Memory Disorders Masoura Final Compatibility Mode

7/26/2019 Memory Disorders Masoura Final Compatibility Mode

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Alzheimer. .

.

.

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. (2007). :

.

.

Parkin A. (2006). : .

.

4


5/158

:

Papanikolaou A. (2006). The Amnesias: A Clinical Textbook of Memory

Disorders. Oxford University Press.

Baddeley A., Kopelman, M. D., & Wilson, M. (1997). The Handbook of

Memory Disorders, (2nd Edition). John Wiley.

Campell R. & Conway, M. (1995.) Broken Memories: Case Studies in

Memory Impairment. Blackwell.

Schacter D. (2002). The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets

and Remembers. Houghton Mifflin

Alloway, T. & Gathercole S. (2006). Working Memory and

Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Psychology Press.

5


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. ;

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1

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7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4 5

4

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,

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.


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4

1

2


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William James (1890) primary ()

secondary ()

Galton (1883) presence-chamber ()

ante-chamber () .

Joseph Jacobs (1887)

.

(WISC, WAIS)


14/158

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15/158

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;

Arthur Melton (1963) .

:

() .

(Melton,1963).


16/158

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.

Brown-Peterson (Brown,1958;Peterson and Peterson, 1959).

(Badddely,1966).

.

(NA, HM, Alzheimersdisease, Korsakoffs syndrome).


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- , .

// -

.


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1. Brown-Peterson

(Peterson and Peterson, 1959).


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2.

.

.


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3.

.


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4. .

.

.


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4. .


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7

My problem is that I have been persecuted by an integer.For seven years this number has followed me around,has intruded in my most private data, and has assaultedme from the pages of our most public journals. Thisnumber assumes a variety of disguises, beingsometimes a little larger and sometimes a little smallerthan usual, but never changing so much as to beunrecognizable. The persistence with which this number

plagues me is far more than a random accident. Thereis, to quote a famous senator, a design behind it, some

pattern governing its appearances. Either there really issomething unusual about the number or else I am

suffering from delusions of persecution.George Miller' (1956)


24/158

24

5.

Milner (1966)- H.M.: ,

.Shallice & Warrington (1970)-

K.F.: 2-3,

.


25/158

25

Atkinson & Shiffrin


26/158

26

Atkinson & Shiffrin

Atkinson Shiffrin (1968) () .

. (Tulving, 1966).

(Nickerson & Adams, 1979).

.

.. K.F.


27/158

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Nickerson & Adams, 1979.


28/158

28

(Craik & Lockhart, 1972)

Craik and Lockhart (1972)- (..

) .

.

.


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,

? ? Baddeley Hitch, 1970.

? = (

,, )


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= .. .

...

.

: !

,

- . ??


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: 1-2 . 6 .>>

. >>


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?(Brooks, 1968)

.

.

:

"The bird in the hand is not in the bush."


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(Brooks, 1968)

.

1. () ().

2. () () .

3. .


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(Brooks, 1968)

"No, yes,

no, no, yes,no, no, no,no yes."

"The birdinthe handisnot in the

bush."


35/158

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(Brooks, 1968)

.


36/158

36

(Brooks, 1968)

F


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(Brooks, 1968)

" Yes, yes,

yes, no, no,no, no, no,yes.

F


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(Brooks, 1968)

,

.


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13.8 7.8 9.8

11.3 14.1 28.2


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(Brooks, 1968)

(. Atkinson & Shiffrin ) .

.


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(Baddeley & Hitch, 1974)

-


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/ .

() () .

, .

, .


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. ?

:

,

(Baddeley, Grant and Thomson, 1973).

.


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.

1. .37 3 - Gathercole, &Baddeley, 1990

2. / .41 Jurden, 1995;

3. .40-.45 6 - Service, 1992

4. .32-.62 3.5 - Gathercole, &Baddeley, 1990.

5. .52 5-14 Gathercole, &Pickering 2000.

6. .31-.66 5-17 Siegel & Ryan,1989.

7. .33 3 Adams &Gathercole, 1996.

8. .52 6-7 Yuill, Oakhill &Parkin, 1989


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P.V. (Baddeley, 1988)

.

.

.

.


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.

PV. Baddeley, A., Papagno, C. & Vallar, G. (1988).

1086420

0

2

4

6

8

PV

Controls

Trials

ItemsCorrect


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.. ( )


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.

(..

,

) .


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?

=.

= ( ? .

, ? ?).

= .


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=

/ (Tulving, 1972).

=

/ (, ) (Tulving, 1989).= ,

.

= , .

(Ebbinghaus, 1885).


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( #)

.. K.C. (Tulving, 1972).

.

.

( .. .


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PET

- )

( ).

Tulving, 1989


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#


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( )?

Tulving (1972)

/(

) ( ,

)


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0.5

0.1

0.3


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1279

1566


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?

(1433 ms)


63/158

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(Collins & Quillian, 1969).

0

(S0).

(P0).

1 (S1). (P1).

2 (S2). . (P2).


64/158

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900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

0 1 2

Superset relations Property verification


65/158

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? 1279 ms ? 1466 ms

75 ms 225 ms.

()


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?

?

?


67/158

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Quillian and Loftus (1975)

.


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.

.


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.


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Quillian and Loftus' (1975)

.

...


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Quillian and Loftus' (1975)

.


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(Quillian & Loftus, 1975)

.

() . .

,

(Meyer &Schvaneveldt, 1971), Quillian & Loftus, 1975.


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()

.

(.. /), .

? !


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:


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:

_ME_ __ __ _

__ __ _

_ __ __ __ __ _ __


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,

(Ebbinghaus).

(Bahrick, 1984).

?

.

(

?).

--.


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Herman Ebbinghaus


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.

1960: #


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1. :

( ).

(Milner,1966).

2. :

(Shallice &Warrington, 1970).


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(Baddeley & Hitch,

1974).

(Vallar & Papagno, 2002)

(Dealla Sala & Logie,) SAS


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Ebbinghaus (1885)

Galton (1883)

Bartlett (1932)

.

?


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= ( ). .

Rivermead Doors and People


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- -

.

.

1. () = .

2. () = .


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# = ( # ??)

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(#)

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(?) ..(=

)

=>

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=> => => .

(, , ).


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=>

=>

( ) #

( )


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#


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L.D. (McKenna &Warrington, 2000)

( )


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-

L.P. De Renzi (1987)

-

(.. , )


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/ :

1. ()

2. ()

3. (, Korsakoff)

=> :

(, ).

/


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/

1. (HSE = herpes simple encephalitis)

, , ,)


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1.

S.S. (Cermak, 1976) 30

/

(IQ 130)

( )


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2.

=>

( ).

.

- (Levine & Grek,1984).

.

.


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2.

R.B (Zola, 1986) (

).

( )

5 (Varga Khadem,1997) ( )

# .


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3. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS)

+ = WKS : , , ,

.

:

.


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.

,

.


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????

(

)

???

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3 Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS


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3. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS

WKS:

( )

???? ( ??

??)

3 Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS


103/158

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3. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS

P.Z.

Korsakoff (Butters & Cermak, 1986).

.


104/158

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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS)

? ?

-

, ,

.

-

.


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Korsakof.

, (

).


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20 20 (Oconnor & Verfaelle, 2000)

(

)

.

( ).

(

) .


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.

(

.. ,

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(Becheterew, 1900) :


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(

Korsakoff:

(

).


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( )

>>> ???


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.

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1.

2.

3.

1


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1.

()

2


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2.

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3.

( )

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# 1. :

,

(Parkin,1994)

2. : ,

.

()


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( )


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( > )

(Anggleton & Shaw,1996)

#

(Squre& Zola, 1998. Zola & Squire, 2000)


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:

1.

2.

3.

.


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( )

.

(= ) (.. ).

(/ )

CaliforniaVerbal Learning Test


120/158

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,

(= ,

, )

:

1. Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT)

2. Neuropsychology Unit Oxford

3. Westmead Test Assesment

/


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/

1. Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT),

2. Neuropsychology Unit Oxford 3

3. Westmead Test Assesment


122/158

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:

(, , )

..........

> >

(Stuss,

1999)

> GOAT >

:


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:

23%

1.000 (Ryssell, 1971).

, 50%.

53% 7 .

79% 7 .

. ..

-


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: (Levin1988)

.

).

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.

30 .


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??

I. California Verbal Learning Test

Auditory-Verbal Learning Teats

Selective Reminding Test

(=, , ,

).


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??

II.

( ).

#

(

)


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??

III. (=

)

(, , )


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IV. (, ) -

- (Wilson, 1997).

V. / -

()


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=

(/ / )

#

1.

2.

#

1.


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=,

i.

ii.

Iii.

i.


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23-47% .

31% .

:

33% 26%

41%

3 .

i.


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--

-

i.


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??? 78%

14%

8%

(Hopwood & Snell, 1993)

i.


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.

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. (, , )

.

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ii


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ii.

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ii.

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2.

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i. .

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2.

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iii.

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2.

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.

...> ..> ...>...> ( )

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Al h i


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Alzheimer

Alzheimer- .

.

, , ,

=>

.

Al h i


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Alzheimer

??

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(x)>...>(x)

( )

()


144/158

Alzheimer


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Alzheimer

Alzheimer


146/158

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Alzheimer

() ( ).

??

.

Alzheimer


147/158

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Alzheimer

( )

Alzheimer


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Alzheimer

,

.

=

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Alzheimer


149/158

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Alzheimer

.

.

?

Alzheimer


150/158

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(

)

.


151/158

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Alzheimer


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152

Alzheimer

.


153/158

153

(

)

1. 10 => #

=> (Gescwind, 1974).

2. 10 (, )=> (Ostergaard, 1987)

H


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3. 9 (Varga-Khadem, 1992) ( ) => H

4. 9 () (Wood, 1982).

(, )

#

?

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5. ( Vargha-Khadem, 1997) ( )

6. (Vargha-Khadem, 1997) ()

7. (Baddeley, 2001) ()

Tulving:

#

Squire:

(Wood 1982)


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(Wood, 1982).

.

.

.

Raven

, ,

Doors and people

Benton

#


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#

#


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Memory Disorders Masoura Final Compatibility Mode