm - e N e N ' 0

HH22O is best for this channelO is best for this channel

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search for search for p p K (K K (K++ below below cherenkov threshold so the cherenkov threshold so the channel is channel is detected via the decay products of detected via the decay products of KK++ ) )

• KK monoenergetic monoenergetic + 6.3 MeV + 6.3 MeV prompt-prompt- from capture from capture

• K K ++00 with with

predictions: predictions: pp~3x10~3x103333-3x10-3x103434 yrs yrs p p > 2.3x10> 2.3x103333yrs by SKyrs by SK pp ~ 2x1~ 2x1003434yrs for 5Mt.yr by MEMPHYS yrs for 5Mt.yr by MEMPHYS

MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, p p K K

v

HH22O not as good as LAr, LsintO not as good as LAr, Lsint

v

v

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MEMPHYS: SN MEMPHYS: SN νν in water in water ČČerenkov detectorserenkov detectors

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3131

MEMPHYS: SN and MEMPHYS: SN and θθ13 13 informationinformation

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3232

MEMPHYS: SN neutronization burstMEMPHYS: SN neutronization burst

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3333

MEMPHYS: SN shockwave informationMEMPHYS: SN shockwave information

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3434

CERN-MEMPHYS: CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with Oscillation measurements with beams beams sensitivity to the mass hierarchysensitivity to the mass hierarchy

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3535

MEMPHYS: MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with Oscillation measurements with beams beamssensitivity to octant of sensitivity to octant of θθ2323

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3636

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3737

MEMPHYS: MC analyses

by J. E. Campagne

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3838

MEMPHYNO: MEMPHYNO: muons 1 GeVmuons 1 GeV

# of PMTs per muon, # of PEs per PMT, opticalphotons’ arrival times : # of PMTs per muon, # of PEs per PMT, opticalphotons’ arrival times :

blacksheet reflective

blacksheet reflectivity=0

10k muons generated over the detector’s surface with pz / p = -110k muons generated over the detector’s surface with pz / p = -1

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3939

MEMPHYNO MEMPHYNO further simulation workfurther simulation work

any detector layout parametrization and analysis any detector layout parametrization and analysis

ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools

One detector example One detector example

by E.Richard Stagiaire @APCby E.Richard Stagiaire @APC

NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 4040

MEMPHYNOMEMPHYNO detector analysis tools for MEMPHYS/MEMPHYNOdetector analysis tools for MEMPHYS/MEMPHYNO

Plots by E.RichardPlots by E.Richard

Stagiaire @APCStagiaire @APC

first steps towards event reconstruction & PID first steps towards event reconstruction & PID

V

VV

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MEMPHYS: MEMPHYNO analyses & toolsMEMPHYS: MEMPHYNO analyses & tools

Analyses:

vertex finding for electrons

light propagation effects for muons

Tools: ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools