Memorandum of Law for Bringing Charges Before a Court

8/6/2019 Memorandum of Law for Bringing Charges Before a Court

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F%F"_$MF "# A$&, c*rtdr eagrhchds gm/ s*++irts hs F"H"M #"_

A%$S% " \_%U%M U&"_M E"F\A$HMU ?%#"_% '% E"_ $AA%(HM(

E_HF%U $M "##%MU%U $M " ?% %5$FHM% M%_ "$' '%_%"

\_U$M " '% HAAHM"HU E_HFHM$A E"% "# 7:3, >4 HAEU 407<>-:

% U%8. $M $##H$SH HM U\\"_ '%_%"#.

WTDUZHIMU \_DUDMZDJ

7. Egm g +rh2gtd hm/h2h/*ga ;i gaadds egrds ic g

erhhmga iccdmsd +rdsdmt tisd egrds /hrdetay ti g

ei*rt ;hti*t td gh/ ir hmtdr2dmthim ic g +iahed

gdmey ir Utgtd1s $ttirmdy6

7



. &drd td ;ir/ =ghstrgtd9 ;gs cirdray *sd/ Ly

Ei*rts, gs mi; tdrd grd mi icchedrs gethm *m/dr tgt

thtad +ri+dr, ;gt gs Ldeid ic tgt icched gm/ td

/*thds cirdray dGdrehsd/ tdrdic6

O_HDC GMU^D_

!ds, g +rh2gtd hm/h2h/*ga gy Lrhm egrds gaadhm g

erhhmga iccdmsd /hrdetay ti g ei*rt ;hti*t td gh/ ir

hmtdr2dmthim ic g +iahed gdmey ir Utgtd1s $ttirmdy cir td

+*r+isd ic g2hm td gee*sd/ grrdstd/ ti gms;dr td egrds.

d icched ic ghstrgtd ;gs rdirgmhOd/ *m/dr td 7:><

Eimstht*thim ic td Utgtd ic Haahmihs ti Ld gm $ssiehgtd

*/d, gs g thtahm sedd, ;he /h/ mit /hs+dmsd ;ht td

icched, L*t drday rdmgd/ ht gm/ hm /ihm si, kdd+hm hm-

cired, gaa ic td +i;drs gm/ /*thds +rd2hi*say gsshmd/ ti

ghstrgtds, gim ;he hs hss*hm ;grrgmts ic grrdst.

UZGZDFDMZ IC CGEZU

"m #dLr*gry 7>, <<:, td \aghmthcc, Fgrk FeEiy, ;gs

/dtghmd/ gm/ Ldgtdm Ly +iahed icchedrs gethm cir td Ehty ic

#ghr2hd; 'dhts, Haahmihs, s*LsdJ*dmt ti g trgcche sti+. d

\aghmthcc ;gs grrdstd/, eimchmd/ cir g +drhi/ ic thd, gm/

rdadgsd/ gctdr rdedh2hm trgcche ehtgthims gm/ gm *m2drhchd/

ei+aghmt. *rhm tgt thd, Ldhmmhm ;ht td trgcche sti+ gm/

dm/hm ;ht hs rdadgsd, FeEiy ;gs 2heth ic gm/0ir ;htmdss ti

?



2hiagthims ic ag; ci*m/ hm Haahmihs stgt*tds, eihttd/ Ly td

grrdsthm icchedrs, is*g $adim/ gm/ $grim Mygm.

d \aghmthcc ;gs gccir/d/ g +riLgLad eg*sd dgrhm Ldcird

td 'imirgLad _gm/gaa Ddaay ic td ;dmty-#hrst */hehga Ehre*ht

ic Ut. Eaghr Ei*mty, Haahmihs, +dr \aghmthcc1s egaadmd ti td

icchedr1s gaadgthim ic gmy +riLgLad eg*sd ti dccdet g trgcche

sti+. U*LsdJ*dmtay, gaa egrds ;drd /hshssd/ Ly td 'imirgLad

_gm/gaa Ddaay, sg2d cir imd egrd Ldhm /hshssd/ im Utgtd1s

ithim.

\aghmthcc chad/ td +rdsdmt eh2ha ei+aghmt im #dLr*gry 7>,

<7<, mghm is*g $adim/ gm/ $grim Mygm gs /dcdm/gmts. #had/

;ht ths egsd im $**st 4, <7< hs \aghmthcc1s +rdsdmt Fithim

cir Adg2d ti \rdsdmt U;irm Erhhmga Ei+aghmts, ;he gs mit

Lddm dgr/ /*d ti g adg2d rgmtd/ Ly */d AdEdhm +*rs*gmt ti

td Udr2hed FdLdr1s Eh2ha _dahdc $et.

\aghmthcc gs +drshstd/ hm gttd+thm ti Lrhm egrds

gghmst td icchedrs, is*g $adim/ gm/ $grim Mygm, cir

2hiagthims ic ag; s*ccdrd/ Ly ir ;htmdssd/ ti Ly td \aghmthcc.

$ethm im hmcirgthim h+grtd/ ti td \aghmthcc Ly td 'imirgLad

_gm/gaa Ddaay, ;he \aghmthcc Ldahd2ds ;gs mit dmthrday

gee*rgtd, 2drhchd/ erhhmga ei+aghmts ;drd tdm/drd/ ti td

Eadrk ic td Ehre*ht Ei*rt ic Ut. Eaghr Ei*mty Ly /dah2drhm ti

td eadrks td irhhmga ei+aghmts ;ht mitgry sdgas gm/ ;dt-hmk

shmgt*rds, ;he grd ci*m/ hm td chad cir egsd 7<-F_-7. d

5



s*Lstgmed ic td ei+aghmts grd hm eimcirgmed ;ht td

rdJ*hrddmts sdt cirt hm Haahmihs Utgt*tds >4 HAEU 40777 - 3.

$t td thd ic ths ;rhthm, \aghmthcc gs gttd+td/ ti

+rdsdmt hs ei+aghmts, ir gs hmJ*hrd/ gs ti td +ried/*rd cir

+rdsdmtdmt, ;ht sid Ut. Eaghr Ei*mty $ssiehgtd */ds, tdm

Eadrk ic td Ehre*ht Ei*rt gm/ mi; Utgtd1s $ttirmdy ?rdm/gm

Ddaay, Ehdc */d im ?grhed2he, gm/ cirdr Ut. Eaghr Ei*mty

Utgtd1s $ttirmdy _iLdrt 'gh/g. dsd hm/h2h/*gas g2d dhtdr

hmird/ ir rdc*sd/ ti dgr td \aghmthcc1s eaghs. \aghmthcc

Ldahd2ds tgt d hs +drhttd/ ti Lrhm tdsd egrds Ldcird g

C*/d si tgt d gy s;dgr i*t hs ei+aghmt gghmst icchedrs

$adim/ gm/ Mygm.

$s g rds*at ic td cirdihm, dm Eadrk ic td Ehre*ht

Ei*rt, ?rdm/gm Ddaay, +drsimgaay rdedh2d/ \aghmthcc1s ei+aghmts

*m/dr td +rihsd tgt tdy ;i*a/ Ld +ri+dray chad/. $s g

rds*at, Fr. Ddaay chad/ td +rdsdmt Fhsedaagmdi*s _dd/y Egsd

7<-F_-7 im Ldgac ic td \aghmthcc, ;hthm ;he td irhhmga

ei+aghmts grd chad/. \aghmthcc gs g++dgrd/ t;hed Ldcird td

'imirgLad ?rhgm ?gLkg hm rds+imsd ti ths egsd. Hm td chrst

g++dgrgmed, \aghmthcc g/d hs egsd cir Lrhmhm erhhmga

ei+aghmts gghmst icchedrs $adim/ gm/ Mygm. 'd +rdsdmtd/

*/d ?gLkg ;ht g td egsd ic Ahm/J*hst 2. #rhd/gmNs, Hme. 3

Haa. 3, @ M.%./ 4 *+im ;he d rdahd/ cir Lrhmhm egrds

:



;hti*t td gsshstgmed ir hmtdr2dmthim ic g +iahed gdmey ir

stgtd1s gttirmdy. */d ?gLkg rd2hd;d/ td +ri2h/d/ egsd gm/ dt

gghm ;ht \aghmthcc hm g s*LsdJ*dmt stgt*s dgrhm. *rhm tgt

dgrhm, */d ?gLkg eimchrd/ td ia/hm hm Ahm/J*hst gs

g2hm mit Lddm i2drt*rmd/ hm gmy s*LsdJ*dmt Haahmihs $++daagtd

"+hmhims. gt egsd /h/ +ri2h/d cir g +rh2gtd hm/h2h/*ga

Lrhmhm g erhhmga ei+aghmt Ldcird g =ghstrgtd9. */d

?gLkg ;gs *meadgr im td g++ahegLhahty ic td ;ir/ =ghstrgtd9

rdgr/hm gmy C*/hehga icchedrs +rdsdmtay sdr2hm, stgthm tgt

td ;ir/ g++dgrs ti g++ay imay ti egsds ic gmthJ*hty ;drd s*e

icchedrs ;drd dgrhm ei+aghmts Lri*t Ldcird td cir td

+*r+isd ic hss*hm ;grrgmts ic grrdst. $ati* td ag; hs sthaa

=ii/ ag;9, ht g++dgrs td g2dm*d cir +rdsdmtdmt gs egmd/

i2dr thd ;ht td dahhmgthim ic td +ishthim ic ghstrgtds,

tdrdcird rdm/drhm ths +ried/*rd hmdccdeth2d. d Utgtd

g++dgrd/ ti, cir sid rdgsim, ti g2d /imd g;gy ;ht td

+ishthim ic ghstrgtd gm/ hmstdg/ hmstht*td/ +ried/*rds cir

hm/h2h/*gas ;rdstahm ;ht s*e hss*ds ti Lrhm tdhr ei+aghmts

Ldcird +iahed gdmehds ir Utgtd1s $ttirmdys. d imay rdghmhm

hss*d gt ths thd ;gs ;dtdr tdrd grd gmy =ghstrgtds9, ir

+drsims d+i;drd/ ti dgr td \aghmthcc1s ei+aghmts gm/ hss*d

grrdst ;grrgmts cir td +*r+isd ic Lrhmhm td gee*sd/ Ldcird g

Ei*rt ti gms;dr egrds.

4



*/d ?gLkg /h/ gkd eadgr tgt td Utgtd1s $ttirmdy gs

*athgtd /hserdthim ti +riedd/ ;ht td +risde*thim ic erhhmga

iccdmsds, ydt td \aghmthcc ghmtghmd/ tgt Ldcird tgt

/hserdthim gy Ld dGdrehsd/, d sthaa gs g rht ti g2d

egrds +rdsdmtd/, Ldcird td Utgtd1s $ttirmdy egm /deahmd gmy

+risde*thim. d \aghmthcc drday ;hsds ti +rdsdmt hs

ei+aghmts Ldcird g +drsim g*tirhOd/ Ly ag; ti dgr sgh/

ei+aghmts gm/ get *+im s*e hmcirgthim *+im g chm/hm ic

+riLgLad eg*sd, gm/ hss*d ;grrgmts cir td grrdst ic sgh/

+drsims si gee*sd/. $t tgt +ihmt, td hmhstdrhga /*ty ic td

C*/hehga icchehga hs sgthschd/ gm/ td +ried/*rga /*thds tdrdLy

shct ti td Utgtd1s $ttirmdy.

JHUETUUHIM

Wudsthi !. d hss*d Ldcird td ei*rt, gs d2h/dmed/ Ly td

eimtdmts ic ths egsd chad, hs i; ti /hs+dmsd ;ht s;irm

erhhmga ei+aghmts egrhm 2hiagthims ic erhhmga ag; gghmst

t;i hm/h2h/*gas. d ei+aghmts grd s;irm, ir 2drhchd/, Ly td

ei+aghmgmt *m/dr igt gm/ /hs+agyhm g mitgrhga sdga.

\aghmthcc1s ei+aghmts eimcir ti td stgt*tiry

rdJ*hrddmts cir td +ri+dr cir gm/ eimtdmts ic g ei+aghmt.

>4 HAEU 407<> - :, gm/ eimstht*td g egrd ;he hs hm ;rhthm gm/

gee*sds +drsims ;ht td eihsshim ic gm iccdmsd. >4 HAEU

407< @ drd hs ahttad /i*Lt tgt ;gt ths Ei*rt gs Ldcird

3



ht hs ;rhttdm stgtddmts +rdsdmtd/ ti g ei*rt gee*shm +drsims

ic g2hm eihttd/ iccdmsds, ;he gi*mt ti g ei+aghmt ;he

hs 2drhchd/, ir s;irm ti *m/dr +dmgaty ic +drC*ry, Ldcird

+drsims g*tirhOd/ ti g/hmhstdr igts, gs rdJ*hrd/. Shaagd ic

&haai;Lriik 2. Fhaadr, $++.7:, > Haa.$++./ 3<, 7> M.%./

@<:, \di+ad 2. UhdG, $++.7:, 3: M.%./ @, 37 Haa.$++. 4>. $

ei+aghmt, hm ;rhthm gm/ s;irm ti, hs s*cchehdmt cir td

hss*gmed ic gm grrdst ;grrgmt. \di+ad 2. mhtd/ Utgtds #h/dahty

B (*grgmty Ei.,7:4, 3@ Haa.$++. 77.

?dcird ihm c*rtdr, ;d *st gsk ths J*dsthim. Hc td ag;

+ri2h/ds cir grrdsts, grd tdrd gmy ;i grd dGd+t cri grrdsts6

\aghmthcc gssdrts tgt gmy Ldahd2d +iahed grd dGd+t cri

grrdsts. d stgt*tds +ri2h/d sid *h/gmed hm ths rds+det.

>4 HAEU 407<>-> \drsims dGd+t cri grrdst. Kg) %adetirs

sgaa, hm gaa egsds dGed+t trdgsim, cdaimy ir Lrdge ic td

+dged, Ld +rh2hadd/ cri grrdst /*rhm tdhr gttdm/gmed gt

dadethim, gm/ hm ihm ti gm/ rdt*rmhm cri td sgd. KL)

Udmgtirs gm/ rd+rdsdmtgth2ds sgaa, hm gaa egsds, dGed+t

trdgsim, cdaimy ir Lrdge ic td +dged, Ld +rh2hadd/ cri

grrdst /*rhm td sdsshim ic td (dmdrga $ssdLay, gm/ hm ihm

ti gm/ rdt*rmhm cri td sgd. Ke) d hahthg sgaa hm gaa

egsds, dGed+t trdgsim, cdaimy, ir Lrdge ic td +dged, Ld

+rh2hadd/ cri grrdst /*rhm tdhr gttdm/gmed gt *stdrs gm/

dadethims, gm/ hm ihm ti gm/ rdt*rmhm cri td sgd. K/)

>



*/ds, gttirmdys, eadrks, sdrhccs, gm/ itdr ei*rt icchedrs

sgaa Ld +rh2hadd/ cri grrdst ;had gttdm/hm ei*rt gm/ ;had

ihm ti gm/ rdt*rmhm cri ei*rt.

\aghmthcc cghas ti chm/ gmy;drd hm tgt sdethim gm

dGd+thim cir +iahed icchedrs. Ht /ids s+dehchegaay dmthim

sdrhccs, L*t +iahed icchedrs grd *mheh+ga ir stgtd d+aiydds

gm/ mit icchedrs ic td ei*rt. d stgt*td d2dm gaa*/ds ti

sdrhccs Ldhm mit dGd+t hc tdy grd mit gttdm/hm ei*rt ir

ihm ti gm/ cri ei*rt. hs dgms tgt hc g +iahed icchedr

eihts g erhd tdrd hs mi g++grdmt stgt*tiry ir eiim ag;

dGed+thim cir tdhr mit Ldhm s*LCdet ti grrdst, ir L*r/dmhm

td ei+aghmgmt ;ht chrst g++rigehm gm g/hmhstrgth2d gdmey

cir rd/rdss.

hs hs mit ti sgy tgt \aghmthcc gs mit si*t rd/rdss

tri* td Utgtd1s $ttirmdy, C*/ds, ir +iahed gdmehds.

?rdm/gm Ddaay, ;had sdr2hm gs Ehre*ht Eadrk, gs chrst-gm/

kmi;ad/d ic \aghmthcc1s ei+aghmts. _iLdrt 'gh/g, sdr2hm gs

Utgtd1s $ttirmdy, gm/ im ?grhed2he, Ehdc */d, Lit rdedh2d/

mithed ic \aghmthcc1s hmtdmt ti chad sgh/ egrds. \aghmthcc

gasi g++riged/ */d Shmedmt Ai+hmit hm i+dm ei*rt, imay ti Ld

tia/ Ly Ai+hmit tgt d ;i*a/ mit dgr td ei+aghmts. +im

eimtgethm td Haahmihs Utgtd \iahed, \aghmthcc ;gs tia/ tgt d

*st eimtget td #?H cir 2hiagthims ic hs Eh2ha _hts. &dm

eimtgethm td Ut. Eaghr Ei*mty Udrhcc1s icched, \aghmthcc ;gs

0



tia/ tgt d *st eimtget td Utgtd \iahed. &dm g++rigehm td

Utgtd1s $ttirmdy1s icched /hrdetay, \aghmthcc ;gs /dmhd/ gm

i++irt*mhty ti s+dgk ;ht tdm Utgtd1s $ttirmdy _iLdrt 'gh/g,

Ldhm tia/ Ly td +drsim rddthm h gt tgt icched tgt, =d

Utgtd1s $ttirmdy ;irks cir td +iahed.9 */d _gm/gaa Ddaay /h/

stgtd tgt g +rh2gtd hm/h2h/*ga gy Lrhm egrds gghmst gmyimd

tri* g ei+aghmt, L*t hs /hrdethim hstgkdmay +aged/ td

im*s im td Ehre*ht Eadrk cir rdedh2hm gm/ chahm tgt

ei+aghmt. Hm C*rhs/hethims ;drdhm td g++ahegLad stgt*tds ir

r*ads +drht g +rh2gtd ehthOdm ti hmstht*td erhhmga +riedd/hms

Ly ei+aghmhm /hrdetay ti g C*/hehga icchedr ir ti td rgm/

C*ry, td rht ic g +rh2gtd ehthOdm ti hmstht*td s*e

+riedd/hms hm/d+dm/dmtay ic td +risde*thm gttirmdy hs eadgr.

$.A._.3/ >3. Haahmihs Utgt*tds /i mit /hsthm*hs ;i gy

+rdsdmt g ei+aghmt Ldcird g ei*rt, L*t tdy ahkd;hsd /i mit

+rdea*/d +rh2gtd hm/h2h/*gas cri gkhm g ei+aghmt.

Hm sddkhm td grrdst ic gm hm/h2h/*ga cir td eihsshim

ic gm iccdmsd, ;he +rded/ds gmy cirga +risde*thim Ly td

Utgtd, Haahmihs Utgt*tds +ri2h/d cir td hss*gmed ic gm grrdst

;grrgmt *+im ei+ahgmt ;dm s*e ei+aghmt hs +rdsdmtd/ ti g

ei*rt egrhm tgt gm iccdmsd gs Lddm eihttd/. >4 HAEU

407<>-: Kg) &dm ths rdJ*hrddmt gs Lddm sgthschd/, td ei*rt

=sgaa9 dGghmd *+im igt ir gcchrgthim td ei+aghmgmt ir gmy

;htmdssds. H/. %+gshs $//d/ $ ;grrgmt hs *s*gaay hss*d/ Ly g

8



C*/hehga icchedr, C*sthed ic td +dged, ir ghstrgtd *+im g

ei+aghmt g/d *m/dr igt. Dhm/rd/ 2. Uthtt 47 Haa. <7, 7@: &A

434 KHaa.) Haahmihs gs ahkd;hsd h/dmthchd/ g /*ty i;d/ Ly

ehthOdms ti g++dgr Ldcird g ghstrgtd ;ht kmi;ad/d ic g erhd

si tdy gy gkd g ei+aghmt cir td +*r+isds ic g2hm td

gee*sd/ grrdstd/ gm/ da/ ti gms;dr. %mrht 2. (hLsim 7: Haa.

44<, > M.%. @:. */hehga icchedrs +issdss td *athgtd

g*tirhty hm /dtdrhmhm ;dtdr +riLgLad eg*sd dGhsts cir td

+*r+isd ic hss*hm ;grrgmts ic grrdst, d2dm hc tdy grd mit

eims*atd/ gt td i*tsdt. U+dgkhm ti ths hss*d, gs ti ;gt

ei*rsd ic gethim ti ciaai; ;dm cged/ ;ht g cgha*rd ic g

+risde*thm gttirmdy ti get, s*e ei+aghmts gy Ld +rdsdmtd/ ti

g ghstrgtd cir c*rtdr hm2dsthgthim ;drdhm td gee*sd/ ;haa

Ld da/ +dm/hm rd2hd; ic g rgm/ C*ry. \di+ad 2. \grkdr, 3>

Haa. 4, M.%./ 77. Ht hs mit imay tgt td \aghmthcc gs

tdm/drd/ s;irm ei+aghmts, L*t gs ahkd;hsd g2ghad/ hsdac cir

dGghmgthim gs ti tdhr eimtdmts, ;he hs rdJ*hrd/ Ldcird g

ei*rt gy hss*d g ;grrgmt ic grrdst. \di+ad 2. 'ii+dr, 7:@:, 7

Haa.de. :3, 733 Haa./ :, 44 M.%./ @, edrthirgrh /dmhd/

777 U.Et. @, :@ .U. :77, 77 A.%/./ 3:. Udd gasi Shaagd

ic &haai;Lriik 2. Fhaadr, s*+rg. #gha*rd ic td +drsim hss*hm g

;grrgmt ic grrdst ti dGghmd td ei+aghmhm +grty, gethm

siaday *+im td hmcirgthim eimtghmd/ hm td ;rhttdm ei+aghmt

htsdac, ;haa rdm/dr td ;grrgmt /dcdeth2d cir ;gmt ic eimcirhty

7<



;ht rdJ*hrddmts tgt td ei+aghmgmt Ld dGghmd/ *m/dr igt.

\di+ad 2. Dr*dry, $++.7:, > Haa.$++./ :@, < M.%./ 7.

Hm gaa egsds ;gtsid2dr, tdrd *st Ld g s;irm ei+aghmt chad/

+rhir ti trhga Ldcird td ag; ;haa s*++irt gm grrdst. @< Haa.

gt 7, 77> M.%. gt 3.

#ri tdsd cgets, ht hs eadgr tgt td \aghmthcc gs

sgthschd/ gaa ic td rdJ*hrddmts mdedssgry cir Lrhm egrds

gghmst tisd ;i d, im hmcirgthim gm/ Ldahdc, eihttd/ gm

iccdmsd gghmst td ag;s ic Haahmihs, tgt Ldhm ei+aghmts grd

hm ;rhthm, grd s;irm ti, g2d Lddm +rdsdmtd/ ti g ei*rt ;ht

\aghmthcc g2ghahm hsdac ti Ld dGghmd/ *m/dr igt. drdcird,

tdrd hs mi /i*Lt tgt td rht ic gm hm/h2h/*ga ti Lrhm

egrds gs drdti /dserhLd/, /hrdetay Ldcird g ei*rt hs ;hti*t

J*dsthim.

Wudsthi ". Hm aht ic td cirdihm s*++irt ic g +rh2gtd

hm/h2h/*ga Lrhm egrds Ldcird g ei*rt ht gs Lddm Lri*t ti

td \aghmthcc1s gttdmthim tgt td ag; rd2hd;d/ Ly ths Ei*rt hm

td egsd ic Ahm/J*hst 2. #rhd/gmNs, Hme., s*+rg., ;he gs

Lddm /dtdrhmd/ ti Ld ii/ ag;, gaLdht gmthJ*gtd/, Ly td *sd ic

td ;ir/ =ghstrgtd9 ;dm h/dmthcyhm Ldcird ;i ei+aghmts

gy Ld g/d, hs hm J*dsthim gs ht g++ahds ti td \aghmthcc1s

hmtdmthims. Haahmihs Utgt*tds /i mit gkd rdcdrdmed ti td ;ir/

ghstrgtd, L*t drday *sds td ;ir/, =ei*rt9 hm h/dmthcyhm td

si*red ic ;drd g ei+aghmt gy Ld g/d. >4 HAEU 407< : s*+rg.

77



Haahmihs Utgt*tds /dchmd g ei*rt gs g +aged ;drd C*sthed hs

g/hmhstdrd/, ;he gasi hmea*/ds g C*/d. >4 HAEU 407< - 7<. $s

ti td /dchmhthim ic g C*/d, td Utgt*tds h/dmthcy g +drsim

+drcirhm C*/hehga c*methims Ly ag;. >4 HAEU 407< - 73 .

drdcird, ht hs eadgr tgt ;dm *sd/ hm td Utgt*tds, td ;ir/s

C*/d gm/ ei*rt grd dssdmthgaay hmtdregmdgLad. &drd gm

hm/h2h/*ga gy +rdsdmt g ei+aghmt ti g ei*rt, d gy +rdsdmt

s*e egrd ti g C*/d. Ht hs mit *mdgr/ ic cir gssiehgtd

C*/ds ti dGghmd ei+aghmgmts cir td +*r+isd ic hss*hm

;grrgmts ic grrdst. Udd \di+ad 2. Dr*dry, U*+rg, gm/ td

Haahmihs Eimstht*thim gs Lddm hmtdr+rdtd/ ti sgy tgt mi +drsim

gy Ld grrdstd/ *madss tdrd Ld g s;irm ei+aghmt +rdsdmtd/

Ldcird g C*/d, mit;htstgm/hm egrds chad/ Ly hmcirgthim ir

hm/hetdmt. \di+ad dG rda. 2. Adhmdekd, :< Haa. 4<, 74 M.%.

473 \di+ad 2. Eagrk, @< Haa. 7<, 77> M.%. 3 'i*s 2.

\di+ad, >4 Haa. @>.

d J*dsthim gs ti ;gt Ldegd ic ghstrgtds, gs

rdcdrdmed/ hm Ahm/J*hst, hs gms;drd/ Ly td Haahmihs

Eimstht*thim htsdac. drd, ht s*eehmetay gm/ *mdJ*h2iegaay

stgtds tgt tdhr md; icched thtad sgaa Ld tgt ic $ssiehgtd

*/d, =tdhr9 h+ayhm g +ri+drty i;mdrsh+ hm tgt thtad Ly

+drsims sdr2hm hm tgt eg+gehty gt td thd ic td rgthchegthim

ic td 7:>< Haahmihs Eimstht*thim, gm/ gaa ic td ag;s gm/ r*ads

7?



tdrdticird g++ahegLad ti ghstrgtds grd ti rdghm hm cired gm/

g++ay ti $ssiehgtd */ds gs /dchmd/ Ly tgt Eimstht*thim.

Eimstht*thim ic td Utgtd ic Haahmihs, 7:><, rgmshthim

Ued/*ad, Udethim . */hehga "ccheds.

#ri ths +ihmt, tdrd hs ahttad rdcdrdmed ir /hse*sshim

rdgr/hm td rdad2gmed ic td ;ir/ ghstrgtd hm eimtd+irgry

Haahmihs C*rhs+r*/dmed. 'i;d2dr, ;dm eims*athm td s*+rdd ag;

ic td Utgtd ic Haahmihs, tgt Ldhm td Eimstht*thim cir td

Utgtd ic Haahmihs, ;d chm/ sid *h/gmed. \rhir ti td g/i+thim

ic tgt Eimstht*thim, td crgdrs ic tgt /ie*dmt eim2dmd/

*m/dr td g*s+heds ic g eimstht*thimga eim2dmthim. ?dcird

J*ithm cri td tdGt ic td irgmhe ag; cir td Utgtd,

\aghmthcc cdat ht +r*/dmt, cir eimtdGt*ga +*r+isds, ti gasi

hm2dsthgtd gm/ J*itd cri td icchehga rdeir/ ic tgt

Eim2dmthim1s +riedd/hms, ;he grd +rhmtd/ *m/dr td thtad

=_deirj ic \rieddjhmns, Uhxt` Haahmihs Eimsthtuthimga

Eimvdmthim, Jghay Biurmgas ― Jdedfodr 0, !"! ― Ud#tdfodr $,

!%&.9 $ati* s*e /ie*dmts gy Ld 2hd;d/ gt Ldst gs

+drs*gsh2d g*tirhty, ;drdgs g eimstht*thim hs td +rhgry

g*tirhty cir gaa ag; cir td Utgtd, td rdeir/ ic gmy

eim2dmthim ;drdhm td hmtdmt ic td crgdrs egm Ld st*/hd/

si*a/ Ld hm2ga*gLad hm hmtdr+rdthm td g++ahegthim ic td

Eimstht*thim. $s ti td /hse*sshim ic ghstrgtds, rdagthm ti

tgt Eim2dmthim, \aghmthcc gkds rdcdrdmed ti td ciaai;hm

75



dGedr+ts cri tgt Eim2dmthim1s \riedd/hms, hmea*/hm g

/hse*sshim im td rdmghm sedd ci*m/ hm \aghmthcc1s %GhLht $

\ri+isga Mi. <3. Hmtri/*ed/ Ly Frs. Dhmmdy gm/ Fr. \deegrdaah.

\ri+isds tgt td thtad ic ghstrgtd Ld egmd/ ti s ird

s*htgLad thtad. _dcdrrd/ ti td Eihttdd im td */hehgry.

_deir/ ic \riedd/hms, UhGt Haahmihs Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim,

ghay i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd 733,

i*rmga ic Fgre 3, 7:><.

\rdsh/dmt &ht;dr */hehgry.

Eadrk Mi. <3dadgtds '. Dhmmdy gm/ \deegrdaah.

\ri+isds tgt td thtad ic ghstrgtd Ld egmd/ ti g ird

s*htgLad thtad. _deir/ ic \riedd/hms, UhGt Haahmihs

Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim, ghay i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I

Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd <3, SdrLgth rgmserh+t ic Fgre 3,

7:><.

Fr. #gy i yi* ;gmt d ti chmhs td dmdrga stgtddmt6 #hmd.

H ht sgy drd, yi* gaa kmi; tgt td s*+rdd ei*rt gt td

+rdsdmt thd gs dGdrehsd/ sid 2drthega gsshmdmt. &d /i ;gmt

ti;gmt mit ti +ri2h/d gmy 2drthega gsshmdmt cir g

ghstrgtd, i;d2dr, si tgt ;d ;im1t g2d;d ;im1t eimtd+agtd

gmy ghstrgtd Ldhm im td g++daagtd ei*rt ir im td s*+rdd

ei*rt. &d /igm/ ;d grd mit Ldcird yi* mi; ti h2d

yi* i*r h/dg ic ;gt ;d grd ihm ti /i ;ht rds+det ti

ghstrgtds, L*t H ;haa C*st adt yi* kmi; tgt td eihttdd hs

h2hm sdrhi*s eimsh/drgthim, gt adgst, ti e`gmnhmn t`d 'irj( egaahmn g fgnhstrgtd sifdt`hmn it`dr t`gm )fgnhstrgtd*+ d fhn`t

vdry 'daa egaa `hf gssiehgtd -ujnd, +grthe*agray hc tgt agLda

Ldeids g2ghagLad Ly 2hrt*d ic i*r /ihm g;gy ;ht td

/hsthmethim Ldt;ddm gssiehgtd ehre*ht gm/ ehre*ht C*/d. gt hs

g +isshLhahty L*t cir td +rdsdmttd +rdahhmgry rd+irt;d grd

eimthm*hm ti *sd td ;ir/ =ghstrgtd.9 %+gshs $//d/ _deir/

ic \riedd/hms, UhGt Haahmihs Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim, ghay

i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd @,

SdrLgth rgmserh+t ic $+rha 74, 7:><.

Fr. M*/dagm hs ;im1t tgkd aim. Fr. Eghrgm, ag/hds gm/dmtaddm, ths sdethim tr*ay hs mimeimtri2drshga. $s g gttdr

ic cget, ht1s si mimeimtri2drshga H g2dm1t d2dm +rd+grd/

gmythm cir yi*. Ht1s im +gd 7< ht rdagtds ti td tdr ic

icched cir C*/hehga icchedrs, gm/ td get*ga egmdtd imay

get*ga egmdgs yi* ;haa mitd, hs td hmea*shim ic td ia/

icched ic fgnhstrgtd, '`he`, cir t`d #ur#isd ic t`hs sdethim, 'd

7:



`gvd rdmgfdj )gssiehgtd -ujnd,+ gm/ ;d hmea*/d g tdr ic icched

cir td md; =gssiehgtd C*/d9 ic ci*r ydgrs.

d tdr ic icched cir td s*+rdd ei*rt, td tdr ic icched cir

td g++daagtd ei*rt, gm/ td tdr ic icched cir td ehre*ht

ei*rt rdghms gs ht ;gs. &d sg; mi rdgsim ti egmd, mir ;drd

gmy egmds s*dstd/ ti *s.

_dagth2d ti fgnhstrgtds ir t`d md' )gssiehgtd -ujnds,9 hc yi*

;haa, sd2drga s*dsthims ;drd g/dimd, tgt tdy eimthm*d ti

sdr2d gt td +adgs*rd ic td ehre*ht C*/ds, gs hs td egsd mi;.

$mitdr s*dsthim ;gs g/d tgt tdy Ld h2dm aimdr tdm*rd

tgm ;d /deh/d/ ti h2d td cir dGg+ad, td s*dsthim ;gs

g/d tgt tdy Ld h2dm tdm*rd ic shG ydgrs, itdr s*dsthims

;drd g/d tgt tdy r*m im g rdtdmthim Lgaait cri thd ti thd,

gm/ itdrs tgt tdy Ld h2dm ahcd-thd tdm*rd gm/ Ld rdi2d/

imay cir eg*sd.

H egm1t tdaa yi* tgt ;ht gmy imdsty tgt ;d rdCdetd/ gmy

s*dsthim strimay hm cg2ir ic gmy itdr s*dsthim, L*t td

eimsdms*s ;gs tgt tdy si*a/ g2d sid tdm*rd gm/, Lygeeii/gthim, td eihttdd grrh2d/ gt ci*r ydgrs. &d thmk

ht1s sidthm adss tgm td tdr ic ehre*ht C*/ds Ldeg*sd tdy

grd, hm cget, sidthm adss tgm ehre*ht C*/ds. gt gy g2d

Lddm td Lgshe rgthimgad, C*st gs td ehre*ht C*/ds grd

sidthm adss tgm g++daagtd gm/ s*+rdd C*/ds, gm/, dri,

tdhr tdrs grd sidthm adss tgm g++daagtd gm/ s*+rdd C*/ds.

Ui t`d imay rdga dccdet ic t`d e`gmnd hm t`hs sdethim 'gs t`d

gjjhthim ic t`d fgnhstrgtd, mi' egaadj )gssiehgtd -ujnd,+ hc yi*

;haa, gm/ h2hm h tdm*rd ic ci*r ydgrs, gm/ tdm, ic ei*rsd,

s*LCdet ti rdg++irthimdmt, Ly td ehre*ht C*/ds. $m/ hc tdrd

grd gmy J*dsthims, H ;i*a/ Ld g++y ti /hse*ss td ;ht yi*.%+gshs $//d/ _deir/ ic \riedd/hms, UhGt Haahmihs

Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim, ghay i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I

Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd 73 - 7, SdrLgth rgmserh+t ic *ay

7, 7:><.

Fr. M*/dagm Fghstrgtds grd mithc yi* L*y i*r +ri+isga ti

e`gmnd t`d mgfd ic fgnhstrgtd ti gssiehgtd -ujnds gssiehgtd

C*/d, rgtdr jim.t od eimedrmdj 'ht` t`d 'irj )fgnhstrgtd+ gmy

fird, odegusd 'd `gvd jimd g'gy 'ht` ht* %+gshs $//d/ _deir/

ic \riedd/hms, UhGt Haahmihs Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim, ghay

i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd 7:,SdrLgth rgmserh+t ic *ay 7, 7:><.

Fr. #gy Fr. \rdsh/dmt gm/ cdaai; /dadgtds, ;d grd mi; gt

sdethim 7 ;he g++dgrs im +gd 73 ic yi*r Liik gm/ rdagtds

imay ti tdrs ic icched. Ht /ids mit egmd td tdrs ic td

C*/ds ic td s*+rdd gm/ g++daagtd ei*rts, ;he rdghms gt tdm

ydgrs ht /ids mit egmd td tdrs ic td ehre*ht C*/ds ;he

74



rdghms gt shG ydgrs gm/, gs yi* kmi;, ;d eimtd+agtd tgt td

+rdsdmtay dGhsthm gssiehgtd ehre*ht C*/ds ;haa Ldeid ehre*ht

C*/ds, si tdhr tdr ;haa rdghm gt shG ydgrs L*t ht /ids

+ri2h/d, cir td chrst thd, cir g tdr cir t`d fgnhstrgtds,

'`he` 'd mi' egaa gssiehgtd -ujnds ht h2ds td g tdr ic ci*r

ydgrs. $s cgr gs H kmi;, tdrd grd mi +dm/hm gdm/dmts ti ths

sdethim gm/ H ;i*a/ i2d hts g/i+thim im chrst rdg/hm gm/

s*Lhsshim ti Utyad gm/ rgcthm. %+gshs $//d/ _deir/ ic

\riedd/hms, UhGt Haahmihs Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim, ghay

i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd <,

SdrLgth rgmserh+t ic *ay , 7:><.

Fr. #gy W Mi;, ;d i im gm/ +ri2h/d tgt tdrd sgaa Ld imd

ehre*ht ei*rt cir dge C*/hehga ehre*ht ;he sgaa g2d s*e

m*Ldr ic ehre*ht gm/ gssiehgtd C*/ds t`gt #`rgsd rhn`t t`drd

hs hmtdmjdj ti fdgm fgnhstrgtds('d.vd mgfdj t`df mi' gssiehgtd

-ujnds gs gy Ld +rdserhLd/ Ly ag;. Hm itdr ;ir/s, tdrd hs mi

egmd hm tgt +grt. Ht adg2ds ht ti td adhsagt*rd ti /deh/di; gmy C*/ds tdrd ;haa Ld.W %+gshs $//d/ _deir/ ic


i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd >>,


Fr. #gy W dm td agstgm/ ths hs sid;gt eimtri2drshga

Ldeg*sd td hmirhty tgkds g /hccdrdmt +ishthim;d +ri2h/dgm/

ths hs g egmd cri td dGhsthm sdt*+;d rdeidm/ tgt td

s*+rdd ei*rt Ld h2dm td +i;dr ti +ri2h/d Ly r*ad cir td

gttdrs ti Ld gsshmd/ ti td gssiehgtd -ujnds* /`dsd grd t`diaj fgnhstrgtds. hs hs hm ahmd ;ht td thmkhm ic td

eihttdd tgt ;d *st aiik ti td s*+rdd ei*rt ti rdgaay *h/d

gm/ g/hmhstdr td i+drgthim ic td C*/hehga systd.

Mi; ;d g2d sid sed/*ad +ri2hshims hm tdrd. d chrst imd hs

tgt im td dccdeth2d /gtd ic ths grthead, gssiehgtd -ujnds gmj

fgnhstrgtds s`gaa odeifd ehreuht -ujnds gmj gssiehgtd -ujnds

rds+deth2day ic tdhr ehre*ht ei*rts, gm/ gaa ag's gmj ruads ic

eiurt t`drdticird g##ahegoad ti gssiehgtd -ujnds gmj fgnhstrgtds

s`gaa rdfghm hm cired gmj od g##ahegoad ti t`d #drsims hm t`dhr

md' iccheds *mtha egmd/ Ly td (dmdrga $ssdLay ir td s*+rdd

ei*rt gs td egsd gy Ld. %+gshs $//d/ _deir/ ic\riedd/hms, UhGt Haahmihs Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim, ghay

i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd >> -

>@, SdrLgth rgmserh+t ic *ay , 7:><.

Fr. #gy W Mi; i2dr im +gd yi* ;haa sdd sdt cirt hm i*r

eihttdd rd+irt td rgthimgad cir td dahhmgthim ic td

+rdsdmt gssiehgtd ehre*ht C*/d /hsthmethim, gm/ ths hs g +ihmt

73



tgt ;d g/ rdgt *mgmhhty ic i+hmhim cri tisd ;i tdsthchd/

Ldcird *s. &d cdda tgt ths hs /dshrgLad/dshrgLad cadGhLhahty

ti adg2d ths si*a/ dahhmgtd td /hsthmethim Ldt;ddm td

+rdsdmtay gssiehgtd ehre*ht C*/ds gm/ td ehre*ht C*/ds. drd

;haa sthaa Ld t;i eagssds ti* t`drd 'haa od t'i eagssds ic

-ujnds, odegusd 'd grd dadvgthmn t`d fgnhstrgtds gmj 'd grd

nihmn ti egaa t`df gssiehgtd -ujnds, gmj t`dy 'haa mit od im t`d

sgfd rgm< 'ht` t`d ehreuht -ujnds. %+gshs $//d/ _deir/ ic


i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd >@,


Fr. #gy W /`drd hs mi rdgsim mi' '`y, '`dm 'd dadvgtd t`d

fgnhstrgtds, t`gt t`d fgnhstrgtds egm.t ji t`d sgfd gmj #rivhjd

eiurts( ìaj eiurts hm t`d sfgaadr eiffumhthds. H kmi; ths gs

Lddm g +riLad. dadgtd h \grkdr tgakd/ ti *s gLi*t ths.

drd grd sid ic tdsd sgaa ti;ms ;i12d aist tdhr C*stheds

ic td +dged, gm/ tdy /im1t g2d gmy C*/d ti t*rm ti d2dm imsgaa thms ahkd trgcche thekdts, tdy g2d ti i ti td ei*mty

sdgt. ?*t H /im1t thmk crddOhm hmti td eimstht*thim td

rdJ*hrddmt ic imd ehre*ht C*/d +dr ei*mty hs td gms;dr ti

tgt.

Mi;, im +gd 4 yi* ;haa sdd td rgthimgad cir td dahfhmgthim

ic t`d fgnhstrgtd eagsshchegthim gmj e`gmnhmn t`d fgnhstrgtd

thtad ti gssiehgtd -ujnd. hs hs gmitdr gttdr tgt i*r

eihttdd hs hm *mgmhi*s grdddmthim she. &d g2d trhd/

eimshstdmtay ti dad2gtd td ghstrgtds. &d, gs yi* kmi;, g2d

rdJ*hrd/ td mi; ti Ld ag;ydrs, gm/ ;d grd h2hm td ;gt ;d

thmk hs g Ldttdr thtad gm/ ;d i+d tgt ;d ;i*a/ h2d tdLdttdr C*rhs/hethim Ly +drhtthm td s*+rdd ei*rt ti +ri2h/d

tdhr C*rhs/hethim tri* r*ad. %+gshs $//d/ _deir/ ic


i*rmgas I dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, \gd >@ -

>:, SdrLgth rgmserh+t ic *ay , 7:><.

$ /dtghad/ gmgayshs im td trdgtdmt ic ghstrgtds hs

ci*m/ hm td Eihttdd \ri+isgas. _deir/ ic \riedd/hms, UhGt

Haahmihs Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim, ghay i*rmgas I dedLdr @,

7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, Eihttdd \ri+isgas. \gd :: - ::>.

%ahhmgthim ic Fghstrgtd Eagsshchegthim gm/ Egmhm Fghstrgtdhtad ti $ssiehgtd */d. \grthe*agray haa*hmgthm hs g /hssdmt

ci*m/ gt \gd ::>, /dmitd/ ;ht sdethim 4g, ;he hs g /hssdmt

im itdr s+dehches ic td rdirgmhOgthim ic td C*/hehgry, L*t

mimdtdadss s+dehcy td +i;drs ic td cirdr thtad ic

=ghstrgtd9, mi; gssiehgtd C*/d, ;ht hss*hm grrdst ;grrgmts.

7>



hssdmt dadgtds _ge*mgs gm/ Dhmmdy rds+detc*aay /hssdmt

cri tisd +ri2hshims ;he ;i*a/ +drht K7) adhsagth2d

rd/*ethim ir dahhmgthim ic td hmh* gaaiegthim ic C*/ds

Ldt;ddm Ehegi gm/ s*L*rLgm Eiik Ei*mty gm/ K) td dadethim ic

gaa ehre*ht C*/ds cri Eiik Ei*mty gt agrd. dadgtd Dhmmdy

s*dstd/ td agm*gd gaai;hm td adhsagt*rd ti /h2h/d

ehre*hts hmti sgaadr *mhts cir dadethim ir sdadethim imay, L*t

hs mit sddkhm ti dmagrd dadeth2d grdgs hm gmy ehre*ht. Ud

;i*a/ gasi rdJ*hrd tgt gmy /h2hshim hm Eiik Ei*mty g++ay ti

Lit td ehty gm/ td s*L*rLgm grdg, mit C*st ti imd ir td

itdr. ?gsd/ im tdsthimy ic /i;mstgtd

/dadgtds eimedrmhm /hstgmeds, ddrdmey mdd/s, gm/ td ai;

2ia*d ic C*/hehga L*shmdss hm sid ei*mthds, sd s*dsts ht

gy Ld geed+tgLad ti sgaadr ei*mthds ti +ri2h/d cir g ehre*ht

ir gssiehgtd C*/d cri dge ei*mty itdr tgm Eiik, td tdr

7gssiehgtd -ujnd7 Ldhm *sd/ ti /dmitd td C*/hehga icchedr

+rdsdmtay eagsshchd/ gs g ghstrgtd, ;ht ahhtd/ C*rhs/hethim,

L*t df#i'drdj ti hssud grrdst gmj sdgre` 'grrgmts gm/ ia/+rdahhmgry dgrhms. %+gshs $//d/ _deir/ ic \riedd/hms,

UhGt Haahmihs Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim, ghay i*rmgas I

dedLdr @, 7:: I Ud+tdLdr 3, 7:><, Eihttdd \ri+isgas. \gd

::>. hssdmt ti +ri+isd/ gdm/dmt ti $rthead SH ic td Haahmihs

Eimstht*thim rdagthm ti td */hehga d+grtdmt.

d cr*ht Lirmd cri tgt Eim2dmthim e*ahmgtds hm td

rgmshthim Ued/*ad ic td 7:><

Eimstht*thim ;he rdg/s

Udethim . */hehga "ccheds

Kg) "m td dccdeth2d /gtd ic ths Eimstht*thim, $ssiehgtd

*/ds gm/ ghstrgtds sgaa Ldeid Ehre*ht */ds gm/ $ssiehgtd

*/ds, rds+deth2day, ic tdhr Ehre*ht Ei*rts.

?aa ag's gmj ruads ic eiurt t`drdticird g##ahegoad ti ?ssiehgtd

Bujnds gmj fgnhstrgtds s`gaa rdfghm hm cired gmj od g##ahegoad

ti t`d #drsims hm t`dhr md' iccheds *mtha egmd/ Ly td (dmdrga

$ssdLay ir td U*+rdd Ei*rt, gs td egsd gy Ld. %+gshs

$//d/

KL) K_di2d/)

Ke) K_di2d/) K/) mtha itdr;hsd +ri2h/d/ Ly ag; gm/ dGed+t ti td

dGtdmt tgt td g*tirhty hs hmeimshstdmt ;ht Udethim @ ic

$rthead SHH, td Ehre*ht Ei*rts sgaa eimthm*d ti dGdrehsd td

mim-C*/hehga c*methims 2dstd/ Ly ag; gs ic dedLdr 37, 7:3, hm

ei*mty ei*rts ir td C*/ds tdrdic.

Haahmihs Eimstht*thim ic 7:><.

70



EIMEATUHIM

Wudsthi !. d \aghmthcc gs /rgctd/ ei+aghmts gaadhm

td eihsshim ic iccdmsds gghmst t;i hm/h2h/*gas ;i si g++dm

ti gasi Ld d+aiyd/ gs +iahed icchedrs cir td Ehty ic #ghr2hd;

'dhts, Haahmihs. dsd ei+aghmts grd s;irm ti, hm geeir/gmed

;ht ag;. 'd gs gttd+td/ ti Lrhm tdsd ei+aghmts ti td

gttdmthim ic C*/hehga icchedrs, +iahed gdmehds, gm/ icchedrs

d+i;drd/ ;ht td g*tirhty ti get im s*e ei+aghmts. drd hs

mi rdJ*hrddmt, cir gmyimd ;hshm ti gaadd td eihsshim ic

gm iccdmsd, ti +rdsdmt td ti gmyimd itdr tgm g C*/hehga

icchedr d+i;drd/ ti hss*d ;grrgmts ic grrdst. Haahmihs ag;

gkds mi /hsthmethim gs ti ;i gy chad g ei+aghmt, gm/

g*tirhty gs Lddm +rdsdmtd/ ;he gcchrs td rht ic +rh2gtd

hm/h2h/*gas ti +*rs*d s*e rdd/y. $rrdst cir g erhd, gm/

+risde*thim ic g erhd, hm2ia2d t;i /hccdrdmt +ried/*rds.

$rrdsts grd hmhthgtd/ Ly s;irm ei+aghmt, hm/hetdmt, ir

hmcirgthim gm/ hss*d/ Ly C*/hehga icchedrs, Ld tdy egaad/

C*/ds ir ghstrgtds. #ir td +*r+isd ic ths dirgm/*, td

;ir/s C*/d KLit gssiehgtd ir ehre*ht ad2das), ghstrgtds, gm/

ei*rts grd hmtdregmdgLad. $ s;irm ei+aghmt +rdsdmtd/ ti g

ei*rt, ;he hs s;irm ti *m/dr +dmgaty ic +drC*ry, rdJ*hrds td

C*/d ti dGghmd td ei+aghmgmt *m/dr igt gm/ *+im g chm/hm

78



ic +riLgLad eg*sd *st hss*d g ;grrgmt cir td grrdst ic td

+drsim ir +drsims tdrdhm mgd/.

Wudsthi ". \rhir ti td Haahmihs Eimstht*thim ic 7:><,

ghstrgtds ;drd rdeimhOd/ gs C*/hehga icchedrs d+i;drd/ ;ht,

gim itdr thms, dGghmhm ei+aghmgmts gaadhm iccdmsds gm/

hss*hm ;grrgmts ic grrdst. *rhm td Eimstht*thimga Eim2dmthim

ic 7:><, ht ;gs +ri+isd/ ti egmd td thtad ic ghstrgtd ti

tgt ic gssiehgtd C*/d, /*d hm-+grt ti mdgth2d eimmitgthims

gssiehgtd/ ;ht tgt icched. d /*thds ic ghstrgtd ;drd mit

gatdrd/ hm gmy ;gy, L*t td chmga dccdet ic s*e rd-thtahm

dGhsts hm td rgmshthim Ued/*ad ic tgt Eimstht*thim. drd hs

d2dm d2h/dmed tgt td ghstrgtd, ir gssiehgtd C*/d, ad2da ic

td C*/hehgry rdghmd/ hm +aged, L*t *m/dr;dmt g sh+ad mgd

egmd. $im tisd /*thds, ahds td rds+imshLhahty ti hss*d

;grrgmts ic grrdst. &gt ;gs imed g C*/hehga icched kmi;m gs

ghstrgtd, hs mi; td sgd icched kmi;m gs gssiehgtd C*/d.

drdcird, gt g hmh*, ;gt sid +rd-7:>< egsds rdcdr ti gs

ghstrgtds ;dm s+dgkhm ti td hss*gmed ic ;grrgmts ic grrdst,

grd mi; gssiehgtd C*/ds ;i rdtghm gm/ +issdss gaa ic td sgd

+i;drs dGdrehsd/ Ly ghstrgtds. $ssiehgtd C*/ds hm Haahmihs

grd d+i;drd/ ti dgr gaa ei+aghmts, d2dm tisd +rdsdmtd/ Ly

+rh2gtd hm/h2h/*gas, cir td +*r+isd ic dstgLahshm +riLgLad

eg*sd *m/dr td Eimstht*thim, gm/ hss*hm ;grrgmts cir td

grrdst ic sgh/ hm/h2h/*gas.

?<



^@D_DCI_D, hm aht ic td cirdihm J*dsthims +rdsdmtd/

gm/ gms;drd/ hm \A$HMH##1U F%F"_$MF "# A$&, \aghmthcc

rdJ*dsts ths Ei*rt ti gccir/ h g dgrhm ;drd hss*ds

+rdsdmtd/ Ly ;gy ic hs F%F"_$MF "# A$&, ;he c*rtdr

s*++irts gm/ eagrhchds hs irhhmga F"H"M #"_ A%$S% " \_%U%M

U&"_M E"F\A$HMU ?%#"_% '% E"_ $AA%(HM( E_HF%U $M "##%MU%U

$M " ?% %5$FHM% M%_ "$' '%_%", gy Ld +rdsdmtd/ ti ths

Ei*rt cir rd2hd; gm/ gmy g++ri+rhgtd, eirrds+im/hm gethim

+drhttd/ Ly ag;.

_ds+detc*aay s*Lhttd/,

Fgrk _. FeEiy, \aghmthcc

gtd

?7



\aghmthcc‘s Dx`hoht G

88? UHPZ@ HAAHMIHU EIMUZHZTZHIMGA EIMSDMZHIM

-4?-

4. Dahfhmgthim ic Fgnhstrgtd Eagsshchegthim gmj E`gmnhmn Fgnhstrgtd Zhtad tiGssiehgtd Bujnd

Ht hs gm umcirtumgtd cget t`gt t`d puoahe vhdws t`d fgnhstrgtd gs t`d sgfd

gs, ir gs g mdgr oaiij rdagthvd ti, t`d iaj busthed ic t`d pdged gmj piahed

fgnhstrgtd ic t`d prd 783: drg. ^d `gvd oddm urndj oy t`d rdprdsdmtgthvds ic

t`d Haahmihs Ehreuht Eiurt Fgnhstrgtds Gssiehgthim (jids mit hmeaujd Eiik

Eiumty Fgnhstrgtds) ti dahfhmgtd t`d thtad ic fgnhstrgtd. Z`d urnhmn wgs hm

cget g padg ti t`d dccdet t`gt "w`gtdvdr dasd yiu ji ir ji mit ji, dahfhmgtd

t`d thtad ic fgnhstrgtd".

Z`d Eiffhttdd im Eimsthtuthimga Eimvdmthim \ripisgas ic t`d Haahmihs Bujhehga

Eimcdrdmed, gmj g mufodr ic mim-jdadngtd gmj jdadngtd whtmdssds, `gvd

rdeiffdmjdj t`gt t`d thtad "fgnhstrgtd" od e`gmndj ti "gssiehgtd bujnd". Z`hs

kdys hm wht` t`gt Eiffhttdd's rdeiffdmjgthim ti dahfhmgtd t`d gssiehgtd bujnd

eagsshchegthim gmj erdgtd g shmnad eagss ic ehreuht bujnd. Z`hs Eiffhttdd

gnrdds, odegusd ic t`d mdngthvd hfgnd erdgtdj oy t`d thtad, hts jgfgnhmn

dccdet upim bujhehga firgad, gmj t`d eimsdqudmt umcirtumgtd hfpget upim t`d

bujhehga systdf.

Adst t`d Eiffhttdd od e`grndj wht` hmeimshstdmey hm kddphmn t`d fgnhstrgtd

advda ic t`d ehreuht eiurt bujhehgry, gatìun` e`gmnhmn t`d mgfd ti gssiehgtd

bujnd, w`had gt t`d sgfd thfd dahfhmgthmn t`d irhnhmga gssiehgtd bujnd

eagsshchegthim cir rdgsims w`he` fgy gppdgr dqugaay rdadvgmt ti g eifpadtd

goiahthim

88? UHPZ@ HAAHMIHU EIMUZHZTZHIMGA EIMSDMZHIM

-45-

ic t`d fgnhstrgtd ir gssiehgtd bujnd eagsshchegthim, wd sunndst t`gt t`d

hssuds, tìun` sifdw`gt shfhagr, grd mit pgrgaada. Gs g prdahfhmgry

iosdrvgthim, t`d Eiffhttdd mitds t`gt sifd tdsthfimy wgs iccdrdj im, gmj t`d

Eiffhttdd im hts iwm hmhthgthvd eimshjdrdj, t`d jdshrgohahty ic g shmnad

eagss ic trhga bujhehgry hm t`d Ehreuht Eiurt. Z`drd hs eadgr fdrht ti sue` g

pripisga.

Z`d Eiffhttdd eimeaujdj, ìwdvdr, t`gt t`drd hs g siumj gmj jdcdmshoad ogshs

cir rdtghmhmn t`d fgnhstrgtd (gssiehgtd bujnd) advda ic bujhehgry,

mitwht`stgmjhmn t`gt ht fgy ti sifd jdnrdd pdrpdtugtd t`d mdngthvd puoahe

hfgnd ic t`dsd bujhehga icchedrs gs odhmn ic adssdr ir hmcdrhir stgtus ti

ehreuht bujnds, gmj fgy gasi pdr`gps rhsk t`d "eagss" jhsthmethims w`he`

prdsdmtay fgr, ti sifd dxtdmt, t`d rdagthims ic ehreuht gmj gssiehgtd bujnds.

Z`d prhmehpad jhccdrdmed t`gt t`hs Eiffhttdd sdds hs hm t`d pitdmthga ic t`d

fgnhstrgtd (gssiehgtd bujnd) eagss gs g trghmhmn gmj privhmn nriumj cir

agwydrs sddkhmn g egrddr hm bujhehga sdrvhed. Z`hs hs mit ti sunndst t`gt t`d

fgnhstrgtd's rdspimshohahthds grd mit jhccheuat ir hfpirtgmt. Wuhtd t`d

eimtrgry. Z`hs Eiffhttdd `gs sghj, gmj gcchrfs, t`gt fgnhstrgtds dmngnd hm

w`gt fgy od t`d fist hfpirtgmt gspdets ic bujhehga sdrvhed. Oy purd viaufd

fgnhstrgtds `gmjad fist ic t`d bujhehga oushmdss hm fgmy ehreuhts. Adnga

trghmhmn gmj bujhehga eifpdtdmed gt t`hs advda ic sdrvhed grd erhthega, gmj

ht hs ìpdj t`gt fgnhstrgtds whaa od gppihmtdj wì pissdss t`d e`grgetdrhsthes

??



78><‚ EIFFHZZDD \_I\IUGAU 885

-4:-

dssdmthga cir eifpdtdmt bujhehga sdrvhed. @gvhmn sghj t`hs, ìwdvdr, t`d

prioadf sthaa rdfghms ic gttrgethmn t`d qugahchdj agwydr ti g typd ic sdrvhed

w`he` rdquhrds g titga eiffhtfdmt ti g fgsshvd mufodr ic riuthmd egsds, gs

wdaa gs ti t`d fird umusuga, out adss crdqudmt, ahthngthim.

Fgmy agwydrs, ìpdcuaay, whaa aiik ti t`hs sdrvhed gs gm ippirtumhty cir

gjvgmedfdmt hmti `hn`dr advdas ic bujhehga sdrvhed. Hmjddj t`hs wgs imd ic

t`d irhnhmga busthchegthims cir t`d dstgoahs`fdmt ic t`d fgnhstrgtd eagss.

Utgthsthes gs ti ìw fgmy fgnhstrgtds shmed 783: `gvd getugaay fivdj up t`d

agjjdr grd mit dgsy ti eifd oy, out t`d ìpd pdrshsts t`gt t`hs sdrvhed whaa

hmjddj od t`d stdpphmn stimd cir gjvgmedj bujhehga sdrvhed.

Imd wgy ic fgkhmn t`d pishthim gttrgethvd hs ti hmerdgsd t`d sgagry.

Z`hs `gs oddm jimd sdvdrga thfds shmed 783:. Gmit`dr hs ti nhvd t`d icched g

fird prdsthnhius thtad. Z`hs pripisga sddks ti ji si.

Hm t`d agst gmgayshs w`gt t`hs Eiffhttdd hs sgyhmn hs t`gt fgmy qugahchdj

agwydrs wì egmmit ir ji mit whs` ti eifpdtd cir `hn`dr advda bujhehga

iccheds fgy od rdedpthvd ti stgrthmn t`dhr egrddrs gt t`d advda ic

fgnhstrgtd. Z`d Eiffhttdd ìpds ti dmeiurgnd t`hs fivdfdmt gmj aiiks upim hts

rdeiffdmjgthim cir g e`gmnd hm mgfd crif "fgnhstrgtd" ti "gssiehgtd bujnd" gs

g wirt`w`had stdp hm t`gt jhrdethim.

88: UHPZ@ HAAHMIHU EIMUZHZTZHIMGA EIMSDMZHIM

-44-

Z`d rdeiffdmjdj e`gmnd hm thtad jids mit htsdac fgkd gmy e`gmnd hm t`d

dxhsthmn fdtìj ic sdadethim ic fgnhstrgtds.

Z`gt fgttdr hs jdgat wht` hm Udethim 7?.

3. Uuprdfd Eiurt ti Jdtdrfhmd Fgttdrs Gsshnmgoad ti Fgnhstrgtds

Z`hs Udethim miw privhjds t`gt t`d Ndmdrga Gssdfoay s`gaa ahfht ir jdchmd t`d

fgttdrs ti od gsshnmdj ti fgnhstrgtds.

Gaa ogr gssiehgthim pripisgas cir eimsthtuthimga bujhehga rdvhshim iccdrdj hm

7845, 7844, 784> gmj 7837 ngvd t`hs gutìrhty ti t`d Uuprdfd Eiurt im t`d

ainhega prdfhsd t`gt t`d khmjs ic egsds t`gt bujhehga icchedrs sìuaj `dgr

wgs fird pripdray g fgttdr ic hmtdrmga bujhehga gjfhmhstrgthim t`gm ic

adnhsagthvd eimedrm.

Uifdw`drd hm t`d eifprifhsd t`gt rdsuatdj hm t`d 7837 gjipthim (gs gasi

`gppdmdj hm t`d 784> pripisga) t`d gutìrhty ic t`d adnhsagturd wgs

suosthtutdj cir t`d Uuprdfd Eiurt.

Z`d adnhsagturd `gs oy jdtghadj adnhsagthim jdchmdj t`d fgttdrs ti od `dgrj

oy fgnhstrgtds. (E`. 5>, Haa. _dv. Utgt. Ude. 3?7 dt sdq., 7838). Gjjhthimgaay,

t`d adnhsagturd `gs gutìrhzdj t`d Uuprdfd Eiurt oy ruad ti spdehcy

gjjhthimga egtdnirhds ic fgttdrs gsshnmgoad ti fgnhstrgtds (Hj. Udethim 3?>).

Z`d Uuprdfd Eiurt `gs rdspimjdj oy gjipthmn _uad ?84.

Nhvdm t`hs `hstiry, gmj t`d rdagthims`hp ic fgttdrt`hs [sheV ti t`dgjfhmhstrgthvd gutìrhty ic t`d Uuprdfd Eiurt, ht gppdgrs ti t`hs Eiffhttdd

t`gt t`d piwdr ti jdtdrfhmd fgttdrs gsshnmgoad ti

78><‚ EIFFHZZDD \_I\IUGAU 884

-43-

fgnhstrgtds sìuaj rdshjd hm t`d Uuprdfd Eiurt. Imd hs `grj put ti chmj gmy

truay pagushoad ogshs cir hmshstdmed upim adnhsagthvd gutìrhty hm t`hs grdg.

?5



>. E`gmnd hm Agmnugnd _d Fgstdrs hm E`gmedry

Udethim 0 privhjds t`gt "Z`drd s`gaa od mi fgstdrs hm e`gmedry ir it`dr cdd

icchedrs hm t`d bujhehga systdf". Z`d Eiffhttdd pripisga dahfhmgtds t`d wirjs

"fgstdrs hm e`gmedry ir it`dr" kddphmn t`d ogm im cdd icchedrs.

Hm t`d Eiffhttdd's vhdw t`d e`gmnd hs fird styahsthe t`gm suostgmthvd. Z`d

e`gmnd whaa mit rdstird t`d fgstdr hm e`gmedry cdd systdf w`he` prdvghadj

prhir ti t`d mdw Bujhehga Grthead shmed gs g cdd icchedr t`d fgstdr wiuaj od

ogrrdj umjdr t`d agmnugnd w`he` hs rdtghmdj. Hc t`d Utgtd whs`ds ti privhjd

g sgagrhdj bujhehga icchedr ti pdrcirf t`d cumethims ic t`d iaj fgstdr hm

e`gmedry im g mim-cdd ogshs ti ahthngmts, ht sìuaj od pdrfhttdj ti ji si. Ht

hs quhtd priogoad t`gt sue` gutìrhty prdsdmtay dxhsts out t`d jdadthim ic

t`d spdehche wirjs hs jddfdj jdshrgoad cir twi rdgsims2 (7) t`d rdcdrdmed ti

fgstdrs hm e`gmedry hs g rdjumjgmey gs ht hs hmeaujdj hm t`d fird ndmdrhe

tdrf "cdd icchedrs", gmj (?) t`d dfpaiyfdmt ic t`d thtad "fgstdr hm e`gmedry"

fgy gppdgr ti od ogrrdj dvdm hc t`d thtad hs usdj cir g sgagrhdj rgt`dr t`gm

g cdd icchedr.*

883 UHPZ@ HAAHMIHU EIMUZHZTZHIMGA EIMSDMZHIM

-43g-

*Jhssdmt2 Jdadngtds _geùmgs gmj Khmmdy rdspdetcuaay jhssdmt crif tìsd

privhshims w`he` wiuaj pdrfht (7) adnhsagthvd rdjuethim ir dahfhmgthim ic t`d

fhmhfuf gaaiegthim ic bujnds odtwddm E`hegni gmj suourogm Eiik Eiumty gmj (?)

t`d dadethim ic gaa ehreuht bujnds crif Eiik Eiumty gt agrnd. Jdadngtd Khmmdy

sunndstdj t`d agmnugnd gaaiwhmn t`d adnhsagturd ti jhvhjd ehreuhts hmti

sfgaadr umhts cir dadethim ir sdadethim imay, out hs mit sddkhmn ti dmagrnd

dadethvd grdgs hm gmy ehreuht. U`d wiuaj gasi rdquhrd t`gt gmy jhvhshim hm

Eiik Eiumty gppay ti oit` t`d ehty gmj t`d suourogm grdg, mit bust ti imd ir

t`d it`dr. Ogsdj im tdsthfimy ic jiwmstgtd jdadngtds eimedrmhmn jhstgmeds,

dfdrndmey mddjs, gmj t`d aiw viaufd ic bujhehga oushmdss hm sifd eiumthds,

s`d sunndsts ht fgy od geedptgoad ti sfgaadr eiumthds ti privhjd cir g

ehreuht ir gssiehgtd bujnd" crif dge` eiumty it`dr t`gm Eiik, t`d tdrf

"gssiehgtd bujnd" odhmn usdj ti jdmitd t`d bujhehga icchedr prdsdmtay

eagsshchdj gs g fgnhstrgtd, wht` ahfhtdj burhsjhethim, out dfpiwdrdj ti hssud

grrdst gmj sdgre` wgrrgmts gmj ìaj prdahfhmgry `dgrhmns.

?:



UZGZD IC HAAHMIHU )

) UU

EITMZX IC UZ. EAGH_ )

ED_ZHCHEGZD IC UD_SHED

H, t`d umjdrshnmdj, im igt` stgtd t`gt H sdrvdj t`d cirnihmn \AGHMH!!"#$%$&'GM()$ &! AG* cir +gsd Mi- 7< A >4 ti t`d ci..i/hmn drsims-

isùg # Gdrm

&"g..irgm isicc dhtmdr +ii, AA+34< (umjdd 'igj, #uhtd :>4

Mirt`rii, H..hmihs 3<<3?

2gdrm;in11i6

gmj

(g/m G #g..drsim

hms`g/ +u.drtsim, AA\

\& =i9 4<84?7 *dst $ghm #trddt, #uhtd 5<<

=d..dvh..d, H..hmihs 3????

jsg..drsim;`hms`g/.g/1i6

vhg d6gh. im umd 7?, ?<77L gmj drsimg.. jd.hvdrhmn g 1i ti 1iumsd. gdgrhmn im d`g.c

ic (dcdmjgmts im umd 75, ?<77, hm +iurtrii6 :<7, g.imn /ht` g 1i ch.dj /ht` t`d +.dr ic t`d

+hr1uht +iurt

$gr ' $1+i, \.ghmthcc

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Memorandum of Law for Bringing Charges Before a Court