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Being the Observations He made in his Travels from Prussia thro' Germany, Italy, France, Flanders, Holland, England &c. in Letters to his Friend, Discovering not only the Present State of the Chief Cities and Town; but The Characters of the Principal Persons at Several Courts. (Translated from the French, with an index)
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Pöllnitz, Karl Ludwig von (1692-1775). The memoirs of Charles Lewis baron de Pollnitz., being the observations he made in his late travels from Prussia thro' Germany, Italy,
France, Flanders, Holland, England, etc., in letters to his friend, discovering not only the present state of the chief cities and towns, but the characters of the principal persons at theseveral courts. The second edition, with additions. 1739.
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THE
ME M O I RS
O F
CHAR LES-LE WIS,
Baron de Pollnitz.
B E I N G ;rf^t]~3~
The OBSERVATIONS Hemadelïrfiîs
^^fatç^AAVELs fromPruJJiathro'
..as
-1~1,
1
1
FI4ANDERS*HOLLAND,ENGLAND, &c.
^pMTTERSto his Friend.
ïHfcoveringnotonlythePRESE+'V'TS TAT E<»ftlf?ChieifCitïesandTownsi
BUT
TheCHARACTERSofthePRï»cM»Ai.pBasoNsatthéSewralCOURTS.
In TWO VOLUMES.
TheSecond Edition, with Additiovs.
0 0 7~
Pâ^td for DanielBrowns,at theBlackSwan,~choUt_r" N..DCC.xD:eXe
A 2 'Tis,
To the Right Honourable
PHILIP, Lord Hardwicke
Baron of Hardwicke^ in the
County of Gloycefler-y
LORD HlGH CHANCELLOR
of Great Britain $
AND
One of the Lords of HisMajefty's moft
Honourable Privy Council.
MY Lord,
THE good Reception thefe Me-
moirs, which 1 moft humblyoffer to your Lordfhip, have
met with Abroad; and the Protec-tion and Favour the Author has ob-tain'd at one of the Chief ProteftantCourtsof EUROP E encourageme, tho'with the profoundeft SubmûTion, to
intrea^your Lor.dfhip'sfavourableAc-
ceptance of this Tranflation»
iv DEDICATION.
'Tis, my Lord, the only Homage I
am capable of paying your Lordfhip,and the beft Teftimony I can givewith what Zeal and Pleafure I join in
the Congratulation of the Public for
that illuftrious Regard paid to your
Lordfhip's Merit, and Their Wiflies,by
hisSACREDMAjESTY,thisDayinCouncU.That your Lordftiipmay very long
enjoy a fufncientPortion of Health, e-
qual to the Abilities of your Great
Mind, for fupporting you under thattâft Weight of Servicewhich you havenow taken uponyou foryour King and
Country, is the heartyPrayerofailgoodENGLISHMEN;and particularlyofHîm,My LoRD, who has the Honour tofubfcribe
YOUR LORDSHIP'S
Mofi Devoted,
Mofi Obedient,and
Mofi HumbleServant
A3 t>?
PREFACE,
Bythe T r a n s l a t o r.
HE Author of thefe Metnoirs^ who
is a Perfon of an honourable Familyin Truffa, and confefs'd by all thatknow him to bc a Gentleman of ex-
traordinary Talents, is one that may be trulyfaid to have feen the World he having not
only travell'd twice thro' the principal Parts of
Europe, but by his Acquaintance with Peopleof the firft Rank, and a diligent Inquiry andnice Infpeftion into Men and Things, attaincdto that Knowledge of Both, which is of fuchService and Entertainment to Mankind in the
general, and fo particularly neceffary for AUwho attend to what is doing in high Life.
He has fucceeded very happily in the rightNarrative Stile; and the French Language, inwhich he wrotc the following Letters, feemsto be as natural to him as if it w;s his Mothcr-
Tongue. But the Thing which has moft con-tributed to the Demand for thefe Memoirs, isthe Multitude of Charaâcrs that the Baron has
interfpers'd, not only of the Dcccas'd, but even
VÎ *ïhe TrànslatorV
tunef
of Perfons that are tlill living, and diftinguifh'dby the exalted Spheres in wh«rh they move.
That every one of thofe Charaûers is equallyjuft, or that every Circumftance relating to
them is told with the utmoft Exa&nefs, is not
to be imagin'd For fuppofing the Author tohave been ever fo circumfpeâ: and imparrial,how was it poffible for him to take the true
Likenefs of every one, in fuch à Vaticty of
Perfonages of both Sexes, and to be perfe&lyfurc of every Particular that he mentions fincehe could not be Eye-Witnefs of every thing,and muft be oblig'd for many to Informationfrom other Perfons, of whom, 'tis no wonderif fome wcre prejudic'd ? But to do the Baron
Jufticc, it muft be allow'd, that he no wherefails in that Refpcâ: and Decorum to Princeswhich are their due and that he has not dif-cover'd a predominant Pcflion for Satire be-caufe where he has painted in the ftrongeftColour^ and reprefented his Subjefts in themoft difadvantageous Ligbt, they were fuchwhofe Follies or whofe Victs were too fla-
grant and notorious to be eithcr conceal'd or
difguis'd And) confîderlng the Groupe ofCourtiers whom he has erouded into his Can-
vafs, the Reader will rather be furpris'd to meet
with fo few Imperfections in his Charafters,and fo many excellent Qualities. By this
means, his Memoirs have, upon the whole,donc Honour to his Underftanding, without
oifending his Confcicnce, or hurting his For-
P R E F A C E. vil
A 4 tor
tune he being, at this very time, upon a hand-fome EftablHhmentat the Court oifPrujJia.
It cannot poffibly efcape the Obfervation ofthe Reader, that the Baron, when he wrotethefe Lettcrs to his noble Friend, wàs a pro-fefs'd Member of the Church of Rome butthat neverthelefs, he was not fuch a Bigot toits Cbnftitution, nor fuch a Believer in the
Legends of its Writers, or the pretended Mi-racles of its Saints, as to incur the Characlec
of a blind and furiotis Zealot it appearing on
the contrary, from feveral Declarations of hisMirid in the following Pages, that he did notwant Charity cither in his Nature or Principlcsfor thofe from whom he differ'd in religionsSentiments. Such a Catholic Spirit, afïïfted
by his good Sente, made it, rio doubt, mucheafier for him, after refle&ing upon the Fop-peries and Impoiturcs which he had feen in chat
Church during his TraVels, to abjure the Rv-
taijb and to embrace the 'Protejianî Religion,which he did accordingly with great Dévotionlaft Summer, at Berlin; after which, his Ttuf-fian Majeftywas pleaed to diftinguiftîhim with
peculiar Marks of his Favourand Eftecm, by
declaring him one cf the Gentlemen of his
Bedchamber, and Chief Cup-Bearer of his
Court and he hasvery latcly given him a con-
fiderable Prebertd.To the new Edition of his Memoirs, from
which the following Sheetsare tranflated,therc'snot only agreat numberof matcrial Additions in
the Body ofthe Work, as is obfcrv'd by the Edi-
viü The TranslatorV Preface.
THE
tor ofir, zxAmfterdam, but feveral new Notes:In this Tranflation, thefe Notes are likewife
confiderably augmented, for the fake of conti-
nuing the Thread of the Hiftory to the prefentTime, by the Notice taken of certain remar-kable Altérations, or other curious Particularsthat have happen'd to the Perfons or the Places
mentioned, finct 1734. when the faid Edition
was publifh'd.One great DefecT:for which the foreign Edi-
tor has bcen very much blam'd, was the want
of a Table to thefe Memoirs which, if not
abfolutely necefiary in a Work of this kind,wherein fo many Perfons and Faâs are men-
tioned, cannot be neceffaryfor any Book what-
foever tbat cornes from the Prefs. To fupplythis Defcct, the Tranllator has added an Alpha-betical Index tocach ofthe twoVolumes which
Indexes are the more copious, that the Reader
might know where to turn in an Inftant for
fome Account of the Charafters, Conduû, or
Familys of thofe public Pcrfonages, whofe
Names fo oftcn occur in the News.Papcrs.
Chance
THE
AUTHOR'sPREFACETOTHE
FIPST EDITION.
THERE
are veryfew Bookswithout a ïrre-face and tbat there are fc, is in a greatmeafureowingto tbe FancycfAfoBookfellers,
who tbink tbemto beabfolutelynecej/ary,and toooftenjudge of themerit of a Copybytbe Fligbts of its Pré-
face, and tbe infinuatingTone of tbe Author's Voicein reading it. 1 bad tbe misfortune tofatt into tbebands of oneof tbefeBookfellers,fi fond ofPrefaces,wbomnotbingwouldferve but be tnuftbave oneat tbe
Headof myMémoire. Mytelling bit» tbat I dld notknow wbat to put into a Preface, ftgniffd no moretban if I bad beentaïkinv to a Pofi for be tbreatnedtoget a Preface composabyan Autbor whowroteforWages. Tbisftartîed me, and I trembledfor tbe fateofmy Book,not doubtingthat a Preface written byaMan of Letters, wbomade it bis profeffionto comfofefttcbmarvellousPièces^would altogetber eclipfe tbe
few Excellenciesin tbis Work of mine. Wbat, faidî to myfeîf, theSale ofmyBookthen muftdependonlyontheGoodnefsof thePreface, whicb, wbentbeRead-ers comparewitb tbe Bookit felf, theywillfay, O 1
ivbat a wonderfulMan is the dutbor of the PrefaceWbat a pitiful Writer,theCompilerof the Memoirs t
No, faid agair. to myfelf, I am refolv'd tbat tbe
Preface and tbeBookfiallrun tbe famérijk andfince
i The Authors P REF ACE
if
Chancebas enter1'd mean Autbor, Fil play ont thltuholepart of one.
Iam told that theDefignof a Preface is to give thePublickan account,in tbe firft place, of tbe Reafonstbat bave engag'd the Autbor to compofebis Workihat tbeti bé is to informtbe Publick, tbat *lis inmeer Complaifanceto bis Friends, and becaufetbereare mangledCopiesof bis Manufcript abroad, tbat bebas beendeterminedta put it to tbe Prefs and fi-nally, that be is to condudewitb a fort of Pétition,wberein be is to begtbe Reader* Indulgencefor bisProductions. Tbis, Ibave beenajfured,is tbe Plan ofa Preface let t usnowfeebowwell I car,executeit.
As to thefirft Article, viz. wbat Motives 1 bddta write, Ifincerely ovm tbat wbenI fet Pen to Pa-
per, Imeantnothingmorethan to amufemyfelf. Iwas the fartbefi in tbe World from thinking that I
Jhould one day be overtakenwitb ihe Temptationoffetting up for an Autbor. I wro'eLetiers to a Friend
of mine,purely to divert bimwith an Accountoffuchtb'mgsas camein ntyway tbe Minutesofwbicb Let-ters Iprefervedtill I bad infenfiblyformed a Volume
of *em and baving notbing elfeto do, I augmentedand digeftedtbemin tbe manner that I nowgive tbemto tbe Publick. tfhe trutb is, that myFriends bavenot ufed tbe leaft Importunitywitb meto commitmy
Manufcript to the Prefs, nor was it poffiblefor any
fpurious Copiesof it to get abroad, becaufeno bodye*
verfaw it till 1 putit into tb; bandsof tbe Bookfeller.But IJbalï be ajtfd, wbat peffefs*dmeto commence
Autbor, andbowcameI to befoidleas toput myNameat tbe Head of a forry book ? t muji anfwer again,tbat H was downrigbt Indolence. As to my Name,it wouldbave beenvery diffieuh to bave concealedit
from Perfonsta wbm I bave thegreatefiObligations.I Jhouldbave beenfufpecJedta bavebeentbeAutborof
tbefeMemoirsat certain Courts, for wbicb I bave a
RefpeiJboth byInclination and îtuty •, andperbeps,
to the Firft Editioli. xi
Sttburb
if Ibadîeft this Copyto tbewideWorld, as fome do
tbofeFoundlingswbicbtheyare afhanïd ta own^fucb
Paffâgesmightbave beenfeifted into it, as wouldbave
been.fatberd uponme, infpite of ail Proteftationsof
tnyInnocence.As to tbe Bookitfelf, Tarn apt ta tbink tbere is no-
tbing in it tbat any Perfon whatfoeveraugbt te take
offenceat. When Ifpeak of SovereiguPrinces, 'tiswitb the Révérencedueto tbe Lords Anointed and1 alfoendeavourto bonourthemin their Minifiers^be-
ing taugbt bymyReligiontbat I ougbtto bonourGodin bis Saints. I bave donemyuimojlto paintthetrueCbaraSîsrs of Peoplein Place^ and can fafely fayytbat tnyAulhorities are not meerbear-faysor fcrapsout ofNews-Papers forttbank to Gsd^ myBirtband Fortune bave put me in a capacityto fee, bear%
andjudgefor myfelf.It will betbougbtperbaps, tbat whenïfpeak ofAr<î-
Honsingeneralyljttdgetoorafhly. It maybefo tbis
beingan Articleefpeciallyinwbicball Mendanotthinkalike. TbeFrench bave a quitedifferentIdea of tbe
Germans/rw» -mbattbeEngtifh bave, and tbe Eng-lifh donot pafs tbe faméFerdiH on theFrench as tbeSwedesdo. 'Tis tbefamé in private Life. Everyonemakesbis ownConditiontbe Standardofbis Judg-ment. Tbe Man of Quality, tbe Citizen, the Soldier, the Mercbant, hâve ail différentIdeas. Tb:
Traveller judgesofthe Nation wherebem,bytbeCom-
panybekeeps. AFrenchman who in Germany con-
verfeswitb ndnebut tbofeof tbefecondClafs, willfaytbat the Germans are boneftPeople, but downijbjwbercasanotber, whokeepscompanywi(b PerfonsofOyality, or thoje in Offices,will agree,tbat theGer-mans are morepolite e thanthey bave beenpainted bycertain French fFriters, wbobave beentranfplantedto Germany eitber by tbeir Biftreffes, or by meerChance. Sot a German. wbo, when be is at Paris,fees no better Companythan tbe Marcbioneffesof the
xii The Authors Préfacé
Jerttng
SuburbofSt. Germain, imaginesibat ail the IVomeftbothat Court and in tbe City are like tbem. In fine,a Foreignerwhotakes up bis Refidencein the City ofLondon, will entertain a différentIdea of theEng-lifh from what anotherJhall do who îodgesat St,
James'j endof tbe town. Tbeyare, as oftemayfay^fo manydifférentNations in oneand tbe fame State,wbicbftand in little relation to oneanotber, andfonte-îtmes attribute Virtues and Vicesto eachotber with-out due Conftderation. A Foreigner tberefore can
form a folidJudgmentof nonebuttbofewitb wbombeis converfant and if be bas tbe good luck to pitcbbit Tentwell, be entertains an advantageousOpinionof tbeNation in général. Let Foreigners, , wbentbeyreturn borne, after baving kept fuch various fortsof Company,fit downto draw tbe CbaraSers of tbe
Nations tbeybavefeen, I do but tbink wbat aftrangedifférencevuotddappear in tbeir Defcriptions Tbe
Judgment tbereforewhicb I makeofPeople,is foundedupontbe CompanyI kept, and uponwbatI beardfrmnfucb Inhabitants of the Countryas appear'd to meta
be altogetberanprejudiced, andwerepleafedto honour
tne-witb tbeir Information. I donotfay but, afterall, I maybave beenmiftaken for I do not prétendto havepainted tbings in anyother ligbt tban as tbey
appear'd to me. If, nevtrthehfs, any particular
Perfon tbinks himfelfparticularly intended wben 1
fpeak of the Inbabitants of anyProvince or Town in
general, I begbimto remember,tbat I confefsin myMemoirs tbere art worthyPeoplein all parts of tbe
fForld, and'tis not»ryfault if bis Confciencedoesnot
permit bim to rank himfelfin tbat number.
No doubtIfball hertproaciïd for relating toomany
Trifies, andpaffmgtoo ligbtlyover things efgreater
Importance. Tofpeakfreely again, I will makeno
âiffitultytoowr.ytbat, if wbenI begantbefkMemoirs,I bad ever tbougbtofprinting tbem, tbe âefireofpro-
witing tbeir Sali migbt perèaps bave put m uponin.
to the FirH Edition. xiii
Readinefi
ferting a great m&nyNothings<whichlomitted, as no:
tbinking it worib wbile to charge rayMeraorywitb
'cm. fbe far greateft part of what the World reads
is 7'rifles, and a Hïfiorywill makeits fortune not bythe inftrutlive FaSîs that are in it, but by the Ro-
mantic îurn the Autborgives it. Befides,I ara not
fo vain as to write with a defignof Infirutting j'orwbat cotdâI relate in myTravels wbicb others hâvenot donebeforemein betterTerms? Totalk ofLearned
Men, to makea CatalogueofBooksand MSS. tbat areto be met witb in Libraries, to ranfack tbe Cabinet
of the Curions, ta publijhInfcripiions, ta treat ofan-
tique Medals, ta affirmtbat I bavefeen an Otho ofBraf, which is known to bebut of Silver, wbat a
Pojfeof Men of Learning wouldrife up againft meg
Whereas,nowIfear notèing tbeLearneddon't read
Trifles, or if tbeydo, tbey fcornta criticife them. I
jhall to themremainunknown,or at leajt^myMeannefs•so'dlbemyProteSiionagainft their Indignation.
I wouldfain be as fecure againft the Criticifmoftbofe,vfboreadingfor ibefake of tbeir amufement,re-
quirean exaêl,élégantStile in Trifles, tbat is, adorn'dwitb the Flowers and Garlands of Rbetorick. But
howfball Igain tbeir Indulgence? If I ownto tbemtbat I could do no bettert theywill fay to me, and
juftly encugb-,Alas then what made you write? 3Vwbicb I fltall anfwer, as I faid before, tbat it was
meerlyfor want offometbingelfeto do. If tbey will
but forgivemetbis timt, Iajfure tbem tbat I not onlywill neverrelapfeinta tbe faméerrer, but tbat Ifballnotbe forryif tbeydifdain to take Noticeof myBookAnd if tbe reading of tbefeMemoirsinclinesthem ta
fleep, Ifball tbink myfelf very well rewarded forbaving contribuiedto tbeir Repofe.
After all, I au moreparticularly obligea to ajkpardonof the French tban anyotberNation *Ttsintbeir lânguage Ibaveprefumedtowritet and tbeyare
mynoper Judga, Suehh tbeir Politenefsand tbeir
xi v The Authors PREFACE,
PRE-
Readinefs to affijt Foreigners, tbat I doubt not of-Mercy. And in return, I promifethem, that if aFrenchman ever voucbfafesto write in the German
Language, I vaiîï forgive bim any Errors tbat be
tuaycommit.
ADVERTISEMENT by the EDITOR.
N.B." T^ H E S EMemoirs went off fo quick,
X that before they had been out fcarce.fix Months, the French BookfeJlerwas obJig'dta
préparefor this SecondEdition to which, there.
are cpnfiderableAdditions both in the Body ofthe Work and in the Notes, of curious and inte-
V refting Çads and Charaders, and the principalAltérations that have happen'd at the feveral
*• Courts, fince the firft Edison.There is added in particular, a very circum-
ftantial Account of the prefent Eledor of Saxony'st Family, hisMinifters, and OiBcers and in fhort,
of the Chief Perfons of both Sexesbelonging to
his Court and Houfliold. This is prefix'd jn the,«'
Original, at the Head of the Memoirs but the
V Tranflator thought it more regularaswellasmore,
««confiftent with the Method obferv'd every where
«*elfe by.the Author, to place it at the End of his«•
Defcriptionof the City ofDre/den. The Baron
has dedicated that Account to the prefentEleflor
«' {AugvftusyKingof Po/and) and introduc'd it with,* the following Preface."
retanng
PREFACE,
To the Second Epition.
PRESENTSTATE OF THE COURTOF
Saxony, wbicb is addedto tbis Edition, basno needof a Preface to recommendit, tbe very Title
Jhewingthat 'tis wbat concernseverySaxon efpeciallyto beacquaintedwith.
Ail Subjetls baye a defira ta knowfometbing oftheir Sovereign and private Menin everyState bavethis Curiofity, witb refpeiï ta their Minifters andCourtiers. 'Tbefeare tbe GbaraEters wbicb I bave
ventured to draw, tbo' I own, tbat I don*t t tbinkI
have alwaysbit tbe Life>for want of tbat Penetra-tion and Delicacy of Imagination wbicb Nature,to me a Step~Motber bas denfd me and alfo be-
caufe it would bave beenneeeffaryfor me to bave
ftay'd longertban I did at Drefden. ïbree Montbs
Refidenceat fo great a Court, are bardly fufficienttemakea Man acquaintedwitb it, were bis Fund ofKnowledgeeven as deep as mine is fballow. 'Tben•œhata Prefumptionwouldit befor meto tbink I baveattained to it 1
Imufi not dijfemble,tbat this Bookwitball its Im-
perfeftions,bas cqjtmemoretrouble in compofingtban
onemucblarger wouldbave doneupona SubjeEltbatbad beenmèrefamiliar to me. Tbere was a necejfiiyfor me to make Inquiry into any Particularsy andtoget fome of myInformation from-aprivate band.I ownmyObligationto tbe CiviHtyof M. Konig, tbe
Caunfellorof tbe Court, for tbe IntelligenceI wantei
xvi PREFACE to
relating tofomtof the Court-Nobility. If I had beatfa happyas to bavefound out but oneor two Perfonsmoreas aftivefor meas bewas, myfVorkwouldbavebeenmorecorreft and more extenjive. Sucbas it isxIintreat the Reader to acceptit, and to forgive anyErrer in it, in conftderetiontbat I am the firji wbabas venluredto treat offucb a SubjeEt. I own, tbereis a certain degreeof Rajbnefsin the Undertakingxbut tbe nobleMotive tbat bas induc'd meto it, feemsto plead for myexcufe.
AU Saxony knowsin general, that 'lis govern*dby a Sovereign,gracious, and vigilant to render it
bappy. It were needlefsto fet the Kinfs VirtuesandAftions before their Eyes, wbicb the Peoplealreadyadmire, and pray for bim. But as tbis Great Princedoesnotwant thofewboenvybis Glory, they are tbe
PerfonswhomI bave cbofeto makeûfham'doftbem-felvcs and bave endeavoured,if poffibleyto reclaimotberswhoma fatal blindnefskeefs at a âifiancefrombis Majeflys Perfon
AUthat ever bad the bonour of approachingAu-
guftus III. will agree witb metbat be aderns tbat
ICbrone,upen wbicb a refpeilful Nationbas plac'dbim and tbat wbatever 1bave faid oftbis Monarcb
isfhort ofwbat migbt bemention*d, How is it pof-fible togive tbe true Portraiture of a Kingbornwitb-outVice, byPrinciple virtuous, and religiouflygood?To admirebimin filenceis theonfyway topleafe bim,whicb I know too well, not to conformto it and
tberefore I bave notprefum'd to expatiate fa far inbis Praife as tbeSublimityof tbeSubjeffdemands.
Tbefame Averfionof tbe ÇilueentoPraife, bas con-
fin'd mewitbin tbefame bounds. HowmanyVirtuesbave not I beenforc*d to fmotber? Wbat Tbougbts
bave
TheReaderwillpleafetooWerw,that ttÎ6PrefacewaswrittenduringthelateDillraftionsinPoland,beforetheMale-contentLordshadrcconcil'd(hemfelvesto theirAllegiancetotheirlawfulSovereign.
to ihe SecondEdition..xvii
AD-
have not I facrific'd, left IJhould offendthe nobleMo-
deftyof tbat AugujlPrincefs, whowitb a Simplicityattending ber Grandeur, makesber Gloryto conjijlin
beinghumblein tbe midftof Honours ?I belicve no bodywill difputetbe ïruth of wbat I
bave advanc'd relating to tbe PRINCEROYALand
ELECTORAL,tbe PRINCEShis Brothefs, andth;
Princesses HISSISTERS. Tbehopes1 bave raifedofwbat maybeexpeftedfromtheir Royal High-
NESSES,will furelybeconfirnfdbyTimet and by ail
thofewbobave accefsto tbem.Tbe Aftionsof tbe DukeJohn-Adolphus of Saxe-
Weîflênfels are fo well eftablijb'dthat I lave not
tbougbtfit to anticipate e Hijlory,bywbicbthey are tobeconfecrated Andfor tbe famé reafon, I bave but
juft toucb'd uponthe amiableQualifies of bis Mind,wbicbare rever'd bothbythe Court and tbeArtny.
As to tbePrincefs of Saxe-Weiflènfels, 1 franklyown, tbat as I badnot the bonourofpayingmyCourttober, wbat I have faid ofber Virtues bas nootber
Autbority tban tbe Voiceof tbe Publick, wbicb canneverfpeak enougbin ber Praife.
Ibavebeen morecopiousin treating of'tbeMinifiersandwbat I havefaid oftbemisfo true, tbat tbeywhoknow tbem not maytberebyform a juft Idea of wbat
tbeyare.
I bave taken as viuchnoticeof tbe principal Lordsand tbe moftdiftinguifh*dLadies of tbe Court, as tbelittle time I bad for tbis Work, and tbe Limits towbich Iwas confin'd,wouldpermit. I flatter myfelftbeywillforgive tbeFreedomwitb wbich I ufe tbemand hopeI bave preferv'd a Decencyin myLanguageixhich willfecure mefront Reproacb.
,~1-w ï
v
lmP-euti a s
ADDENDA toVol.I.
PAR 15. M. Beaufobre, Minifter of the Go-
j- fpel at Berlin, and Author of avérai Jearned
Treatires, died in May 1738.P. 26. The Princefs of Brandenburg- Scbwedt,
fourth Daushter of theKing of Pruj}iatwasdeli-ver'd of a Daughter in Afril 1738.
P. 27. The Count de Trucbfes Walbourg, Ma-
jor-Genera! in the Service of the King of
Pruffia, died at Berlin in April 1738.P. 34. In July 1738, his Pruffian Majefty, toge-ther with the Prince Royal and Prince Wil-
liam, made a Tour to Holland, and paid a
Vifit to his moft Serene Highnefs the Prince of
Orange.P. 66. His Excellency Baron Hattorf, Secre-
tary of State for the Affairs of Hanovtr., diedin Augufi 1737.
P. 70. Cbriftina- Louifa, Princefs of Œtingert,died in 1736.
P. 72. Pbilippina-Cbarlotte, Duchefs of Brunf-
wic-Wo/fembuttle, and third Daughter to the
King of Pruffia, after having had two Sons
by Duke Charlesher Hufband, viz. the firft bornin 1 TiSt and the other, who is called George-Francis, in 1736, wasdeliver'd alfo of a Daugh-ter in September17 37, who in the Month fol-
lowing was baptiz'd by the Names of Cbrifiina-Scpbia-Maria.
P. 105. M. de Miltitz, who was Tutor to the
prefent King Augufluswhën he was Electoral
rnuce of Saxony,died in Marcb 1738.P.P.
Addenda to Vol. I. xix
a 2 Y.
P. 113. The Princefs Royal of Poland wasmarriedin July 1738, to Don Carlos King of Naplesand Sicily.
P. 130. The Count de Sulkow/ii mjanuary 1738fell under fome Difgrace, fo that his Majeftyorder'd his Papers to be fëal'd up, and ex-cufed him from farther Attendance on him, butwas willing he (hould keep the Title and Rankof Minifter of the Cabinet, and General of the
Foot, with 6000 Crowns Penfion.
P. 140. Aàolphus de Brubl was in January 1738appointed Grand-Mafter of the Horfe, at theSaxon Court, in the room of the Count de
Sulkowjki.P. 142. The Count de Mofchhjki died in Septem-
ber 1737.P. 147. The Count de Diedricbftein died at
Prague in September1737. He was Baron of
Hollenbourg,Finckenftein,Dablberg and Lanrf-kroon,Hereditary Great Huntfman of Styria^lie-reditary Cup-Bearer of Carintbia, Knight of theOrder of St. Jobn of Jerufalmt Grand Prior inBobemia,Moravia, Silefia,Carintbia, Styria, Ti-
rol, Aujlria and Poland, Bailiffof the aforefaid
Order, and Commander of the Commanderiesof Little Oels, Furftenfeîd and Mofling, a Privy-Counfellor of the Emperor, and Governour-Ge-neral of the Kingdom of Bobemia.
P. 168. The la Duke of Saxe- Merfcbourgmen-tion'd in the Note of that Pa^e, died in MayI738-
P. 182. In April 1738, the Emperor appoint-ed the Prince of Saxe-Gotha Lieutenant Velt-Marihal of his Armies and in Septemberfol-
lowing he folicitedthe Diet of Ratijlon for thePoft of fecondVelt-Marlhal Generalof the Em-
pire, in the Difpoûlof the Prpteftant States, va-cant by the Death of the Baronde IVutgenau.
xx Addenda to Vol. I.
alJ
P. 182. Augufta Princefs of Wales was deliver'dof a Princefs on the 3ift of July 1737, whowas baptized after her own Name; and onthe 24th of May1738, Ihe was deliver'd of aPrince whowasbaptiz'd George-WilliamFrédéric.
P. 208. The Margravine of Brandenbourg-Cultn-i>acb, Mother to the Queen of Denmark, died
at Copenbagenin Auguft1737, in the 7Oth Yearof her Age, very much lamented.
P. 220. Count Pbilip Kinjki was made Chan-
cellor of Bobetnia,in May 1738, in the room ofthe late Count de Colloïvrat.
P. 233.. The Archduchefs, Wife to the Duke of
Lorrain, had a Daughter, born January 25,
1737, and another born in Septmber 1738.P. 264. The eldeft Son of the Duke Ferdinand of
Bavaria, died in jfpril ty 38.P. 266. The Count Maximilian de Fugger died at
Viennat in January 1738.P. 266. The Count de fbirbeim died in Ja-
nuary 1738, at Lintz, the Capital of UpperAuftria.
P. 285. Charles-AlexanderDuke of JVtrtmberg-Stutgard, died on the ift of March 1737,and wasfucceededby his eldeftSonEugène-Lewisthe prefent Duke, who was born the 3Oth of
January 1728.P. 298. The Margrave of Baden-Dourlacbdied
the firft of May1738, at Carelfrube, who hav*
ing no Iflue living, is fucceeded by Fredericot fVitgenftein,,who is marry'd to the Princefs
Augufta-Amelia-Jlbertinaof NaffauSiegen. TheDeceafed was 58 Years and near 11 Months of
Age, being born the i7th ofjune 1679. Hewasa General in the Emperor's Army, and GreatMafter of the Artillery in the Circle of Suabia.
By his Wife, a Daughter of the Duke of Wir-
tembtrg-Stutgardyhe had fourChildren, who are
Addendato Vol.t xxl
Ferdinand^
ail dead. When he laid the Plan and Founda-tion of the City and Caftle of CarelfruJbe,he
gave equal Liberty of Confcience to the Luthe-
nuis, Calvinifts, and Roman Catholics.P. 52 1. The Cardinal da Scbonborndied in Augufi
1737.P. 335. The Baron de Beveren, Grand Marftial
at the Eledtor Palarine's Court, died there in
January 1738.P. 357. In January 1738, the Prince of Heffe-
Hombourg was married to the Velt-Marihal
Trubetjkaf* Daughter.P. 362. After the Death of the Count of Hanatt
without lflue, the Succeflîon was awarded tothe Prince of Darntfad as next Heir, on con-dition of his paying 200000/. by way of Com-
penfation to the Houfe of Cajfel.
ADDENDA to Vol. IL
AG.14. Cardinal Biffidied in Augufi 1737.
J[. P. 44. Cardinal Olivierit Secretary of the
Pope's Briefs, died at Romein February 1738.P. 61. Prince James Sobiejki died in Deccmber
l737-P. 136. On the 28A of June 1737, the Great
Duke of Tufiaxy died in the 67th Year of his
Age, and was fucceeded by Francis Duke ofLorrain (who married the Emperor's Daughter)for whom poflêffion was immediately taken ofthe Duchy by the German Forces.
xxii Addenda to VoL II.
cur
Ferdinand, Duke of Courland,who is mentioned inthe fame Page, died in 1737; and the Nobilityaffemblingat Mittau elefted Count Biron, a Na-
tive, to fucceedhim.P. 150. The Affairs of Corfica are very much
alter'd fince the firft Edition of thefe Vo-lumes. Baron Theodorehaving left the Ifland,and promis'd to return foon with Succours,went to Amfterdam,where he was confin'd for
Debt but being foon difcharg'd by the Intereftof fome foreign Power, he proceeded to Paris,and thence to Marfeilles, in order, as he gaveout, to put himfelf again at the Head of the
Corficans But during this the French havingundertaken to be Mediators betwixt the Corficansand Genoefe,have, with the Approbation of both,fent a General thither with fome Troops, and the
Corficanshave agreed to fend over a dozen oftheir chief Men to the Court of France as Hoft-
ages for their good Behaviour but fince this,Théodorehas fet his Foot againupon that Ifland.
P. 257. The Duke of Liria, Son and Succefforto the late Marftial Duke of Berwic, died at
Naplesin May 1738.P. 260. TheMarlhal d'Eftrees died the 5th of De-
cember1737.P. 309. The Marihal de Wrangel, Governour of
BruJJehydied in Augufi1737, in the 87th Yearof his Age.
P. 332. TheSucceffion to the Duchies of Juliersand Berg, is an Affiir which has been verymuch canvafs'd for feveralMonths paft, betweenthe Eledtor Palatineand the Courts of Pruffiaand
Saxony. The maritime Powers of Great Britain
and Holîandhave propofed an Accommodation,with regard to the Succcffion, ihto which theEledor Palatine is willing to enter; but the
Courts of France, Pruffia and Saxonydon't con-
Addenda to Vol. II. xxiii
eur with it and France hasguarantee'd the ac-tual Poffeffionof thofe Duchies to the Prince ofSultzbacb.
P. 447. On the 2oth of Novmber 1737, Wil-belmina-Carolina Queen of Great Britain diedof a Mortification in her Bowels and on the
1 7thof Decemberfollowing fhe wasprivately in-terr'd in Weftminfier-Abbey.
B t3~ K x~t ~ed,
'i.»pHETbwdiod Founîi^teif* of tbç M£MQIRS «f
'l'T'' HE.Third. ao.dF.OU.4.t 'Mt",OI. I\$.~t j[. CHAttLEt-LT~sBAtO~jtt~MttK~e~theOitefM-tic«s he raadeîn hh kK^wà*ft6&JÇ*/p*%hKQ'PoUnJ, Gtr~wasy, Itaty, Wrvtei, Spaia, tUndtù, mj&ùtd, E*£W, Sec.«Jifcoveringnot only the prefent State of inechiet Cïtie» andTown», bit the Charactos of tbc principal Peifor» at the lève-rai Courts. •' V
». CYGLOP&DIA or, An UniverfalDjaionary of ARTSawi SCIENCES: Cootuining, An Explictsion of die Terms,and sa Acconnt of the Thinga fignificd tfexeby io the fè»er«l
Arts, both Liberaland Mecbanical,and the fiaréra)Sciences,Ho-man and Divine The Figures, Kiads, Properties, ProJuôi-on;, PreparitioftEMd Ufej of Things, Naturel and ArtificialTbe Rift, Pjogicfi, and State of Thioes, Ecclefiaftical,Civil,Military and Corarnercitl j with the feveral Syftems, Seâs,
Opinions, etc. aœoog Philofopheri, Divines, Mathematicians,
Phyûciaïu, Anùquaric**Critia, -fct. •. TJ«Whole iniended as• Courfê of Anticnt and ModernLnrning, extrjôed from tbcbeft Authors, Diôionaries, Jourtul», Memoirs, Tranfaâions,
Epheroeridei.&c. in ftverai Ungu»gej. ByR. Ckambers,F. HS.The SecondEdition, eorrefted îsd amended,eirith foneeAanr-
tions. In Two VûlHones,Folio.BAYLE's Gbgat Historjcal and Critical Dictiohaby,
the fécond Edition»carefullyCdllatedwith the fevetalEdition»of the Original i in wntch many PaffagesMe reftored, and the
Wholegreatly
augmentai particukrly with aTrandatton of the
Qitotuiont from emioent Writew in various Languages To
which isprefixed,the Life of tbe Author, revifed, correâed and
cnlarged, by Mr. Des Miixeaox, FtUowcf the RoyalSociety i
coœpleat in f Volumes,Folio.4- A Tour thro' the -wnoieIâind of Great Britiin, divided
into Circuits or Journks, gmog • particukr and entertainingAccount of whatever u Curious, and worth Obfervation, via.
t. A Defcriprionofthe principal Citiesand Towns, their Situ-
ation, Goretomentand Commerce. 2. TheCuftomi, M»nner»,
Exercifes, Di»erfions, asd Empteyraeot of the People. 3. The
Produce and lmprovemeot of the Landt, the Tride and Msnu-
faâury. 4. The Sea-Ports »nd Fortificationa, the Courfe of
River.. and tbe InfcodNavigatten. f. The PublicEdifices,Seata
and Palacesof the Nobility, and Gentry. Inteifperfcdwitb ufe-
ful Obfcrvations. Partictilarlyfitted for the Peru&l of fuch as
defireto travel over the Iflind. The fécond Edition, with verygreat Additions,Improvements*nd Correâions, which bring it
down to the beginning of the Ycar 1738, in three acat Pocka
Volumes. Prit*, tiitt ShiUi*Si-
AUprinredfor D. Irowks, without Ttmftt B*r.
Vol. L B terminate
ME MO I R S
O F THE
Baron de Pollnitz.
In SEVERAL LETTERS to
Mr. L. G D>S.
LETTER I.
S I R, Berlin,June6. 1729.
FR O M Breflawto Berlin 'tis 40 German
~J Miles of very even Country, well peopledand cultivated. There are 1 know nethow many little Towns in the Road, not
worth mentioning.The firft Place of any Importance is CROSse i».
This City is the Capital of theDutchy from whenceit has its Name, which formerly made a Part of
Silefia, but is now annex'd to the Eleflorate of
Brandenburgb.There's aBridge at Crqffèn,by whichwe pafsthe River Oder, defendedby Fortifications.The Town is fituate in a pleafant fruitful Country.The Houfes,whichare sîl ofBrick, are uniform, andthe Streets as ftrait as a Line. The chief of them,
2 Crosse n, Francfort, Berlin.
Berlin-
tcrminate in a great Square in the middle of the
Town, where there is a Statue of the King of Pruf-fia. The River Oder is of great advantage to the
Commerceof CroJJ'en, which carrieson aconfiderableTrade in Linnen-CIoth and Earthen Ware.
Going out of Croffen,we pafs this River by a
Bridge, aswedoalccond time overto Francfort,a confiderable City of the Marquifote of Branden-
bourg, famousfor its Fairs, and its Univerfity. ThisCity has ftood the Shock of various Revolutions.It wa-sput under the Ban of the Empire by the
Emperor Charles IV. for having difobey'd his
Orders and the Inhabitants to make him eafy wereforc'd to pay him down 1 2000Marks of Silver,which at thattime wasan immenfeSum. In 1631ithe Stvedesbefieg'd and took it by Storm, when
they put ail the Inhabitants to the Swordin repri-fal for theMaflàcreof 2000Swedes,whom theEm-
peror's General Count Tilfyhad inhumanly put todeath in the City of Brandtniourg. Bythe Peace
of Munjter, or Wejipbaliay which eftablifli'd the
Tranquility of the Empire, Francfort was reftor'dto the Eleétor of Brandenbourgits lawfulSovereign.
Hère is a Univerfity founded by Joacbim I.
(Margrave of Brandenbourg)in 1506, which is verymuch frequented by the Silefianstand by the Hun-
garian Proteftants.There are two Fairs a Year at Francfort, which
renderit a trading City, and its Commerceconfiftsin Linnen-CIoth, and Fells.
'Tis ten Miles from Francfort to Berlin, and a
flat fandy Country. The Road leads thro*Man-
tbcnbourgi a little Town chiefly inhabited by theI>;fcendantsof FrencbMen, who left their Countryupon the Revocation of the Edift of Nantes.
-Thenearer onecornes to theCapital of Branden^
Mjirgf the more fandy is theSoil, yet the CountryjttÎBUacesrtexity of Cornand Fruits.
Berlin. 3
Bî King'y
.B e R1 1 nis the common Refidencé of the Kingof Pruffia^and one of the Jargeft, beft built, and
beft govern'd Cities in all Germany. The Streers
are fpacious, ftrait, neat and well pav*d. The Si-
tuation is advantagious for tho' it lies in a veryfandySoil,yet it is encompafs'dwith agreeabJeGar-
dens produçing Fruits and,excellent Pulfe, and itsCommerce is much improv'd by the River Hpreeiwhich paffesthro' the City, and has a Communica-tion with the Havel, the Oder, and the Elbe.
The Freneby who for the fafceof Religion be-cameRefugees,hàvecontributed inan exrraordinaiymanner to the Eftablifhment and Aggrandifemencof Berlin, by the eftablifhing of ail iorts of Manu-
factures,and the introducing of Arts into it;and it
may belàidofthem, thatthey have omitted norhingto teftify their Gratitude to the Eleftor Frederic-William,andhis ï*ofterity, for the geperous Récep-tion which he gave them in his Dominions:
Berlin is divided into five Wardsexclufîve of the
Suburbs, whiçh are very extenfive. 1will run thro.thefe Wards in the drder of their Situation: Butbefore I do this, I proppfe to fhew you what ismoft remarkable in the Suburbs where the Houfes
aregeneraliyof Timber, but fo well plaifter'd thac
they feem to be of Stone and the Streets arebroad, lightfome and ftrait.
f In the Suburb of Spandauthe Queen has a dc-
jightfui Houfé and Gardens. The Houfe iscalled
Monbijoa a very proper Name for it, becaufe 'cis
really a Jewel. 'Tis a Pavilion, theApartments
ôf whichare laid out with Art, and furmlh'd with
great Judgment and Elegance. The Gardens are
çharming, and lie finelyopen to the River. ThisHoufe was built by the Countefs de Wartemberg,Wifec to the PrimeMinifter ofKing Frédéricl. Asher Hufband's Power and Favour wereat that timefo gr«t, that he did whji ever he plcas'd, ail the
4 Berlin.
fell
King's Workmen and Architefts us'd the uttnoft
Diligence to ferve her welJ. But fliedid not enjoy*his fine Houfe long; for it was fcarce compieatedwhen the King removed the Count from all his
Employments, and baniûVdhim to Francfort on theMaine. However, he fettled a Penfion upon himand lus Lady of 24000 Crowns, and the Countefs
by way of Acknowledgement gave the King this
Houfe, which of ail the immenfe Treafure that ihehad amafs'd, wasthe only Pièce that fhe cou'd not
carry with her. The King gave this Houfe to the
Princefs Royal now Queen, who has added greatEmbelJifliments to it, and brought it to its prefentState of Perfc&ion.
In the Suburbs of S trahit is the Houfe and Gar-dens of Belvédère, belonging to the King. Relié
Superintendant of the Finances to the Eleétor Fre-
dericWilliam> caus'd this Garden to be made, in
which he laid out confiderableSums; and asthis Mi-
nifter wasat other very great Expences, it foimpair'dhis Fortune, that he wasoblig'd to throw upall and
retir'd to Kolland; and being very much in debt
to the Eledtor, his Garden was forfeited to that
Prince, whomadea Prefent of itto M.de Fttcbst oneof his Minifters. King Frederie
I. purchas'dit of
thé latter, and after having embellilhed it, made a
Prefent of it to the Queen his third Wife; but that
Princefs's ill ftate of Health obliging her to retire
to Mecklenbourgher Native Country, Belvédère
became neçleéted.Near thts Royal Houfe is the magnificent Gar-
den. of Craut* whafrom a Boy bchind the Counter
rais'd himfelf by his Induitry to the Poft of Pay-maflcr General of the Army, and atlength to that
pfMinifterof State. He was to have been call'd
to account in his laft ftagc of Life, but he cunning-
ly divertedfhatStorm by feigninçhimfelf Lunattc;
Wdymc, h«leftanmTmenfcEltatc.partqf^hich
BER LIN. 5
B 3a
fell to the King by way of Reftitution, and thereft to his Nephew, who makes a grand Figure atParis.
1 enter'd Berlin thro'thatcall'd the Gate Royalt,whichhashad that Name ever fince the Day that
Frederic I. made his Entry there, after his Coro-
nation at Kmingsbergin Pruffia. This Gate isde-
fended by a Half-Moon, and two Baftions fac'd
with Brick, and fronts that call'd the Street Royale;one of the longeft and moft frequented in all the
City. There are very fine Houfes in it, particu-
larly that of M.deCatfcb, a Minifter of State, that of
Grumkau%and the Poft-Houfc, which laft Buildingwas begun by order of the late King, for his Fa-
vourite the Connt de Wurtemberg*who was here.
ditary Poft-Mafter.Thro' the Street Royalethere run fine, fpacious
and beautifulStreets. The firft is call'd la Rue du
Cloitrt, in which we fee the Royal Manufaftory.Frederic I. who bought it of the Heirs of the
Marfhal de Flemming, eftablifhed an Academy of
Nobles there fo that, on the Payment of three
hundred Crowns, they had Lodging, Provifion,and Inftruttion inevery thingthat ic'snaturalaMan
of Quality lhoud know. This EftabliûSmentex-
ifted a few Years, but funk at laft meerly thra' the
Negleftof Perfons whofe Buiinefb'twastotakecare
of it. The prefent King has changM this Fabrick
into a Work-houfe, and allowedLodgings in it for
feveral Woollen Manufafturers.0
Adjoining to the Royal Manufaftory, there are
public Warehoufes, which were eftabliîhed and
built by the late King; and being deftroyed by
Fire, the prefent King caus'd them to be rebuilt.
Oppoïîte to the Warehoufesftands the Houfeof M.
de Creutz, Minifter of State; which has fine Apart-ments, and is very neatly furnifh'd. Higher in
the fime Street there's the Houfe of M. Duvaine,
6 Berlin.
firous1.~
a TrenchMan by Birth, and Lieutenant-Generalofhis PrujftanMajefty's Forces AndcontiguoustohisHoufe, which makes a fineAppearance, is theCal-vinifts new Church, a Structure rais'd after theModel of Grunberg, an Architedt who had beforeacquir'd a Reputation, whichdid not futrerby his
Çonirivanceof tins great Fabrick: The Front ofit is magnificent, but the infide plain, as areall théChurches of the Cahinifts, which you know don'tadmit of Images, The fubterranean Places or Ca-tacombs, for interring thofe that worfhip here,are worth feeing. Several Perfons have beenintprr'd there of 'great Note, particularly Cajjmirde Colbe, Count de Wurtemberg, Prime Minifter,Great Chamberlain, Mafter of the Horfe, Poil-Mafter General, Proteftor of all the Académiesinthe Dominionsofthe King of Pruffia%and Knightof thé Order of the Black Eaglc. Being banifli'din 1711, to Francfort upon the Maine, where hedied the Year following, heorder'd that his Corpfelhou'd be carry'd to Berlini and his Will was ac-çordingly fulfilPd. He was fo dear to King Fre~deric I. that he was very loth to part with himbut was, as it were, compeH'd to it by a Cabal; who
pppos'd his Miniftcrial Authority; thof he wasprovok'd at the Infolence of Wartembtrgs Wife,and at his mean Submiflîon to her. The Kingmade an Offer to him afterwards, by the Count
Cbrijicpblede Debna,(who wasthen his Ambafîador
at Francfort, for the Election of the Emperor,) t6
corne and refume his Emp'oyments, on condition
that he wou'd not bring his Wife with him but
Wartetnbergrefus'd, faying, he wasengag'd in ho-
nour not to forfake her. Perhaps he wasvery gladpf this Excufe for not returning, becaufe he had
pncè experienc'd the Viciflitude of Fortune, and
knew we that he had been too powerful a Man
not to be hated. King FreàtrU who was de-
Berlin. 7
B 4 who
firousto fec his Funeral pafs by, cou'd not refrain
Tears; which undoubtedly was the greateft Cha-ra&er thac he cou'd give of his Minitter.
Next to the Count de Wartemberg'sTomb, is
that of Hwrietta de Poltnitz, Witè to FrancisCount de Duhamel, the Venetians Generaliiîimo.Her Huftnnd dying in the Morea^ this Lady re-
turn'd to Venice%propofing to go andend her Daysat Berlin, where fhe was born but while fhe was
performing her Quarantain the died, after defiringher Body to be carry'd to Berlin which was ac-
cordingly donc by two of her Nephews, and
one of her Nièces, whom flie made her Heirs.
There is alfo the Tomb of the Count de Denboff,Lieutenant-Général of the King's Armies, Knightof hisOrder of the Black-Eagle, Minifter of State,Governour of Memel, and AmbaiTador at the
Treaty of Utrecht,where he acquireda high Repu-tation among the foreign Minitters. The MarihaldeVillars, who had known him at Vienna, when
he the Marflul rcfided there in the quality of Mi-
nifter, to take care of the Affairs ot France, faid
to me one day, fpeaking of the Count de Denbofftthat.the King of Pruffia cou'd not do enough to
reward the Count's great Merit. If bevm'd bavebeenrufd byme, added he, be wou'd bave beenin
tbe Serviceof tbeKing myMafter.The fecondStreet that croflfesthe StreetRoyale, is
the Jews Street, whichruns into the SquareMolcke-
Marc~E;where the Hotel de Scbwerinmakes a fine
Appearance. Within a few Houfes lower down,there's a Manufaftory of Gold and Silver Lace,Whichone Scbindlerhas effablithed with good fuc-
çefs This Houfe belong'd to the Wife of M. de
Wenfen, Marthal of the Court to King Frederic I.
but fhe refign'd it as part of Payment of a Fine,to which her Hufband had been condemn'd bythé Count de Wartemberg, then prime Minifter
8 Berlin.
Juted
who confin'd M. Wenfenin Cvjlrin Caftle, becaufehe had prefum'd to repreferit to the King that theTable ofthe prime Minifter, whichwasferved by his
Majefty's Cooks.and Butlers, was more expenfivethaii his Majefty's own Table.. Wenfen however,
upoh the PaymentofthisFine, obtain'd his Liberty,and was banifh'd tohisLandsin the Dutchy of Zell.
In the middle of Molcke-Marck is the Statue ofFrederic I. Father to the prefent King, with aCrown on his Head, and a royal Mande on his
Shoulders. The Statue was caft by order of Fré-deric î. himfelf, who intended to have it plac'd inthe Court of the Arfenal but dying before it cou'dbe brought about, the King his Soncaus*dit to befet up where itnow ftands, which is indeeda muchbetter Place for it.
The SpandauStreet, which is the third that crof-fes the StreetRoyale,containsthe Town-Houfe, andother fine Buildings The StreetSt. Efprit is altoge-ther asbeautiful,asis theKay, which frontsthe Caifleor Palace of the King. Upon this Kay we fee theHoufe of the Baron de Vemefobret whofe An.ceftors being Frencb Proteftant Merchants, fettledat Koningjbergin PruJJia* He was in France at thetime of the MiffiffippjPlague, which, tho'fo fatal to
others, prov'd fo fortunate to him, thathegain'd fe.veral Millions ofLivres, with whichhecame and fet
upat Berlin, wherehehastakento building, havingpurchas'd the Eftate of Hobenfibnfrom Monfieur de
Borflel, one of the beft Gentlemen of the Country,
procur'd himfelf the Title of Counfellor of State,and cuts a Figure nowamong Perfons of Quality.
The Churches of St. Mary, St. NUbolas*and
that belonging to the Garrifon, are as magnificentas any of the Proteflant Churches. St. Marys has
a beautiful Spire. When Frédéric I. made his
royal Entry here, at his return fromhisCoronation,a Man afcendcdto the Globe of this Spire, and fa-
BE RLIN. 9
When
luted the new King by flourifliinga pair of Colours.
The Church of the Gàrrifon was founded by thelate King, but was very much damag'd fome Years
ago by the blowing ùpofa Magazine of Gun-
Powder in the Neighbourhood, juft as they were
removing it to a fafer Place. King Frederic WïU
liamhas caus'd it to be rebuilt with more Magnifi-cence than before. The Organs are very fine, andrhe Galleries very well contriv'd.
That Ward of Berlin which 1 have now run
through, is feparated from that of Coin or Cologneby the River Spree, over which there are four
Bridges, whereof there is one of Stone, call'd the
Pont-neuf. FredericI. in imitation of the Pont-
neuf at Paris, famous for the Statue of Henry IV.caufed the Equeftrian Statue of his Father, the E •
leftor Frederic-William, to be erefted upon this
Bridge, with very great Pomp and Splendor; forno Prince in Germany ftrove more than he did to
copy Lewis XIV. in Magnificenceand every thingelfe. When this Statue was dedicated, the Countde Lottum, who was then Grand Marfhal of tha
Court, accompanied by moft of the Courtiers on
horfeback, and by the City Companies, aflifted atthe Ceremohy, which was performed with an Ap-paratus, till then unknown in Germany upon thelike Occafions but had been praftilèd at Paris,when the Statue of Lewisle Grand was ere&ed inthat City.
This entire Monument was defign'd by one Ja-cobi, who afcer feveral Years Labour and confiant
Application to it, hasbrought it to its prefent State.This fkilful Operatorhas reprefented the Eleétor ina RomanDrefs, and in an heroic Stature that isto fay, above the natural Size. The Statueis placedon a magnificentPedeftal of whiteMarble. At thefour Cornersof the Bafe, are placed as many'Slavesin Brafs, who ièemas if they werechain'd to it.
10 Berlin.
la-
When one has pafs'd the Bridge, the King's Pa«lace offers itlèlt to view a great and ftately Far
bric, which Frederic I. began in the Year 1699,and a worthy Monument of that Prince's Magni-ficence, who was of Opinion, that of all the Sums
expended by Sovereigns, thofe which they lay outin Buildings are leaft liable toCenfure. And indeed
Magnificence iswell beftowed, and even Profuûonfeems juftifiable in Architecture, becaufe grandEdifices are the principal Ornament of any State.
The Palacehas been the Workmanlhip of feveral
Architecte the Name of the firft was Schluter,but he not
givingSatisfaction was difmifs'd, and
went into the Service of the Czar Peter Akxiawitz.Whatever he did is extremely incumber'd with Qr-naments which have not a due Proportion. HisSucceflbr was Eofander, a Swede%who is a Lieu-tenant-General in theServiceof theKiug oiPoland:He was oblig'd in fome meafure to purfue what
Scbluterhad begun fo that if he has not corne offwell every where, he has at leaft that for his Ex-cufe. The third wasBot, a Frencbman, and nowGeneral Officer in Poland who without difputewas a much better Artift than the others. Evcrything that he has done is more fimple, yet more
grand, noble, and complete.Thefe diree Architects having gone upon dif-
ferent Plans, you will eafily imagine that the Frontsare not perfedtly regular yet for all this, had the
Palace been finifh'd according to the Models ap-prov'd of by the late King, it wou'd have been ùfeîerior to no Edifice for Grandeur and Magnificence,excçpt the Louvre of Paris. King Frederic-»ril-liam does not think fit ta carry on this Building,but leaves that Honour to his Son, the Prince
Royal.As to giving you all the Particulars of this vaft
Palace, you will be fo good as to excufe me Be
BE RLIN. iz f
very
fatisfiedif I only tell you, that it confifts of four
Stories The Apartments are large, hâve fine
Cielings, and are royally furnifh'd. In no part ofthe World did I ever feefuch a prodigiousquantityof Plate, Tables, Stands, Luftres, Chandeliers,
Scretns, Looking-Glafs Frames, Couches, Arm-
Chairs, all of Silver. The late King left Plate to
thevalue of two Millions eight hundred thoufand
Crowns, not reckoning theFafhion. In that call'd
the Knights Hall, there's a Beaufet which takes
up one intire fide of the Room, where there are
Cifterns and BafonsSilvergilt, ofan extraordinarySize.
The Furniture of the grand Apartment is veryrich there's a fine Gallery adorn'd with Pi&ures,the Cieling of which was painted by one Peine, à
Frencbman, who in divers Compartments bas ikil-
fully reprefented the principal A&ionsof King Fre-
deric I. At the End of this Gallery there's a Sa-
loon, which was formerly magnificent to the laft
degree, being wainfcotted, if may fo call it, with
Amber But the late Czar coming no Berlin in his
return from Rollandand France, and not a little ad-
miringthis Furniture, which was the only thing of
its kind, the King made him a Prefent of it fothat what had been amafs'd with great Care and
Coft by feveral Eleétors, fell in orié Day into the
handsof a Nation, which, no longer ago than the
beginningof the prefent Century, wasreckon*dBar-barian.
The Palace had fineGardens belonging to it be-
fore theywere deftroy'd, and converted into a Place
of Arms, and a Parade for the Guards.Hard by the Palaceare the King's Stables, a very
grand Building, facing the great Street. The Ar-chiteâure without is Gothic,but the infide is more
tnagnificeitt the Stables are broad and foacious,
12 Berlin.
tice
very lofcy, and very lightfome the Mangers are
of Stone, and the Pillars which mark the Stands
for the Horfes, are of Iron, and adorn'd with the
King's Cypher, gilt Over the Mangers are feveral
great Pictures o the fineft Horfes that ever came
out of his Majefty's Studs. The Backfide of the
Stablesprojeéts towards the River Spreet to which
they can lead the Horfes by a Stair-Cafe without
Steps, buijt in the form of a Horfe-Shoe.
The Main Body of the Houfe contains grand
Lodgings for the Mafter of the Horfe, and the Of-
ficers under him. Over the Stables are greatRooms where they keep a deal of fine Furniture,both for the Horfe and Mule magnificentSleds, with convenientHarnefs, adorn'd with Bells
of Silver, or Silver gilt a great number of fine
Arms;¡ the rich Accoutrements of the Horfe
which ferv'd Frederic I. on the Day of his pub-lic Entry all the Ornamenrs of the Bridle, the
Breaft-Leather, and Crupper, as well as the Bits
and Stirrups, being ofGold adorn'd with Brilliants.
Over tlie Riding-Houfe is the great Theatre,
where, in the late King's time, Interludes and Co-
medies us'd to be aâed before the whole Court
but the Opera of Roxana and Altxandtr was the
laft that was afted on it. It was play'd in 1708,
upon the Marriage of King Frederic I. with So-
pbia of Mecklemberg. In 1 706, an Interlude was
aâed there, on account of the Arrivai of the Prin-
cefs Royal, now Queen intitled,Beautytriumpbingover ~ff~J at which the Markgraves Frederic-
Albert and Cbri;fian-Lewis, the late King's Bro-
thers, danc'd, with all the young Courtiers.
As we go farther down the great Street, wecorne
to the Fifh-Market, where isthe Hotel of the Cityof Cologne,and DorfflingsHotel occupied by the
Count de Finck. This Family is oblig'd for its
Rife tothe Marlhal Dorffling,whofroman Appren-
Berlin. 13
being
tice to a Taylor rais'd himfelf by his Valour andMerit to the higheft Pofts in the Army. The
Story goes, that whenhe had ferv'd his Apprenties-fhip at 'tangenmnity having a mind to go to Ber-
lin, he cameto a part of the Country wherehecou'dnot proceed without crofling the Elbe, but not ha-
ving wherewithalto pay hisPafîâge, the Ferry-Menrefus'd to carry him over; which fovex*dhim, thathethrew hisKnapfackinto thé Riverin a Pet, curs'dthe Trade of a Taylor, and went back to Tanger-tnunde,whereheHftedhimfelf Soldier. There beinga War at that time all over Germany^it was no dif-ficult matter for the youngWarrior to find an Op-
portunityto fhew his Courage; and he fignalied it
m fucha manner, that his Officers,who were ail inlove with him, ftrove to advancehim,and thereforemade him known to the Eleétor Fredtric-William.This Prince who lov'd, rewarded, and was a goodJudge of Valour, did not depend upon what Fame
reported of him; but in order to feehis OfficersandSoldiers fight with his own Eyes, condufted themhimfelf to the Enemy, and very foon took notice
ofDorffling. He faw him at every part of theField where there was Honour to be won Hefaw he was a fenfible induftrious Fellow, that hehated Parties and Cabals, and that he had thatGermanic Probity which was the diftinguifh'd Vir-tue of our Forefathers, but which we now contentourfelves with admiring. The Eleftor obfervingfuch a Stockof Virtue in Dorffling,thought himde-
ferving of his Favour, advanc'd him to thetip-topEmployments, and made him very rich. Envy,which is asold asthe World itfelf, and which likethat, neverftandsftill, made feveralofthe Courtiers
jcalousofthe Fortune'or rather the Merit of Dorffling,and there were fome who did not ftick to fay, that-ifthe Marihalcameto beever fogreat a Nobleman,he wou'd always retain the Air of a Taylor. This
14 Berlin.
ch?nts»
being carry'd to Dorffling,True enougb, faid he* Iwas a Taylor, and I bave cut out Clotb\ but n&wyfaid he, clapping his Hand to the Hilt of his
Sword, 1 bavean Infinimentin myHand, witbwbicbl'll cut off tbeEars of anyMan tbat Jlanders me.
This brave Fellow liv'd to a great Age, and lefta Son who wasone of the Kingof Prw^a'sLieute-nant-Generals, and Colonel of a Regiment of Dra-
geons, but died without Iflue. He had not quite tlie
Vivaciry ofhis Father; but hehad his Honour and
Integrity.Going out of the Fifli-market, as wc turn to the
right, one perceives the Lutberan Church of St.Peter which isa confiderableStru&ure and thenwe come into that caJJ'd the Fryars Street, theHoufes of which are all well built. In this Streetftands the Palace where the Aidic Council meets,which in France they caJJthe Parlement 'tis herethat all Civil Caufesare try'd, and from thencethere liesan Appeal to the King's CounciJ.
Beyond the Palace there is a Square, on the
Right fideof which there's a Church with Cupolawhich belongs to the Cahinifts, and is Jook'd up-on as the Cathedral of Berlin For you know thatthe laceKing madetwoBilhops, one in PruJJiaandthe other at Berlin, and they were the Prelatesthat crown'd him. They are fince dead, and the
prefent King lets their Sees lie vacant. In thisChurch is the Tombof the Royal Family. There'sagreat Row of Buildings over againft it, whichcon-flits of feveral uniform Houfes belonging to Mer-
ThisChurchbeingdeftroy'dby Ligbtningin 1730,nmagnificentlyrchuilt. The2 in of Àfvjl1734,thenewSpireofic,whichhadbeenxYearjere&ing,andwswcarry'duptotheHeightofabouttooFeet,fellat 9 o'dockst NightuporitheRoofoftheCharch,wherebythatandtheneighbouTingHoule»fuffer'dveryygreatDamge. Howit happen'd,nobodyyetknowsfome layitwascaus'dbyThunder,othersbyan Eanh-quake,andfomewillhaveit thatitfclldownofitsownaccord.
BERLIN. 15
turc
4
chants, and fupported by ftately Arches with Shopsundetthem, where are fold all forts of Goods.
Turning round by that Piazza, brings one to afecondBranch of the River, whichdivides the Wardof Coin from that of Werder. This River, whichhas three wooden Bridges over it, is confin'd in aCanal lin'd with Freeftone, and form'd by twofine Kays.
The moft confiderible Edifices in the Ward ofWerderare the Royal Cuftom-Houfe, fo commodi-
ouflyfituate that Boatscancorneup clofe to it: TheFrench School, and theirChurch, which is ferv'dbyable Minifters; fome of whom,as the late M. Len-
fant (Author of the celebrated Hiftory of theCouncilof Confiance,&c. and Chaplain to the Kingof PruJ/ia) M. de Beaufobreand M. Jacqueiot^ &c.
haveacquir'd aReputation in theRepublicofLetters.The Royal Hunting-Houfe is a large magnificentStructure for lodging the great Huntfmanandallhisinferior Officers There too isthe great Dog- Kenneland the Magazines for ail the Hunting Equipage.Near this place is the Hotel or Palace for Ambaf-
fiidors, where are likewife entertain'd fuch ForeignPrinces as are not of a Rank high enough to beaccommodated in the King's Palace. This Hotel
belong'd formerly to theBarondeDanckelman,PrimeMinifter to KingFrederic whenhewasonly Ele&or,and being built by the faid Minifter at a time whenhe wasfuch a Favourite that he did almoft whathe
pleas'd, he fpar'd no Coft to render it a Manfion
worthy of his high Station. I wasaffur'd by Per-fonsofCredit then alive, that after it was built, thelate King had a Defire to feeit, upon whichocafionM. de Danckelmanmade a great Entertainment forhim and that while the Queen and the wholeCourt were dancing, the King retir'd into his Mi-nifter*sClofet, to have a private Conference withhim and looking very earncftly on a certain Pic-
i 6 Berlin.
lately5
ture there, M. de Danckelmantold him, that Pic-ture and all that he faw would foonbe his Majefty's.The King not knowing what he meant, defir'd hisMinifter to explain himfelf whereupon he made
anfwer, That he fhou'd very Ihortly incur his
1 Difpleafure that his Fall wou'd be attended by« theForfeiture of all his Eftate that he Ihould be
arrefted and committed to the Spandau Prifon iand that thera he Ihould be confin'd ten Years, at
the Expiration of which his Innocence wou'dbe made to appear, his Eftate wou'd be reftor*dto him, and he (hou'd be taken again into his
1 Majefty's Favour.' The King, who was at thattime very fond of his Minifler, and did not thinkhe cou'd ever do without him, ridicul'd what hehad faid as the Surmife of a Vifionary, and was
going to fwear by the New Teftament then upona Table in the Room, that this fad Prophecy«rou'd never corne to pafs. But the Minifter heldhis Hand, and begg'd him not to take an Oathwhich it wou'd not be in his power to keep.
I tell you this Story juft as 1 had it from a
Lady of Quality to whom the King himfelf toldit But in lhort, let the Story be as it will, 'tis
very certain that M. de Danckeimanwas difgrac'd,committed Prifoner to Spandau, and from thenceremov'd to Peitz, without any Companion but his
Wife, who generoufly defir'd to fuffer Imprifon-ment with him. His Confinement lafted much
longer than he hadprophefy'd, and when at lengthhe obtained his Releafe, he wasnot reftor'd to his
Employments, nor even to his Eftate. 'Tis faid in-deed that the prefent King, who on his Àcceffionto the Crown fent for M. de Danckeltnanto Berlin,offer'd him the Miniftry but that the Baronexcus'd
himfelfby reafon of his great Age and his tedious
Imprifonment, which had made him lofe the Con-ncftion of Public Affairs. This Minifter died
Berlin. 17
VOL. I. /C The
lately, havînglived to the Ageof foùrfci-re. Hisre-
markabJeDifgrace, andfifteen YearsConfinementina Prifon, had not funk his Spirits, aor fhock'd his
ConftancyofMind andone fhall fcrtrcemeetwithanInftance inHiftory, either before or fince, of moreMerit and more Misfortune in oneand the famePer-fon. He wasa paflionateAdmirer of Learned Men,anda Rewarder of Virtue. In a word, by the Dif-
grace of this Great Man, the State loft a faithfuldif-intereftedMinifter, and Men of Learningloft a Me-
cœnasyfull of Zealand folid Knowledge, who neverfail'd to fupport by his own Authority, and to
procure ARçward from his Mafter, for all Perfonsthat apply'd to him with any Propofal that was ufe-ful and uncomrnon.
To go fromthe AmbaflaorsHoteltotheNewTown,one rhuftpafs before theHoufe belonging to theGo-vernour of Berlin* who is at prefent the MarfhalCount àéWartenJkben a Nobleman whofe Virtues,long Services,and great Age, challengeVeneration.The Houfe he lives inwasbuilt by order of theElec-tor Freàerk-Wiliiam^ for the Reception of the Mar-inai de Scbomberg,who refign'd the Battoonof theMarfhal of France to LewisXIV. after that Princehad revok'd theEdiébof Nantes,and camewith anu-merousRetinueof Gentlemen, todefire Employmentunder theEleftor Accordingly that Prince gavehimtheCommand of hisTroops, but theMarfhal quittedthat Employment, to accompanythe PRINCEofOrange to England^ in his famous Expedition a-
gainft his Father-in-Law and he likewife attendedthat Prince to Irelaud, whereheacquir'd greatGlory,but was kill'd in paffing the River Boyne.
ThbHoufeis nolongerthe Govemonr's;fortheKing,whohascaufedgreatAddition»tobemadetoit, basgivenit to thePrinceRoyal,andit goesbytheNameofthePrinttRoyaP$Pa.Itut. TheGovernonrlivesat prefentin theStreetReyalt,theKinehavingpurchag'dthefineHoofeof CatfiàtherepurpôfelySprtheGovenuwu'jRefidence.1,
r r^'
i8 BERLIN.
and
The Governour*sHoufeisfeparatedbyagreatSquarefrom the Arjenal,which isoneof the compleateftFa-brics in Europe, and was built according to a Model
defign'd by Bety whom 1 mention'd to you beforcwhich fkilfulArchiteft has,upon thisoccafion,cqual-Jedanything that waseverdonebythefunousBernitt.
The intireStrufturcconfiftsof fourmain Bodiesof
Building, which form a fpaciousQuadrangle in themiddle. The lower Story isof Ruftic Architefture,with arch'd Windows. There are three great Por-ticots at the Entrance to each Front. Over the
principalGate there's the Pifture of the late King,
m a great Medal of Brafs. The four Cardinal Vir-tues of a Gigantic Size, are plac'd on Pedeftals bythe Portico, and feem to look towards the King'sEffigies, which is fupported by Fame and Viétory.The CoritttbianOrdèr prevails throughout the firft
Story, and is very artfully executed. A Galleryor Balluftrade runs round the whole Edifice, andis adorn'd with Trophies and Statues, particularlytxvery perfeét one of Mars, fitting upon a Heapof Arms of different forts and the Décoration ofall together isnoble and majeftic. Studs of lron inform of Cannon are plac'd at proper Diftances, and
fupport Iron Chains, hung inFeftoons, whichhinder
People from clambering up to the Windows.The Infide of this Arfinal is as magnificent as
the Outfide. The lower Rooms are ftor'd with a
great number of Brafs Cannon. The Walls and
Pillars tiut fupport the Arch are garnifh'd withCuiraflès and Hclmets. In the upper Story thereare feveral Rooms full of Arm?, rang'd in fuch Or-der as can never be enough admird,
Behindthe Arfenal there'»theHoufe of theGeneralof the Ordnance, which alfo contains the Foundery,twhere Men are continually at work.
Befides this Arfenalt there are feveral others in
B,trlin, where they keep Field-Pieces, Iron Cannon,
Berlin. ig
Ça2 grave
ànd all that belongs to the Train of Artillery.'Twas the late MargraVe Philip*, Brother to Frédé-
ric I. who when he was Great Mafter of the Ord.
nancebegan to put the Kings Arfettals into a goodState. But King Frederic-Williamhas finifh;d what
his laid Uncle began, and has put the Attillery on
fuch a footing, that 'tis a queftion if anyArfenal in
Europe is on a better Régulation.A Rampart and a Ditch feparatethe JVerderfrom
tht: Dorotby-Stadtyor new Town, which is for moft
partinhabited by .FraHi»Families. Ithàd the Name
HÏDarotby-Stadtin honour of the Eleétrefs Dorothybf Holjtein-Gluckjburgithe fecondWife oïFrederîc-
IVilliam, who with her own Hand planted the firftLime-Tree of the fevengreatRowswhichdivide th'sWard into twoParts. "fhe middlemoft kowj whichisthewideft, isinclos'd withBalluftrades, and forrhs
a pleafant Grafs-Walk for Foot Paffcngers. The
Walks on each fide are pav'd, and krve as a Ringfor the Coaches. Nothing is more bénéficiaianda-
greeable than taking the Air in thisPlace, whereyoumay liaveany thing that canbe defir'd in City. Atthe endof oneof thefe Walks isa Gate which opensto the Park, the Walks of which being above a
Leagui: in length, forni a finePoint of View.On both fides the Lime-Tree Rows, are Houfes,
among which the Palace of Madame the Margra-vine, Dowager t to theMargrave Philip, Brother tothe late King, is one of the beft. The late Mar-
• ThisPrincediedatSctweJt,Dtc.19.1711. HeIcfttwoSon*,oneof whomwasmarry'din1734,tothePritlcefsDarotbeaSapbiatheKingofPnMa'tfourthDaughter,thenaboutfifceenYcarsoftge. SothathisMajeftyj whohadfii Daughters,mar-riedfourof themwithinthe fpaccof fourYean,andhasnqwbuttwomoretodifpofeof.
t HerNameisJtan Charlotte,and(beistheyoungeftSifterofPrinceinpoUrt AnbaltDe bcingtheDaughterof rhePrinceJtbii-GttrgtII. byHenriettaCatbtriiu,Daughter«fir/-itric-tttnTjPrinceofQrangt.
20 BERLIN.
grave purchàs'd this Palace (which at that time was
inconfiderable)of the Wife ofWeillerColonelof the
Artillery, who had thrown up his Employments,Wife, Children and all, to go with a Lady of Qua-lity, that wasin lovewith him, to Vienua. ThisGen-tlewoman pafs'd for a modem Sappho,andeverybodytalk'd of her Virtue and good Senfe. But being aSlave to theFolliesof Lové, and alham'd to let thembe feenat Berlin, where ftiewascounted an Oracle,ftie refolv'd to quit the Place of her Birth, and en-
gag'd her Lover to leave ail and follow her.The Margrave made confiderableAugmentations
to tliis Houfe, and render'd it very commodious.The Furniture of the Palace alfo is rich, and wor-
thy of the Princefs who refides in it.
Oppofite to the Margravine's Palace is a Build-
ing which was formerly call'd the King's Little
Stables, but has been metamorphos'd into Cafernsfor the Gendarmery they difcover the Magnifi*cence of Frederic I. who caufed them to be built.The Apartments that run over the Stables are oc-
cupied by the Academy of Painters, and that ofArts and Sciences. Behind the Stables there's the
Obfervatory, with a great number of Aftronomi-cal and Mathematical Initruments, of which thereare many of a new Invention.
Frederic-Stadt, which is the fifth Wardof Berlin,communicates with the New Town and the Wer-der. This is one of the pleafanteft Wards in thtwhole City, the Streets being fpacious, lirait, and
planted with Lime-Trees*.
Perhaps• SincetheOriginalwu poblifh'd,thisWardhasbeenJeng*
then'dtwothirds. ThereisooeStreetfolong,thatin thisre-fpedtherearefewthatequalit 'tisasftraitasaLineand ter-minâtesinanOval,furroundedwithveryfineHoufes.A newWardisalfoereétedat theEndof thatcall'dtheNewTownJfromwhenceit rangesbehindFrtJtric-StaJt.HèremoftoftbeehtffNobilityarebvildiogHotelsorPalaces,ntherthanHowfes.
II¡
Berlin. 21
Perhaps 1have dwelt too long upon the Metropo-lis of theEleftorate of Branàenhurghbut 1 thoughtthat as there had been no true Account yet givea of
thisCity, you wou'd not be forry to haveit from me.The next day after my Arrivai here, I had the
Honour to feethe King, who was then feeing his
Soldiers mountguard. He isa Prince of a middlirgStature, and in very good Plight of Body: His Air
commandsRefpedt; yet, whenlie pleafes, no Princein the World can be more gracious. 1 heard him
fpeak to his Officersin fuch a kind manner as cou'dnot but charm them I admir*dhis Genius for mi-
litaryDifciplîne, and perceiv'd that withtheGlanceof an Eye he cou'd diicover the leaft Fault com-mitted againft that wonderful Exa&nefs which is in-troduc'd in the Evolutions of his Troops. Aftcrthe Guards had perform'd their Exercife, the Kingftay'd to fee them file off. 1 never yet faw Troopsmarch with more Order andState, fo that it feem'das if they were all mov'd by one Spring. Ail theSoldiersare young, of aneven Stature, and the cle-vereft Fcllows that Nature ever form'd they are
wellcloth'd, and have fuch anAir of Neatnefs, thateven the private Centinelsmightall pafsforOfficers.1 rememberyou was prejudic d againft their Cloth-
ing their Clothesyou laid were too ftrait, and toofhort. I was of your Opinion once, and think foftill, when happen to fee one of their Officersand Soldiers fingly amongus, who wear Night-Gowns rather than Coats but when I fee a whole
Body of f 'ruffianstogether, I am of anotherOpi-
nion, and think their Drefsgivesthem a warlikeAirwhichother Troops havenot. Youwill tell
meper-haps, that the Clothing of thetruffions is good in aGarrifon, but that in the Field their Garments are
C 3 not
ln a word,if theNomberof theInhabitantsofBerlinwaspre-poraonabletothatoftheHoufes,it wouldbethefineft,andthevoltdourilhingTownin allGtrmaty.
22 B Ç R L I N.
abandon
not wideenough to cover the Soldiers in the Night.J anfwer, that the PruffianSoldiers are in no dan-
ger of not being cover'd, becaufe when they are it>rhe Fk-ld, every Caprain is to carry as many Cover-
Ijds, as there are Comrades in his Company. But
ycu'U fay, this muft be a very great Incumbrance,and take up a deal of Equipage. 'Tis true, it may
r^quire tv/q S.ampter Horfes in a Company, but a
Soldier fares thebtter for it becaufewhen he gceswet into the Camp, he can get his Clothe$dry'd inthe Night while he is under his Coverlid. After
ail, the Incumbrance is no greater at prefent, forthofe Troops, than it was at the time when ail the
Frujfian Infantry had Cloaljs, which the Soldierswore, was the Weather ever fo hot, folded over
their Shoulders, and ty'd both before and behind bytheir Belt. If they had any hafty Marchto make,fuch as 1 faw they made in Flanders in 1708, when
they went to attack the French nearÀtidenardeythe
Ffujfians Lft their Cloaks behind with a Guard,^nd when the Battle was join'd, the Captains were
oblig'd to fend for their Cloaks. In fhort, what
piakes me think the PmfftanClothing the moil con-
venient fpr a Soldier, is, that moft of the GermauPrinces are now come into it, and like it wellThe Troops of Sasony, and Brunfwic in particular,are cloth'd like thofe of Prujjia.
The Prufian Troops, which are new cloth'd eTvsry Year, hâve Breechesof Woollen Clorh for theWinter, and of Linnen for the Summer and theyare allow'd Shirts, Necks and SpatterdaJhes Their
Pay is goodand regular the Soldieris compell'd todo his Duty, but when hedoes it, enjoys more Li-
berty than in the Service of any other Nation U\ithatwere 1to carry aMufket, 1 fancyit wou'd be inthe ServiceofPrufia, wherefuch a iftrïétDifciplineis
obferv'd, that the Soldier is no Swearer, and is notallow'd to game, and where in a word he does not
Berlin. 23
C4 tnat
abandon himfelf to Licentioufnefs. On Sundaysand SaintsDays they are requir'd to go twice a dayto hcar a Sermon The Catholicks have the liberty of
going to Mafs. In fhort, good Manners are intro-
duc'd and obferv*din thofe Troops to fuch a Nice-
ty, that you would wonder at it.AH the Infantry is cloth'd in b!ue. It depends
on the Colonel of every Regiment, to order what
Waiftcoats and Trimming hepleafesforthe Clothes.
The Horfe and Dragoons wear white, but the
Houfhold Troops blue, with Campaign Coats of
Gold Lace. The Huffars Clothing is rcd, but
the Garbs of the Officersboth of Foot and Horfe
are plain, and only differ froni the Apparel of the
Soldiers in the finenefsof the Cloth tho' there are
fome Regiments whofeWaiftcoats are bedaub'd all
over with Gold or Silver Lace.
The Colours, which are uniform in ail the Régi-ments, are white, with theKing's Device, reprefent-ing anEagle flying towardstheSun with this Motto,NecSoli cedit. There's fucha Uniformity preferv'din all things throughout the Army, even in their
Guns, Swords, Bayonets,fcff.that ineveryRégiment
theywear the very lame, even to their Shoe-Buckles.The fameRegularity is obferv'd in the Horfe and
Drageons, which ride both upon black Horfes and
indeed they are not permitted to have any others,the Officers themfelves being not exempt from this
Rule, when they are at the head of their Squa-drons or Companies. The Houfings andEquipageof the latter are of the fame Pattern, and extremely
Nrich. Ail the Horfe wear Buff-Coats, and under-
heath Cuiraflcs. They perform their Exercife on
i'oot like the Infantry, and with the fame Exad-nefs. The Ketde-Drums and Trumpets of all the
Horfe are of Silver.There is not a Captain in ail the Prtffian Ar-
my but has at laft ten fupernumerary Mcnj fo
24 BE RLIN.
Prince
that thefe included, the King's Forces amount to
near iooooo, all pick'd Men. You cou'd not butadmire if you were to lêe how they behave info-much that whenever they take the Field, *tis pitybut Fortune fhou'd favour them.
Not manyDays after my Arrivai here, the King
being gone to viût his Kingdom, 1 had the Ho-nour of waiting on the Queen. This Princefs,whofe Name is Sopbia-Dorotbea, is Sifter to the
prefentKing of Great Britain, being the Daughterof GeorgeI. the late King, and of Sopbia-DorotbeaPrincefs of Brunfivic-Zell. And fhe docs everything that is worthy of her Auguft Extraction for
furely never didDaughter more refemble a Father
fhe has the faineBemgniry and Wifdom, the fame
Equity and Juftice, and Sweetnefs of Temper.Like him Ihe knows the Charnu of a private Life,and Friendfhip, on a Throne Like him fhe is a-dor'd by her Subjeâs and her Domettics, and isthe chief Blefling and Darling of both. To ex-tend Goodnefs and AffabUity farther, were im-
pofEble there being no Foreigners but what arecharm'd with the gracious Manner in which thisPrincefs receivcs them. To a thoufand Virtucs
worthy of Veneration, fhe has added the fingularTalent of fpeaking the Language of feveral Coun-tries which flie never faw, with as muchDelicacyasif theyhad been
herMotherTongues. The Frencb
Languageefpecially, is fo famihar to her, that onewôu'd take her to be a Princefs of the Royal Fa-
mily of France; and the Grandeur and Majeftythat accompany ail her Avions, induce thofe evenwho don't know her, to be of Opinion that Ihewasborn to reign.
That which ftUl more endears this Queento her
People, is the Care fhe takes of the Education ofher Family which confiftsof four Princes, and fix
Princcfîes. The eldeft of the Sons is ftiltt the
Berlin. 25
Prince Royal*. This young Prince is handfome,charms every one by his Kindnefs and Good-Nar
tare and loves Reading, Mufick, the Arts, and
Magnificence: His Sentiments, his Bebaviour, and
his AéHons, make it probable, that if he cornes to
the Crown, his Reign will be one of thofe mild
and peaceable Reigns, which procure Kings that
Love of their People, wherein confifts their true
Glory. The Care of the Prince Royal's Education
was committed firft of ail to Madamde Camke, oneof the Queen's Ladies of Honour, and Governefsof the Childrenof Pruffia. But this Lady left the
Charge of the latter to the Sub-Governefs, Madamde Rocoule, and her Daughter Madamoilèlle deMontbail. Madam de Rocoulehad alfo the honourto be Sub-Governefs to the King fo that ihe wasno Novice in the forming of young Princes. As fhetalks nothing but Frtncb, fhe has taught it to the
King's Children who fpeak it with as much eafeas they do the GermonLanguage. At feven Yearsof Age the Prince Royal was taken out of theHands of the Women and the Count deFinch,of
i=i»f/t<r«^rt»,Lieutenant-GeneraloftheKing'sForces,a Knight of his Order, and Colonel of a Regimencof Horfe, was appointed his Royal Highncfs's Go-vernour and the Baron deKalefteinwas rnadeSub-Governour. The King's Choice of both thefeGen-tlemen was univerfally applauded.
The eldeft of the King's Children is Frederica-
Sepbia-fPtlèefaina, the Princefs Royal who wasborn in 1 709. 1 was at Berlin at the Ceremony ofher Baptifm, whichwasperformed in the Chapel oftbe Caille, in prefenec of Frédéric IV. King of
Den-
Hemarried(inJuin 1733,)thePrinccfiElixabtthCbri.Jtina of Brumfuiu.LuHtnburgb,and Bcvim, DaughterofFerdinandAlbertDukeof BrunfwH-Luncnbitrgb,andBivtrn,Field-MarlhaiGêneraiof theArmiesof theEmperorandEm-pire andPrsi'umptiveHoirto tbcDukeRégentof BrunfweféV*€nburgWoiftmhuttlt,
26 BERLIN.
Denmark, Frtàtric-Augufius King of Poland, andFrederic I. King of Pruffia. The Birth of this
Princefs, and the Circumftancesof three Kings asda Queen attending at her Baptifm, gave occafion toa great many Copiesof Vcrfts. AH the Poets laidthat the Prefence of thefe three Kings, was a Signthat fhe wou'd one day have Poflêflîon of threeCrowns. They had then in view thé Crowns ofGreat Britàiny that were to devolve to the Familyof Hanover in which there wasa young Princewho, it was then imaginM, was to be in time theHufband of this Princefs. Whethcr this Matchwill ever take place, and whether the Princefs willbe Queen, l can't fay but if Ihe is not, Fortunewill not do Juftice to her Merit.
The Princefi Frtderica-Louifa%the King's fécond
Daughter, is lately married to the Margrave ot
BrandenburgbAnffach. Tis faid that his Majefty'sthird Daughter, thé Princefs Philippine-Charlotte,is promifed to t Charles, hereditary Prince oï Brun-
finie Beveru^ Nephewto the Emprefi Regent.
The other Ptinces and Princeflès, the King'sChildren Q, are asyet too young to fiirnijh any Par-
ticuJarsfor their Characler. In a word, pyt themail together, they form a very fine Family.
The Margravine, Dowager of the MargravePhilip,
ThiswashisRoyalHighaefs,nowPrinceofWalet. AilEurope,in fliort,thought,« didthePoeaofthatTime; andeieryoneingêneraimark'dontthePrincefsforthisPrince. ïtw»jthentootheDefireof bôththeQoeew andthePrinceljherfclffeem'dto hâvebeenbronghtnp in thatNotion. Butwhea'twu leaftof «Uejtycfled,certainReafootofStatecan-cell'dal) thef:Viewst andth#Kingof TruJJUtthonght6t mmarryhiseldeftOanghterin 1731»to théHereditaryPrinceofBrantitnburg-Bartitbas KingGttrgtII. of GréaiBritain,in1756,thoughtfittomarryhiseldeftSolatoherHighneb,Ju-
gifla, yoangeftSifteroftheprefcntDakeof S*xt-GHh«.t The Marriagewasaâusllycelcbntedbetweenthem, in
July 1733.|j Thefburthmarriedin 1734,ta the Kmg'aCouÛDithé
Margraveof Brandenbitrgh-Scbvcedt,
BERLIN. 27
fbilip, Brother to the late King, is the firft ia
Rank at Court, next to the King*sChildren Shçwas born Princefs of Anbalf-Dejfau. Her Royai
Highnefs was lately chofeAbbeis of Herford, a fq-
y^reign Abby inWejtpbalia^ (in a Town belongingto the KingofPruJ/îa, as part of the Principality of
Ravenfbergv)whofeCanonefîèsniuftbeallPrinceflès,or Coùnteflès of the Empire. This Princefs, tho*fhe is paft her Bloom, is ftill the Ornament of the
Court and no Perfon can be more civil than (heisto Poreigners fo that 'tis as much a Plcafugs as a
Duty to pay one's Court to her. When the Kingis at Berlin, and the Queen has no Drawing-Room,the wholeCourt repairs to the Margravine's Houfe»where her Royal Highnefs daily keeps an élégantTable to which fhe admits the Quality cf botljSexes. She is the Mother of two Princes and aPrincefs; the Sons are the Margraves Frederic and
Ile/try, and the Daughter is married to the heredi-
tary Prince of Wirtemberg. The young MargraveFrederic refidesat Scbwedtqpon the Qder, where hehas a very fine Houfe but doesnot come to Coure
f>utwhenhe can*cavoid it. The young MargraveHenry refides commonly at Berlin. Both thefePrinces are handfome, lufty, and well fliap'd.
The Margrave Albert, the King's Uncle*, livesin his Majefty's Palace, tho? he is eight Months ofthe Year at Fredericbsfelde,a Pieafure-Houfe abouta League from Berlin. He is the fecondSon of theEleâor Frederic-William, and Dcrotby of Holfiem
Cluckf-Thù Princediedin 1731. HiseldeftSon.theMargrave
Cbwrltt,fueccededhiminthéGrandMafterihipof theOrderofSt. Jtbm\andhadhisRegimentofFootintheServiceofPruffia.PrinceFrtdtric,hisRoyalHignncfe'sfecondSon,hadhis Regi-rnewintheServiceoftheStatesGeneraioftheUmttdPrmtritutsandtheÇonutdtTnubfei-Walbourgb,a Major-General,hadhisRegimentof Horfe.Hewasfent to complimentLtmdtXV.nponhisCoronation;andafterwardson thefameCommiffionto the Bmperorat Prtgue. His Wit and Pplitenefswereap*plandçd
atboti thofeCourts.
28 BERLIN.
ferv*4
Clucksburg He is well fliap'd, has a noble Air,and has been in his time a very good Dancer He
is fond of Grandeur and PJeafures. Ar the begin-ning of the laft War he diftinguilhed himfelf verymuch at the SiegeoïKeyferfwaert, and other Places,where he commanded the Troops of the King his
Brother. His Royal Highnefs is Governor of Po-
merania, Knight of the Black Eaglc, and Colonel
of a Regiment of Foot, and of another of Horië?in the King's Service He has alfo a Régiment of
Foot in the Serviceof the UnitedProvinces and isGrand Mafter of the fix Commanderies of the
Order of St. Jcbn of Jerufalem*whp, at the Al-
teration of Religion in the time of Lutbert with-
drew from the Grand Mafter ofMalta, and aflum'dto themfelves a Right of chufing a Grand Mafterunder the Protection of the Ele&or of Branden-
burgb. The Margrave marry'd a Princefs of Cour-
land, Heirefs to the Freehoids of her Uncle Duke
Ferdinand, the laft of her Fami'y. This Princefs,tho' not reckon'd a Beauty of the firft Rate, has 4
grcat Share of Charms and Good-nature, Modeftyand Politenefs. Their Royal Highneflès are per-fcclly civil to thofe whohaveAccefsto them whichis the reafon, that notwithftanding the little Con-cern they have in Bufinefs, they hâve always a nu-merous Court. They have three Princes, and twoPrinceffes. The eldeft of the Sons is Charles, aPrince whofePerfon andCharaâerare very amiable.
The eldeft of the Daughters is married to the Duke
of Saxe-Eyfenacb.1 Thelaft Prince of thé Royal Family, is theMar-
grave CbriJtian~Le*riSythird Son of theEleôor Fre-
~~c-~ï~M<t by the fecondMarriage.This Prince
is Governour of the Cityand County of H*lberfiadt%he has a Résinent of Foot, is Knight of theOrder of the Black Eagle, and Commander of dut
ofSt.7ft&». Hcftudicdat£o'(i«»i 1afterwhich, he
iBerlin. 29
ferv'd with diftindtion in îtaly. He now lives re-tir'd from Court ztMaîcbau, a Houfe about aMilefrom Berlin, which the late King bought of theHeirs of M. de Fucbsy his Minifter ôf State.There the Margrave, whohasa Relifh for the Plea-furesof private Life, paflcs his Time in Hunting,,Reading, and every innocent Pleafure that an a-
grecablreCountry is capable of furnifliing. ThisPrince has been a handfome weil-made Man hehas a grand Air, and there's fomething heroic inhis PhyGognomy In the very Flower of his Youthhe was a conftant Admirer of Virtue, and mightever be quoted for an Example of Sobriety. He isfo exceeding fat, that it's fcartt he won't live ta
be a very old Man*.AU the Princes of the Royal Family wear the
Prufjian Order, viz. that of the Black Eagle andreccive it as foon as they are born. 'Tis an OrangeRibband, to which is appendant a Crofs enamel*dwith blue, refembling the Crofs of Matta. A Starof Silver is embroider'd on the Coat and in themiddle of it is an Orange Efcutcheon, over whichis a black Eagle crown'd with Wings dilplay'd,holding in one of its Talons a Crown of Laurel,and in the other a Thunder-bolt, with the Motto,SVUMcuique, in Letters of Gold. This Orderwas inftituted by Frederic the fixth of Jamiary1701, O. S. on account of his Coronation at Ko-
ningsberg. Hecall'd it the Order of the BlackEagle,becaufea Black Eagle forms the Arms of PrFrraand he chofe an Orange Ribband, in memory ofthe Eleftrefs his Mother, who was a Princefs ofOrange; in Right of whom he pretends to be nextHeir to William 111. King of Èngland, and Princeof Orange.
The
He died(bddenlyin J^ufi l7H>u Malchm,agcde7,bdagborathe+thofM*,\bllt O.S. Hew» notmarried.
jô BERLIN.
The Princes of theRoyal Family are not exemprfrom paffing thro' the Degrees of military Service tand 'us not here as in other places, where they hâve
Regiments andGovernments as foonasthey are born.The King will have them to know howto obey, be-fore they corne tocommand and'tisan Encourage-ment to the OfHcersto findthemfdves fofarhonour'd,as to be on a Par in the Service, with thofe who areborn to be their Sovereigns. The Prince Royal liasa Regiment of Horfe M. de Lofelf, a Major-General, commanded that Regimentformerly, butthe Kir.g preferring him to the Government of Cu-
firin+ this Regiment has for Colonel M. de Wreecb^a Perfon of a good Family in the new Marquifate.His Father, who was one of the King's Lieute-
nant-Generals, had ferv'd the late Ele&orFrederic-
William^ the late King, and his prefent Majefty.M. de IFreecby whom I am fpeaking of, was, athis return from his Travels, appointed by the late
King a Gentleman of hisBed-chamber After thatPrince's Death, hisprefent Majefty enter'd him intohis Service, and gave him a Troop of Horfe. ThisGentleman difHnguifhed himfelf greatly in 1708,at the Battle of Audenarde where he was Aid de
Camp to the Marfhal de Natzmer, then General ofthe Cavalry He had a Horfe kill'd under him,and was taken Prifoner but the Enemy in their
Flight not watching him very ftriftly, he foundmeans to get off when the Night came and put anend to the Battle. He lay hid in a Ditch till next
day, in danger every moment of being knock'd onthe head by our own Men but when the Daybroke, he rejoin'd his General; whohad receiv*da
flightt
TbeKingthoughtfieTometimeago,toconferthis Re-gimentofHorleuponbisfecondSon,PrinceAiguftus-lFiliUm,andtogivethePnnceRoyalaRégimentofFoot.
t M deLefeldiedthebeginningof1733,innis GovCTBUKntof Cuflrin.
Berlin. 31I
flighr TVoundin the Head. M. de Wretcb is one
of°the richeft Subjefts the King has but he is
worthy of his Fortune, and ufes it like a Man of
Quality. He iscertainly a valuableGentleman, has
a noble Soul, and Senfe and Knowledge enough to
capacitate him to ferve his King and Country both
in Peace and War.
Berlin is not a City whereyou ought to look for
the moft lively Diverfions; the King,to whofeWill
every body conforms, not bring fond of themhim-
felf. Yet when once a Man is known there, he will
find Amufement enough for the People are affa-
ble and civil, make plentiful Entertainments, and
hâve very good Wine.
When the King isabfent, the Queen has a Draw-
ing-Room every Ni t, from feven o' clock tili
ten when her Maje fups with the Princes and
Princefles of her Family, and other Perfonsof Di-
ftinftion of bothSexes. But when the Kingis at Ber-
lin, theQueen keepsnoDrawing-Room, unlefs fome
Foreign Prince happento be there. Then there areAiTembliesin the City alternatively, among Pcrfonsof the firft Rank, at which they fometimes danceand the King and Prince Royal frequendy honourthefe Aflcmblies with their Prefence, When thereis nogrand Aflèmbly, thereare particular Societies,
where they fup, and play at fmall Game.
The Minifters of moft confequenceat this Courtare Meflieursd'IIgen, Grumkau, and Knifbaufen*thefe are they who treat of Foreign Affairs, andthro' whofehands pafs
the Secrets of State but thé
King's Prime Minuter is the King himfelf, who isînform'd of every thing, and is defirous to know
every thing. He gives great Application to Bufi-
nefs, but does it with extraordinary Eafe and no-
thing
Thefirft andthelait baveberadeadibmeYears,andtheirPlacesfnpply'dby MeffieursBtri andPodJfwitx.,whohaveajuftTkletotheinârePofleffionofthéKing'sConEdencc.
tt BERLIN.
knows
thing efcapeshisPénétration, norhis Memory, which
is a very happy one. No body knows better thanhe wherehis Government is ftrong, and where 'tis
weak and no Sovereign in the World is of more
eafy Accefs, his Subieéts being aâually permittedto write to him, without any other Formality than
(uperfcribing the Letter, To tbe King. By wriringunderneath, To be deliver*dinto bit Majefty's own
Hands, one may be fure that the King receivesandreads ir, and that the next Poil h: will anfwer it,either with hisown Hand or by his Secretary thefeAnfwers are lhort* but peremptory, and they pre-vent a tediouspainfulAttendance. The King, whois an Enemy to vain Pomp and Pageantry, alwaysgoes abroadwithout any Guards, with only a fmall
Retinue, and fometimes too walkson foot; he makeshis Greatnefs to confiftin folid Power, in the havinghis Troops well difciplin'd, his Places kept up in
good Order, his Arfenals well provided, and his
Treafury full enough to enable him to oppofe his
Enemy in cafe he be attack'd. He never aims fo
much as to difturb his Neighbours, much lefs to
rob them I heard him fay one day, that be baino Intention of attacking anybodyt nor of beginninga War; but if ht ivas attacka\ bewoulddéfendbim-
filf tbe bcfi becould a Conduâ which he has reli-
giouiïy obferved ever fince he hasbeen placM uponthe Throne, even towards Charles XII. King of
Sweden, notwithftanding what is faid of him by a
certain Author, who from forry Memoirs has wrotethat Princes Life. But 1 will not deviate from mySubjecl.
There's no Town in all the King of Pruffia*&Do.
minions, except Neuf{bâteîtwhere he hasnot boen}no Province which hedoes not know full weil nota noble Family but he can tell their Revenues; nora Court of Jufticc but he is well acquainted with
their chief Members. His Behaviour is plain he
Berlin. 33
Vol. I. D t.Uk
knows no Gallantry, and does not eafily pardon itin his Officers. He is fo true to his Confort the
Queen, that he wifhes all Men would follow
his Example, and that every Hufband would live
only with the Woman whom God has allotted him.His Diverfion is Hunting and for this reafon, herefides commonly at Potzdam or Wujierhaufen,which are Pleafure-Houfcs four Miles from Berlin.Yet he generally goes on Saturdays into his Capital,where he holds a Coundl on Sunday, and returnson Monday. In the Winter he makes a longer ftayat Berlin but let him be either hereor there, he ison the Parade every Day at ten o' clock, when hisSoldiers mount the Guard after which he givesAudience to hisMinifters, and holds a Council, or
goes abroad for the Air. At Noon the King ap-pears in a great Saloon, where are all the Generaisand Officers, the Foreign Minifters, and all theCourt in gênerai There he converfes a few Mo-
ments, and then goes into another Room, wherehe dines with the Qrieen, the Princes and Prin-cefles of his Family, and any other Perfonswhom he has caufed to be invited. His Table is
commonly fpread for eighteen Guefts. After hehas fateabout an Hour and half at Table, he retiresto his Clofettill fix at Night, when lieappears againin the Room where he held his Levée There his
Majefty gives Orders to the Marfhal WartenjkbenGovernor of Berlin, and to the Marfhal NatzmerCommandant of the Gendarmery. After this, hetalks a-while with thofe that are prefent, and then
palfes into a Room at fome dillance from hisApart-ment, to which the Qjeen repairs fometimes withone or two Ladies in company. There are ten ora dozen Officers whom the King honours with his
Confidence, who play here at Picquet, Ombre,and
Backgammon. Here they alfo fmoak, and to thisPlace thé Kingfends for fuch as he has a mind to
34 BERLIN.
to
talk with about fpecial Affairs. 1 have been thetetwice upon fuchan account. Here there isno man-
ner of Reftraint, but every bodyfits down,theKingdifpenfing with all the RefpecT:that is due to him,and at eleven o' clock he dil'mifies the Companyand retires.
The King hunts when hc is at Potzdam and IVuf-terbaufen but in other refpeds he leads the faméLife there as he does at Berlin. At Potzdam hehunts the Srag, having for that end caufed a greatForeft to be paled in, where he has made nobleRoads.
The Caftleat Potzdam, which is very convenient,
wasbuilt bytheEleftor Frédéric-William,who com-
monlyrefidedatit; andafterhavingrun hisgloriousRace, diedhere the igûiofsîpril, t 688. KingFrede.ric I. madeconfiderableEmbelifhments to i t,particu-larly thegreatGateopeninginto themain Courtofthe
Caftle, which is an admirable Piece of Architecturethat was defign'd by M. Bot, my Hero for Build-
ings. But ail that the late King did, doesnot corne
up to the Works that have been added to it of lateYears. The Town of Potzdamhasbeen augmentedtwo Thirds; the Streetsare as ftrait as a Line, withTrees pJanted, and Canalscut in them after theman-ner of Holland the Houfes are uniform and builtwith Bricks. Befidesa great Hofpital, which the
King has founded here for his Soldiers Orphans,here is a confiderable Fabric for Armourers, whomake all thofe Arms for the Forces and Arfenals,which were formerly made at Liege.
This Town is the Garrifon for the firft Battalionof thofe Tall Grenadiers, fo much talk'd of in Eu-
rope. I proteft to you that they exceed the com-mon Report, being the compleateft, the fineft, and
beft-difciplin'd Body that can be imagin'd. The
Men are of all Nations, there being fcarcea Prince
in Europe but takes a pleafuré in fending Recniits
BerliK. 35
D 2 Works
td ît. Some of thefe Grenadiers have had i5ooCrowns Lift-Money and feveral receive two FJch
tins per diem Someof them are very rich others
there arewhotrade, and havegood Houfes atPo/z-
dam. The talleft and the beft Man among them
all was one call'd Jonast (lately dead) who work'd
heretofore in the Mines of Nortàay. The famous
Huguetan, whom Frederic IV. King of Denmark
created Count de Guldenftein,took him from the
Mines, and prefented him to the King. He then
ftoop'd in the Shoulders, and hobbled in waJking;but by tricking him up, they gave him that goodAir which he wanted.
'Tis certain, there are na Troops in the World
where the Peafant fooner fhakes off the downifh
Air, and mofe eafily affames the military one.This gigantic Regiment has requir'd great Pains,and confiderable Sums to eftablifh it; and 1am af-
fured it has coft the King more than fix other Ré-
giments. But'tis all his Majefty takes delight in;and furely this Prince cannot but be commended for
giving into a Pleafure fo noble, and fo innocent.
Having given you fortieAccount of Polzdam, tmuft alfo mention Cbarlottenbourg another RoyalHoufe* a Mile from Berlin. This Caftleftandsonthe Spree, fo that one may go to it by Water butthe commonWay is thro' the Park which is at theend of the great Walk from the new Town.
In thelateKing'stime, wheneverhewasat Char-
lottenbourg,all thé Road from Berlin to this Palacewas lighted by Lanthorns erectedon both fides.
Cbarlottenbourgwasformerly call'd Ltitzenbourg*It was a fmallVillage belongingtoM. Doberginfiy^Stewardof the Houfhold tothe Queen, (the King'sMother.) He had built a triflingHoufé there, andthat Queeo taking the Air there one day, lik'd theSituationofthe Placefowell, thatiheboiightit, andfet about building there; but fhe diedbeforeall the
36 BERLIN.
oblig*d
Works fhe had undertaken were fini/hed. Howr
ever, her Hufband King Frederic I. caufed them tobe carried on, and made confiderable Additions to
them; andin order to perpetuate theQueen's Name,which was Sophia-Cbarlotte,he caufedLutzenbourgto be called Cbarlottenbourg, This Caftle is one ofthe moft confiderable Structures in Germany the
Apartments are grand and fplendid, and theFurniture very rich. There's a Cabinet adorn'dwith the choiceft Porcellane, ranged in fuch orderas is furprifing: In anotherCabinet thereare Luftres,a Tea-Table with Difhes, a CofFee-Pot, and thewhole Equipage in Jhort of folid Gold. The Cha-
pel is one of the moft fuperbthat can be every fide
being adorn'd with Gold and Painting. The 0-
rangery is one of the moft rnagnificent in Europenot only with regard to the Beautyand Number ofits Trees, but the Greatnefs of theBuilding in which
they are kept ail the Winter.1 could tell you of feveral more Houfes which
the late.King had in the Neighbourhood of Berlinbutas they were fuffer'd to run to ruin after he died,I think I had better entertain you with the Charac-ters of the prime Nobility at this Court.
The Count de Wartenflebenis theoldeft Marfhal.He is by Birth a IVeftpbalian, and pafs'd his earlydays in the Serviceof France. He was Commanderin chief of the Troops of the Duke of Saxe-Gotbatwhen King Frederic I. called him to his Service.The Count de Warlemberg, who was at that timethe Chief Minifter, wanted a Perfon to be at thehead of the Troops, who fhould be intirely de-votedto himfelf This wasan Obediencehe did not
expecT:to find in the Courts deLot tum, Dbona, and
Denboff, nor in the other Generais whofe long Ser-vices and Birth inight make them afpire to this mi-
titarjr Dignity. He believed the fitteft Perfon tobe his Tool would be a Foreigner that lhould- be
Berlin.37
D 3 bat
oblig'J to him for his Fortune Therefore he caus'dthe Marlhal's Batoon to be given to the Count de
Wartenfleben,who anfwer'd to a tittle the Inten-tion of the Minifter his Benefadtor. 'Tis tme, thathe never feconded his Revenge, but neither did
he oppofeit. Hedid the Bufinefsofhis Office, andmeddled not with the Intrigues of the Court. le
may be faid of him, that he never deviated fromthe Path of Equity, and in Juftice to him it mu!tbe own'd that he always did good, when it was inhis power. Since the Death of the late King, his
Authority and Intereft are very much leffened.
Befides, he is too far advanc'd in years to concernhiinfelf with almoft any Bufinefsat ail.
The' General whofe Power is moft rever'd, isthe Prince Leopoldof Anbalt-Dejfau. In confidera-tion of his high Birth, and the Rank of Sovereignwhich he holds in the Empire, 1 onght to havenam'd him firft only the Count deWartenjlebenisthe oldeft Marflial.
The Prince of Anhalt is Marfhal, Governour ofthe City of Magdebourg, Colonel of a Regiment of
Foot, and Knight of the Order of theBlack Eagle.This Prince, who isa Perfon of a good Stature annoble Prefence, happy Features and a lively Afpeét,was born with all theQualificationsof a General and
aSoldier, beingvigilant, laborious, indefatigable,equally patient of Heat and Cold, Want and Abun-
dance Brave even toIntrepidity, and poiTiblynever
equalled in this refpeâ, unlefs weexcept CbarlesXll.
Kingof Sweden:BeingaMan of unexampledRigourin
Military Difcipline, he will be obey'd;but then herewardshis Soldiers when they do their Duty, and
fometimesmakes himfllf familiar with them Awarmand conftantFriend, butan implacableEnemywhen he thinks himfelf not weil us'd haughty tohis Equals, civil and courteous ta his Inferiors. Inhis Youth, he wasa Wine-Bibber, and a Debofhee
38 BE RLIN.
pearing
butithasbeenobferv*d, that neither WinenorWo-men can detain him, when he is in the purfuit of
Glory. lie isa religious Obferver of his Promifes,and never makes any but after mature Reflection.He is an Enemy to thePompand Conftraint of theLives of Great Men; an Œconomift, perhapsmore than becomeshis Dignity and is an abfoluteMaftcr in his Family and his Government, havingpoor, but dutiful Subje&s, and well-regulated Fi.nances.
The Care of the Prince of AnbaWsEducationwas committed to M. deCbalifac, a Native ofGuienne. This Gentleman found an ungovernableTemper in the youngPrince which hehadmuch ado
to minage. The Princehappen'd very early to havea likingforMadamoifellerff Fobfen,(whomhe after.wards marry'd) which being not at ail pleafing tohis Mother, (who was born Princefs of Orage) Ihe
thought the beft way to cure him of his Fondnefsfor her, woudbe to fend him abroad and therefore
appointed M. de Cbalifacto travelwith him to Itafy,and accordingly they made that Tour.
Cbalifac, who was my particular Friend, andwhofeMemory I honour, told me that this Princc'ss
extraordinary Vivacity and Intemperance, had oftenmade his Heart ake but that whenever he hap-pen'd to run aftray, he was fure to redaim him byfetting the Motives of Honour and Ambition inhis View. To this purpofe he reiated what hap-pen'd when they were at Vemcc,viz. that thePrince came home one Morning very much in
Liquor, after having fpent the whole Night in a
Dïbanch and IA. deCbalifacreproving him, per-haps a little too fharpl^, as the young Prince
thought, he ran and fnatch'd up a Piftol, and
returning with it to his Governour, faid, Tou
P<£i I muftkill you. M. de Cbalifac, withoutap-
Berlin. 30
D 4 Whcn
pearing furpriz'd, looking fternly at the Prince,madehimanfwer Sbootmeîfyott/K~ but Ibinkhow wertby a Figure you' tnake in Hijiory, whcn
itjbalï berecordedtbat a Prince ofAnhalr, a Prince
of a Family tbat bas given Emperors to Germany,tmrder'dbis Tuter. Thefe Wordsfpoke with an Air
of Authority madefuch an Impreffionon the youngPrince, that he laid down his Piftol faying, Tauareindeedin tbe rigbt I Jlmdd bave committed a villainousAftion.
The Prince on his Return from Ilaly to Dejfattfhew'd that Time and Abfence had not that Ef-fed upon him as they generally have upon Lovers.He returned as much in love with Madamoifelle de
Fobfenas he was at fctting out. He married herin 1698, and foon after, viz. il 1701, fhe was
by the Emperor acknowledged a Princefs of the
Empire. He has had fiveSons and two Daughtersby her, the eldeft of whom is dead.
B'Jt the Embraces of a tender Spoufe cou'd not
keep him at home; a Warrior hz was born, and aWarrior hewould be. The War being then kind-led between the Empsror and the Irencb, thePrince went to ferve in the Army on the Rbine,and wasprefent at the taking oiKeifirfivaert. Scon
after, King Frederic I. gave him the Command of
6000 Men, whom he fent to the Emperor's AHîf-tance in Italy, where he fignaliz'd himfclf in everyCampaign, but efpeciallyar the raiiingof the SiegeofTurin. The Duke of Savoy, afterw;irtls King of
Sardinia, with whom thé Prince had net a viry
good Underftanding, doing me the to t:t!!cto me about him one day, faid, TuePrince ofAnn-hait bas toomucbFire butwbenbeis ripai 'd in- Jge,be will be a great General. He -.vasbem witb ihcGeniusof a Captain, end-bebas contribuiedto /aveMyCrown.
40 BERLIN.
Diftincuonj¡
When a Neutrality wasagreedon forltaly betweenthe Emperor, his Allies, and France, the Princeof Anbalt was recali'd, and the King gave him the
Command of his Troops in Fianders, where hemaintain'd the Repurationwhich he had acquir'd in
Italy, and was continued in his Command till the
PeaceoWtrecbt.The Obftinacy of CharlesXII. King of Swedenin
refufing to hearken to a Treaty for the Scqueflrationof Steiin, having oblig'd the King of Pruffia tomake war upon him, the Prince ot Anbalt fervingunder the King, who then commanded his Armyin Perfon, had the Honour to defend the Ifle of Ru-
gen, againft theKing
of Sweden, who came in the
Night and attack'd it with Fury; but the Swedeswere repulfed, after having loft a number of confide-rable Officersin theAction. Sincethé Treaty with
Sweden, this Prince hashad no occafionto fignalizehis Valour. He refides commonly ztDeJfau, or at
Magdebeurg and doesnot corne to Court but whenAffairs call him. He haa three Sons in the King'sService, of whomthe two eldeft have Regiments oftheir own, and the third commands his Father's.
The King, who has agreat Affeft ionforthe Princeof Anbalt, makes no confiderable Regulation with
regard to his Troops, or in any thing relating to the
War-Office, without hisAdvice. His Majefty hasgiven him confiderable TracTsof Land in Pruffia^where 'fis faid the Prince is building not only Vil.
lages, but entire Towns.M. d.drnbeim is the third Marihal. This old
Gentleman, who is paft fourfcore,learnttheArtofWar under two Great Mafters, the Eleôor Frede-ric-t¥illiam of Brandexbourg,and MontecuculitheRival of ïurenne.
The Marihal de Natzmerisanold Soldierallô, who
bas ferv*dunder feveralCommanderswith verygreatt
Berlin. 41
Count
Diftinâionj particularly thePrince oïWaldeck, Ge-
neral of the Dutcb Forces, the Prince of Orangeafterwards King of England, and laftly under the
Duke of Marlboroughand Prince Eugèneof Savoywho had ail an Efteem for his Valour and Military
Experience this Marfhal having been in all the
Battles which thofe Generais fought in the Nether-
lands, and having been always wounded or had
a Horfe Ihot under him.
After having mentionedthe chief Commandersof
the King's Forces to you, I thing it incumbent on
me to give you an Account of thofe Perfons whofe
Credit or Employments have the greateft Influence
upon the Government; in which you will pleafe to
excufe me, if 1 do not follow that Order 1 have
hitherto obferv'd in my Narrative.
The Baron d'Hgen Firft Minifter of State, wasborn of an obfcure Family in Wefiphalia. After hehad finifhedhis Studies, he commenc'dSecretary toM. de Meinders, Minifter of State to the Elcélor
Frederic-William,and to King Frederic I. His Dif-cretionand hislnduftry foonprocur'd him theFavourof hisMafter, who put him Governour over his Ne-
phew the BarondeHeidekam. M. d'Hgen travell'dwith the young Baron to Holland, England, and
France, in which Tour they fpent two Years. Athis Return to Berlin, M. de Meindersenter'd him in
Bufinefs,and the Eleftor Frederic-Wïlliamdying not
longafter, he procur'd him theOffice ofSecretary tothe new Eledor. In this Employment he behav'dwith fuchCircumfpeftion that he is ftill continued in
it, notwithftanding the many Changesthat have hap-pen'd in the Miniftry. The Baron deFuchs oneofthe moft able Minifters that ever Germanyproduc'd,being charm'd with his Genius, gave him fuch aRecommendation to the late King, that he pre-ferr'd himto aSeat in tlie Council, where Ilgen foonfound out the way to make himfelf necefliiry. The
42 BERLIN.
Count de IVartemberg, whofe Abilities were not fo
great but he ftood in need of a Second, being thenat the Head of the Council, confulted in all matterswith M. d*Ilgen%who, after the Count de Wur-
tembergredred, had the Province of Foreign Af-fairs committed to him folely, and has kept it everfince.
M. d*Hgenhas bothGaiety and Solidity in his
Temper, a lively, fruitful Imagination, and a mort
pleafing Afpeét. He is extremely fober, and an ex-cellent Œconomift, being as great an Enemy to
Pleafure, as he is a Friend to Riches. He ishum-ble fometimes, even to excefs revengeful, craftya Mafter of his Temper, his Countenance, his
Tongue, and his Eyes, which he accommodates al-
together to the Situation of his Affairs. As by hisParts he raifed himfelf, fo by his Parts he fupportshimfelf. He is the foie Repofitary of his own Se-
crets, having no Confident nor Favourite to fharethem. He is fo indefatigable, that he compofesand writes all himfelf, keeping his Secretariesonlyto copy. In fliort, he works like a Day-labourer,and makes the Miniftry, as it were, a Handicraft.He fpeaks well, but writes better heaffcfts doubleEntendre*in his Anfwers, and artfully has recourfe,when heneedsir, to an ambiguousExprefiion. Hehas fo little fcruple, in point of Oaths, that hetakesand breaks them with equal Indifference. He nevermade himfelf a Créature, but always removed andhumbled thofe that ever gave him any Umbrage.That which heightens hisChara&er, and proves his
Genius, is, that he hasfupported himfelf a long
time, without Kindred, Frienis or Creatures, and
perhaps without beins; too much honoured by theFavour of hisMafter
M.
Sincethewritingof this,heisdead,andfucceededinthe
'ManagementofForeignAffairsbyM.ir Bortt,Lientciunt-Ge-neral
Berlin. 43
M. de Gramkau Minifter of State, Lieutenant-
General of the King's Forces, Colonel of a Regi-ment of Foot, and Knight of the Orders of St. An-
drew ofMufcovy,andof the White-Eagle oïPoland,is defcendedof an illuftrious Familyin Pornerania.His Father was Grand-Marlhal of the Eleftor Fre-
deric-Williatn, and died in that Poft, at the begin-ning of the late King's Reign. M. de Grumkaube-
ing left a Minor, was fent very young to France,to learn his Exercifes, where he acquitted himfelfwith Diligence, and the Approbation of his Supe-riors. At hisreturn toBerlin, Frederic I. appointedhim Gentleman of his Bed-chamber, and gave hima Company of Foot. Soonafter which, he marriedMadamoifellede la Cbevallerie, who was Maid ofHonour to the Queen Sopbia-Cbarlotte. It wasnot
long before he was advanced and during the laftWar he ferved as a Brigadier in the Army in the
Jfctberlands. At the fame time he had the Care ofthe King's Affairs with my Lord Duke of Marlho-
rongb,and Prince Eugèneof Savoy. His manner orBe-
neralofthéKing'sForces,KnightoftheBlack-EagleandSr.?tbm,GoveroorofStitin,andColonelofa RegimentofFoot.his Gentlemanisdefcendedfroma verygoodFamilvinPo-meraaia,andfervedwithDiftinâionintheArmyin Flandtrs.SincethePeaceofUtncbt,hehasbeentwicechargedwiththeKing'sAffairsat the Emperor'sCourt,wherehewashighlyefteemed,efpeciallybyPrinceEugèneofSavoy.ThofeForeignMinifienwhohaveto dowithhim,andwhoknewM.dlhen,abfervea greatContrarktyin theCharaaersof thetwoMioi-fters. The onewasMan of Intrigue,Crafc,andMyfiery,the other, of Candoor,oincerity,and a nobleFranknefs.M.JeTublmtier,NephewtothelateM.fllgtn, whoisSecretaryofStateforForergaAffairs,was,asit v.ere,borntotheBufinefsjhavingbeentrafiedfronthisYouthby his lateUncle. Tl>eForeignMiniftersfpeakwellofhim heisveryaffiduuusinhisOffice,andindeedfuffersnoBafinefsmfleepinhishand?.
ThePerfonwhohaïtheAflairsCriminalinhiiCognizance,isM.Ay«ia».Minifterof State,andAuditorGeneraloftheArmy.HefucceededKif.AC<j//?A;isaNativeotCologn;andashewaîat BtrliuwitboutRelationsorFriends,hisAdvancementisorlyto beafcribcdtohisowaMeritamdAbilitiea.
44 B E R L I isr.
Behaviour thewd that he wasfit to beempioyd in
great Affairs but ~he CountWart~mLerg,the Fa-vourite, andPrime-Minifter, being jealous of his
Genius, kept him as rnuch as he cou-id out of anyShare inAuthority, and chofe rather to prefer him
by War, than to employhim in the Miniftry. TheFavourites (Metiieurs d~ Can,ke~ who fucceededWartembcrg, perceiving M. de Grrrm~Eau'sfuperior~S~?-~the Count was. He was preferr'd to be a Major-Generaiat one of the laft Promotionsthat wasmadeby the late King and
Fr~d~ric-yyilliam,on hisAc-
neral, and Minifter of State.M. de Grum~auis
good-natued, civil, and affa-ble. He has the Mannersand Sentimentsof a Manof ~a1ity, as he reallyis he is generous, liberal, iloves Splendorand Pleafures, but is not fo muchad-
idifted to them
as to neglea the Affairs of the Mi-niftry. He is laborious, has a clear and quick Ap-prehenfionapleafânt,lively,andpenetratingFancy and is no
Enemy to Satyr, when it doesnot attack his NeighbouesReputation. As he is 1of a beneficent
Temper, he has Friends, and makesihimfelf Creatures, Of all the Minüfers, he fpeaksto the King with the greateft Freedom and l be-
lÍeve one mayfafeIy venture to put himin the Rank¡
of Favourites.
~~d~~&and Commander of the Order of St. Jolm, is de-j
fcended ofan illuffriots Family
ihcChamber, Si~Mcntcfthe Chamber,
which is properly,Superintendant ofithe Finances. No
Minifter has beenemployed in .¥Jmore Embaffies. He was the King's Re{¡dent in
1Spain, with Cbarlra III. the prefent Emperor he
wasHefellintoDifgrace,afterthisA~ himwaswrit-ten.anddiedat hÏ$COIIUDandery. j
Berlin. 45
ad-
5
was the fame in Denmark, Mufcoyy, and Franceand every where fupported the Dignity of his Ma-
fier, and the Honour of his Character. So manyEmbaflies had very much difconcerted his Affairs;¡and talking to me one day at Paris about his Lady,who was the Daughter of M. d'llgen, 1 know,
c faid be, that her Rank is not equal to mine, andthat I may be reproachd for having married herbut I can return the fame Anfwer which they re-
port of the Count de Lude (Governor to Gajionof France, Lewis XIIIth's Brother) who, whenhe was ruin'd like me, married a Tradefman's
Daughter i Couldldobetter, faid he, wbenlwas
ferfecutedDay and Nigbt by tnyCreditors, tban tataîceRefugein a Sbop, ratber tban becarried to an
« Alms-Houfe?'M. de Knipbaufenhas a wonderful natural Ge-
nius, and wculd have every Talent requifite for a
Minifter, if kewas not quite fo averfe to Labourbut being as lazy as his Father-in-Law is laborious,Affairs fuffer in his hands by delay. Not but thathe knows how to difpatch them, if he will, for no-
body is more lively nor more vigilant than he, whenhe fetshisheart upon a thing but he is naturally in-
dolent, being fond of his Eafe and good Cheer.The Baron de Gobren, who is Director of the-
Chamber of Finances, and of the Po#-Office, isa Man of a good Family in the Marquise of
Brandenbarg. He has not been many years in the
Miniftry, but has the Reputation of an uprightMan, and one not to be corrupted. He is very re-ferved, and a Perfon of few Words, which giveshim an Air that thofe who are not converfant withhim miftake for Haughtinefs.
M. de Creutz has a happy Phyfiognomy, beinga mixture of hard Features with mild ones, thatcarry an Air of Probity and Franknefs, whichof all external Appearances isundoubtedly the moft
46 Berlin.
5
advantageous. Heis polite, and magnificent his
an extraordinary Vivacity, an admirable Facility of
expreffinghimfelf, and an eafy, affable, and gen-teel Behaviour. He never
promifesbut when he
means to perform, and his Vvord may be fafelyde*
pended on. 1 alwaysfound him very fincere, and 1
cannot help faying, I love him. Freinte-William
called him to his Councils, he having been hisSe-
cretary when he was Prince-Royal. His Afliduityand Punduality in performing the Duties of his
Office, had procured him the King's Affection to
fuch a degree that his Majefty continues to honour
him with his Good-will, and gives hecd to his Re-
présentations*.M. deCreutz is one of the richeft Subjeâs in the
Country, having had a very great Eftate by his
Wife She has alfo brought him a Daughter, an
only Child, who is faid to hâve a great deal of Wit;and beinga rich Heircû into the bargain, ihe will
not fail of Suitors.M. deVierec'.s a Man of Quality, and a Native
of Mecklemburg his Father wasCounjèllor of Stateto the late King, and his Envoy-Extraordinary in
Denmark. The Son, of whom 1am now writing,quitted the Service of Duke Anthony-Ulric of Brufvric-Wblfemhtttk, to be a Gentleman of the late
King*s Bed/chamber. When he came to Court,he had no Relations there, but he was fo happy asto raife himfelf Friends; for his modeft Air, andhis polite and fubmiffive Deportment, gain'd himthe Good-will of the Favourites and as he lovd
Play, he foon made himfelf acquainted with theCourt-
*}A.JtCrtutxdiedthebeginningof Ad.i 733,leaviogonljrooeDaoghto-,whoismirriedcoM.deUaeie,aGentkmanofagoodFamily,andhis Majefty'.Aid.de-CampandFaronnttf.This Marriagewasfolemnizedwitha greatdealofPomp,andhonouredwiththePrefenceoftheirMajeflie»,thewholeRoyalFamiljr»«adtheDukeoflorrain.
Berlin. 47
but
Court- Ladies, who always gave him their goodWord.
In 1711, when the Count de Dobnawent as the
King's Ambaflador to Francfort, for the Election
of an Emperor, he defir'd of the King that M. de
Vierec^ who was reckon'd the moft fober youngMan at Court, might be Marfhal of the Embafly,which was perform'd at the King's Expence. M.
de Vitréeacquitted himfe!f fo well in that Employ-ment, that he hadthe fame Poft at the Congrefs ofUtrecbt. He had afterwards, for a while, the
Care of the King's Affairs at the Court of France,when the Duke of Orleans wasRégent and at hisReturn from thence, he was employed in the Re-
gency of Cleves from whence he was called hometo better Preferment, by means of Gerftorfywhofe
Daughter he had married. For this Generai's onlySon being killed in Siaiy, his Majefty, in order tocomfort the Father, whom he lov d, and who hefaw took it very much to heart, declared M. de Pie-
rec hisSon-in-Law,Minifterof State. M..deGerfierf*sDaughter dying afterwards, M. de Vierectherebycame poflefled of a very great Eftate, and married
again to the Daughter of the Count de Finck, whowas formerly the Prince-Royal's Governor.
M. deVierecisperfedtlypolite, and altogether asmodeft now as he was befoce he was a Minifterbut he is clofe and referv'd, myfterious more thanneeds muft, and jealous. His Circumfpeâion,which extends to the minuteft things, gave himthe Air of a Minifter, before he had a thought, per-haps, of ever being one. What with his Kindred,his Eftate, and his Preferment, he is becomepower-ful at Court.
Thefe, Sir, are the Perfons of the greateft Con-
fequenceat the Court of Pruffia, with whom I hada particular Acquaintance. 1 am not fo vain as tothink 1 have painted them in their true Colours ¡
48 Berlin.
know.
but fuch as they appear'd to be in my eyes, I have
reprefented them to you. Men are not always the
fame nor do they appear in the fame light to allthat fee them every Man having his own way of
thinking, and few judging folidly.I have now told you all the Particulars that 1
know of this Court. What remains for me is to
mention fome things to you, which are worth yourfe-eing, if ever you live to come hither.
Such~arethe King's Cabinets of Medals andAn-
tiquities; that of Natural Curiofities, in which are
a great many things not to be feen elfewhere the
Chymical Laboratory, with its Furnaces and In-itruments of a new Invention the magnificent,Theatre, which the King caufed to be built for A-natomical Dcmonftrations, with all the Curiofitiesand Inftruments which are there kept the Royal
Library, one of the moft valuable andcompleat in
ailGermatty, where, befidesfcarceBooks and Manu-
fcripts, is a very curious CbinefePrinting-Prefs.Ail thefe things would be worth particularizing;
but to do this, a Man muft have a larger Acquain-tance here than I pretend to Befides, my Relation
is already fpun to fuch a length that 1 believe 'ris
time to conclude it.1 will, however, juft acquaint you of a Founda-
tion by the prefent King, m favour of the youngGentlemen of his Dominions, which are the Aca-
demies of Cadets, in Berlin, Magdebourg, and o-
ther Towns. where they are taught the Rudiments
of War fo that "risa Nurfery from whence the
King makes a Draught of good Officers. His
Majefty has moreover ordered his Gênerais of Foot
to take each a young Gentleman, whofe Fortune
does not happen to be equal to his Birth, to keepthem as Pages, and to make them learn their Ex-
ercifes, and every thing that an Officer ought to
Oranje bourg. 4.9
Vqi.. I. E lace
know. An excellent Inftitution this, and a fineRefource for the poor Nobility
1 am preparingtofet out forthwith for Hamburgb,Hanover, and the Court of ~ra~/w~ and after 1have made that Tour, you (hall have a fecondLet-ter from me. Mean-time, 1 am, (àc
LETTER II.
S I R, Hantntrgb,Jum20. 172p.
Othing gives me greater pleafure, than the
j~~j Approbation with which you are plcafed,to honour the Account 1fent you of the
Court ofPruffia; which I efteemasan infiniteRe-ward for the little trouble it coft me. You muft-not imagine that 1 can ever be weary of writing to
you 1 can never do any thiag more agreeable to
myfelf, thantocontributetoyourAmufement; andfhall think myfelf exceeding happy, if I can fuc-ceed.
1 fetout from Berlitupon the ioth of June, and'in lefs than four Hours came toOaANjEBouRo, a
royal Seat, which King Frederic I. caufed to bebuilt, and to which he gave the Name of Oranje-bourg, to perpctuate the Memory of his Mother,whowasbornrrincefsofOtf»^. This Prince, greatineveryAction, fpar*dnoCoft to render this Houfe
worthy of his magnificentTafte. The Situation ofthis Place is very charming, in the midft of fine
large Meadows, with Canals eut in them after themanner of Holland. The Apartmcntt of the Pa-
50 Oranjebourg, FERBELLIN.
ntvttts.
lace are grand, tho' the rich Furniture it had for-
merly has been removed to Berlin. The prefentKing not taking a fancy to it, all runs to ruinthe Gardens, which were the fineft in Germany%arenot kept in order; the great Veffelsof Porcellane;
.which were not to be match'd in Europe, the late
King having procur'd the choiceft Rarities of that
Ware, that were in theMagazines of Holland allthefe fine things, 1 fay, are pafs'd into the hands ofthe King of Poland, at Bref dm. The Gallery andthe Salonof Oranjebourg,whichwere furnim'd with
them, and which were reckoned among the Beau-ties of Germany,are of no account now but for theRichnefs of their Cielings.
From Oranjebourg, I went and lay at Ferbel-
lim, a Town which is only remarkable for a Vic-
tory gain'd here by the Eleétor Frederic-WilUam
over the Swedes. The latter enter'd his Domini-
ons, whilehe was engag'd with his Army in de-
fence of the Empire then attack'd by the Frenchon the Upper-Rbine. The Elector being inform'd
of the Invafion of his own Country by the Swedes,came away from theRbinewith his Troops, and byone of the braveft Marches that ever any General
made, deliver'd it from the Enemy. He furprizedthem in Ratenau, a Town in the Marquifate of
Brandenbourg, the Garrifonof which he made Pri-
foners and then continuing his March, he came
up with the Swedesnear Ferbellin, at a time when
the latter thought him ftill upon the Rbine, and
gain'd a compleat Viftory. A venerable old Gen-
tleman, who was very near the ElecWs Perfon at
this Battle, told me, that before the Engagementbegan, the Prince being at the head of hts Army,took out his Piftols, fir'd them in the Air, and lift-
ing up his Eyes to Heaven, laid, "Tisto tby GloryyGreatGod, tbat I difcbargemy Arms defend
myCaufe, tbcu knoweftit ta bejujl\ punifbmy E-
H A M B U R G H. 51
E 2 G~.il..
Hernies. Then drawing his Sword, and turning a-
bout to his Soldiers, My Comrades, faid he, I de-
fire no other Defence,nor no otber Weapons, but tbe
Proteffion of God,your Courage, and my Sword.Followme tberefore, myFriends, do as I do, and bi
ajfur'dofViiïory.In this Battle, Forbenius, the Ele&or's Gentle-
man of the Horfe, perceiving that a white SteedwhichhisMafter rode, madehis Perfona very plainMark for his Enemy, fo thatthey had fingledhimout to fire at, defir'd the Prince to change Horfeswith him. The Eleélor, who had a great Soûl,-aboveall Fear, refus'd at firft to do fo, but uporithe repeated Instancesof Forbenius,he confentedto
it; and the Moment that the Gentleman mountedthe Horfe whichthe Eleftorquitted, aCannon-Shotkill'd him dead upon the Place, fo quick, that he
expir'd without the Comfort of knowing that he
had thereby preferved the Life ofhis Mafter.
HAMBURGH, a Hanfe-Townin the Circleof Lower Saxony, is, without difpute, one of the:
richeft andmoftconfiderable Townsin ail the Em-
pire of Germany. It depends folely upon its Ma-
giftrates, who are chofe by the Burgers themfelves.
Its Liberty has been often contefted by the Kragsof. "enmàrk, who as Dukes of Ho~ein, pretendthat Hamburgbis built upon their Territory, and
thattherefore they ought to be the Sovereignsof it.The Eledtofs of Brandenbourg, and the Princes ofthe Houfe tif Brun/wic, always oppoled the In-croachmentsof the Danes nor will they fuffer any,Power whatfoeverto opprefs the City of Hamburgb,becaufe, if it were poffible, they would be glad toannexitto their own Domains. The City being-expofed to thefe Attacks, has taken ail the Méa-,«fures poffibleto be in a condition to défend its Li--
berty. 'Tisvéry well'fortified, maincains a gbod
52Hamburgh.
Garrifon, and has an Arfenal provided with allNecefiàries.The Commerceof Hamburgbisconfiderable, tho*
'tis very much leflen'd fince Frederie IV. King of
Denmark, prohibited the Importation of Merchan-
dize fi omHamburghto his Dominions*.The manner of living in this City is different
fromthat of ail theHanfe Towns. Hereis a toJerable
Opera ail the Year round t charming Walks,choice Company, much Vifiting and hearty Cheer.
Thereare lèverai good Houfesofthe Nobility,wheréForeigners are well receiv'd. The Merchantsareaffableand civil moftof them in their youth tra-vel to the moft remarkable Countries of Europr,where they then pafs for Gentlemen of Holftein.As they are rich, they can eafily afford to make a
good Appearance where-ever they come. There
they learn that polite Air, and that Behaviourwhich one would wilh to fee in ail Gentlemen of
good Families. The only thing for which 1 findfault with them, is, that they treat their Wives toomuch like the Levant People, where the Womenare only fuffer'd togo to the Mofques; fo here, theWomen fcarce go any where but to Church, or if
they at any time take thé Air, 'tis in company withtheir
ThisRefolutionwastakenbyhisMajeftyin 1725»onic-countofa Recoinage,whichtheHamburgbtnthoughtneceffiuy,partlyinordertohindertheirSilverfrombeingcarriedoutoftheirCitytoDcntnark.ThisDifputehadconfiderableConfe-quencn;fothatthe KingofDenmmrknot beingableto bringtheHambwrghtrttohis Terni1, pufli'dMattersfofar astofieoutacoupleofFrigatstocruifeat theMoutboftheElbe,whichfeizedall MrrchantShipsboundfortbatCity..But inMorch1736,theAffairwashappilyaccommoda ted.
f Jt wasfetup, carriedon, anddireûedbytomeofthéFo-reignMinijtenrefidingat Hamiurgb,whohadeachhisparticu-larProvince;fothatM.f/i prefidedat the Rehearfals,M. Jt W- reeolatedthe Dances,and M.S- hadtheorderingoftheClothes,theHead-dreflès,thePaintandthePatcheioftheAflrefiçs.
H A M B U K G H.53
E 3 to
their Hufbands and a Foreigner is fo feîdom ad-mitted to their Aflèmblies, that whenhe is, thofe
poor Women are as much aftonilh'd at the fight of
him, asa Sultanawould be to fee a Capuchin enterthe Seraglio.
There's a great many worthy People here. Ihave madean Acquaintance with.M. de Brocks,oneof the Magiftrates, who has acquir'd a Reputationfor his Skill in Poetry, by fucii Compofitions ascannot but convince Foreigners, whounderftandthe Higb-Dutcb, that as good thirigs may be faidin that Language, as in any other This M. deBrocks is ofan amiable Charadter, civil, and com-
plaifant, and has acquir'd the Love and Efteefn ofall that know him.
Moft of thç European Princes have ReûdentsJiere, for whiçh reafon here are feveral Chappels,pfthé RomanCatholicks, who otherwife would.bebji-
liged to go tOjthe Çhurch zt ,Menat as thftC^T-vtnifts are forc*44fiodo, the Lutberan bebg dié fte-Jigion that iï uppermofl: at Hamfargb; bui theJews hâve their Synagogueshère. What an odâEttablifljment is this maa Chriltian Country thow uncharitable, and eyennonfeniical and hôjrmuft it make thé Turks laugri! 'We grant Syna-gogues to the JtWt the Enemiesof Jésus Christ^who would crucify himagain, ifthey had not cloneit alreadyj andwerefufe Churehos and Temples• Thisiswhatforcetnybodybasdoabtedof,batPèreBo*.b»urt. '
f The Hatnburghtrihavenothingto fear fromthe ytw/j,withregardtotheirRepublic,buttheycannotfowelltruft theturbulentandenterpriringTemperof the^e»*»ÇatholiçOei-gy, whoaim at theirChurches.The popular*Commotion*whjcharebuttoo fréquentat Hambw%b,«>ul4foonfurniflithofeGendemenwithan Opportuuityto re-aflerrClâiinSwhichareincompatiblewiththeprefentLiljeritjrofthe^Çhy BitthisPretext,howplaufiblefoeverin favonroFthePapifts,isnotatail conclufiveagainftthe Calvinilliat Humbttrrb,whofurelymightbeas&feTytoleratcda»the7«w/ •-
54 H A M B U R G H.
to thofe that believe as we do in J e sus Ch r îs t
No, were you to call me Heretic a thoufand rimes,ï would fay, HOLLANDFOREVER where'tis aMaxim, to ieave every Man to his Confcience andwherethey think it wouldbea Conr radidiontoadmit
PeopIetobetheirFellow-Citizen?, and roden-)rthemthe Libertyofworfhipping Godin theirown way.
The Emperor's Minifter, who-hâs the Title ofRis Impertal Majefiy's Plenipctentiàryto the Crcle
pf Lower Saxony,commonly relides at Hamburgh.The laft Gentleman that had this Ëmployment wasthe Count deMt/cb* and (nicé his being maçjeVice-Prefident of thé Émpcror's Julie Council, hhas not been filPd up-f*.
The Populace of Hamburgh%\vfà,fuch another
ungoyernabte Herâ as the Amft'trdamMobs, havingtaken it into their heads fome ycat~ ¡¡go,out of
ïrti(ifo.rtt)f2eal for Religion, tdpluhder the Houfe
a't\ffCh&pël of thé, Empe'ror's Rdid¿nt the CityIn "oi-der to 'rta:ke,Sarisfkaion ^b**theInlblt, wa^sjcpVïdèmned'tpisiaîlda Hooft Wliich was to be the
|lêfidence of th^" Emperor*sMinifter always for
the' future, Fôr'this end, thé City bought the
Palace of the limitéBaron deGértzy a Man of greatPatitre in thé ^Hiftory of CharlesXII. King of Swe-'âeiis and wh6fe Fortune and Çataftrophe are wor-
jhy your norice,
Henry B^ron âeGortz wasbornof an independent"Faniily inirawircs/tfjwhichisaProv'incethataboundswifh Nobility of Piftinftion. Ijfe enter'd young^ntô thé Service of the ïkikeoi^o^ein^cUe/wic,ftnd rofetp be his-Minifter. Hewas a Mangene-'LJ~<J -r'
rOLl.9i.o- rous»Hispoilo^ÇU^ipoçgntîaiyof theCircleofLowerSaxoey,
wasçon&rr'dm1733 pontheCountit Seckentiorf,oneof the
1Emperor'&l-Matenant-Gener»!»buttheFunâkuuoftheEbj-baffyare petfoW'dtt>y,(heBaronit Kurizrei,the ImpérialPrefident.
t Jn>734thewasinftall'dVice-Chancellorof theEmpire,in the100moftheCountit Scbtnltra,BifliopofBambtrg,whoretir'4.
HAMBURGH. 55
E 4- both
rous, noble, and magnificent, even to Profufionvigilant, full of Projets and Stratagems a Manwhom nothing could furprize, nothing difïaadefrom a Defign that he had once form'd whofeAmbition wasboundlefs, and who always aim'd todo fomething to be talk'd of. In the North therewas no Intrigue in which he had not a hand, andinto which he did not likewife draw his Mafter,whom he pufli'd upon Enterprizes fo far abovehis Power to exécute, that hé thereby loft his Do-minions. The Baron de Gortz thought Holjîeintoo narrow a Sphère for him to move in, and there-fore he attach'd himfelf to CharlesXII. King ofSwtien%after that Prince returnd from his longStay at Bender. Cbarles wasjuft fuch a Mafter asthe Baron wanted, and he juft fuch a Minifter aswas necefîary for the King of Sweden nor wasthere ever in the World a greater Sympathy be-tween two Men. Gortz was born to form greatDefigns, Charles toput them in exécution and theconftant Defign of both was only to throw Europeinto a Ferment.
The Baron, befidesother happy Gifts of Nature,had the Talent of infinuating and p'eafing. Hefoon got an Afcendant over Cbarles, to fuch a de-gree that tho' this Prince was never to be advis'dby his Minifters, yet the Baron'sOpinion wasa Lawto him. Gortz frighten'd Europe,and made Swedentremble being as much fear'd and dreaded thereas the King himfelf. The Swedeswere uneafy tofee fo great a Share of Author:ry vefted in a Fo-
reigner and therefore form'd Parties and Cabalsto ftrip him of it } but they durft not dif-cover their Defigns. The Minilcr knew all thewhile they envy'd h:m, but was in no mannerof Concern about it for being fure of the Fa-vour of the King, he defpiied the Hatred,
56 H A M B U R G H.
both of the Populace and the Great Men •.But after the Death of Cbarles XII. who was
kiJJedat the Siège of Frederick/hall,in the Month
of December,the Swedesdid not fail to punifh himfor the Baron, before he cou'd hâve Intelligence of
theKing's Death, wasaâuallyput underan Arreftand upon thaï Occafionhe faidto the Officcr,Surelythe Kingmujlbedead! From that Moment he wasnever onceheardtocomplainor murmur; for hewas
intrepid even to Death; the Sentenceof whichhereceived with a wonderful Conftancy of Mind,chofe to die like a Philofopher, and thought too
freely of Religion to the very laft. A Divine, whois now one of the King of Denmark'sChaplains,turn'd his Heart, and brought him toacknowledgethat 'twastheHandof Godwhich fmotehim, Hewasconductedto thePlace of Executionina mourn-
ing Coach,inwhich t he Chaplainrode with him. Hehad a long Robe of black Velvet, ty'd with Rtb-bands over his Shoulders; and as he was mountingthe Scaffold, which was hung with black Cloth,
perceiving one Duval, a Fren.-bman,who was his
Steward, he held out his Hand, faying, Farewell
Duval, Ijhall eat nomoreof tby Soups. When he
was on the Scaffold, an Officer of Juftice read a
Paper to him with a loud Voice in which it was
declared that he wasdegraded from the Rank of
Nobility, and that the Queen had order'd him to
be beheaded. Âlasl faid he, am born a free
Baronof tbe Empire. Sweden cannottake fromme
V)batit nevergave me; and if I hadreallj defen/dto bedegraded,nonebas a Right to doit but tbe Em-
peror. Having requir'd oneof his Valets de Cham-bre
• ThecoœmonPeoplecou'dneverforgivehimforbisman-
«rofraifing Tax«; byfillingthé KinfsCofferswithailthe
SUveroftheKingdoœ,andfubititutingiafteadofitaCoppaMo-
rey, whichwillperpetuatehisMemoryefpeciallytheCoinsoewhichhecaus'dthefevenPlanetstobeengrav'd whichue
feugbtafter,andkoardedupas MonumentsofhisAdminiântioa,
Al t e n a. 57
bre toundreii him, hedeliverM the Ribbandof thcOrder of the BlackEagle of Pruffia to a Gentlemanwho ftopd near him, and enjoin'd him to carry itto pneof his Kindred, that he might return it to
the King of Pruffa. Then he fell on his Knees,without fhewing the leaft Sign of Fear and re-
ceiv'd the Stroke of Death with a Conftancy ofwhich there are very few Examples. His Head
being expofed to the People, wasa pleafing Victimto their Hatred and Revenge. The Baron's Corpfewas interr'd, at the Place of Execution, fromwhence one of his Footmen took it away in the
Kight-time, put it into a Barrel, and carry'd it to
Hamèurgb', where it was laid upon a Bed of State,and bury'd withall the Formalities fitting the Rankwhich he had held in the World.
Within a Cannon-Shot of Hamburgb, ftands theTownofALTENA, which belongs to the King ofpennark. The SwedijhGeneral, Steinbeck,reduc*dit to Aflies, the gth oîjanuary 1712, by way of
Reprifal, as he faid, becaufe the Datteshad burntStaden but there was this Difference, that theDanes had befieg'd Staden in forms and deftroy'dit by their Bombs whereas Sieinbockzâsd the partof an Incendiary. As foon as he appçar'd be-before Altena-,he fent in a Meflage to advife theInhabitants to retire with whatthey could carry off,for that he wasgoing to deftroy their Town. The
Magiftratcs came out in a Body, and falling at hisFeet, begg'd for Mercy, and offer*d him a confia
derable Sumof Money.Steinbeckinfîilingon more,they granted him his whole Demard, only theydeûr*dTime to go to Hamburgb for the Money.The mercilefsGeneral would admit of nofuch De-lay. The poor Inhabitants were oblig'd to turn out;the Mothers carry'd out their Infants the youngFellows, the paralytick old Men fome groan'dynder Loads of Furniturc all lamentedthetr Fate,
and
c8 A L T E N A.
to
and uter'd Cries that wou'd have almoft pierc'd aStone. The Swedes ftood at the Barriers, with
flaming Torches in their Hands, to fee them pafs iand before the poor Inhabitants were all gone out,
they enter'd the Town, and fet fire to all parts of
it not fparing even the Vaults of the Dead.Never was a greater Defolation known but
what compleated the Ruin of the Altenois, wasthe Neceffityof the Times, which was fuchas ob-
lig'd the Hamburgbersnot to entertain them. Se-veral prejudic'd Authors have faid that the Ham-
burgbers, infenfible, if not overjoy'd at the Cala-
mity of their Neighbours, kept their Gates Ihut,that they might fee them perifli. But the truth
is, that the Hamburgbers were oblig'd ta be thus
ftriô becaufe the Plague raging at that time in
Holftein, the Eleftor of Hanoverhad forc'd them
to ftopall Commerce with thatCountry threatningthem, that if he heard they had the leaft Commu-nication with Altena^ he wou'd prohibithis Subjeftsfrom ail manner of Correfponaence with the Cityof Hamburgb. Befides, it wou'd not have been
prudent in the Hamburgbersto have open'd their
Gates in the Night-time for the Swedijb Armybeing fo near, they could not tell but the Swedes
might corne into the Town as well as the Altenois.To the Misfortune of the Times therefore muft beafcribed the Diftrefs of the Inhabitants of Altena,mon: of whom perithed with Cold, Want, and
Defpair.Frédéric IV. King of Dent/tari, being touched
with Cornpaflîon for the Misfortune of hisSubje&sof Aliéna, relieved them as far as the Neceffityof
the Times wou'd give him leave. He caus'd
them to be fupply'd with Materials for rebuildingtheir Houfes and now Altena has recovered herLoffes: for the King of Denmarkhas not onlygrant-ed it many newPrivileges, buthas caus'd a Harbour
ALTEN A. 59
LET.
to be made there; and does ail that is in his powerto draw a Trade to it. This City being a pri-
vilegM Place for Bankrupts, many of that Cha-raâcr come from Hamburgb to fettle here andthere is a general Toleration for thofe of ail Re-
ligions, who have their Churches and Templeshere; which draws fuch numbers of People, thatin time Aïttna will probably become Hanbvrgbtand Hamburgb Alttna For the Hamburgbers, onthe contrary4 wilt tolerate no Chriftian Seâs; tho'
they grant the Jews the public Exercife of their
Religion, as bas been already obferved. TheGovernour of Danijb Holftein refides here, whois the Count de Reventlau^ Brother to the • Queenof Denmari. Iam, iâc.
SecondWifeof KingFreJtricIV. whodiedin OOeitr1730.rier beinzfoonchinfavourwiththatPrince.wasthecanfeof her Diwsceafterthe DeathofthatM<aarch andfheretîr'dtothefie ofTvbntn,tvhereiheleadsa venrmehs»cholyLifc.
60 HAR B OUR G.
EETTER III.
SIR, Hmmver,Jaly§, 1749.H I S Letter is to acquaint you of fome
things that 1 remark'd in the Road from
JL Hamburgb, and in this City itfelf where
1 have now been thefe thrce Days.I fet out from Hamburgb the 22d ofjune, and
went by Water to Ha r bourg, having fent myChaife thither the Day before. This Town is a
Dépendant on the Dutchy of Lunenbqurg and be-
longs to the Eleflor of Brunfanc-Lunenbourg. Ithas nothing very remarkable but its Caftle, whichis a Pentagon, lin'd with a good Cover*d-Way.Madamoifelle fOlbreufe*, whom the Dukeof Zell
marry'd, had theTitleof Madame deHarbourg, till
Ihe wasrecogniz'dby the Emperor Princefsof the
Empire. For by the Laws of Qermatty a Princeof a Sovereign Family can marry rione but a Prin-
cefs, or a Countefs. If he wedj a private Gentle.
woman, he not only marries bclowhimfelf, but hisWife does not go by his Name; and the Childrenof fuch Marriage cannot fucceed, unlefsthe Empe-ror declare the MotheraPrincefs; as hecommonlydoes in favour of Princes of antient Families.
Between Harbourg and Zelî%which is twelve
MiJfs, there is fcarce any thing but Heath. The
Poll-Stagcs, which are of four Miles, are very ill
fervU
ShevascalledEltomrtt Emiers,andwastheDanghterofAltxoxdtr£ Olbnufc.aGentlemanofPtiâtm.
Z E L L. 6l
ferv'd, and the Inns the worft in Germany; all
which together render the Road extremely dif-
agreeable.ZELLis a little Town with great Suburbs. Ail
its Buildings are of Timber, cxcept the Churches,
the Caftle, and the Houfe of Correction, which
are of Brick. There is a Trade from hence to Bre-
men, by the River Aller.
Afrer the Death of George-William^ the lait
Duke of Zell this City, and its Dependency,the Dutchy of Ltmenbourg, devolv'd îo his Ne-
phew George,Eleétor of Brunfwic-Hanover, after-
wards King of Great Britain. This Prince had a
Reg^ncyat Zell, which judged all Caufes, without
anyAppeal but to the Council ofState at Hanover.
The Prefidentofitatthistime, is theBaron<&Frief-
iergt a Perfon of a good Family in the Country of
Eildejbeim; who has been a iong time theElector's
Envoy at the Diet of Ratijhon, where I knew
him, and received a world of Civilities from him.
He iscfteem'd for the prudent Management of his
Office, and his noble manner of living. There
are a great many Perfons of Quality fettled at Zell,who for a trifling Expence enjoy the Pleafures
ofagreeable Society. They vifit andrecale one
another very much, and are not wanting m Civi-
lities to Foreigners. Monfieur de Scbuler.bourgbf,Lieutenant-General of the Hanoverian Horfe, and
Knight
The HcmfcofBnurfwthu foritsHead EnuftofZtll,whobyBtrwardandJlbtrt the Great,theSon of Otbothe
Infant,defcendedfromthe Familysof Eftt and Witikini.
Getrg+miKamDukeofZtll, wasGrandfonto William,thefecoidSonofEnuJ t fromwhomcamethetwoBranchesof
LwnieergZdl,and Luntnbomrg-Hanwcrboth whichwereuaitedin théfingleFamilyofSam-ver,by theDeathof theDukeofZrf/,wholeft noIflfuebeûdesa DaughtermarriedtobitCnmnGttrgtI. KingofGrtatSritain,aswellasElcctorofHamvtr.
t Moafienrit Stbuhnbnrgbdied thebeginningoftheYear.«733*
62 Z ELL.
the
KnightoFtheP«#«» Order of the Black Eagle, isthe Governqur ofthis Town. He isaGentleman of
good Extraction, of Behaviour,Noble, Polite, and
Eafy and though he is Father of a numerous Fa-
mily, he affe&s to live grand, and keeps a verygood Table. One of his Sons is in the Service of
Profita, theothers are in that of the King ofEngland.1 mention them to you, becaufe they are worthyGentlemen; and whoever knows them, cannot butefteem them.
Here are a great many Frencb People, Catbolickas well as Proteftant, of whom the former have a
Chapel, and the latter a Church but the Religionwhich is predominant, is the Lutheran. The laftDutchefs ofZell, of the Family of Olbreufe,beinga Frencb Woman, filld her Hufband's Court andGuards with her own Countrymen who were even
preferr'd before the Natives of Zell. I have beentokLthat thefe Frenebmenreally thought themfelvesfo much afhome, thattherehappen'd
to be onedayno lefs thàn a dozen of 'em at Dinner at the Duke's
Table, who all except the Prince were Frencimten;which one of them obferving, faid to the Duke,
My Lord, tbis is really very pkajant t~bereis no
Foreigner bere butyou1In thé Neighbourhood of this Town there's the
Caftle of Âblcnj where, (about nine Years ago,)the unfortunate Daughter of the laft Duke of Zell,
by Madamoifelle d*Olbreufetended her Days, afterfhe had been retir'd thither about thirty fix YearsShe hadbeenpromifedin Marriageto Augufius-Wïl-liam, the hereditary Prince of Brunfwic-Lunen-bnrg-JVoîfembuttle but her Father the Duke, bythe Intrigues of the Princefs Sophia, Dutchefs of
Hatover, marry'dher againft her Will, and againftthe Confent of her Mother, to the hereditary Prince
George-Lewis,who was afterwards Kingof Great
Britam, by Right of his Mother, and who died in
HAN 0 V E R.63
the Year 1727, ashecame to makethe Tour ofhis
hereditary Dominions. She was fixteen Years oldat her Marriage with that Prince, who was then
twenty-two.Tho' there's a good deal of Heath between
Zell and Hanover, yet the Country is very well
cultivated for the Inhabitants not only make
Turfs of the Heath for Fewel, but it ferves alfofor Pafturage, and for Manure. 'Tis about fiveGermanMiles from one Town to the other, and Itravell'd it in lefs than five Hours.
Hanover, the Capitalof theEleftorateof Brun-
fwic-Lunenbourg,is bigger than Zell. The RiverLeine divides it into the old and new Towns,which are both encompafs'd with Ramparts thatfcarcedeferve the Name. There is nothing veryextraordinary in the Palace or Caille, which is rathercommodious than magnificent and the Town of
Hanover, generally fpeaking, is but ill built. Themoft remarkable Structure in it, is the RomanCa-ibolickChurch, which was granted to thofe of thatCommunion by Erneft-Auguftusof Brunfwic-Lu-KM~oK~MO~~r that being one of the Condi-tions which the Emperor Leopolddemanded of himwhen he honour'd him with the Electoral Dignity.That Prince moreover engag'd to admit of an
Apoftolkal Vicâr in his Dominions; and to givehim leave to refide at Hanover, as Spiga, <who
lately died at Francfort* did for many Years.Divine Service is perform'd in this Church as re-
gularly as in a Cathedral and they- who officiatein it are Miflionaries. Thenumber of Catholicksis very confiderable but few Perfons of Quality
are
PopeClemtntXII.onhis AcceffiontothePontificate,ap-pointedtorhisSucceiTorSchorror,BifhopofHelenopolis,a NativeofBonn,in the Ele&orateofCsiognea aPrelatcas amiableaivencrabk.
64 H AN O V Ê R.are of that Communion, the Nobility being all Lu-tberans.
When GeorgeI. King of Great Britah left hisGerman Dominions to take pofieffion of hi; King-dom, he was willing that ail Affairs at Hanoverlhou'd continue on the fame footing as they werebefore he was called to the Throne and hc left be->hind him Prince Frederic his Grandfor, nowPrince of Woles; who not only had a Dt ~wing-Room every Day, but the fame Attendance as hadthe Eleftor before he was King.
His Majefty King GeorgeII. has made no Alte.ration in the Eftablifhment of the King his Father.When he fentfor the Prince of Walet to Englani, heorder'd the Courtiers to continue theirAfiembliesattheCaftle and that his Table ihou'd alwaysbe ferv*din thefame manneras ifhehimfelf wasat Henover.His Majefty keeps up the fame number of Gentle-
men, Pages, Domeftics, and Guards and the famenumber of Horfes, Grooms, &ff. in his Stables.
There's a Frencb Comedyafted three timesa Week
at the Palace, to which all People are admitted
gratis and there are frequently Concerts, Ba11sand
AflTemblies. The Gentlemen who do the Court.Honours at thefe Entertainments, and who invite
Perfons to dine or fup at the King's Table, areeither M. de Hardenbergythe Grand Marflial, or,1in his abfence, the Baron de Gortz Chief Stew-
ard of the Houfliold* or elfe M. de Rbeéen, Cap-tain of the Caftle of Hanover.
In the King's abfence, the Government is com-
pos'd of a Cbuncil of State, whcreof M. de Har-
dtnberg is Chief or Prefident; which meets every
day in an Apartment of the Caftle. To this all
the Courts of Juftice in the Dominions of Ha-
nover are fubjeft, and accountablc. The Councilof
He retir'dfomeVon fincefrw»Covt, to hû EftattatStblitz,inFranttma.
H A N 0 V E A. 65
Vo l. I. F Scotland.
of State receives its Orders immediately from the
King; and they are counter-figned either by theCount de Botbmar^or by M. de Hattorf, the twoGermanMinifters that attend his Majefty's Perfon.
The Count de Botbmar is an old Gentleman,who for a long time refided in quality of the Elec-tor's Envoy at the Court of England, where, byhis prudent Management for his Mafter, he che-riflied the moft inconteftable Right that a Princecan poffiblyhave to a Crown; 1 mean, the Voice ofthe People.
M. de Hattorf is not only the Minifter's Son,but has been his Co-adjutor, for they had both theWar-Office in their Province; for which reafon
they werecalled Louvoisand Barbefieux,a Compa-rifon which does no Difhonour either to the one orto the other for if the two Hattorfs have notmade fuch a Blaze in the World, 'tis becaufetheyhad not a Lewis XIV. for their Mafter, for theywerenot inferior to the FrencbMinifters in Capacity»and Application to Bufinefs, and had not theirPride and Arrogance.
M. de Muncbaufenis one of thofe Minifters ofState who bears the moft Sway. He is of a
Temper beneficent, mild, civil, very candid, fober,and religious. He lives with Dignity, and hisHoufe is as open to Foreignersas any in the Cicy.
The Marfhal Baron de Bulau, is Commander inchiefof the Forces t. He has nomannerof Depen-
dance
TheCountdeBotbmardiedat Lonienin thebeginningofAn.17321ina veryadvanc'dAge,andmuchlamencedby ailthatknewhim. The BarondeHatterffucceededhimin theMiaiftrytotheKingasEleftor.
t Since this was written, the continual Ailmenta and great
Age of M. de EmUut, hâve obliged the King to make an Altera-
tion in the Command of his Troops. M. deHardtnbirp,
a
Knight of the Ttutonic Order, is Commander in Chief 01 the
Hon'e, and M. Melvit, who is defcended of a noble Family in
66 H A N O VE R,dance on the Council of State,, and receiveshis Or-ders immediately from thé King, by M. de Hattorfthe Secretary at War. The Promotion which the
King makes of Officersis bythe Recommendation ofM. de Bulau and fuch as would enter into the Ser-vice muft make their Application tohim. He ferv'dwith Diftin&ion in the Netberlatids,under my LordDuke of Marlborougb. He has aftually under hisCommand 1 8000Men, which is the Complementof the King of Great Britaitfs Forces, as Elector.His Majefty indeed, keeps in pay 12000 Hef-
JiattSi, and 4000 Men of the Troops of Wolfen-buttle. 'Tis true, thofe Forces are paidby England,but to me it feems they are only to defend the
King's Dominions in Germany.Tho* the Sovereign is abfent, yet here are not
wanting Amufements there being many good Fa-
milies, and a number of amiable Perfons.
The lovely Countefs of Delilz, Niece to the
Dutchefs of Kendal, cou'd not fail of Adorers,even in the moft barbarous Countries; for the
Charms of her Mind are not inferior to the Beauty,Sweetnefs, and Gracefulnefs of her Perfon.
No Lady can have a better Temper or Beha-
viour than the BaronefsdeBulan, Daughter-in-lawto the Marlhal, and Daughter to the late Countefs
of Platen: her Hufband is a worthy Gentleman,and keepsa very good Houfe.
The Count de Platen, hereditary Poft-Mafter-
General, is one of the richeft Subjeds in the EJec-
torate, and one that fpends the moft Money. A
Foreigner will always have caufe to fpeak wellof
M. de Rbedcn, Captain of the Caftle, and M. de
Wagenbeim,the great Cup-Béarer. Me&eursd' lit enlive
Scotland,hastheCommandof theFoot. Theyare bothOfficenofRéputation,andfignaliz'dtheirValourduringthelat«ytm.
TkeftattiGaryForceshavebecnoflateyeandisbanded.
H A N 0 V E R. 67
live fplendidly and both the Brothers, the eldeft
of whom is a Colonel of the Guards, are amiable
and infinitelypolite. If everyou cornehither, youwill certainly have reafon to be fond of their Com-
pany.The Situation of Hanover is very agreeable and
in its Neighbourhhood are feveral pretty Seats. A-
mong thefe Herenbaufen (the Houfe of the Lord,or the Mafter) is a Caille which wasbuilt by Order
of the Eleftor Erneft-Auguftus, the King's Grand-
Father. This Houfe, to which a ftrait Walk leads,bears no proportion to the Magnificence of its Gar-
dens, which are undeniably fome of the fineft in
all Europe; being particularly adorn'd with Water-
Works that throw the Water up much higherthan the famous Fountain at St. Cloud, which was
always look'd upon as the moft confiderableof the
kind •.Between Hanover and Herenbaufen,there are two
fineSeats of which, one is call'd Fantajîe, i. e. the
Whim\ and the other, Monbrillant, or, Mount-
Pleafant. They werebuilt by two Siftqrs-in-law,viz. Madamede Kilmanfeck, (who after her Huf-
band's Death, wasby King GeorgeI. created Coun-
tefs of Arlington) and the Countefs of Plate».
Thefe two Houfes are a Proof of thegood Tafte of
thofe Ladies, who were really an Honour to Ger-
many, for their Beauty, good Sente, Manners, and
Genius. They both died in their Prime, a littletimeafter one another my Lady Arlingtonin Eng-land, and the Countefs of Platen at Hanover, towhich fhe was not only an Ornament, but a
Luftre.F 2 The
ThefeWorkswerefetupbytheDirectionof Wm.Bek-soN,Efq;whowentoverto Hanoverforthatpurpofein 1716,wasfoonaftermadeSurveyor-GeneralofHis Majefty'sWorksin England,andij nowoneoftheAuditorsof theImprelt.
68 H A N O V E R.
lury,t
The Dominions of Hanover are fo confiderable*that I have been affured the Revenuesare no lefs
than fix Millions of Crowns per An. Whether this
be true, 1 do not know but 1 tell you what I was
told myfelf.Hamelenupon the Wefer is the only Town that
can be reckon'd a Place of Defence. Hanover, Zell,and Lunenbourg, have Ramparts; Harbourg, a
Caftle, or Citadel but ail fo inconfiderable, that
they are not worth mentioning.There are few Sovereigns whofe Finances are in
fo good a Condition as this Eleiftors; which has
been the happyProduceof three fucceeding Reignsand the goodOeconomy wherewith they werema-
naged by the three 1aftPrinces of the Electoral Fa-
mily, has contributed infinitely to the Figure it
makes at this time. Mean-while, notwithftandingthefe Regulations, the People werenever opprefs'd,and the Princes always lived with a Splendor fuit-
able to their Grandeur. Erneft-Auguftusobtained
the Electoral Dignity, notwithoutmakinggreat Pre-fents to theCourt oîVienna^ at a time too when his
Power was limited to the Dutchy of Hanever, and
the Bifhoprick of Ojnabrug. Tho' this Prince hada numerous Family to provide for, he livedwith Splendor, was fond of Magnificence and
Pleafures, gallant, generous, and libéral and when
he died, he left no Debts to pay, and his Financeswere in a goodState.
George I. his Son and Succefforkept up a con-
fiderable Bodyof Troops, and had a very f plendid,Court. As his Acquifitions were great, he diftri-butedhis Favourswhere-ever he was inform'd there
was a Neceffity and whenhe cameto the Throne,he made no Reform in thisCourt fô that their not
feeing him was the only Token of his Abfence.
At his Death, he left immenfe Sums in his Trea-
B R U N S W I C. 6g
2.
fury, and fo glorious a Chara&er, that his Subje&sftill biefs the Memory of his Reign.
GEORGEII. his Son, and the Heir of his Crown,his Dominions,andVirtues, behavesin the very famemanner. While he lives and adb like a King, heneither gives, on the one hand, into the Extrava-
gance of vain Pomp and Pageantry, nor on the o-
ther, into that fordid Thriftinefs which debafes
Royal Majefty, and extinguifhes the Love of Sub-
jefts. He accumulatesTreafure without oppreflinghis People, who love him, and offerup their Pray-ers for him, as 1 do for yourPrefervation and
Am, &c.
LETTER IV.
S I R, Blamkcnhourg,July 30,1729.W A S fix Hours travelling from Hanover tot BRUNSWIC,the Capital of the Durchy of that
Name, which isa very great City, with Houfesfoi the moft part of Timber. It was formerly a Free
and Impérial City, andoneof theHanfe-Tovins but
falling under the Sovereignty of the Princes of theHoufe of Brunfwic, they reduced it to a level withthe other Towns of their Dominions. It belongs tothe Duke of Brunfwic-LuncnbourgWolfmbuttlc,The Duke Rntbor~-Ulricbegan to fortify it; andhis Son Augufiui-William, the prefent Duke*, per-
F 3 feéted• Hediedin Marcb,1731,withoutIffuebyeitherofhis
three Wivesï whowere, t. ChriftiwStfbiaof Brmhmc.
70 Brunswic.
feft :dwhat remainedunfinifhcdat hisFather'sDeath,and made Brunfwic a Place which cannot be be-
fieged without a numerous Army But thenon theother hand, it would require fuch an Army to ga-rifon it as the Duke could not fûrnifh without the
help of his Neighbours, and which befides, wou'dnot perhaps be extraordinary convenient for him tointroduce. The faid Duke has caufeda new Palaceto be built, which is large and magnificent, and theFurniture is rich, new, and excellentlywellchofen.
Among the reft, there are very fine Pi&ures, anda Cabinet full of Curiofities.
The Duke ofBlanckenbourg,Brotherto the Dukeof WolfembuttUihas a particular Palace, where herefides in the Fair-time, but it did not appear to meto be a Houfe of anyconfequence.
The Fairs of Brtmfwiccontribute very much tomake it a rich and famous City, there being two
held every Year, and a confiderable Trade carriedon at both.
There is very good Diverfionduring thefe Fairsfor then all theDucal Family is generally at •&•»»£•wic\ to which foreign Princes come often, and
there is always a great Concourfe of the Nobility.The Duke fendsevery Morning to invite theQua-lity of both Sexes, who at Noon repair to the Pa-
lace. The Grand-Marlhal, for avoiding all Dif-
putes about Precedency, caufes the Ladies to*bematch'd with the Gentlemen by the drawing of
Tickets i" andfometimes ithappens that a Dutchefsis
2. Sapbia-JmtGaof Htlfttin-Gtttnf,and 3. Elix*httb-$ofbiaofHtlpiM'Nitémirg.whomhelefta Widow,after twoYcars
Marriage.Hi*BrotherLt*vis-R*Mpb,DokeofBrnmfimi'u-Lu-mtabtariandBioatànétmrf,fnccecdcdhim. He watbornin
1671,and in léçomarnedCbr~iaas-LoiafaoFOrtüegsn,bywhombehadthtcéPaughten theeldeftof whomwasmar-riedtotheEmperorCborlaVI. the fecoadtotheCzenmiitt,£omof Ptttr theGreat; and thethird, to the DokeFerii-tmd'Jtttrt pfBrunfwit-Lu*nlfviandBruira.
Brunswic. 71[
is at the lower end of the Table, which is ferved
with very great Magnificenceand Elegance. Whenthere are too many Guefts to fit at one Table, thetwo Brothers keep each a feparate Table at his ownPalace.At Night, the Companyrepairs toùisGernuin
Opéra, which being ended, they pafs into Rooms
joining to the Theatre where they play, and fup,and then dance. The Bail is open'dby theGentle-man who happened to draw the firft Number inthe Morning, and continues till Day-break.
The Ducal Family of BrunfwicWolfembuttlecon-
fifts nowbut of twoBrothers; theeldeft of whom,theDuke* Augujiiu-William,hashad three Wives, butno Iflue. He is married to a Princefs of Holftein-Norbourg.
Thefe two Princes are fo far advanced in Years,that the Duke Ferdinand-Albert of Brunfwic-Lu-
nenbourg-Bevern,Son-in-law to the Puke oîhianc-
kenbourg\yis lookeduponastheirt^ "mptive Heir.
Europe produces few rrinces 01 .nore diftinguimedMerit, whohâve equal Knowledge, moreLearning,and Integrity, or more Valour and Experience inWar. He has acquired a noble Reputation in Hun-
gary and he is not only a Brother-in-!aw to the
Emperor, but one of his favouriteGênerais, and hasa Regiment in his Service ||.
F 4 HisThe Branch of Brx~rfu~ic-Bcvrrn is dektuded frotn Hexr>
de Dan*tbtrg, eldeft Son of Duke Erneft, Head of the Bmnfwic
Family. Henry left two Sons the youngeit of whom, jiu^uflusof Wolftmbuttlt, had three Sons who form'd three Branches,
Bruiifwic, WalfcmbuttU, and Bt-vern. The two firft were u-
nited in Anthony Ulric. Ferdinand- Albert I. Chief of the Line
of Bevcrn, left 6ve Sons and a Daughter. Three of bis Sons
are dead of whomthe Eldeil \o&.his life at thé Battle ofSctel-
ienburg, in 1704; theThird died in 1706, when he wa> Pro-
voftofSt. BlaifecS Brumfwici as didthe Fifth alfo, in 1706,at theBattle of Turin. There remain two Sons, «/&. Duke
Ferdinand- Albert Il. and Duke Erntft-Ferdinand.t SeethefbregoingNote.g ThisPrincewasVcit-Mulhal-Geafnlof the Emperor'»
Forces,
72 BrUNSWIC.His Family conGfts of four Sons and three
Daughters*byhis Wïfejfntonietta-AmeliaofBrunf-
•wic-Blanckenbourg. Thefe are very hopeful youngPrinces. The eldeft, whofe Name is Charles +, is
of a lovely Make, and has Senfe infinitely beyondhis Years. The eldeft Princefs, Elizabetb-Cbrifti-tta ||, at twelve Years of Age may pafs for one that
is compleatly grown her Air is noble and modeft;
her Features regular in a word, ihe is form'd to
make that Prince happy who is one day to be her
Hufband.
Thc Court of Wolfembuttle is numerous, and
when afîembleddoes not want for Magnificence.The Minifters of moft Power are the Baron
Stein t, and the Count de Debn ••, The former
is
Forces, asà in that Qnalityhe commandedthe Emperor'aArmy.in the War which Fratue declaredagainft his Impérial Majjftyin 1733. He acquiredgreat Reputation at the Headofavetyweak Army, by hindering thtFrttcb fromdoing any thing morethan taking Fort Kehl in the firft Campaign, when the Empe-ror was furpriz'd and unprovided. At the Opening of the
Campaign in 1734. this Prince oppos'd the Defiens of the Mar-flial Brrtuici, byLiaes whichhe caft np at MmtiJerg,and whichwere ofgood ferviceto Prince E*gct, ta fkdlitadng hisRetreattowards Heilbm, when he came to take upon the Coan-mand of the Imperial Army. That great General own'd henever faw any thing look better, or that wasttronger and better
difpofed than thofe Lines, wbkh the Dnke of Btvtrm had
goarded tfll then, with an Army of not 15000 Men. Hisooft Serene Highnefs watin 1734» declaredby the- Dyet ofthe Empire, Velt-Mumal-Genual ofthe Armies ofthe Empire.
He had foortcea Children, «v'ç. ftren Sont and feven
Danghters, thelaftofwhomwasbotnin 1732.t He married Philipfiitm-CbarLtte, the King of PruJfiJs
thiid Danghter, in 1733.| This Princtfs was married tothe Prince Royal cifrnffia,
in 1733.t The Baron having quitted the Serviceof îfolfmbtttle, is
acVuallyaMinifierof State at Hoaovtr.•• The Coont dt DAm.after being difgrac'd. went to Dt*-
mari, of which he already worethe Orderof DomuebrtcL-.andobtaîned thé Title of ose of thé Kiug'j CoqnlcUonof State.
From
B R U N S W 1 C.73
is defcendedofan illuftriousFamily in Swabia Hewas in the Service of the Landgrave of Darmjiadt,and his Envoy at the Dyet of Ratisbon,and feveral
Courts, where he made himfelf confiderableby his
Eloquence, the Juftnefs of his Sentiments, by theEafe with which he exprefles them, and by his Po-litenefs.
The Count de Debn is a Native of Mecklemèurg,where he was born of a good Family, and enter'd
very young a Page to DukeAnthony-Ulricot Brunf-'wic-Wolfembuttle.He had the Happinefs to pleafethat Prince, but much more his Succeflbr, the Duke
Augttfiui-Williatn,who of his Page, m*de him hisFavourite and Minifter, heaped Wealth and Ho-nours upon him, and match'd him to the Daughrerof his Chancellor, who was one of the richeft Heir-elfes in al) Germony.
The young Minifter finding himfelf rich and
powerful, quickly thought theCourt oîWolfembuttletoo narrow a Stage for Action. He had chofe theCount deFleming, Prime Minifter of the King of
Poland, for aModel. He faw that this Minifter,under pretence of important Negotiations, went tothe chief Courts of the Empire to make a Parade ofhis Riches; and young Debn long'd with Impa-tience to imitate him. He procur'd himfelfto be no-minatedthe Duke's EnvoyExtraordinary toHollandand France^where he vy'd in every refpeâ with theAmbaflkdorsof the chiefCrowns. In fine, after hav-
ingftaid about eighteen Months t Paris, he went
away very much lamented by the Merchants andWorkmen withwhom he haddealings. He came to
Wolfembuttkto receive theApplaufes of his Mafter,and
Fromthat timeheftay'dtt hisEftatein theCoantryoiWolfem-buttlt,tillthcYear1734,that theKingofDenmarkappomtedhimtogotoPtttrsburg,to fillupthé Poilof hisEnvoyExtra-ordinaryvacantbythe DeaihofAl.ffefifhal.
ftitution,
74- BA UN SW 1 C.1
and to refthimfelf after the Fatigues lie had under-
gone in his important Negotiations.As Count Flemingwas honoured with the Orders
of Denmark, RuJJia, and Poland, his Rival too
thought he could not do without one Ribbon atleaft and thinking the Order of Dannebrockthemoft proper for him, becaufe it was white, he de-manded and obtained it of Frederic IV. the Kingof Denmark. When he faw himfelf thus adorn'd,he procured himfelf to be fent to Yienna. What
bafinefshe hadthere, 1 knownot; but he wasfcarceever from the Emperor, and in order to be nearerto his Perfon, he lodged juft by the Palace of theFavorita. He often relieved the Cares of the Mi-
niftry by making fome Entertainment or Ball. Hehad an admirable Geniusfor Dancing, fo that everybody thought himthe Inventor of Country-Dances.The Emperor gave him the Title of a Count, withwhich he returned to his own Court.
When Glory has once fir'd a noble Soul, nothingcan keep it within Bounds. The Count de Debnhad loft his firft Wife, who left him the Heir ofthree great Eftates; and he married again to anamiable Lady, who return'd him Love for Love.Tho' he wasdear to his Mafter, yet he could notrefol veto continueat Wolfembuttle,becaufehe hadaTafte for nothing but Treaties and Negotiations.He returned a fecondtime, as EnvoyExtraordinaryto the States-General, but did not ftay long at the
Hague; for after having had his publick Audience,wherein he affured their High-Mighcinefles of thefincereAffe&ion of his Mafter for their Republic,and of his own perfonal Joy to find himfelf featedin an Arm-Chair in their Affembly, he went overto England to refide at the Court of his Britannic
Majefty. He was admired for his Grandeur, asmuch in England aselfewhere but the Air of that
Country not agreeing with the Delicacyofhis Con-
B R U N S W I C. 75
we
ftitution, he return'd to Germany and, after hav-
ing made a tour to the chief Courtsof the Empire,he is come back to Wolfembuttïe where he ftays in
expectation that fome great Event or other willturn up, that he may be employd in fome remark-
able Embaify, whereby Europe^attentive to every
thingthat relates to h:rr«,may have frefh Proofs ofhis great Talents.
The Baron deHagen is Commander in Chief of
the Duke'sTroops, whichaétually amount to above
4000 Men, and*tis faid, that his Highnefs's Reve-nues exceed two Millions of Crowns. His Subjeftsare not the worft ufed of any in Germany. 'Tis a
good fruitful Country thé Peafants, who are foberand laborious, are as clownifh and as ftupid asthofe that herd with the Hogs in IVejlpbalia; but
they are robuft, ftrong, and good Soldiers.In Brunfwicthere is a Catholick Churchwhich
is fmall, but neat. The Duke jiHtimy-Uiriccax&'àit to be built at the timehe embraced the Catholick
Religion; which he did, after full Conviction, not
many Years before his Death.
Saltzdabl, a Pleafure-Houfe belonging to the
Duke, is a League from Brunfwic, and from Wol-
fembuttle. It was built by Duke Antbony-Ulric,oneof the moft magnificent Princes of his Time, andone who had the moft élégant Tafte. This Houfe
isworthy of nice Obfervation. It has a great Gal-
lery with a Collection of Pi&ures in it by the chief
Painters, which is not to be met with elfewhere.In one great Cabinet there is very fine Porcellaneand in another, a vaft number of Veflelsand Urns
painted by Raphael. In fhorr, the Curious can'twant here for Entertainment.
The Road from Brunfwic to Wolfembuttle isaspleafantas moft Roads. We crofs a little Wood
through which there are feveralRoutes eut, and as
JÔWOLFEMBUTTLE.
that
we corne near the Town, feveral pretty Seats ap.
pear in view.The Town of fVolfemhuttleis not half fo big as
Brunfwic nor is it better built, theHoufesbeing ofTimber. The Fortifications feem to me to be in
good Repair. The CaftJe, or Ducal Palace, is an-
cienr, and makes no great Appearance, but'tis com-
modious, and has good Lodging-Rooms. Thatwhich moft deferves the Attentionof a Traveller, is
the Library, whichis oneof the beftchofenin Europe,and contains very fcarceBooks and Manufcripts.
As 1 had left the Court at Brunfwic I did not
ftay many Hours at Wolfembuttle^but came to lie
hereatBLANCKENBOURG,where 1 have ail thatHeart can wifli for.
The Duke is as affableand as civil a Prince as
any in the World. In his Youth he vifited the
principal Courts of Europe, where he contrafted a
great Politenefs, and a folid Tafte of Elegancy.He loves the BellesLettres, protefts the Arts and
Sciences, and looks out for Men of Ab>lity to fervehim. He is magnihcent, generous, a good Prince,and a kind Mafter. He was at one and the fame
time, the Fatherof arEmprefs, and the Grand-Fa-ther of an Emperor. As a Father, he has a con-fiderable Penfion from the Emperor of Germanyand as a Grandfather, he has been honour'd withthe Order ofSt. Andrew of Mufcovy, founded byPeter the Great, which is a blue Ribbon, withSt. Andrrufs Crofs appendant to it enamell'd withblue. This Prince is alfo a Commander ofSuplen-bourg, a Commandery of the Order of St. Jobntannexed to the Houfe of Brunfwic. He has hadthree Daughters by his Wife EUzabetb-Cbriftinaof
Cetingen.The Dutchefs, tho' advanc'd in Years, retains an
Air of Grandeur and Majefly which ftrikes the Be-
holders, and her Features difcover the Marks of
Blanckenbourg. 77
that fliining Beauty which lhe had in her Youth.
But what renders this Princefs more venerable than
even her Birth, is her folid Piety, herjuft Difcern-
ment, her lively Imagination, her noble and eafymanner of expreffingherfelf, and her Principles of
Humanity, accompany'd with a Generofity freefrom all Oftentation.
1 had the honour to pay my Duty to her at Brunf-w/V, fome Years ago, when fhe receiv'd me with
fuch Tokens of Goodnefs as rejoic'd my veryHeart and upon all Occafionbfince, lhe has been
pleas'd to give me frefh Proofs of it. As 1 can be
of no fervice to this Princefs in any Cafe, nor fo
happy as to be able tocontribute to her Glory, 'tis
my Ambition to make every one, and you, Sir, in
particular, fenfible of the Refpedï and Attachmentwith which I amdevoted to her, and of the gratefulSenfe I have of the Benevolencewith which fhe has
honour'd me.
The Courtiers ofBlanckenbourgare, like their Ma-
fier, very polite. M. de Muncbaufen is the chiefof the Duke's Council, and was formerly in the Ser-vice of the Duke of IVolfembuttle.He is a Gentle-man of greatLearning, Labour, andVigilance, andhas a diftinél and noble Manner ofDelivery. Heis heartily attach'd to his Mafter and the Courtiersfeem'd to me to have an Efteem and Affe&ion forhim. Men of folid Judgment, and who have been
moreconverfant with this Minifter than I, have af-fured me that he is one of the greateft Genius's atthis prefent, in Germany
M. de Sporckis the. Grand-Marfhal, which Em-
ployment heacquitshimfelf in with very great Po-litenefsand Care. Heiscomeofa good Family, his
Father
Sincethe Dukefucceededhis Father,M.deMuncbaufenisbecomefirftMinifterofState,andmanagesalltheBranchesof that Officewiththat CareandJufticcwhichprocurehimuniverialLoveandEfteem.
yS Blanc ke nbou rg.
Father being Minifter of State, and Direétorof theDutchiesof Zell and Lunenbovrg. M. de Polentzdoes the Honours of the Court under him, in qua.lity of Great Cup-Bearer. As he had his Educa.tion at Court, he is vaftlypo lite; and Foreignerscannot but be pleasM with his good Behaviour.
The Dukeand Dutchefs deIight to feeForeignersat their Court, whom they load with Civilities, andwill have them always to dine and fup with their
Highneflès. After Dinner, they take the Air, ormake Vifits; and in the Evening there'san Aflembljrin theDutchefs's Apartment, wherethey play, then
fup, and afterwards every one retires. We havehad a Comedytwice or thrice, which is a#ed by the
young People of the Family, who perform theirParts very well efpecially in the Tragedies of Cor-seille and Racint, tranflated into Higi-Datcb.
The Pleafures of the Carnival are more gay, atwhichtime the Duke makesEntêitainments There'sa Ball, a Mafquerade,and Comedy at Court, everyDay and for the time there's fo great a Concourfeof Strangers here from the neighbouring Towns,that fometimes 'fis impoffibletoget a Lodging.
The Town Of Blanckenbouro is fmall, andthe Houfes ill built, and inconvenient. The Dukehas done all in his powerto engage the Inhabitantsto build; he has offer'd them Materials gratis, andhas moreover endeavour'd to infpire them with a
Tafte for the Arts but all without Succefs.1 never in my whole Life, faw People more in.
dolent and clownifh than thofe of Blanckenbaurg*and the neighbouring Towns. They are fo bigot-ted to old Cuftoms, that they fay, MYFather linfi
foyandfo will I; My Fatber didnct dotins, norwill
I. 1 cannot conceivehow People, fodull asthey are,and fo ftrongly attach'd to the Inftitutions of their
Fore-
Heisat prefentMarfhalof theCourt;M.JeMi/fit»isGre«Cup-fiearer,andM.deRt>jfi*tGreat-Hondaun.
BLANCKENBOURG. 79
Fore-Fathers, came to give into Lutber's Refor-mation
Blanckenbourgis a petty County, which Duke
iîntbeny-Ulric yielded in his Life-time to his fe.cond Son, to make him fomefort of Compenfationfor the Right ofPrimogeniture, which he had new-
ly introduc'd into his Family, to that Son's pre-judice For the Princes of Brunfwic had for a
long time been us'd toa Partition of Lands intheir
Families. The Hanover Branch was the firft thatabolith'd that Cuftom, pemicious to great Families.Duke Àatbony-Ulricwasonly reftrain'd from it byPr.Lewis his fecond Son, whom he lov'd more thanhis eldeft and not caring to leave him without
Dominions, to the Discrétion of a Brother, he gavehim Poffeffionof thisState inhis Life-time becaufehe wasof Opinion, that after his Death, his Willwou'd have the Fate of not being executed by his
Succeffor, according to the Cuftom introduc'd a-
mongSovereigns. With them 'tisa Right of Re-
gale, but for us to do fo, is a Crime.As the County of Blanckenbourgdoes not give
Admittance into the College of Princes at the Dyetof the Empire, fo it does not give the Rank of a
Sovereign Prince to the Perîon in poffeffionof it.The Duke, in order to procure himfelf both thefe
Privileges, made a Treaty with the Elector of Ha-
nover, whereby he got that Prince to yield him theVote and Seat which he enjoy'd in the Dyet forhis Dutchy of Grubenbagen And the Duke, onhis part, engag'd never to vote at the Dyet but in
conformity to the Sentimentsof the Eleétor. Afterhis Dcceafe,"or if he happensto fucceedhis Brother,
the
The reafonis, perhaps,becaufeout of thtir Attacbmentto»ldCuftami,theyhadtheCurioiitytogoa littlebigherbackthanthïirFathers.
80 Magdebourg.
5
the Vote and Seffionfor Grubenbagenrevert to theEledor ».
This, Sir, is aUthat I can fay to you at prefent.Their Highnefles being to fet out in a few days for
Oetingen, where they ufe to go every Summer, I
propofe to go forthwith to Leipjtc and DrefdenAnd at the latter Place1 hope to hear from you.
1 am, &c.
LETTER V.
S I Rt Drefdtn, Augufl30. 172g.
FROM
Blanckenbourg we hzve rill'd Lands,and fruitful Fieldsj with Woods of Oalcin*-
JL terfpers'd all the way, till we come to Mac- {
DEBOURG, the Capital of a Dutchy ofthat Name,
formerly an Archbifhoprick, but feculariled at
the Treaty of Weftpbalia, ùi favour ofthe Houle j
of Brandenbourg, to whom that Dutchy was
yielded in exchange for their refîgning Hither Po-
merania to Sweden. This City has for thefe two
Cen-
The Duke of Bkncktnbturg being becomeDokc of Woi-
ftmkuttlt, by the Death ef his Brother, has farce mscte «nyAltération in his Court. The Peribu who were heretofore hisCreatnre» and Favourites continue in the famé Employments.The Dutchefs Oowager remaios at Bnmfivic, in the fineHoufe which the late Dukecaus'd m be boilt; and of whichtheùdd Prince nude a Prêtent to her. with ail its rich Forai- |tore. This Princeâ il immenfely rich, and livet with verygreat Dignity. Her Steward i» M i* Wtdtrhff, who was
formerly Privy Counfcllor to the King of Dmutrl, and bis
Envoy Ëitraordiaarjr at the Court of Front.
MAGDEBOURG. 8i (
Centuries paft, fuffer'd very much. It was befieg'd
by the Emperor Charles V. who fqueez'd confide-rable Sums from it. But it fared worfe in that un-
happy War which divided Germi;ny during the
fpace of 30 Years; for the Counts de Tilly and
Papnbeim commanding the Imperial Army in
1631, took it by Storm, put the Inhabitants to rhe
Sword, and reduc'd the wholeCity almoft to Aflies.
Neverthelefs, 'ris fince pretty well recover'd, andhas fome fineHoufes. Thegreat Square before the
King's Palace has few equal to it for its Extent,and for the fine Houfes that encompafs it, whichare all uniform, three Stories high, and wereall raifed in this Reign. In this fame Square there'san Arfenal, which really is not fo magnificent asthat ofBerlin, but may be rank'd among the chiefArfenals in Europe. This is a populous Town,and has a more flourifhing Trade than any other
City in the King of Pruffia'sDominions.The great Church, which wasformerly the Me-
tropolitan, is ancient, and one of the largeft andmoft magnificent Buildings in Germany. It hasftill fome Reliques to Ihew, particularly the Bafinin which Pilate walhed his Hands, after havingpafs'd- Sentence of Death upon our Saviour theLanthorn which Judas made ufe of whenhe wentto apprehend him a Thorn of the Crown thatwas planted on his Head and things of the likekind.
The Chapter of Magdebourgis ftill, bating the
changeof Religion, on the famé footing as beforethe Reformation. The Canonsmuftall make Proofof ïheir Nobility tho' 'tis a PunElilio with whichthe King, who confersall the Prebends and Digni-ties of the Chapter, fometimesdifpenfes. The pre-
Vol. I. G fent• The Treafùryof St.DtimitineàrParis,boaftsalfoof
this Lantborn fo that Judat-maft havehad atleatt twoLanthorns.
82 Magdebourg.
fent Provoft is the Duke of Saxe-Barbi, who fuc
ceeded his Father in that Dignity, which bringshini in 12000 Crowns a-year. He lives in a fineHoufe on the great Square, fronting the Palace,built by the Order of King Frederic I. who alfo
caus'd a Citadel to be erefted here, on the other
lide of the Elbe, over which there is a Bridge.ThatKingbegan likewifeto fortify the Town; and
KingFrederic-tFilliam, whocarriedon, andfinilh'd
the Fortifications, has now made Magdebourgone ofthe moft important Places in Europe. M. de Wal-
rave, Chief Engineer, had the Direction of thofe
Works, which are a Proof of his grear Ability.The Margrave Albert of Brandenbourg Bro-
the- to the late King Frederic I. is Governour of
the Dutchy of Magdebourg as is the Prince of
Anbalt-Deffauof tîie Town, where he has a nu-
mérousGarrifon under his command. The Ar-
fenal, which is a fine Structure,and full of Cannon,and fmall Arms, is worth feeing.
The King of Pruffia having it much atheartto
render Magdebourga flourifhing Town, has tranf.
ferr'd the Regency of the Dutchy hither, which
was heretofore at Halte; and for this reafon there
are feveral good Houfes in the Town. The Dutchyof Magdebourgis one of the beft Provinces in the
Pruffian Dominions. It has a great Income from
the Elbe, and the Salt-Works. The Carholicks areallowed a Toleration of their Religion in the
Dutchy, and have Churches in the Town.
The Roads from Magdebeurgto Leipfic, are fo
bad at this time, by reafon of tho Rains that have
fallen for fome Days paft, that 1 have been three
Da in getting from the one Town to the other.
Indeed I went fome Leagues out of my way, on
purpofe to fee BARBIand COHTEN. The firft of
thefe Towns belongs to a Prince of the Houfe of
Saxon);
• Hediedia1731,asisbeforcobfenred.
Barbi, Cohten. 83
Saxony,of the Branch of Weiffenfeld\and has no-
thing confiderable but the Princs's Palace, which
makes a good appearance, and has commodious
Apartments, elegantly furniihed. There is a Sa-
lon, and a Clofet, the Cielings of which are paint-ed by Peine, and not the worft thirgs he has done.
The Palace has Gardens delightfully fituate by the
fide of the Elbe. The Duke de Barbi is the onlyPrince of the Houfe of Saxonywho profefles the
CalviniftReligion, in which he was educated by his
Father, who was at firft a Lutberan. This Prince
is a comely handfome young Man. He married
H. de iVirtemberg-Oels* but has no Cnildren.
He has been in the Service of Pruffia^and isGrand
Provoftof the Chapter of Magdebourg,and Knightof the Order of the White Eagle of Poland.
0
COHTEN, which is bigger than Barbi by onehalf, belongsto a Prince of Anbalt t; the only one
of his Branch, tho' he has had two Wives. 1 de-
fired leave to kifs his Hand; but he excus'd him-
felf by pretending an Indifpofition. 1 have ob-
ferved that petty Princes are always more difficult
of Accefs than great ones. The Town has no
Fortifications and 1 walk'd about a good while
to feeif there wasany thing remarkable, but 'twas
to nopurpofe; and I wasoblig'd to confine myfelfto my Inn, whichwas one of the worft in Europe.
LEIPSICftands in a fruitful Plain. This City,fo famous for itsFairs, and for its Univerfity, may
G 2 juftlyHer Nameil J^uêa-Louifa,fhe wasborntheuth of
Jmmutry1698.andis theDaughterof Cbrifitan-Vlric,Dukeof Wirttmberg-Otltand Btrnftadt,by his 3c!Wife,Sofbia,Wilbtlmina,ofEafi-Fritjland.
f ThisisAitgmjtui-Ltviis,wboin1728,facceededhisBrotherLmp$U.HisfeoaiodWifeEmiùmofPnmmiz,dyingin1732,h«nuny'dhitSifterAumFrtMîf of Promnitx;whichMatch,at that uk, Badea verygreatNoife. TheCurionsarere.ferr'dtoaPapercall'dIlGuoum-,ortheGleaner,publifhedin
1733,forwbatwatfaidnponit. Thi»PrincebashadChildrea.bylui tlliccWiva «adpra Sominparticalarbyhisfccoad.
84 L e i p s i c.
Lodg-
jualy pafs for the Jcwel of the Elcftorate of SaxenyV>otonly for the Beauty of its Structures, but forxhi confiderable Revenue which it yields to its So.
vereign, the King of Poland. 'Tis fmall, and
fac'd with Ramparts, and a Ditch but all thcfcFortifications are of little confequence. lis Caftle,or rather Ciradel, which joins to the Town, isa Place of greater Importance. There is always a
good Garrifon and Governour in it, who is at pre-fentGeneralBaumgarttn. AstheCaftlepaflesunderthe Denomination of the King*sHoufe, the Roman
Catholicks have had a Chapel there ever fince Au*
guftus II. embraced their Religion.The Suburbs of Leipfic are very large. The
City has four Gates newly built of Free-Stone,which are magnificent, tho' not according to theRules of Architecture.
At each Gate they have newly fet up a Mile-
Poft, fuch as the RomanshaAformerly. There arethe like Pofts at the Gates of-all the Towns,and
even at the Villages in the Eleftorate of Saxony.From hence they count the Leagues, which are di-vided at the end of every Quarter of a Mile, byother Pofts not fo big, upon all the great Roads,
fhewing the Diftances of the Places, and of the
chief Towns; which is a mighty Convenience to
Travd-kfSj who weré heretefereofien^impos'd upon
by the Poft-Maftcrs, as tothe Lcngth of the Roads.The Houfes of Leipficare large, very high, and
fubftantially builtof Free-Stone and their beingadorn'd with great fine Windows helps to fet themoffto the Eye. The Ground-Hoors of moft of
the Hoiills are Warehoufes, in which the foreignMer-chants ftoretlïe Goods they fétl at the Fairs,which are three in number every Year, wz. ac
jMFB.~6CT' --TheConcourfe of Foreigners here at the Fair-Seafon,is fogreat that 'tis oftena hard matter to get a
L E I PS I C 85
Lodging here for Love or Money. 1 myfl-lf fawin 1709, at the New-year's Fair, tbe late King ofPrujfia, the King and Queen of Peland, and 44Princes or Princetfes of SovereignFamilies. Thetwo Kings and the Queen lodgedat the Houfe of
Appel, a Merchant; where the King of Polandal-
ways refideswhenhe comes to Leipfic.The Univerfity, formerly fofamous, is verymuch
decay'd That of Halle, irs Neighbour, and its
Rival, in the King of Prujfta*sDominions, takes
away a great manyStudents from it. They l'aythatfor fome time paft there have been more able Pro-teflbrs at Halle, where befides 'tis much cheaper
living than at Leipfic; and where thr, Students arcnot fuch Spendthrifts, nor fo much addi&ed to
Expence and Gallantry.The Gardens of MelEeursAppeland Pofe, Mer-
chants, in the Suburbs, are worth feeing. Thefirlt is large and magnificent: In the fécondare veryuncommon Plants, cultivated withvery great Care.TheGardeners of Leipfic, who are reckon'd thebeft in all Germany,value themfelves upon forcingNature; fo that 1 have feen here, at Eajler Fair,the Fruits, Flowers, and Pulfe, of all the Seafons.The A1paragushere is delicious, and extraordinary
Jarge. Another Nicety at Ltipfic, is its Larks,whichâreTént overall Germany\ nay, to Poland,
Hollartdand Denmark. I was affured, but I willnot vouch for the Truth of it, that the very
Cuftom-Duty paid for Larks at ùipficy amountedto 12oooCrowns a-year which Sum 1 thought themore confiderable, becaufe think I have heardit
faid, that 60 Larks pay but a Grofli the Dutyjudge then how many there muft be to make up the
^um of 12000 Crowns. But be it true or falfe,*tiscertainthat there is not a Country in the Worldwhere thefeBirdsarc taken in fuch quantities; for,
G 3 from
• TUthe 24thptrtofa Dollar,oraboatzJ.iSHrliq.
86 Leipsic, HUBERTSBOURG.
of
from Micbaeîmafs to Martinmafs, the Fields areC>ver*dwirh *em.
Another Singularity is the multitude of Nigh-tingales, in rhe Woods near Leipfic whereof
they take great numbers, and keep them in CagesThe Innkeeper's Daughter, where 1 lodged, hadfeven of them and I have feen a great many atother Houfes.
Tis furprizing that fo -plentiful a Country as
Saxonyfhou'd have no better Ordinarys. 1don*tmcan Leipfic and Drefden, where, confidering oneis in Germany, we come off prettywell tho*wereit fo in Holland, the Nctberlands*or in France, weIhou'd not think ourfelves well us'd. 1 meantheliule Towns and Villages in aRoad fofrequentedas that frotn Leipfic to Drefden. There's Provifionto be had at thefe Ordinarys, but then "tis fo ill
drefs'd, and theHoufes fo naity, that 'tis enough totum one's Stomach.
Setting out from Leipfic, at the opening of the
Gates, I came betimes to Wermstorf, or Hv-
bertsbourg, (St. Huberfs Palace,) a magnifi-cent Hunting-Seat, which the Eledoral Prince of
Saxonyh building ai the Entraoceof a Foreft, wherethere are feveral Roads eut. This Houfe is five
Miles from Leipfic, and eight from Drefden andwhen 'tis finifli'd, will be large and magnificentMen arehard at work upon it, and the main Bodyof it is already compleated. Their Royal High-nefîes, the Prince and Princefs, ally hunt hère
at Spring and Autumn. Thé Equipage for the
Stag-hunting is very fine, the Liverics being Yel-
low, withFacingsof blucVelvet, and Silver Lace
at ail the Sçams.After 1 had walk'd an Hour or two at Hvhcrtf-
iourgt 1 proceeded on my Journey, and came to
Dinncr at Miissen, the Capital of Mijkia. This
City basnothing particular, befide»its Manufàdure
Meissen, Dresde n. 87
G 4 which
of Porcellane, which is fo finely painted and en-
amell'd with Gold, thatit ismore beautiful than the
Porcellane of Japan, and much dearer. The In-vention of it is owing to an Alchymift, or onethat pretended to be fuch •, whohad perfuaded a
great manyPeople hecouMmakeGold. The Kingof Polandbd\ev*d it as well as others, and to makefure of his Perfon,caus'd himto becommitted to theCaftle of Konigftein, three Mi!es from Drefden.There, inftead of makingGold, that folid preciousMetal, whichputsMankind on committing fo manyFollies, he invented Brittle Porcellane by which,in one Senfe, he made Gold, becaufethe great Ventofthat Ware brings a dealof Money into the Coun-
try. Afterhaving pafs'd the Elbe, over a wooden
Bridge, going out of Meijfen, I came in lefs thanthree Hours to Dresdetf, the Capital of the Elec-torate of Saxony. The City is pretty large, forti-
fy'd with Art and Regularity •, and very light-fome. Its Houfes are high and fubftantial, theStreets broad, ftrait, well pav*d, neat, and in the
Night-time well lighted. There are great Squaresin it; and the whole City is fo well laid eut, that
Drefden may be rank'd among the fineft in theWorld.
The Elbedivides it into twoParts which are di-
ftinguUhedby Old and New Drefden, and join'dtogether by aBridge of Stone.
In order to give you a more perfeâ: Idea of this
City, 1(hall pointout to you fuch things as1 tookmoft notice of. 1 (hall begin with Old Drefden,which is the firft that we come to from Metffen.At the Entrance of the Town, on the right hand,there is agreat Houfe, called the Palace ofthe In-
diu, or Hclland Houfe, which the King boughtfome Yearsago of his Prime Minifter, the MarfhalCount deFltmiug. AU the Rooms of dus Palace,
88 D R E S D E N.
The
which confifts of three Stories, are fo many Clo&tsof Japan and China Wares. 1 don't beJieve thatall the Warehouiès in Amjhrdam put together, arc
capable of furnifhing fucha quantity of uncommonold Porcellane, as is to be found here. The valueof it is computed at a Million of Crowns. The veryHoufhold-Goods are Indian. There is one Set of
Furniture, the like of which 1 never fawelfewhere:It confiasof Feathers of various Colours, and all
natural; in'aidwith fo much Art, thatit might betaken for a fineHowerMSattin.
This magnificent Palace basa Garden belongingto it, which looks txr/trds the Elbe. It is adorn'dwith Statues of white Marble, which the Kingcaus'd to be purchas'd at Rome,of the CardinalsAnnibal and Alexandtr Albanie Nephews to Cle-ment XI. Thefe Statuesare much more priz'd herethan they were at Rome.
Near the Palace of the Indies ftands that of the
Cadets; a magnificentStrudhire builtby die Statesof Saxony, for maint ï.ning two Companies of Ca-
dets, ail Gentlemen of the Country; who are there
inftrn&ed in ail the Sciences fitting for Perfons of
Ç>iaîity.Rirther up in the famé Street, there is an Am-
phithéâtre, or Arca, for the Battles of wild Bcaftsof which a great number is kept for that purpofe.Hereare Lions, Tigers, Bears; in ihort, ail the
fierceft Animais from the four Quarters of the
World.The Bridge over the Elbe, which joins Old
Drefdento theNew, is fearce to be parallèJ'd, either
for iîs Length or Subftance. It has lately been
made broader by forming Demy-Arches which
fupport the Riders on eachfide. The Barriers are
of Iron, well wroughr. An Equeftrlan Statue of
the King is goingtobsereftedupon it.
D R E S D E N. 89
tons,
The Palace or Caftle joins to the Bridge, at theEntrance of New DreJden. This is an ancientStruc-
ture, which makes but a mean Appearance; and'tis faid, that the
King intends it fliall be pull'ddown, and another built in its room and that his
Majefty has fet apart eight Millions of Crownsfor
the Expsnceofir.
The infide of the Caftle furpafifes the outfide.The State-Room is fplendidly furnifli'd. TheGreat Gallery contains feveral Curiolities, fuch as
anrique Bufts, Vefîcls, and Pi&ures.This Palace has two Chapels, one of whichbe«
longs to the Roman Catholicks, and the other tothe Lutherans. The firft was heretofore the Thea-tre for Operas, but the King turn'd it into a Chapel,upon account of the Marriage of his only Son withthe Archdutchefs, eldeft Daughter to the EmperorJofepbi the fecond was always the Chapel of theEle&ors of Saxony. The King might, if he pleas'd,hâve order d Maïs to be celebrated in it, but hewou'd not give his Subjefts that Handle for Com-
plaint; befides, the late Queen, his Wife, havingalways ftuck to the Luther an Religion, in whichflic was born, he left her that Chapel for her ufe.The Tr^eafilreof it is extremely rich, and contains
Veffels,Chafubles, and other things heretoforecon-fecrated and given to this Chapel by the Piety ofthe Eleclors.
The Royal Treafury, commonlycall'd the Grune
Grijsblbey(the Green Vault,) is in thé Palace. Theyare three arch'd Rooms, which contain immenfe
Riches, and fhine all over with Gold, Precious
Stones, and Diamonds. 'Tis one of the fineftPlaces in the World. There are feveral Sets ofBrilliant Diamonds, Rubies, Emcralds, Pearls, Sa-
phirs, and other Precious Stones. Every Set is
compleat, andconGftsof Buttonsfor Clothes, Loopsfor Hats, Swords, Hangers, Canes, Sleeve-But-
go D R E S D E N.
after
tons, Shoe Buckles, Muffs, and Sword-Belts,Snuff-
Boxes, Watches, Tweezer-Cafes, Pocket-Books ¡
inihort, all the Jewelsthatcanpoffibly be imagin'd,even to the Furniture of a Horfe; fo that were 1to write downeveryParticuIar,I fhould furnifli youa Volume. And they all look the better, for be-
ing ranged with wonderful Nicety in Cafesof Cry-ftal.
To the Caftle belongs aGarden, call'd the Zwin-
ger Garteny which is the Tailleries of Drefden, butnot.extenfwre enough to deferve the Name of aGarden. 'Tis encompafs'd with Buildings of Free-
Stone, which are Green-Houfes for Orange-Trees.The Structure confifts but of one Floor, on whichare rais'dfix large Pavilions, viz. three in front atthe Entrance, two on the fides, and one over thePortico at the Entrance which have ali a Com-munication with one another, by a Platform thathasBaluftradesadorn'd with Statues. It wou'd be hardto fay what Order of Architecture prevailsmoft inthis Edifice, the Carv'd-Work with which it is
decorated, being more of the Gothicthan the mo-dem Tafte.
Near to this Building there's a Palace whichmakes a great Shew, but the Apartments are bymuchtoo fmall, andtoolowforthe Ornamcntsem-
ploy'd about them. The King caus'd thisHoufe tobe built for the Countefs deCofèl, at the time when
that Lady was in high Favour. No Coft was
fpar'd in it but 'tis pity that a more fkilful Archi-teft had not beenpitched upon to conduft it.
There are five or fîx other Houfes, which are
hère calTdHotels, but in Italy wou'd certainly pafsfor Palaces. The Hotel de Fubl in the Street ofPirnitz is one of this number. It was erefted bythe Great Marfhal de Fubl who on his Death-bed
left it to his Wife, of whom it was purchas'd bythe Count dl Fleming. That Minitter fold it foon
DR ES DE N. ci
after to theKing, who made confiderableEmbelifl>
ments in it, and furnifhed it richly. In this Con-
dition his Majefty gave it in 1728, to the Marfhal
de Wackerbartby tomalï him amends when hehad been burnt out of the Houfe he liv'd in, asGovemour of Drefden. After this, the Gover-nour's Houfe being rebuilt, the King bought theother Houfe again of the Count de IVacktrbartk^andhas made ita Depofitaryof hisMedals,Antiqui-ties, and Curiofities.
To be fure you have heard that this Fire brokeout at the Governour's Houfe in the Night-time,while the King of Pruffia was here. His Majeftyaftually lodg'd at the Governour's Houfe; and wasin Bed when the Fire burft out with fuch fury thathe had but juft time to make his Efcape in his
Night-Gown, and to fave a little Box m whichthere were Papers of confequence for the Floor ofhis Bed-Chamberfell in, the moment after the Kingwas gone out of it. An Officer, his Wife, and herMaid-Servant perilh'd in the Flames. The CountdeWackerbartb only fav*dhis Wardrobe and his
Plate for his fine Library, and a noble Collectionwhich he had of Drawings, one of the compleateftand beft chofenSetts in Europe, were confum'd.
The Hotel of Hoybmis the moft confiderable
Building in Drefden. In about fix Years time ithad fourdifferent Owners. It was founded by the
King'sFavourite, the Count deFitztubm*, hisGreat
Chamberlain, and Minifter of State; who havingbeen kill'd in a Duel at Warfaw, by the Count de
St.
Hehadbeenin theKing'sServiceeverfincehewu onJyPrinceoïSaxutf,andalwaystookcaretokcepinFavoorjhe be-ing,ofalltheFavourires,thePerfonthathadthegreateftShareof thePrince'sConfidenceNeverthelefc,heowMhisAdvance-ment,andhisilluftriousPoftof MinifieroftheCabinet,to theIntereftofthe CountefsdeCtjit,whocaos'dthe ChancellorBeicbling,whohad alwaysbeartheFaroariteMinifter,tobeum'doat.
92 Dresde n.
her
4
St. Gilles, a Piedmontefethat came to Poland to
feek his Fortune, his Widow fold it to Marfhal
Fleming,who dying at Viennanot long afrer he had
purchafèd it, the Houfe fell to his Son, a weaklyChild, who did not long furyive him. His Mother,who was a Radzivil, washisHeirefs, and oneof the
greateft Matches in Europe. She was foon after
married again to a Polaxder vAiomlhe folio w*dintobis own Country and when fhe left Drefden, ihefold her Houfe to the Count de Hoym, who at pre-fent occupies it.
Not far from this Houfe are the King^ Stables,which are well worth feeing, there being a greatnumber of wonderful fineHorfès, and fome of ailforts of the nirtft Breeds. Over the Stables, areRooms fu -lof fine Equipage,confiftingoffumptuousSjddles and Houfings, Sleds and magnificent Har-nefs. Many of thefe Equipages are of the TurkijbMode, and plated with mafly Silver, adorn'd with
precious Stones.The Arfenal, which is muchboaftedof here>can-
not be reckon'd a fineone by any but fuch as havenot feen the Arfenal of Berlin, to which it is not tobe compar'd. There are feveral Rooms in it full of
Arms, Brafs Cannon, Helmets, and Cuiraflcs,which are the Tapeftry of Arfenals.
Thus, Sir, you have ail that 1 obferved in Dref-den: it remains for me to give you fome Accoupt
,of its Suburbs,and of the Pleafùre-Houfes whichthe King has in rhe Neighbourhood of this City.
The Suburbs of Dreflen are very extenfive, buthave no Building ofconfequence, except the Palacein the King's great Garden, built by his Majefty'sMother, and thatcaJl'd the Turtijb Palace, becaufeit is furnifted entirely after the Turkijb manner.The King gave an Entertainment at this Palace tothe Princefs his Daughter-in-law, on account. of
D R E S D E N. 93
the
her Arrivai at Drefden, which was fo particularthat 1 think ir defervesa Digreflion.
Upon the Feaft-Day, the wholeCourt appearedat the ïurkijb Palace, in the Habits of Turks. The
King came in the Drefs of a Sultan, but without
any Attendance, His Majefty was foon after fol-
low'dby the Princefshis Daughter-in-law, with her
Ladies. Her Royal Highnefs, for whom the En-
tertainment wasmade, found a Body of Janizariesdrawn up in the Court-Yard of the Palace. The
King receiv'd heratthe Entrance of hisApartment,and condufted her into a Hall fpread with fine
Tapeftry,and laid with Cufhions richly em-
broider'd.The King and Princefs being feated, were ferved
by twenty-four Negroesin fumptuousDreflcs, with
Sherbet, Coffee, and Sweet-Meats, in great Veffelsof maffySilver nor were fcentedWaters, and
per-fumed Handkerchiefs forgot. After thisCollation,
theydrew near theWindows to fee the Pillas (whichis the Rice of Turky)andthe King's Bcunty-Moneydiftributed to the Janizaries. This was followd
by a Comedy, with an Entertainment of TurkijbDançes. Then came the Supper, the Guelts fitùngcrofs-legg*dupon the Cuflùons, and the Courfcsbe-
ing ferved up after the fafhion ofl'urky, by the Ne-
groes and young Turks. While they wereat Table,the Company wasdiverted by the various Leaps andPoftures of certain Tumblers and Rope-Dancers.Supper being over, they went into the Garden,which was illuminated with feveral Thoufands of
Cryftal Lamps. There wasTilting, and lhootingat the Mark, and whenever the Mark washit, a
Sky-Rocket was fent up, which for the time feem'dto fprinkle Thoufands of Stars among thofe in the
Firmament. After this, the Companyretir'd into
the Palace, where the King and the Princefs open'dthe Bail, and tliere wasdancing till five o' cluck in
94 DRESDEN.
thc
the Morning, when the Bail was concluded with a
fumptuous Breakfaft that was fcrv'd at the feveralTables, after the manner of our own Countrywhich, with the leave of the Muffulnun%is as goodas theirs.
The fineft Royal Houfes, are Pilnitz and Mo-
ritzbourg. The King, who is certainly of ail So-
vereigns the moft magnificent, keeps Men continu-
ally at work, inembeliifliing thofe Places. The
Works are carried on bythe Direction ofMonf. Bot,whom 1 think to be not inferior to Bernini, and Idoubt not, fuch is my high Idea of him, that ashe is fupported by the Gencrority of a GreatKing,he will accomplith fuch Works as are worthy of
himfelf, and of his Mafter too.1 have now done with the Defcription of the
Palaces and Royal Houfes, in which, 1 own 1 havebeendefedfcive,and would gladly havebeen excus'dfrom giving it; but you would haveit, and Icou'dnot help gratifying you. I pafs now to fomethingmore important and lhall entertain you with the
prefent State of the Royal Family, and theCharac-ters of the moft diftinguim'd Perfons at Court.
Frederic-Avgustus II. Kingof Poland, andEledtor of Saxoty, is the Chief or this Auguft Fa-
mily. This Monarch, whom no Manfurpafi'es in
Strength and Dexterity, and whom few Princes e-
qual in Generofity, is the fecond Son of Jobn
GeorgeIII. Elector of Ssxony. He fucceeded hisBrother Jabn GeorgeIV. in the Eleqftomtç,andwas
chofeKingofP^W after the Death of the Great So-
bieski, notwidiftanding the Intrigues ot the Emifià-ries of France whodeclared for the Prince of Ctnti,
When Frederic-Auguftuiafcended the Throne,he brought all the Virtues to it fitting for a Great
King. The Agreeablenefsof his Perfon, his Ma-
jeftic Air, his Heroic Strength, his Good-Nature,his Politenefs, and his well-known Valour, were
DR E S DE N. Q5
any
the laft of his Qualities. Never was any Prince
moremagnificent, uordid any oneeither give more,or with a better Grace. As a General and a Statef-
man, he wasnever too much lifted up by Profperity,nor lhockd by Adverfity fo that he was ob-
ferved, when in the depth of his Misfortunes, to
adband treat even with his Enemies, with that Air
of Complaifanceand Satisfaction, which Meninurd
to great Affairs know how to affume, in the midft
of the cruelleft Mortifications. This Prince, in his
Youth, travelled to the chief Countries of Europe,and where-everhe came,wasadmirMforhisStrength,his Air, and Dexterity. Amongft other Adven-
tures, a very odd one befel him in his Travels, at
Venue. There happen'd to be in that City a famous
Aftrologer, who had the Reputation ofbeing well
read in the Book of Fate. The King, who was
only Prince at that time, had a mind that he Ihouldcalculate his Nativity, and for that purpofe went to
the Aftrologer's Houfe, accompanied by two Gen-
tlemen. They were all three drdsM in plain Ap-
parel, and the Prince, to difguife himfelf ftill the
more, had conceal'd his brown Hair under a fair
Peruke. He enter'd the laft Man, into the Aftro-
loger's Houfe, and feem'd to be rather as an At-
tendant, than a Companion of the others. But to
him the Aftrologer firft addrefs'd himfelf, callinghim by the Titles of My Lord and Higbnefi. The
Prince told him that his Rank in the World was
much too iman for fuch high Compliments but
the Aftrologer made anfwer, he knew very well
whom he fpoke to, and that it wasin vain for him
to think of concealinghimfelf from fuch a Man as
he. The Prince and his fmall Retinue were then
conduAed by him into a Clofet, where hs thewed
him a Looking-Glafs. Cajtyour Eyeou tbat Mir-
ror, faid he to thePrince, and there youvrillfeetbe
principal Evcnts ofyour Life. The Prince without
q6 D R E S D E N.
any fcruple, look'd accordinglys and faw himfelfat firft in thé Habit ofanÈledtor; afterwards, witha Crown on his Head, and a royal Mantle on his
Shoulders and at Jaft, full of Wounds, and bath'din his Blood.
This Story, which I ftiouldnot give you for true,if 1had not heard it from a great Nobleman whotold me he had it from the King's own Mouth, is
however, not withoutaParallel for it is pretended,that a Mafon told Madam de Maintenon, when fliewas no more than Madam Scarron, what her For-tune andTlank would be in France. I could men-
tion feveral other Inftances to you of the fame na-
ture, which all furprize me, tho' they don't con-vince me. Be it as it will, two Articles of the Pre-diétion made to the King of Poland are fully ac-
complilhed; as tothe third, may Heavenconfoundthe Aftrologer
The King of Poland fpends part of his time in
his Kingdom, and part of it in his Eleâorate. 'Tis
true, that he feems to take more delight in Saxonythan in Poland and 'tis in my Opinion very na-tural for him to do fo; Saxonybeing his hereditary
Country,
This partoftheProphecydidnottakeplace,fortheKingofPolanddiedinbisBedat Warfawthei&ofFtè. 1733,N.S.ThisMonarchfetoutintheMontbcijamuary,fromDnfdtn,toholdtheDyetof Palani,whichwu open'dat Warfaw,andeverythingfeem'dliketo pafsto the Satisfaûionof theKingandKingdom,whenthefe fineHopesweredemolilhedbytheDeathofthisPrince,whoin bis JaftSickneTs,prefcrredtheCluraâerofthe Hero,betrayingneitherFearnorFoVy}ailhisWiflibeingthathemightlivetoembracehisSon.
The Kingtbundhimfelfin adecliningState,feveralYears.DuringtheTaftDyetatGmJm,a Mortificationfeiz'dhisFoor0-forwhichreafon,M.dePetit, a SurgeonofParis,whomtheKingfentforonpurpofe.cutoff twoToes,andfethû MajcflynponbisLegsagain,buttoldhimwithall,hemuftobfervelucha Regimenas he preferibedtohim,orelfe-itwouldbreakoutagain. BottheKingfindinghimfelfbetter,negleâedPetit'Advice,and diedof the Mortification,ai thé.SurgeonJudfcictold.
D R E S D É N. 97
y&wïy « «'r,~L
Country, where he is fo abfolute that his Will is
the Law of his Subjecis, by whom he is rather a-
dor'd thanbelov*d befides, 'tisSaxonythat furnifheshim wherewithal to fupport his Dignity, and affershim every thing conducive to the Pleafures of aGreat King; and it is there that he has a Court, themoft brilliant in Europe, nqt only for its Splendor,but for Magnificenceand Pleafures whereas in Po-
tend, he has only the vain Pageantry of Royaltybeing under greater Limitations than any Sovereignin the World fo that the leaft Innovation, theleaftAét of Authority, makes the Pôlesclamorous,and they prefently think they are excufedfrom pay-ing him that Obedience which they owe him. Ailthe Gentlemen here are their own Mafters andthe Noblemen behave fo much likeSovereigns, that
they never gô to Court but to demand Faveurs,which if they obtain, they go away utigrateful, andif they are deny'd, they retire with the Intention of
taking a Revenge on the firftOpportunity For theClimate being rough, the People are fierce andthe King, tho' adored in Saxony, is fcarce belovedin Polani.
The Electoral Prince, this King's only Son, is
lufty, proper, and well made, and like the Kinghis Father is adroit in all bodily Exercifes. Heloves Pleafure, but 'ris with Moderation, and is
heartily attach'd to the Religion which he has em-brac'd. He is ftiff and referved, without beinghaughty, which is a Temper that he dérives fromthe late Queen his Mother*, whom he very muchrefembles, To fuch as have the Honour of Accefsto him, and of being known to him, he is gra-ciousv£u3pftK^ndvery civil. His Royal Highnefs
has b^^tfit^l^vfor his good Qualities in a great
T&nt^tfaîË'AJeiibourg-BareithQoeenofPalanJ, and
ifr~'diedat herSeMQ.oeenof pCMand.E ied at herScatat hretcbJ1Carylit,
t theKing.
98 Prefent State ofpart of Europe, parycularly in Germany, France,and Italy, where he has fpent feveral Years. No
Son can have more refpecî to a Parent than he has
for the King his Father, whofeWill and Pleafurehenever oppos'd in any oneInftance andwhofePerfon
hehasalwayshonour'deveninhisMinifters. Ofall
Pleafures he feems to beftow moft Time in Hunt-
ing; neverthelefshe makes it only asan Amufement
without being paffionately fond of it. His Royal
Highnefs's Confident isSolckoffkiovSulkoiijki aPo-
lijbGentleman who was oncehis Page; and by thusmaking him his Favourite, for which he cannot but
be applauded, he fhewsthat he iscapable of diftin-
guifhing true Merit. 1 had frequently the Honour
of making my Compliments to this Prince while he
was at Paris, and rhis isnow the fecond time that Ihave had the famé favour axDrefden,where I find he
ïs the famegraciousPerfonage asever. The laft time
that 1had the Honour of being introduc'd to him he
talk'd a great deal to me about Paris, and when he
difmifs'd me, he faid he wasforr yto think that Dref-denwouldnot afford me fomanyPleafuresasParis.
The fame Day that 1 waited on the Prince, 1was
introduced to the Princefs his Royal Highnefs'sConfort, who is the late Emperor Jofepb's eldeft
Daughter. The Voice of the People is unanimous
in the Character of this Princefs. AU Mankind a-
grees that fhe has not her fuperior for Good-natdre,
Picty, Charity, Modefty, and in a word for all,the Virtue of theSoul To pleafe her Hufband, and
to give her Children an Education fuitable to their
Birth, isher principal Endeavour. Tis rare to find
a happier Couple than their Royal Highneffes for
Marriage, which generally cools the warmeft Paf-
fions, &mson the contrary to have animated their
ThisPrincefuccesdinghisFatheria-theEieBonu, andafterwardsin the Throneof Pilamd,nk'i M.Stithfsii to th«
Dignityofa Count,andappointaihimhisMafiaoftheHoife,«d oneof hisCabinetMiuften.
the Court of S axoky. 99reciprocal Affection to fuch a degree that they are aPattern for the Imitation of their Court.
Their Royal Highneffes Children are fo youngthat 1 (hall fay but little of them Their eldeftSon very much refembles the Piétures that 1 havefeen of the Emperor Jofepb when he wasa Child.This young Prince feemsto me to be of a very deli-cite Conftitution, and has fogreat a Weaknefsin hisKnees that he can fcarce ftand The Phyficiansfay it will go off as he grows up, but their Promifesare no Gofpel for me.
The two Princes of the Blood, who commonlyrefideat Drefden, are John Adolpbusof Saxe-Weiffen-fels +, a Prince of uncommon Merit, whofe Sen-timents and Adions are no difparagement to his
Birth and Maurice-William of Saxc-Zeits, thelaft of hisBranch. He wasperfuaded by his Unclethe late Cardinal de Saxe-Zeits to abjure the Lutbe-ran Religion and to embrace the ecciefiafticalState:i
He is Bifhop of Konigfgraizin Bobemia,Provoft ofAltenOttingen in Bavaria, and a Canon of Cologne,Liege, and Aicbftedt, and is defcended from fuch a
Family that it may be prefum'd, he will fome dayor other, be advanc'd to the Purple ||
N. B.Wbatfpllmus,isa moreparticttlarJccounteftbtEleSo-raiFamilyofSaxony,tranjlatedfromtbeBaron"jStateofit ¡•wbicbii frefix'dtotbtfécondEditionoftheftMemoirs.
AuguftusIII. King of Poland Great Duke of Li-tbuania and Eleétor of Saxony,was born the feventhoiOSober 1696. He is theonly SonoiAugufiusII.the laft King of Poland and of Eberbardina of
Brandetibourg-Bareitb. His Grandmother, AnneH 2 Princefs
The Ele&oral Prince (now Ele&or of Saxony and King of
Poland) has eight Children, <viz. three Princes and five Princefîei;fo that the Eleâoral Branch is not like to be extinft very foon.
t The Vclt-Marûial the Count de Wackerbarth being dead,the Elcftor nam'd this Prince Generaliffimo of the Troops of the
EJeâorate in 1714.| This Prince has for fome time pafl: refided at Kouirf^ratz^
ioo Prefent State of
recall'd
Princefs Royal of Denmark, Widow of Jobn Georgethe thirdEleétor of Saxony, took care of himin his
Infancy, and imprefs'd him with thofe Sentiments
of Piety, Humanity, and Juftice, which render
him at this day the Darling of his People, and the
Pattern of Kings.At a proper Age, the King his Father took him
out of the hands of the Women, and committed
him to the Care of Monfieur deMiltitz, a Gentle-
man of a good Family; whom Learning, good Be-haviour and folid Virtue render'd worthy of fuch an
Employment.The Prince, whoalwaysfoundCharmsin Virtue,
was fenfibleof theMerit of hisGovernor He lov'd
him, wasinfeparablefromhim, andreceivMhisAd-
vice witha Docility, which, athistenderAge, wasa
prefage he wou'd be poflefs'd of that Fund of Wif-
dom which nowrenders him worthyof hisThrone.
While the young Prince was under the Cohduét
of the Women, God waspleas'd to touch the Heart
of the late King his Father That Monarch, who
happen'd to be born a Lutberany was converted to
the Roman Catholick Religion, and not long after
elefod King of Pola~ and his Majefty beingconvinc'd of the Purity of the Religion which
he had embracM, was indin'd to makea Convert
alfo of the Prince his Son. Neverthelefs, fuch was
thé Refpeft the King had for her Royal Highnefshis Mother, that he was loth that auguft Princefs
fhou'd be an Eye-witnefs of the young Prince's
renouncing a Religion which fhe had taught him,tand to which fhe was ftrenuoufly attach'd He
refolv'd therefore to remove him, and fent him to
Francfort to be prefent at the Coronation of the
Empercr CbarUsVL HisCompanion in this Jour-ney, was M. de Miltitx but as Gentleman%
Attachment to Lutber*sDoctrine made the King
apprehenfive that he wou'd thwart bis Views, he
the Court of S a x o k y. ioi
H 3 where
recall'd him, and appointed the Countde Cofta, andthe Baron de Hagent to be his Son's Governors.
The Count who was a Polander and Palatine ofLivenia, was not only of noble Birth, but a Gen-tleman of folid Piety, profound Learning, greatProbity, and as much refpected for hisPrinciples asbelov*dfor his good Behaviour and Politenefs.
The Baron de Hagen was of a Family of fomeDiftinâion in the Electorate of Triers He wasAmbaflàdor from the King at the Emperor's Elec-
tion, and at his Coronation at Francfort His Be-haviour was more grave than the Count de Cofta's,but he was not inferior to the Count for Leaming,Integrity, and good Senfe.
Under the Conduct of thefe two Gentlemen, thePrince fet out to vifit a part of Germanyand ltaly3where he embrac'd the RomanCatholick ReligionhisProfeflionof which, washowever for a long timeasprivate asit is now exemplary for he did not dc-clare his alteration of Religion 'till after the Deathof her moft Serene Highnefs hisGrandmother, whodied the firft of J.ly 1717 During this the Princemade the Tour of France where, tho' he travelldunder the Name of the Count de Mi/nia, LewisXIV. caus'dall theHonours to bepaid to him whichwere due to the Son of a great King.
The Court of fronce was charm'd with that Po-
litenefs, that nobleModefty, and that Fund of Wif-dom which accompany*dthis Prince's Aftions andConverfation: They admir'd him and wereforry forhis Departure. He travell'd a fecond time to I*alytwhere neacquir*dthat fineTafte of Men and Thingsand that Knowledgeof Archite&ure^ Painting, and
other curious Arts, which is fo ufeful for greatPrinces. Germany, upon the return of this Prince,blctt'd itfelf forhaving given him birth, and offer'd
qpPrayersdiatall itsPrinces mightbe like him. His
Royal Highnefs ftay'd aconfiderablewhileat Vienna,
102 Prefent State ofwhere he maintain'd the Reputation hehad acquir'din the feveral Countries he had feen. He returned
at length to Saxony, where there was an univerfal
Joy for his Arrivai. The Saxonswere charm'd to
fee the Prince that was defign'd by Heaven to be
their Sovereign, fo worthy of that Command. One
day or other, they faid, wefliall lofethe moft righ-rteous of Kings, and the beft of Mafters, but we
/hall find reftord in hisSon, his heroic Stature, his
majeftic Air, his Magnanimity, the fàme Temperfor Goodnefs, Equity and Generofity the Spiritof the great Auguftus wi1l be always prefent with
us and all our Lofs will be that of his Perfonal
Appearance.Not long after the Prince's Return to Drefdeit,
AugufiusChrifiopberCount deWackerbartb* treatedat Viennafor the Marriage of his Royal Highnefs to
the moft fereneArchdutchefs Maria Jofepba, eldcft
Daughter of the late Emperor Jofepb. The Count
de Flemming, Prime Minifter and Velt-Marfhal of
Saxony, folemnly demanded the moft ferene Arch-
dutchefs in Marriage and the Prince repaird to
Vienna to efpoufe her. The Ceremony was per-form*d in thé Chapel of la Favorita, with all the
Pomp fuitable to fo great a Match. Some Days af-
ter this, their Royal Highneflcs fet out for Dtefden,where they were receiv'd with an unparallell'd Mag-nificence. AugufiusII. the moft fplendid ofKings,and aPrince who had the beft Fancy for ordering of
Entertainments, outdid himfelf he thought no-
thing too good for celebraring the Nuptials of hisfo worthy a Son, with a Princefs whofe Anceftorswere ail Emperors.
The Rejoicings having lafted forty Days, the
King fet out for his Kingdom, leaving the Prince
Régent, as he always did whenever he went fromhîsEleaorate. la
Whedied, Jhguft13, 1734,a Minifterof théCabiset,VeltMarfhalandGovemourofPrtfdtn.
the Court «/Saxony. 103
H4. of
In 1726, the Prince himfelf took a Journey to
Pelant!, to which Country he had once before ac-
companied the King his Father in 1711, but then
-,made no long ftay. There he won the Hearts ofthe chief Nobility, who from that moment thoughtbim worthy of fucceeding one day to their Gover-
nor, the Great Auguftus. They werepleafed to fee,that he hqnour'd their Countryman, the Count Sui-
kowjki, with his Confidence, and they thought it a
happy Omen for their Nation, bleflingtheir Stars,:that die Prince diftingui1hed Virtue in one born a-
mong themfelves.
His Royal Highnefs being convinced that of ailthe Sums laid out by Princes, there are none lefs li-
able to cenfurethan what they expend in Buildings,undertook that of Wermfdorf, which he afterwardscall'd Hubertjbaurg and he finiûYdthat great Work
in a little time, by thç affiftanceof theKing his Fa-
ther For, in fhort, it would have been impoffiblefor his Royal Highnefs to have defrayd ail the Ex-
pence of it himfelf. It wasalready very wonderfulto fee with what Prudence he direfted his Finan-
ces. His Revenue being fettled, his Expence was
fuitable to his Rank he had a numerousHoufhold,lus Hunting-Equipage was fumptuous, yet he did
good to ail that made their Necefîity known to him }his Charities were truly Royal, every body was
paid the Noblemen and the Tradefmen receiv'd
their PenGons and Salaries pundually and his
Accounts were fo regularly kept and difcharged bythe Count Sulkowfki,that the Prince was never in
debt.The Prince commonly fpent the Seafonfor hunt-
ing the Stag at Hubertjbourgyand employ'd the re-
inainder of his time at Drefdettyin ali manner of
Exercifes, being admired in every Action, for the
Grâce, Strength, and Dexterity with which he per-fortn'd it, as well asfor the Sobriety and Regularity
i©4 Prefent State of
m
of hisManners for he kept as regular Hours then,as he doesnow.
AuguftusIJI. never knew what it was to be idlc
or vicious. Such is his Chaftity and Fidelity to his
auguft Spoufe, that he never gave her the leaft Rea-fon fo much as to fufped his Honour. He games
only for amufement, and never plays fo high that
the lofs of the Stake can put thofe out of temperwho have the Honour to be of his Party. But of
ail the Virtues of AuguftusIII. there is none, moft
certainly, which has madehim more the Favouriteof
Heaven, than the inviolable Refpeâ he alwaysma-nifefted for the King his Father, who tenderly lov'd
him and never was a Son, Heir to fo powerful a
Dominion, more affe&ed for the lofs of a Father,than he was when he heard of the death of his.His Affliftion was imprefs'd deeply in his Counte-
nance, when he receiv'd the homage of his capitalCity, at his firft appearance in publick and to this
very day, he is ready to melt in tears at the fightpf any Objeéfcthat calls him to mind for whichreafon the People of Drefden, rather than renew hisSorrow, forbear the mention of a King whom Eu-
rope has plac'd in the Rank of its greateft Men.Prince Frbderic-Augustus, when he became
Eleftor, did not alter his Manners, but retain'd thefame Piety, the fame Regularity. He kept moft
pf the Servants of the lare King his Father, andfettled Penfions on thofe whom he thought fit todifmifs. His firft Care, when he came to the Elec-torate, was tp provide himfelf with Minifters,whofe Candor and Sincerity were above Envy itfeif. For this purpofe, he call'd to his CabinetCouncil, the Count de Gabalem-ÎVackerbartb-SaU
mur, M. de Baudiffix, the Count Suliowjki, andM. de Brubl to the two laft of whom he commit-;çed the Direction of Affairs.
the Court i/Saxony. 105
Pro,
AU Saxonyapplauded this Choice, and doubted
not of being very happy under the Reign of a
Prince, who wascapableof forming fo true aJudg-ment of Perfons for his Miniflers. But what theSaxonsfawwith extraordinary Satisfaction, was thefure Proof the King gave of his Gratitude and E-
fteem for Virtue, in recalling M. de Miltitz, here-
tofore his Governor, who for fome Years paft wasretired to his Eftate. This Gentleman wou'd fainhave been excus'd from retuming to Court, alledg-ing his great Age, and his being a Stranger to B>
finefs when his Majefty fent him word, that he
TequirMno more at his hands than what his Healthwou'd permit that he knew his Probity, his Lovefor his Country, and his Attachment to himfelfthat therefore he was willing he fhou'd be near his
Perfon, and affift him with his Advice, which heknew wou'd be folid, by what he gave him whenhe had the charge of his Education. In this man-ner Frédéric AUGUSTUS,by the difplay of his
Gratitude, an uncommon Virtue (efpeciallyamongPrinces) encourag'd his Courtiers to do what mightalfo give them a Title to it.
Thefe great Qualities procur'd him the Suffragesof the moft iudicious Part of the Republic of Po-îani which chofe him for King. His Majefty ha-
ving fent the Count de Gabaleon-IVackerbartbSaî-
mour, and M. Baudiffinto Warfaw, with the Cha-raâer of Plenipotentiaries, to take care of his In-
terefts, thefe Minifters found the Polijb Lords verymuch divided Foreign Gold, with the Intrigues,Cabals, and enfnaring Promifes of a Minifter whowas lavifli of it ail thefe had corrupted a greatnumber of them, and others were opprefs'd, andmuft undoubtcdly have fubmitted to Violence, if
they had not had a very great fhare of Courage andLove to their Country. God, who never aban-
dons the Virtuous, was their Support and their
io6 Prefent State of
Some
Protector, as well as the Shield of the Plenipoten-tiaries, whofe facredCharacler couldnot guard themfrom all manner of Outrage. And tho' the Bloodof the Jagellons, which flowsin this Prince's Veins,tho' his being the Son of one of the greateft Kingsthat Poland ever had, as well as his own Dignityof a Sovereign, ought to have procured him the
Refpeét of all thePoles, yet everyPerfon and Thingbelonging to him at /Farcira;, wasmaltreated. Such
was, at that time, the unhappy Fate of Poland; Op.preffionand Tyranny havingfucceeded the glorious,mild, and paceful Reign of AuguftusIL
Mean time, thofe generous Noblemen who had
fo bravely ftood up in the defençë of the Libertiesand Honour of their Country, after having tried
ail their Efforts to reclaimtheir wanderingBrethren,found they could not fucceed, and therefore broke
up after which, they met in the very famé Place
where Henry de Palois had been eleéted, and there
they chofe and proclaim'd AucusTOfs Eletîlor of
Saxony, King of Poland. They then fent a Depu-tation to his Majefty, to intreat him to corne im-
mediately, with the Queen his Confort, to take
pofleffion of the Throne. The King comply'dwith their Intreaty,, and fet out from Drefde/tt after
having, retum'd folemn Thanks to God, the fove-
reign Difpofer of Crowns, and of the Fortune of
Xings. ¡,In a few days the Queen followed the King,
and overtook him at Tar/tovitz, where their Maje-
ilies received the grand Peputation from Poland',and after giving them Audience, procecdedin their
Journey towards Cracow. There the King made
his Royal Èntry on the 14a of January 1734, and
on the i7th of that Month, their Majefties were
confecratéd and crownçd by Upfty the Bifhop of
.that See.
the Court «/Saxony. 107
vation
Some time after this auguft Ceremony, which,in Poland, is abfolutely necetfaryand eflential for a
Kiiig Elect, the Queenreturn'd to Saxotty-,but the
Kirg ilaid at Cracow, where he held a Diet, inwhich he made feveral Regulations for reftoring the
Tranquillity of the Kingdom. When the Diet was
ended, his Majefty march'd towards Dantzic,which the Ruffians, his Allies, had invefted, inordtx to drive out the Primate and his Adherents,who were retir'd thither.
But after a March of feveral Days, which the
Severityof the Weather render'd very painful, his
Majefty yielded to the Inftances that were made tohim from Saxony, to aflift in Perfon at the openingof the Affemblv of States which he was under a
neceflity of calling and he returned to Drefden,where his Arrivai caus'd an inexpreflîble Joy.Mean time the Army, under the Command of thePrince of Saxe-Weijjenfelscontinued its March to-wards Dantzic.
The King was accompanied by a great numberof PolijhNoblemen, who finding themfelvesunableto oppofe the Rage of the Primate's Party in their
feveral Countries, came to feek lhelter in Saxony,wherehis Majefty receiv'd them, and ftill entertains
them, in a manner which cannot but convince them
of his Gratitude, and give them greater Hopes of
what Favours they may expeâ:, when the Tran-
quillity of Poland is reftor'd.The King, after his Return from Cracow, fum-
mon'd the States of his Eleorate, and open'd the
AfTemblywith the ufual Ceremonies. Hewas feat-
ed on his Throne, accompanied by the chief Lords
of his Court, as well the Polijh as Saxons. M. de
MiîtitZy his Privy Counfellor, fat on the Right-hand of the Throne and, in the King's Name,made a Speechto the States, wherein he declared to
them that his Majefty intended to make no Inno-
io8 Prefent State of
any
vation in the Affairs of Religion, but to let hisProteftant Subjeâs enjoy their Privileges, as theyhad been granted and confirm'd to them by the late
King. Then they told him the Motives which had
cngag*dthe King to call them together, anddeman-ded the neceffarySubfidies for defraying the extra-
ordinary Expences which his Majefty had been ne-
ceffarily involved in thro' the Calamities of the
Time. M. de HeJUr, Adminiftrator of the Officeof hereditary Marlhal of Saxotiy, return'd an An-
fwer in the Name of the States, and fpoke with a
Dignity, and ail the Decorum due to fo auguft an
Affembly, He aflur*d the King of therefpecVul
and inviolable Fidelity and Attachment of his Sub-
jeâs to his facred Perfon. And in truth, 'tis im.
poflible for a People to be better affetted to their
Sovereign, and moredifpofed to çontribute to everything that is capable of augmenting his Glory.
The King's voluntary Declaration to his States
that he wouldmake no Innovation in the Affairs of
Religion, won the Hearts of his SubjecTsto fuch a
degree, that there is not a Saxonwho would tnake
any fcruple to facri6ce his Lifç and Fortune for hisService. And the faid Declaration does equal Ho-
nour to the Juftice of the Monarch, and the Wif-dom of his Minifters.
While the King was employd with his States in
fecuring the Happinefs and Tranquility of Saxony,his Majefty received Advice, that his Army, after
having join'd the Rtffianst had obliged the Dant-zickers to furrender, and that the PoU/bLords ofthe contrary Party petition'd for leave to remove tofomc Place where they might pay him their ho.
mage. The King, in imitation of thegreat Empc-ror whofe Name he bears, after havmg made a
Conqueft, thought, like him,ofnothing more thanto make thofe happy whomthe Fortune of Warhad
fubmittcd to his Arms. His Majefty did not take
tbeCourto/8axony. 109
There,4
any advantage of his Vi&ory, but forgetting paftOffences, repaird to the Abbey of Oliva, near
Dantzic, where he receiv'd the Submilfion of the
Dantzickers, and the Allegiance of the Lords thatwere the Primate's Adherents. By his Modeftyand Gôodnefs, he charm'd the Vanquifhed, andconvinc'd them of their Obligation to pay him that
Efteem which before perhaps they did not thinkwas their Duty to grant to him. The Greatnefsof his Soul, which inclines him to fympathizewith the Misfortunes of the Unhappy, hinder*dhim from entering Dantzic, the defolate State ofthat City being fo afflifting a Scene to him, that hecou'd not bear to fee it. The Daxtzicktrj, by their
fubmiflion, were become his Subjefts their pre-fent Misfortunes, and their paft Miftakes, affeétedhim to fuch a degree, that he was fearful of beingput in mind of them, and refus'd to appear a-
mong them, crown'd with thofe Laureis which hehad reap'd by their defeat. So much Modefty,worthy of the moft glorious Triumph, gain'd himthe Prayers of the People, in which his Majeftyfaw more Charms, than he wou'd have foundin Trophies, and the moft ftately TriumphalArches.
The King having provided for the preflîng Ne-cefficiesof his Kingdom, return'd to his Elefto-
rate, where the States continued their Délibéra-tions ever fince his Abfence. Now that his Ma-
jefty is return'd, the Care of the State is almoft his
confiant Employment.His Récréations are either
taking theAir on horfeback, Hunting, the Italian
Opera, or elfegoing to Concerts, which the Q2cenrwho is a great Lover of Mufic, caufes to be per-form'd in her own Apartment. Their Majefties
generally dine together, and admit the Nobility ofboth Sexesto their Table.
tiô Prefent State of
betwixe
5
There, the King obferves that Temperancewhicbfo much becomesfovereign Princes. AHhisHours,ashas been already obfeiVd, are regulated and ailhis Actionsaccompanied with Devotion, good Or-
der, and Equity. Never did King better difchargethat facred Charafter i being alwaysfirm and tran-
quil, Danger cou'd never afiright him. He accep-ted the Crown, tho*he &whe cou'd never fix it onhis Head without infinitePains, Peril, and Cares.The Advantage he had gain'd over his Enemiesdid not feem m have fluih'd him he was forry hehad not been able to reclaim them by gentle Me-
thods, and afcribes the happy Succefsof his Arms
folely to Providence.Thus have 1 given you a very imperfeci:Account
of the Virtues and Actions of a King, which plain-ly denote that the pcrfeft honeft Man (a Title not
unworthy even of the facred Majefty of Kings)forms his Character. As for his Stature, 'tis fuch
as, one wou'd think, thofe ought to have who areborn to command. He has a robuft and vigorousConftitution, a found Judgment, a happy Memo-
ry, a generous and beneficent Soul, the neceffaryConftituents of the Hero and the Chriftian. HisConduft is regulated by a great Attachment to the
Principles of Religion. His Aim and his Appli-cation are to render his Subje&s happy and he
only longs for Peace that they may tafte the Fruitsof it.
As to her Majestt the QUEEN, the Name ofthat auguft Princefs, whom Heaven has endowedwith all mannerof Virtues, to be the worthy Wifeof a King, is Maria JOSEPHA,who was bornthe 8th (xDtcember 1699. and is the eldeit Daugh-ter of Jffefè Emperor of the Romans, and of Wil~belmna-Âmlia of Brunfwic-Lunenbourg-Hanover.Her Marriage to the King, then the Prince Royal,was celebrated AtVicnna, the zoth of Augu.fi17 19,
tbe Court of S A X O N Y. I i I
Thc
bctwixt 8 and 9 a Clock at Night, in the Chapelof the Palace of the Favorita, by the Pope's Nun-
cio, who next day perform'd the folemn Mafs.
In a few days after, this Princefs fet out with her
Hufband for Saxony. It has already been ob-
ferved with what Pomp fhe was received by the
King her Father-in-law and the Veneration paidher by the Subjefts, was equal to the Magnificenceof her Reception by the King. The Returns thatthe Princefs made on her part, manifefted a Good-nefswhich nothing cou'd reGft fo that flie had the
Homage and the Hearts both of the Courtiers andthe common People. Being the Daughter of a Prin-
cefs, whom the World refpedts even more for herVirtues than for the Splendour of that extraordinaryGrandeur with which fhe is inviron'd, her RoyalHighnefs's foieConcern was to walk in the Steps of
that auguftMother, the Pattern of Princeffes, andthe Honour of Religion. She conceiv'd a Refpeétfor the King her Father-in.law, and the Queen her
Mother-in-law, from which fhe never departedand now that fhe is a Sovereign, lhe has no otherCares than to render a Nation happy which is wor-
thy of being fo for its Affection and Fidelity to itsEleftors. She is inviolably attach'd to her Duties,full of Tendernefs and Refpeél for her Hufband,and always wifely employ'd in what may procurehim fblid Comfort. Shecontinually giveshim Ex-
amples of Piety and Charity fhe is beneficent toall that make their Neceffitiesknown to her, and
feemsto think every unfortunate SubjecT:merits her
Protection. The Care fhe takes of her Children
is not only the Care of a tender Mother, but of a
Queen, who, in love to the State, is defirous to
form their Minds, fo as to render them worthy of
being its Sovereigns, and to procure them the ad-
vantage of being more refpecîed, if poffible, for
their Virtues than their Birth.
H2 Prefent Stàtê of
As
The Queen, who went with the King to Cracowîand there reccivMthe Crown, return'd after her Co^ronation to Saxony, where flie is belov*dand reve-renc'd by People of ail Ranks. This auguft Prin-cefs feems to have an Air of Gravity, as have allthe Princes of the moft ferene Houfe of Aujtriabut as flie is ferious, fo fhe is difcreet, modeft, and
good-narur'd. She was educated, as are all the
Archdutchefles, in the knowledge of Things ufefulfor thofe who are born to govern States the lpeaksfevcral Languages veryreadily, and particularly the
Latin, in fuchamanner as both charmsand furprizesthe Pôles. SheisMiftrefs of Hiftory and Geography,and bas a folid Taiteof Mufick, Painting, and alithe Sciencesin gênerai Yet never did Queen takele/s Pride in her Talents for, by kindly coude*
fcending to accommodate her felf to the Capacitiesof thofe with whom fhe converles, the concealsall
herSuperiority. Her high Rank ferves onlyto renderher affable ihe is the other of the People, and
particularly of the Poor. And to fum up theCha-raâer of this great Princefs, it may be faid in fhort,that fhe isa virtuous Wife, a faithful Companion, atender Mother, and a corapaJHonatcSovereign.
His Royal Highnefs the Princz ROYALand E-LECTORAL wasbornat Drefde*,the 5Û1of September
1 722,and baptized in the Rome»Catholick Church,
by the Name of Frederic-Cbriftia* He is hand-
fome, and bas a Countenance full of Good-nature,and indeed his Goodnefs charms all that pay theircourt to him. His Knowledge and Learning are
beyond one of his tender Years he talks lèverai
Languages juftly, and with eafe; andhis ftrong In-clination to follow the wife Counfclsof his Gover-
nor, the Count Gabalem-Wackerbarth-Salwmur%isa fure Prefage that when he cornes to the Age of
Maturity, he will walk in the glorious Steps of the
King his Father.
the Court ^/Saxony. 113
Vol. l t The
As to their Royal Highneflès the other Princes,
the eldeft of them, Prince Augustus-Albert-Christian-Xavier was born rhe 25th of Au-
gujt 1730. He is handfome, full of Life and Spi.rit, and already difcovers a gfeat Inclinationto cve-
ry thing mi'itary. He is infinitely botter pleafed tofee the Officers of his Regiment about him thaï!the Women his Attendants. The Noifeof Drumsand Trumpets is the moft agreeableMufic to him,and according to all appearance, 'tis what he will
always prefer to the Flûte. When he went withtheir Majefties to Cracow, and heard talk of the
Ravages committed by the Palatine of K>owthe
faid, he had a mindto go and fight him,and curoff
his Head. In fine, all the Actions of this youngPrince give hopes that he will add one to the
Number of Hcroes defcendedfrom the auguftBloodof Saxony.
Charles-Christian- Joseph came into the
World July 13. 1733, fo that his Royal Highnefsis too young as yet for any Charaâer in Hiftoryand I (hall proceed next to their Royal Highnefiesthe Princefles.
HerRoyalHighnefs MARY-AMELIA,theirMa-^
jefties èldeft Daughter, was born at Drefdent the
24A of September1724. She is fair, very well
ihap'd, and has the Air of her Mother. Her Fea-turesare regular, and'tis heartily to be wilh'd thatthe Small-fox may fpare them. The Care the
Queen takes of her Education is fo well beftow'don her, that fhe is much better form'd titan Prin.ceffesof her Age generally are.
Mary- Anne-Sophia was born the 24Aof Au-
guji 1728. She is brown, and likely to be much ad.
mir'd for her Beauty.Thereis fomethingin her Phy-
Oognomyfo fubtle and witty, that fhc has alreadyfccur*dthe Suffragesof the Courtier*.
ii4 Prefent State of
u
The Princefs Mary Josepha was born the 4thof November 1731. Heaven has been pleas'd to
grant her a ihare of Beauty with ail the Princesand Princeffes her Brothers and Sifters.
Lihould make fome mention of all the Prihcesand PRINCESSESof the BLOOD,viz. ail the moftferene Diikes, Princesand Princeffes of the Familyof Saxo/ty,particularly thofe who are deriv'd fromthe AlbcrtineBranch, as defcending with the Kingfrom the Eledor Jobn-GeorgeI. who formd thefour Branches, viz. the Electoral Branch, and thofe
oîWeifftnfehy Mersbwrg^ and Zeits. But as thisis only an Epitome oîAugufius IIl's Court, 1 fhall
only take notice of thofe Princes who refide thereviz. JOHN-ADOLPHUSDuke of Saxe-Weissen-
fels, and the Princefs Christiha of Saxe-Weissekfels.
The Duke, who was born September4, t685,is of a good Stature. His Air, Behaviour, and
way of thinking, denote his Birth and neverwas Prince more worthy of being fo. He is be-
neficent, generous and ail the Qualities which at-traâ Love and Efteem are unitea in his Perfon.After having fpent his early Daysin the Service of
Hejfe-Cajêlyhe enter'd into that of the late King;and in the fevcral Campatgns whichhemadein Ger-
manj, Itah, Flanders, and Peland, he alwaysfig-naliz'd his Valour and particularly not long ago,when he lupported the Réputation of the King'sArms before Dantzic in a confpicuous manner.His Goodnefs, his Modefty, and hisCare to diflin-
guifh true Merit, gain him the Love and Venera.tionboth of the Officers andSoldiers. This Prince is
actuallya Licut^nant-General in the Emperor's Ar-iiiy, Genera.1of theSaxonHorfe and Foot, Colonelof thé Life-Guards, ac,d of a Regiment of Foot,and Knight of the Order of theWintt-EagU. He
tbe Court ofS axonï. 115
12 ry
is the Widower of Caroline Princds of Saxe-Eyfe-macbyand profeffesthe Lutberan Religion.
The Princefs Christina of Saxe-Weissen-
rïLs, who was born the 2/ih of Juîy 1690, ad-
heres to the RomanCatholic Do&rine, Prince Al-
bert her Fâcher being a Convert to that Commu-
nion. She is of a good Stature, has a grand Ma-
jettic Air, and herBchaviour isgracefuJand polite.Her moft ferene Highnefs
receives ail that draw
near to her with Relpedt and Kindnefs, and de-
montrâtes her high Birth only by difcharging the
Obligations ofit. She is fo firmly attach'd to the
Queen by the Bands of Love and Virtue that fhe
is carefs'd and diftinguilh'd by her and all the
Court honours and refpeétsher more out of Inclina-
tion than Duty.You will not perhaps be forry to kno# the
Names, iàc. of the late King*slegitimated Natural
Iffue, who are rank'd immediately after the Princes
of the Blood. They are four Sonsand three Daugh-
ters, of whom 1 fliall now give you an Account,and who were their Mothers.
i. Count Maurice ofSaxtmyistheeldeftof the late
King's Natural Children, by Axrora Countefs of
Karimi/mark,the moft worthy of her Se* in Europeto be the Miftrefs of a great King and of ail the
King's FavouriteLadies, fliekeptlongeft in hisFa-
vour, fo that after her Retirement Ihe acqiittedherfelf fo well that fhe continued in the poflcifîoh of
his Majefty's Efteem and Regard. She is itill liv-
ing. and after having been a Priorcfs ofthe Imperialjjttbtrs* Abbey of^Htàlinbourg Jhe rofe to be the
Abbefs. The Count is a Lieutenant-General, and
Colonel of a Regiment of Foot in France.
2.Tne oext is the CountRotofsktovRutowskiJLÀca*
tenant-Gencral,and Colonelof the Crown-Guards,who oweshis Birth to the King's tender PaŒon for
Felima iîur&Jb Lady who was taken Prifoner ve-
116 Prefent State of
Prince
ry young, ana fell to the fhare of M. Scboning, aLitutenant-General in the Serviceof the Eleclor of
Brandentcurg, who carried her to Berlin, and had
her baptiz'd wichout a'tering her Name, tho' fheafterwards went by that of Madamede Spiegel.Ma-
damoifel'e de Fkmviing, known by the Name of
Brebentau, having married the Palatine of that
Name, took a fancy to her, obtain'd her of M.de
SchcnÎHg,and carried her with her into Poland,where irom a Slavefhe became the King's Miftrefs,tho' Madame Brebentaudid not perceive it till Fati-ma's Waift betray'd her. She had as much Wit as
Beauty, and every body faid fhe deterv'd her For-tune. Neverthelefs, fhe did not enjoy it long forMadame de Lubsmirski^who was Wife to the GreatChamberlain of the Crown, fiole away the King'sHcart from her. The CountRut owskiisa Major-Gencral of the King's Forces, Colonel of the Life-
Guards,iuid of a Regiment of Foot, and Knightofthe Order of the tVbitc-Eagle. This Nobleman
very much rekmbles the late King his Father, ha-
ving his Strength, Dexterity, Valour and Polite-
nefs. Hïï had his Education in France and from
riience wcnt into the Serviceof ViQorAmadeusthelate King of Sardi8ia. Then he enter'd for a littlewhile into the Service of the King of PruJJîa, andat length fix'd himfelf in that of àaxemy,when he
fignaliz'd his Valour at the Siege of Danizic, andafterwards made the Campaign as a Voluntier in the
Imperial Armyon the Reine. As for his Religion,he prof euesthc Rema* Catholic.
3. The third of the late King's Natural Sons h
GeorgePrince deTefcbe»,otherwife call'd the Cte-valier deSaxony, whom he had by Madame deLu-lomirski abovementioned, who wasNicceto the fa-mous Cardinal Raàjouski ArchbUhop of Gue/na,and Primate of Poland. After this Lady had in-
duiu'd the King's Pafïïon fhe got a Divorce from
the Court u/Saxony, 117
Prince Lubominki, and took the Tide of the Prin-
ccfs deTefcbettywhich was granted to her by the
Emp^ror. This Son of her's was broughr up in theRoman Catholic Religion. He is a Colonel in
ths King's Service, and Knight of the Order ofthe White-Eagle. Hc is a well-fct Min, has anoble Air, and fupports his Title by a greatihare of Valour and good Soife. He is perfectMafter of military Architecture, aad has great Ta-lents for War, which he cultivâtes to fuch a degreethat his very Amufements are the Study of what a
great Captain ought to know. This Defire of his
to be qualify*dfomeday or other for the Commandof an Army engag'd him, at his return from the
Siege of Dantzût to repair to the Army of Prince
Eugèneof Savoy to improve himfelf in the Art ofWar under that Great Mafter.
4. The fourth and youngeft of the Natural Sonsof the late King of Poland is the Count de Cofel,Knight of the Order of the While-Eagle, whofeMother was the Countefs de Cofel; which Lady is
alfo Mother to the Counteffes of Friejland and
Mofcbiniki~ The Count is a tall handfome Youth,modett and relèrvM, and more prudent than mightbe expeâcd from his Years. This Nobleman,who does not difparage his Birth, is now makingthe Campaign upon the Rbine in the ImperialArmy. He isof the Lutberan Communion.
Madame deCofelis of the Family of Brucbftorf,and a Native of Holftein. She was Maid of Ho-nour to the Dutchefs of Wolfembuttlt,when theCount de Hcym Minifter of State to the King ofPolandmarriedher The Count foonafter the Mar-
riage carried hcr to Dre/den,where the King fell in
1 3 love
Shediedat Drtfin (bonafterthiswu wriuen.f CounthbJcbimiU,the HulbandofthisLady. wasGreat
Treaforer«f tbe Courtifi Ptlmd,ud i»GreatFaulconeriaSmxiq.
118 Prefent State oflove with her, and no fooner made it known tp
her but gain'd her compliance. M. de Hoym en-
rag'd at this, demanded a Divorce from her, which
his Wife readily came into; fo that the Confiftoryof Drefden declared their Marriage nul! and void.
M. de Keym married again, and Madame took the
Tit!e of the Countefs de Cofel but this Lady ac
once loft the King's Favour and lier Liberty into
the bargain, and is kept clofe prifoner in a Caftle,
where ihe has nothing to do but to indulge her me-
lancholy Rcfle&iona upon the Revplutions of her
Fortune
TheNATURAL DAucHTERsof the late Kingare, i. The Countefs of Bilinski, (Sifter of theCount Rutcwski) who was born in Poland as well as
-her Brother, and educated in the Roman Catholic
Religion. Augufius Il. gave her in Marriage tothe
Count Bilinski. The Counrefs's fréquent Ailments
ebliged her to goto Paris for her Health j fo that
not being of this Court, 'rwill not be expeâed I
ihould giveher Charaéter.
2. The
Madame dfC~J may r}-¥lk no body bat berrelf for hcrDi!"gracei -for w6enihe wasin Ko/ai Kceping, fhe had the ai-furance to thffaten the King more thaa once that if ever heabandonVlher fhe woo'dpiiicl him. The £iog, who knew herto be a Womantliat alwayskept her word, thought it his beft
May to be beforehandwith her, tho*it was not till fome timeafrer that he caus'd her to be arreikd. Madameit Cejel, whowas retir'd to Berlin, did not diiTejnb'eher Chagrin and 't:staid fhe drdar'd in pub!ick that the King fiiould pay dearfur being fo kl le to her Threats which HisMajefly wc^i'd
perhaps bave defph'd, if Madame deCtfcl had not refufedto
give him back Promife which he had made to her ofmar-
rying her in cafe the Queen flwo'd die. Aiean-dme the Kingdefir'd of the King of PruJJSato eiveorder» for arrefting her,which wasdoncaccordingly; and Madamede Cifil wa»carritdunder a Guard toSaxmn, where ihe remain'd a Prifoner till thedeath cf the King. But we have been toJd by tbe puWickNew»Papers thal (heebtain'd her Liberty is 1734,
the Court o/S AX0 NY. 119
14 ^8»
2. The Countefs ofOrfelska, who was born at
Warfawtof one Renard FrencbWoman, and bred
'up in the RomanCatholic Faith: She is of'agoodStature, and-very charming. Of all the late King's
Jegitimated Children his Majefty feem'd to be fond-
eft of this. She was at firft very much negletted,and it did not appearthat the King ever intended to
own her. But Count Rotofskifeeing her at PFar-
faw in a Plight too mean for her Birth took the
freedomto mention her tothe Kingher Father, and
told him that the merited fome Kindnefs from him.The King thereupôn defir'd to fee her, and lhe
came into his Prefence in the Amazonian Habit,whichwasher favourite Drefs. The King thoughtIhe rcfembled him very much, and not being able
to refift the tender Impreffions of Nature he em-
brac'd her, and call'd her his Daughter. At the
fame time he order'd the whole Court to acknow-
Jedge her in that Quality, gave her a magnificentPalace, with Diamondswithoutnumber, and fettled
great Penfions on her. 'Tis certain, in fhort, that
never wasDaughter more like her Father; (hehad
the famé Features, Temper and Genius. It was
impoffiblefor her to be handfomer with a more
grand Air. She is fond of Magnificence, Expence,and Pleafures. One of her Diverfions is to drefs in
MensApparel. It was in this Habit that 1 faw her
the firft time, when fhe wason horfeback, in a pur-
pie Habit embroider'd with Silver, and wore the
blue Ribband of Poland. Being all alone, 1 couldnot learn who mewas, but really took her to be fome
young Foreign Noblemanwhom1 had not yet feen.
I never bcheld any body fit better than fhe did on
horfeback, or have a more amiable-Air infomuch,
that manyLadies would have been glad of a Lover
fo handfome. The fame evening 1 faw her at the
Ball, where ihe was ftill drefrd like a Man, onlyher Habit was more rich than it was in the morn-
120 Prefent State ofing, and her di/hevelPd Locks of Hairhung dowrtin fine Curls about her Shoulders; fo that Cupidhimfelf was not more tempting when he appear'dbefore Pfyche. Her good Mien, and rhe gracdulAir with which 1 faw her dance a Minuet, made
me inquire who this pretty Youth was? Count
Rotoftki, who overheard me, made anfwer, Ibc
young Man wbomyou admire wotfd doy eunegreatbar mif you"itèrea IVcman,but ntaypcffiblyburt you
as the Café Jtpnds; but comealongs~citbme, conti-
nued he, taking me by the Hand, will make
bimkno'jsntoyou, then lecveyouto corneoffwitb bim
as wdl a<you can. I guefsd by thefe Word» that
the Perfon he was going to ulher me to was the
Countefs Orfelska; and 1was con6rmed in mySuf-
picion when 1 heard Count Rotofski fay to her,
S/fter, bere is a Gentlemanwbobas ail dueRefpeSs
for you,and who, VUengagewill be readyto fer veyouin wfiateveryouJball require of bim. Madamoi-
felle Orfelskafmilingat tins Difcourfe, I falutedher
with all theRefpeéfcwhichIow'd to her Rank-,and
flie receiv'd me in the moft obliging manner pof-
Jible. 1 faw her next day ifl Womens Apparel,and thought her ilill more amiable, J vifit her eve-
ry day, andnow whenever I gb.tp her I ixencrallyfind with her Cbarks Lewisr a younger Prince of
the Family of HoJjlcin#eckywho 'tis faid is the
happy Man for whom ihe is defign'd in Mar-
riage3. The Counrefs Mofcbinski^Daughter of the
CountefsoîCofel, was bornat Drefden,and match'd
by the late King to the Count deMofcbtnski, a Po
VfhNoblenian. Her fober and courteousDeport-ment,
ThisKfarriagewuaâwlIjrconfuinmatcdixDrtfien. ButfincetheKing'sdeath,thePrinceoiHolfinmhw abandon'dhisWife,whomhe onl1lnarriedwitha viewof o,btainingfomeconfideratleEmployaientfroùitheKing. ThepreTentEJeéterhu eas'dher ofmoûof tli«t\Y»lthwhichtheLueKinghad
icap'd onàer.
the Courtof S axoh y. 1 21
executea
ment, and the Goodnefsof herTemper, have pro-curedher both Love and Reverence.
Having now treated of thePrinces of the RoyalFamily, 1 proceed to give you an account of thechief Noblemenof the Court; and in the firft place,of the Ministres of the Cabinet. – Thtiè
are, \.Waldtmar Baron de LavevdahlGrand Marg-
inal, Knight of the SaxonOrder of the iVhite-lia-
gle, and pf the Danijb Order of the Elrpbant, who
by his Poft of Grand Marflial holds the firft Rank
at the Court of Saxony,becaufethe E'eclor is ArchGrand-Marlhal of the Empire. He is a Bane hybirth, and isdefcendedfrom a Count of GuldenlvuM,,a natural Son of theBlood-Royal ofDenmark. He
fpent his youthful Pays in the Service ofthe Sta/es*
General, andwasrnadea Captain in the BlueGuards;$whichhe afterwardsquitted, andwent into the Ser-vice of the Emperor Leopold, and diftinguifh'dhimfelf in qualityof a Liaitenant-Colonel in 1683,at the raifing of the Siege of ~tfM<! after whichhe return'd to Denmark, where he ferv'd with Ho-nour. But leaving that Courr upon fome Difguft,he cameinto Saxony,vfhzKduguftusll. declaredhimPrefident of the Chamber, which Office he heldwhen the King of Denmark recalld him home. îtwas with the Approbation ofhis Mafter the KingofPeland that he return'd to Copenhagen,where his
Dant/b Majeftygave him the Commandofhis Armyin Norwayagainft the Swedes which Commiffionhe
difchargedwithfomuch Honour, tbat he was digni-fy'd withthe Order oftheEkpbant, ashe hadalreadybeen bythat of Dannebroc.He might, hndhe pleafed,have enjoy*dthe greateft Offices in Denmark; buthe had promifed^«^ij/?«j II. notto forfake him, f;>that hercfus'dail the Advantages whichFrédéricIV.ofFcr*dhim, and return'd into Saxony. After thedeath of the Count de Pblttg, the late King ap-
pointed him Grand Marthal, which Office he ftill
122 Prefent State of
bue
exécuteswirh Honour. Tho' he is nowadvancedin years he has a found Conititution, and the Air,Beh&viour, and Way ofThinking of a Manof his
Quality. Being affable and polite, he does the Ho-nours of theCourt ina Gentleman-like manner, forwhich the Courtiers révérence him, and the Kingprofefles an efteem for him. His Majefty is theïixth King whom this Minifterhas ferv'd. He hasmarried to his focond Wife a Lady of the Familyof Raiitzau, in the Countryof Holfiein^whobears;i valuable Character, and is as polite is can be de-
fired, fpeaking Frencb as well.as if fh: was born at
Verfailks. The Grand Marfhal has two Sons byhis firft Marriage witha'Lady of Revendait: his
youngcft, viz. IVoldemarBaron de Lowenâabl is
Major-General ofthe King's Armies, Infpeftor Ge-
neral of the SaxonInfantry, andColonel of a Régi-ment of Foot. He was fourteen years old whenthe Grand Marfhal fent him to Dttrtxark where hcmadea Campaign at Sea underAdmirai Tordenfcbild.At his return to Drefdenhe carried a Mulket. andafrerwards pafs'd throughall the fubaltern Degrees,When hewasbut a Lieutenant he accompany*dGe-
.neral Seckenàerfto Vienna,where theMarital Count
GuidadeStaremberggave hima Company inhis Re-
giment, and he diftinguifli'd himfelf in a particularmanner at the Sieges of femijwaer and Belgrade,and in Sicily. Since that, he enter'd into the Ser-vice of Auguftus II. who gave him a Regiment.Afterwards he made two Campaignsas a Voluntierwith the Imperialifts in Corfica\ and upon all
occafionsmanifefted that Valour, Skill, and Pru-
dence, as he did lately in the Defenceof Cracow
where, with a weak andfickly Garrifon, he not onlymade a vigorous ftand againft the Attacks of the
Primate's Poîijh Adherents, but alfo obliged themto retire. This Generalis fo fond of fîgnalizirighis
Bravery, that he wasfeareçrcturn'd from PoTand^
the Court «/Saxonv. 123
waji
but he went to make the Campaign as a Voluntjer,with the Imperial Army on the Rbine. He lives
magnificently, keeps a good Table, and is very ci-
vil to Foreigners.2. AnthonyCQxmtàtLutzelbourg,whois by birth
a Lorrainer, and an exemplary Profefforof the Ro-
ptan Catholic Religion, isLieutenant-Genera! oftheForces, Knight of the Order of the White Eogle,and General of the Horfe. He is pretty tall, and
has.a chearfut Countenancc, with a noble caly Be-
haviour, which fhews the Man of Quality. HisMerit procured him the Honour of beingthe King'sGovernoyr after the Deceafeof the Count de Coft^which Poft he held 'till his Majefty came of age,when he was appointed Steward of his Houfhold,and was as much efteem'd by their Royal High-neflfesas he is valued by thç Courtiers, and belov'd
by the Domeftics of the Prince who are under hiscommand: but his frequeat Ailments oblig'd himto quit that Office Neverthelefs he was laft year at
yitnna^ where he receiv'd for the King his Mafter,the Inveftiture of the Feudatory States of the Em-
pire, and concludedtheTreaty of Alliance ftill fub.
liftingbetween the two Courts.
3. Henry-FredericCount of Friefland, is GreatChamberlain, Generalof the Infantry, Lieutenant-General of theKing's Forces, and Knight of theOrder of the-yYbite-Eagle. ;He is defcendedfrom
+ Family which has for a long time been of illuttrious Rank in Saxony. Ht fpent part of his Youth.in the Service of Peter theGreat, Czar oïMufcovy,
andfignaliz*dhis Valeur very much at the Battle of
ftdtma where Charles3ÇII.King of Swedenin a:fewHours loftall the: fruit of nioe years Toil, andof an infinite numberof Viftorics. Soonafter thisgreat Battle he Ihew'd his Wifdom to be cqualto
JnïBravcryatthe Battle oiPrutb\ which thoughdid not turnout fo much to thé Czar's Honour,
124 Prefent State of
nity,
wasaltogctherasfortunatetohim, fincc itextricatedthat Prince out of théworft fcrape that perhaps ever
King was reducedto. Heenter'd afterwards into theService of the late King who being fenfible of hisMerit, raifed him to the greateft Digni j-s of his
Court, and married him to oneof the Daughtersthat he had by the Countefs of Cofel. Tac Great
Chamberlain, whohas the Looks and È^haviour of
a Man of Quality, thinks and afts too like a No.bleman. Few Perfons furpafs him in Politenefsand
Learning: He isperfeâ:Maftcrof feveralLanguages,and of every thing that forms the Minifter and theGeneral. He loves Literature and the Arts, andwasalways their Supporter. He lives handfomely,and has fucha Prefence as commands the Venerati.on of all that have to do with him.
4- Jcfepb Count de Gabakon-Wackerbartb Sal-
imury the adopted Son of the Velt-Marfhal Au-
gufiiis Cbriftepber Count de Wackerbarth who fuc.
ceeded Marinai de Flemmingin the chief command
of the Troops in Saxony, and was not only Mar-
ihal, but a Minifter of State, Grand Mafter of the
Artillery, Governour of Drefdeti, and Knight of
the Order of the Wbite-Etgle. The Father was
born of a good Family in Mtcklembourg but from
his very youth heattach'd himfelf to the Eleâor of
Saxoity and by his own Merit, and the Friendihipof his PredecefforCount Flmming, he was raifedto
the chief Pofts in the Army and the Court. In1709 he had the Command of the SaxonTroopsbefore Twrtiay, as he had in 171 sbehreStrablfund,
when'twasbefieg'd by the Kings ofDenmari and
Pruffia, and defended by CharlesXII. King of Swt~
dm. M. de Waelter/Jarlbwas made Count of the
Empire by the King his Mafter, while that Princewas Vicar of the Empire, after the death of the
Emperor Jofepb. After ing grac'd with this Dig-
the Court ^/Saxony. 125
aboundcd
nity, the Count de Wackerbartb was employ'd in
fundryimportant Négociations,efpeciallyztVienna-,where he married a P/«/»w»/ç/«Lady,the Dowagerof Charles Margrave of Brandenbourg,Brother to
FrédéricI. King of Pruffia, who when he wasbut
very young at the Univerfity of Turin,,married her
by the Lerc-hand, as you know is the Falhion a-
mong our Princes when they marry below them-felves. However the Lady went by the Name of
Madame de Brandenbourgto the very day that theCount de Wackerbartb married her, being fo proudof the Title that fliewas refolv'd never to part withit 'till (he was married again Notwithftanding the
advantageous Offers made to her from the King of
PruJJiato engage her to renounce it, her refùfal ofwhichwasthe more generousbecaufeit wasat a timetoo when fhe was in narrowCircumftances; yet herconfiant Anfwer was, that nothing in the Univerfe
fhould tempt her to debafeherfelf and that Ihe hadrather bepoor, andpafs for the Wife of theMargraveof Brandenbourg,than be rich, and pafs for hisMif-trefs. Beforeihe became Madame deBrandenbourgIhe was die Widow of a certain Count de Salmour,
by whom Ihe had a Son whom fhe engaged theCount de Wackerbartbywben lhe married him, to
adope for his own. I confefiI never fawthis Lady ¡for at the time of my former Voyage hither Ihewas at Yicn~ra and now fhe is dead. They talkof her ftill as one of the acuteft Women of hertime. But to return to the Marfhal he is very ci-
vil, lives withgreat Splendor, and his Houfe is o<
pen to ail Foreigncrs. He is mightyintimatewitlithe Count de Flemming,Prime Minifter and Favou-rite of the King fo that they fully contradidledthe
VTOvtxbiTbatFireand Watercan't agrée for Count
Fltmrningwas livelyalmoft to the Degree of a Fury,whereasthe Count de Wackerbartbyon the contrary,
i 26 Prefent State ofabounds with Phlegm We go back now to his
adopted Sonjofepb above-mention'd, a PieJmante/e,at prefent one of the Minifters of the Cabinet +.
He is alfo Knight of the Order of the Wbite-
Eagle, and Governour of his Royal Highnefsthe Prince Royal and Ele&oral. He bears theName and Arms of Wackerbartb, by reafon ofhis being adopted as above by the Velt-Mar1halhis Father-in-law upon whofe death, he fuc-ceeded to his Eftate. He took to arms betimes but
having reeeiv'd a Wound in the Foot, which hefeels to this day, he was oblig'd toquit Profeflîonin which he diftinguifh'd himfelf, and applv'dafterwards to Affairs of State. The late King lenthim to the Courts ofBavariaand Vienna^where he
fupported the Prérogatives of his Charafter wirh
Dignity, and gain'd the extraordinary Efteem oftheir Imperial Majetties and the Minifters. Auguf-tus II. recalld him from Vietina, and fent him to
Rome, to the new Pope ClémentXII. The Romans,thofeMailers in the Art of Politics, were foon con-
vinced that this Miniller knewmore than they couldteach him: They admiredthcPrudenceand Refolu-tion with which he behav*d when the Sbirri pre-fum'd to invade the Franchife of his Quarter and
ail own'd that the moft experienced Minifter could
not have better fupportedthe Honour of his Mafter.
At his-Returnfrom Rom, the late King, to the Sa-
tisfaction of all.Men, appointed him Governour to
Prince Fredrrict the prcfencPrince Royal and Elec-
toral the Count having all the neccflâry Qualifica--tions to fill that Poft with Honour: For bêfidesa
good
Ht diedin Augtr/l,I7î4ï andwasf«cceed«din bisEm-
efaymentsbythePrinceof Saxe-lVàffaiftU,asd theCouatof
Friejland,f TheCoavtte WàtkrrbttrthSaimourdjftropufeMbunfelf,
"intheyew1733,whenthenewEledorfenthimCoaunifikrjrPlenipotentiaryloPolaiuliwherehemanag'dthe Intérêt of hitMata foweU,thathe waschofcKiag.
the Court o/8axony. 127
5.mijf-
good Share ofReligion, heis a Gentlemanofknown
Candour, great Experience in Bufinefs, and abun-
dance of Good-nature, Politenefs, and ModeftyAnd he is not only deeply learn'd, but always ftu-
dious how to anfwer the great Truftrepos'd in him
by their Majefties; and as the Method he takes toinftrud the Prince has won him his Royal High-nefs's Efteem and Friendfliip, fo it cannot fail of
procuring him one day the Praife and Gratitude of
thofe who are conccrn'd for the Glory of the RoyalFamily.
When AugujtusIII. came to the Government hefent the Count, with M. deBaudijin, in Quality ofhis Plenipotentiaries, to the Republic of Polardin which Poft he anfwer'd the Expe&ation whichthe King had of his Capacity. His Wifdomgot thebetter of all Oppofition and he had the advantageof triumphing over the Intrigues and Cabals of thePrimate. After the King had been proclaim'd theCount fwore, in his Majefty's Name, in theChurch
atffarfaw, to the Obfervationof the Paffa Conven-ta drawn up by the Members of the Republic andthen accompanied the Grand Deputation of the Po-
UJb Nobility at Tarnowitz. Twas he that made
anfwer, in the Name of their Majefties, to the Ha-
rangues of the Bifhop of Cractnodeclaring the Re-
public's Acknowledgement of his Title, and theirObedience. And the Anfwer he return'd was inthe two Languages in which the Prelate addrefs'dhim He fpoke in Latin for the King, and in Frencbfor the Queen.
The Count being return*d to Drefdenfince their
Majefties Coronation, is whollytaken up in tjie E-ducation of thePrince Royal and his care of himlias been crown'd with fuch Succefs,that we mayprophcfy his Royal Highhefs will one day drawdownthat Bkfling ofGodupon himfelf, which is
upon the Head ofthe juft.
i2S Prefent State of
acquira
5. Wolff-Hcnryde Baudifin, Generalof theHorfe,Colonel of a Regiment of Carabiniers, and Knightof the Order of the Wbite-Eagîe, and that ofDan-
acbroCyhasall the Qualifies requifiteforawell-borriGentleman, viz. anagreeableAiped, agoodStature*a noble Air, eafyand engaging Behaviour, approv'dValour, a
Generofityfree of ail Ostentation and
finally whatis fupenor to all thefeQualifies, he hasa Fund of Probityand Candour which nothing can
corrupt. He isa Native of Holftein, and fpent his
early Years in the ServiceoïSwedeityand afterwardsin that of the Duke his Sovereign, wno gave him a
Régiment, with which he ferv'd all the laftWar inthe Netberkmdst in thePoftof Major-General. Au-
guftusII. callinghim to hisservice, madehim Lieu-tenant-General of his Forces, and then General ofthe Cavalry. When AugufiusIII. came to the Go*
vernmenthe fummond him to hisCabinet-Counciï,and fenhim ashisPlenipotentiarytoP«/tf»i, wherete had a hand in every Tranfaclion for the Ad-
vantage and Honour of the King. He afterwardscommanded the Army which his Majefty was ob*
Jiged to carry into his Kingdom for the Defenceofhis oppreffed Subjects and there hefeil fodanger-ouflyill that he wasobliged to return to Germanytto
make ufe of the Watersof Pyrmnt, by which hefound benefit and he is now at Drtfdnt, where
his Seniority gives him the Command in chief
of the Forces.6. Altxandsr-Jofepb Couht de Suliowsh', Sraroft
pf Sckolnick, Chief Huntfman of LJtbuaniaf Maf-ter of the Horfe, Great Mafter of the Wardrobe,
Major-General ofthe King's Forces, Colonelof theCrown-Guards and of a Regiment of Foot, and
Knight of the Ordcr of the White-Eagït, is a Pc-laniir. B:ing taken into Service very young as
Page to the King, then Prince Royal and Elefto-raJ, hc accompanied him in his Travels, and there
the Court of Sa x o nY. i 2q
Vol. I. K turn
acquir'd a good Fund of Knowledge. His greatSobriety, his Affiduity*his Application to the dif-
charge of his Duties, his Senfe, and his fincereAt-tachment to Religion, won his Mafter*sHearr, ofwhich he keeps poflcflioneven to this day with aDiftin&ion that doeshim the more Honour, becaufehc derives it from thé King's thorough conviction ofhis Merit.
The Count is of a good Str re, has a noble andmodeft Air, and a Candour in his Converfation andhis Action, which is very engaging. He is civil,and makes no other Ufe of his Favour but to do asmuch Good as he can, without prejudicing the In-terefts of the King whom he ferves with Grati-
tude, Affection, and Zeal. He is a generous Mi-
nifter, and his Houfe is open to all Perfons ofDiftinûion.
After he had ferv'd as a Page, he wasby the late
King made a Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber andnot long after that, his prefent Majsfty, who wasthen ftill Prince Royal, deckr'd him Direftor ofhis Hunting Equipage, and trufted him with the
Management of his Domeftic Affairs. The late
King alfo appointed himone of hisChamberlains.At the famous Camp at Zeitbaim, the Count
commanded an Independent Company. He dif-cover*d fo great Application, and fuch a happyGenius for the Art of War, that the late King,whofePenetration nothing cou'd efcape, took it fora good Omen, and gave him a Regiment of Foot.Thus did the Count make his way towards the
fplendid Fortune which he nowenjoys. M. deBrubl
refigning his Poft of Great Mafterof theWardrobe,foon after the King's Acceffionto the Governmenr,his Majefty gave that Poft to his Favourite. Hffafterwards can'd him to his Cabinet Council andat his Coronation, he made him Knight of the
OrderofthcWhitcEagle. After the CourtesRc-
1 3O Prefent State of
auons
turn from Cracow, the Count went to the ArmybeforeDantzic where he gave demonftration of
his being as good a Soldier as he is an able Statef-man. It being not compatible with his Miniftry
to be long abfent, and Dantzic being on the pointof capitulating, he went to give the King an ac-count of the Succefsof its Siege, and the Profpe-rity of his Arms. He accompanied his Majefty tothe Abbey of Oliva, and by his Prudence contri-buted very much to put fuch Polijb Lords in mindof their Obedience, who had thought of being ex-
empted from it. And his only View being moreand more to deferve that Favour with which the
King honours him, and being delirous of havingitin his power to ferve him, as well in his Annies,as in his Cabinet, he went laft of all to the ImperialArmy, in order to qualify himfelf for a Commandunder Prince Eugèneof Savoy.
To complete the good Fortune of this Count,he married a Lady, who, befidesherBirth and per-fonal Charms, has a Charadter which gains her the
Applaufe and Vénération of ail that know her.She is hereditary Baronefsof Stcin and when he
marry'd her, flie was Lady of Honour to the
Queen. They are both Members of the Roman
Catholic Church.
7. Henry de Brabl, Knight of the Orders of
Poland andPruffia, a Member of the Privy-Coun-cil, Prefident of the Chamber of Finances, Direc-
tor General of the -Excife, and Vice-Prefident of
the Taxes, is the Son of John de Brubl, whowas of the Privy-Council xoAugufiusII. and Grand
Marfhal and Direâor of the Privy-Council to the
Duke Regent of Saxe-Weiffenfels, He is by Birth
a Saxon, and has a Brother who is Knight of the
.Teutonick Order. He made great progrefs at
Leijlfic in the BellesLettres, and in the Exercifes
fuitable to aPerfon of his Extraction. His Recre-
the Court o/*Saxon y. Ï31
Kîz When
Ûtions there, were Mufic, and Conversion with
Perfons of his own Tafte. He fometimes made
Verfes, whichwereefteem'd forthe bright Thoughts
in them, and the Harmony of the Verfification.
When he quitted Leipfic, he was enter'd Page to
the late King In this Poft he behaved with fo
much Sobricty and Affiduity, that his Majefty
foon diftinguilh'd him from the Croud, admitted
him to Familiarity with him and finding he had
a found Judgment, a quick Apprehenfion,a Pe-
netration beyond what might be expefted from one
of his Age, and that he was a Perfon of Difcre-
tion, and inviolable Secrecy, join'd with a noble
Freedom, and fuch a happy way of expreffing
himfelf as to render the moft difficult Subjefts
eafy and pleafant; he readily judg'd that fuch a one
wasfit to be employ'd in great Affairs. He had a
mind to inftruft him and having nominated him
one of the Gentlemen of his Bsd-Chamber, he
had him under his Eye. M. de Brubl improv'd
fo well from the Leffons of this great Mafter, 10
thoroughly fludy'd his Humour, and fo exaft y
fuited himfelf to his Genius, that he madehimfelf
neceffary. His Application, his Love to Bufind^
and the Eafe with which he difpatch'd it, won him
the intire Confidence of AuguftusII. who declar d
him Great Mailer of the Wardrobe, and a Privy
Counfellor and to him he moreovcr committed
the Direction and Régulation of Affairs, Foreign
and Domeftic. Never had the King fhewn more
ArFedion or Efteem for any of his Favountes
yet this Nobleman taok ne'er the more State upon
him for it, but living alwayshumble, polite, ar.d
ready to do Services, he made himfelf Fnent s,
and fecur'd himfelf by that means againft all the
Hatred and Envy with which Courtiers are very
ready to treat thofe who are in Power.
132 Prefent State of
M
When the King of Pruffia went to the Camp at
Zeithain, he conferr'd his Order of the Black
Eagle upon M. de Brubl: The late King alfo ho-nour'd him with that of the White Eagle but thiswas at a time when this Minifter had no Relifli for
Honours, and wou'd have been glad ta haverenounc'd them for ever, if he cou'd thereby have
prolong'd thc Days of a Mafter fo worthy of Im-
mortality.It was in thofe laft Moments, when the Profef-
fions of Friendihip cannot be fo much as fufpeéted,that AuguftusIl. gave his Favourite his Order, as
a certain Token that he retain'd a value for him
even to Death. This great King having finiftYdhis glorious Carcer, M. de Bruil, without fuffer-
ing himfelf to be too much caft down, knowingthat an Ocean of Tears was too little to flicd for
the Lofs he had fuftaind, thought of nothing morethan paying the due Devoirs to the deceas'dSove-
reign, and to the Prince, his Son and Succeffor.
Having therefore caus'd the Corpfe of the formerto be embalm'd, and put a Seal upon ail the Effeds
which belong'd to him, befides fecuring the Jewelsand Papers of Confequence he came to Drefdento
join the Eleclor, now King oïPoland^ whoreceived
him with fuch Marks of Kindnefs, as were enoughto have put the deceas*dMonarch out of the Mi-
ni fter's Thoughts, if his Gratitude had not di&ated
to him, that fucha King and fuch a Mafter oughtnever to be forgot.
The King confirm'd him in aUthe Employmentsand Honours which he had held by the Favour of
Augujtus II. and moreover appointed him one of
the Minifters of his Cabinet. Some time after
this, his Majefty decJar*d him Prefident of the
Chamber of Finances confequently, this great,this true King, bydiftinguiihingMerit, did farther
Honour to thé Memory of his auguft Father, fince
the Court o/Saxony. 133
K 3 with
he did what that magnanimous Prince wou'd hâve
undoubtedly done for his Favourite.At this time the Minifter refign'd to the King
his Office of Great Mafter of the Wardrobe, whichhis various Occupations did not permit him to ma-
nage with that Care he thought was neceflfary.After the Return of the Court trom Cracow, whther this Gentleman had accompany'd the King,he marry'd the Countefs de Collowrat, one of the
Queen's Ladies of Honour, whofe high Birth was
fupported with fuchperfonal Qualités as can neverbe enough commended. The Bride being a Roman
Catholic, the Ceremony of the Marriage was per-formed at Morilzbourg, in prefence of their Ma-
jefties, by the Bifhop of Cracow. Never was a
Couple better match'd i theLady's Perfon beinga Collection of Charms, and M. de Brubl a Manof as noble Prefence as one wou'd wifh to feewhich he generally fets off with a rich Drefs of a
good Fancy. No body at Court furpaffeshim in a
-generousway of living; for he keepsa noble Table,and at his Houfe Perfons of Diftinétion have theirAffemblies. This Minifter has fomething fo at-
trading in his Looks and Behaviour that he eafilywins the Hearts of People who are the moft indif-ferent to him. He is fo polite, affable, and en-
gaging, that he liftens attentively to thofe who laytheir Wants before him, returns them courteousand diftinft Anfwers and whenever he is con-ftrain'd to give a Déniai, he does it in fucha man-ner asplainlydemonftrateshisConcem that 'tis not inhis power to oblige. And'tis owing to this Good-inature of his, and to the Kindnefs with which hetreats his Inferiors, that he can boaft of pofleflîng.the Love and Vénération of the Public.
In fhort, the CountdeSolkoujkiwho has the firft
place in the Cabinet, and this Gentleman who has
the fécond, are thç Minifters who décide ail Affaire
13+ Prefent State of
Death,
wi:h the King's good Pleafure. They are Gentle-men who know nothing of Jealoufy nor Envyand, as they aft from one and the fame Principle,fo they have both the fame View, which is to in-
creafe, ifjpoffible, the GJory of the King, and the
Happinefs of the-Government.The Office of ail the abovemention'd, as Mini-
fters of the Cabinet, is fo eminent at thisCourt thatit givesthole who are i nveftedwith it thePrecedenceofall the Generals, bjth of Horfe and Foot.
Bcfidesthefe, there are three other Minifters of
the Cabinet, who, tho' retir'd from Court, enjoythe Rank and Penfions annex'd to the Miniftry.They are the Count de Manteuffel, the Count de
Promuttz, and the Marquifs de Fleuri.
Erneft Count deManteuffel,Knight of the Orderof the White Eagle, isdefcendedof a Family whichhas been for a long time of diftinguifh'd Rank in
Pruflian Tomerania. He wasGentleman of theBed-Cnamber toFredericl. King oîPruffia. Certain Bal-lads beinghandedabout at Court, which wereinfult-
ing Lampoons upon the Count deWurtemberg,the
King's PrimeMinifter andFavourite, M. deManteuf-feî wascharged with being the Author of'em who
knowing that the Favourite wou'd not put up withthe Affront, retir'd to Saxony, where tne Count de
Fkmming,whothen borethe greateftfwayattheKingpf Po/tfH<fsCourt,receiv'dhimashisCountryman,and
cmploy'd him in foreign Affairs; whichhe managedwith the Approbation both of his Majefty and the
foreign Minifters he had to treat with. M. deMan-
teuffelkept in with the Favourite withoutgiving intothe Flattery which that Minifter expefted from his
Creatures; and while theKingwasVicarof the Em-
pire, he tnzdtM.deManteuffela. Countof the Empire.His Majefty had fometime beforehonour'd him withthe Order of theWhite Eagle, and preferr'd him tohis Cabinet Council and after Marflul Flemming's
the Court «/Saxony. 13cDeath, M. deManteuffel had the principal Direc-tion of theforeign Affairs. But this able Minifter,and one of the chief Ornaments and Confidentsofthe lateKing's Court, retir'd from it in 1 730, to hisEftate inPçmerania, andnowrefidesut Berlin wherehe ftill enjoys aPenfion of 24000Crowns, or 12000Rixdollars, which wasfecur'd to him by thé prefentElector. It adds to his Characler, that after he wasretired, the Want of him was lamented.
He ispretty tall, well fer, has a grand Air, andis one of the handfomeft Men that 1 have feen.His Behaviour is noble and eafy, he has a goodFundof Learning, an extraordinary Memory, andfuch a Happinefs of expreffing himfelf that whenhe talks he never fails to give PJeafure. He lives
nobly, and when he was at Drefdenhis Houfe was
open to ail Perfons of Diftinftion and Merit. Hemarried a BaronefsofPludouJka, who is, as well as
himfelf, of the Lutheran Religion.ErdmattB,Coantde Promni/z, ismoreat hisEftate
than at Court he isalib Knight of the Order of the
WhiteEagle. He married aPrincefsoiSaxe-Weiffen-fels. He always diftinguifh'd himfelf by his Zeal,and his Attachmcntto the RoyalFamily of whichhe gave Proofs by raifing an Independent Companyat hisown Expence, for theServiceof the late King,which he fent to reinforce his Majelty's Troops in
the Camp before Zeitbaim: And for the fame Ufehe has fince rais'd a Regiment of Horfe.
Fràncis Vicardel^ Marquifs de Fleuri and de
Beauforty is a Savoyard. He was the King of Sa;
dinia's Minifter, and his Envoy to the Court of
Vienna, when the late King of Rolandinvited him
into his Service, admitted him to hisCabinet Coun-K 4 ci],
HewajcreitedaConntoftheEmpire(notbytheKingofPoland,but)bytheÊmperor. Asheisa Loverof theBelles.Lettres,in the lateWar hewroteandpublitli'dfcveralfolidPièces,whiçUwcrcwellpena'd.
iî6 Prefent State ofcil, and made him a Knight of his Order. This
Minifter is endow'd with ail the Talents that can b»defir'd in a Man who has an Employment. He
has an agreeable Afpeét, engaging Manners, a juftDifcernmcnt, a quick Apprehenfion, and a veryeven Tempcr. But his fréquent Ailments difa-
bling him from the Exercife of his Talents, he de-
fiv'd, and obtain'd leave to retire to his Eftate in
Savoy and the late King, who had always a greatand noble Soul, being defirous that he fhou'd be a
Witnefs of his Goodnefs and Royal Magnificence,fecur'd the Enjoyment of his Penfions to himwhich the prefent King has alfo beeu pleafed to
confirm.Another of the Cabinet Minifters, who was alfo
formerly Prime Minifter to the late King of Poland,was the Count de Hoym, defcended from one of
the principal Families in Saxony*and Brother to the
Gentleman that married Madame deCofel. I knew
him intimately before he wasadvaned to the Mi-
niftry, at Paris, and at Vienna, as well as hère at
Drefden. You muft hâve feenhim in SiUfiat where
he has a very fine Eftate. There is not a Minifter
at this Court more civil, more learned, or a better
Friend to learned Men. During his longrefidenceat Paris as Ambaflâdor from the King of Polatid,his Houfe was open to all Men of Leaming as ic
is now at Drejdcn and he had theiptendia
Titlc
given him of the Mec<enasofSaxony*.
TheyThcy
He wu difgrac'din 1731»uponwhichbe rerir'dtohisEHate. The Caiaftropheof ihb Gendemanis fotragicalanIncident,thatitwillbeproperto givea flwrtbutcrueHiftorjrof it, as it il relatedin the followingCircularLetter,wrote
by theKingof JPtùnWtOrder. to ni»Miniftersabroad,for»he Informationof ail the ForeignCourts. The Letter«<t datedat iférfinu, the izth of bUtj, O. S. 1736, uJbllows.
Si *>
the Court ©SaxonY.
137
They who are a&ually PRIVY COUNSELLORS,
or Ministers OF STATE here, are eight in num-
ber. They are defcended from fome of the beft
Families in Saxony, and profefs the Proteftant Re-
ligion.The Detail of their Charadters, their Ex-
perience,and their Merit, wou'd oblige me to
tranfgrefs the Limits of this Work, were I only to
treat of thofe who are bound by their Employmentsto attend the King's Perfon, and who compofe his
Majefty's Houfhold. But for the Reputation of
the Privy Council, 'tis proper juft to obferve that
all its Members are Subjeéb who do Hônour to the
King's Choice that they are vigilant for promo-
ting
Si r,
« T"1 H E tragical Death of theCount Je Hoymhaving been va-< riouflyreported both in printed Papers and writtcn Let-
ten, and with Circumftancesnot ftriftly true the Kinghas
• order'd me to give yoa an exaâ Information of this Affiur.< Yon will rememberwhat the lateKing, of gloriousMemo.
< ry, fignifiedto his Minifters abroad, concerning the Reafons
and Circumfianceithat preceded, accompanied, and followed
the Difgrace of the Connt dt Hoym.This Coant having been a fecondtime arrefted for other
• Crimes, after the Death of the late King, was committed ia•
1733, to Sonnnfitin, from whence the prefent King was fo
« merciful ai to reJeafehim fome Weeks aftercontenang him-• felf to bind him again by Oaths ftronger than the former;«
whereby the Coont obliged himfelfto continuequiet at his E-• ftate, withoat concerninghimfclf with any bot his ownprivate« Affairs.
Yet towards the clofe of the Year 1 734, and at the timewhen the King wasin PelanJ, the Count, notwithftandinghis•
Engagements, took the Opportanity of his Majefty'sAbfence,• to fct on foot other Intrigua, in defiuce of bis Oath. and hi.
Promifes whereof the King being timely inform'd, order'dhim tobe arreftedandcommittedPnfonet toKimigjttia which
was the reafonof his auempting his Life by a Piftol, where-of 1 acqoainted you by my Circnlar Letter of the isth of
• Jawuary, 173S.< An Information was afterwardspreparing for the Trial of
him and his Accomplie» bat not many days after the firft« ^T*T"T'ffltîTwithé ùid Count bting ftnng by the Remorfe of
• hit
138 Prefent State ofting the Good of the Public, and that in their De-
liberations they manifeft their Zeal for the King,and their Affe&ion to their Country.
The Prefident of this Counci!, is A!txallder dt
Miltitzde Scbarffenbergi who is a Native of Saxony,the fame that was the King's Governour of whom
fo much has been already faid, that 1 avoid to
make any more parricular mention of him here.
Two of the Privy Counfellors are Counfellors
of the Conferences, which are held in prefence of
his Majefty, v'Z. Gotlob-Frederic Baron de Gerf-
dorf, and Bernard Baron de Zecb. The former
cornes from an ancient Family of Diftinâion, which
has
« his Confcience, and vexed to fee aU bis Pranks laid open,chofe to fhorten the Courfe of Juftice by putting an end to
• his own Life, notwithllanding the (indéniableProofi he had• beforeexperienc'dof hisMajeity'sCkmency For this purpofe• he firft pretended to befick, and bavingorder'd bis D6mcibcs
not to difturb him, he hang'd himfelf the zift of Api/ laft,• at Night, with a Handkercbief ry'd to a Hook that fapportedhis Looking-glafs. The Letter he wrote to his Domeftics«*witha Pencil, Md which was fbond upon the Floor, is an in-
difputableMark of thedeliberate Parpofeand coldKood withwhich he executed tbis Defigu. Moreover, in
fearchiog hisPocketsaRaxor wasfoundonhim, withaPenknifè, Sciflkrs,
and the like Infimments.The Family of theOeceas'dhaving petition'd theKing net
to proceedagainft the Corpfewith the Severityof the Law, his
Majeftyhasbeenfogoodas to order the Bodyof the Self-mur-< dererto be printely interr'd, jaft withont the Church-Yard ofthé Garrifonat thé Fort of KoxigJtsixr.'
1 am, tic.
The Night beforethe Coontdifpatch'd himfelf, he left a Note
upon his Table for his twoServants, as follows
DE pradent, make no Noife or Alann, nntie me immedi-< D ately, put me to Bîd, and then ihat the Door after you,
• by botting it when yoa areout, which you may do by thehelpof this Pack-thread and by this means no body will know
you have been in my Chamber. The World will donbtlcfs
• believe1 died of an Apoplexy if yon performmy Ordersdif-
creedy and faithfully, my Family will pay you 1000 Ducats,on fightof this Note.
the Court «/Saxony. 139
ployments
has given feveral great Men to this State. The
latter has acquitted himfelf with Succefs in the fe-
veral Negociations wherein he has been employ'd.They are both laborious, vigilant, upright Men,and of great Experience in Bufinefs.
The King's GREAT OFFICERSare,
I. The GRANDMARSHAL which Office is now
held by Waldemar, Baron de Lowendabl, who has
under him
The Gentlemen of the
Bed-Chamber,The Pages,The Huntfmen,The Muficians of the
Chapel andtheCham-
ber,The Dancers,
The Comedians,The Trumpeters,The Footmen,The TurkstThe Hcydukcs,The Meffengers,The Negroes
and in thort, a confiderable number of other Of-
ficers and Domeftics of the King's Houihold.
His Jurifdiftion extends not only over thofe that
I have mention'd, but alfo over all Foreigners of
Quality who happen to be at Bref dm and there is
a Tribunal or Court for this purpofe, of which the
Great Chamberlain,the Great Mafter oftheKitchens,the Great Cup-Bearer and the Marflial of the Coure
are Members.II. The GREAT CHAMBERLAIN who is at
prefent Htnry-Frederic Count of.FrieJlaxd. 'Tis he
that receivesthe Ambaffadors and other foreign Mi-
nifters, and introduces them to an Audience of the
King. He has under him the feveral Chamber-
lains.in. The MASTERof the Horse, Alexander-
Jofepb Count deSulkowjki,is in poffeffionof this
Office, which is one of the beft and nobleft Em-
I4Ô Prefent State of
and
ployments at Court, the Perfon who is inveftedwith it being fervd by the King*sEquipages and
Livery, and having the difpofal of all the inferîorOfficesappertaining to the Stables, He bas underhim the Equerries, the Prickers, and ail the Work-men cmploy'd for the Service of the Stables, and
the making of the Equipages.He that is the only chief Equerry is Adolpbnsde
Brubl, one of the King's Chamberlains. He offi-
ciâtes in the abfenceof the Mafter of the Horfe, is
Brother to HenrydeBruhl Minifter of the Cabinet,and refembleshim in Candour and Integrity. His
Honefly, which is imprinted on his very Counte-
nance, refleéb a Luftre on all his Actions. He is
ib fenfibleof theCharms of Friendfhip that he ful-
filsall the Obligations of it and befidesthofe Qua-lifiesof the Mind, he makes an agreeable Appear-ance, is dextrous in hisExercifes, has a folid Reliih
of the Arts and Sciences, is perfeû Mafter of Mu-
fic, and plays on lèverai Inftruments.
He was heretofore in the Service of the Duke
R ent of Wtiffenfth, and next in that of the
Duke of Saxe-Weimar, who had fuch an Efteem
for his Merit that to him he referred the Direction
of his Court. Neverthelefi he ltft this Prince, and
enter'd into the Service of the lateKing^, whocon-
ferred thofe Employments on him which he now
«njoys. Since he came to Court, hc married a
young ÏJidy of Quality of the Family of Opelen.whofe Fortune and Charms into the bargain made
her fuch a confiderabfeMatch that fcc did not waoc
Suitors.IV. The Great Hcntsm an. The Gentleman
who at prefent pofleflesAis Office, one of the moft
lucrative at Court, isCharlesdeLeubnitz. Itgiveshim the Superintendanceover ail die Officers of the
Venery, in which Number are included the Ran-
flers, the Verdurers, the Gentlemen and Pages,
the Court o/Saxony. 141
VI.
4
and above a hundred Huntfmcn or other Perfons
depending on them. The Great Huntfman is a
Proteftant, as well as his Lady, who is of the Fa-
mily of Scbaurot.
V. The Grçat MASTERof the Kitchens is
Molpbus Baron de Seyffertitz, of a Family whichbas been for a long time diftinguifh'd in this Elec-torate. His firft Step at Court was in the Employ-ment of Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber. JuguftusIl. at the requeft of the late Czar Peter tbe Great,
plac'd him Govemor to the Czarowitz when that
young Prince came into Germany. He continuedin this Poft till after the Marriage of the Czarowitzto the Princefs of Bmnfwic-WolfembuttU-Blancken-
bourg. After his return to Saxonyhe accompaniedrhe late King to Berlin, when his Majefty togetherwith Frederic IV. King of Denmarkt went thitherto make a vifit to Frédéric I.
King of Pruffia. ln
1711, M. de Seyffertitzwas appomted Marflial ofthe Embafly which AuguftusII. fent to Francfort,for the Election of an Emperor. His
Impérial Ma.
jefty Charles VI. at the Ceremony of bis Corona-
tion, made him a Knight of the Empire, and at
length the lateKing made him one of his Chamber-
lains, and then Great Mafter of theKitchens, whichOffice he manages with Dignity and Politeneû.He married a Lady of the Family of HaxtbaufentWidow of the Count de Beicblinr the Great Faul-coner. They are both of the Lutberatt Commu-nion.
In the abfence of the Grand Marlhal, the GreatMafter of the Kitchens officiâtes, and at the grandCeremonieswears like him a Staff tipp'd with Silver
gik. Under his Province are the Çomptrollers ofthe Kitchen and of the Houthold, the Clerks ofthe Kitchen, the Purveyors, the Cooks and Turn-
fpits, the Paftry-Cooks, thc Purfers, Fifhmcngors,~c.
142 Prefent State of
under
S
VI. The GREATCupbearer is John Adoîpbusde Haugwitz, a Gentleman of good Extraction.His Father was Grand Marchai to the late King.He isa handfome Man, basa nobleMien, performsall forts of Exercifes with a Grace and with Dexte-
rity, and does the Honours of the Court in a beco-
ming manner. He is of the Proteftant Religion,and married to a Lady of the Family oîBeift. His
Employmentfetshim above ail the Officers of the
King*sButtery, Cellar, and Pantry. In the abfenceof theGrand Marfiial and the Mafter of the Kitchens,he officiatesfor them, and at great Ceremonies hecarries like them a Staff of Silver gilt.
VII. The GREAT FAULCONERis an Officeheld by AnthonyCount de Mcfcbinjki^a Polijb No-
bleman, and a RomanCatholic. He was formerlyPage to the King, and attended his Majefty in hisTours to France and Itafy, where hc acquir'd greatPolitenefs, and a very engaging Deportment. Athis retum to Drefdeny he wasmade one of theGen-tlemen of theBed-Chamber to the King, who wasthen the Prince Royal. Afterwards the late Kingappointed him one of hisChamberlains and whenthe Count deFitztubm unhappily loft his lifeat War-
faw, his Majefty who had given his Office of GreatChamberlain to the Count de Friejland, beftow'dthat of Great Faulconer which was held by that
Nobleman, upon the Count deMofcbinjht who was
grac'd almoft at the fame time with the Order ofthe Wbite-EagU* and the Poft of Treafurer to theCourt of Poland. His Majefty alfo granted him in
Marriage oneof his natural Children, the Daughterof the Counteftde Cofel. Never wasa Perfon more
defervingof Honoursthan theGreat Faulconer, whois truly magnificent, and makes fuch an Appear-ance, that he does an Honour to his Charaâer.
By his Behaviour he engages the Friendlhip and
Regard of aU chat have to do with him. He has
the Court of Saxony. 143under his comrnandthe Officersof the FaulconryorMews where the Hawks are kept, the Faulconers,and ingeneral all thofe Perfonsthat haveany relationto the Faulconry.
VIII. The GREATMASTERofthe Ward robeis Alexander-JofepbCount de Sulkowjki. He hasunder his Jurifdiftion the CatbolicCïtrgy, the Pby-
ficians of the Body, the Footmen, the Secretaries,Wrïters and Clerks of the Chamber, the Infpcftorsof the Cbamberof Curiqfitiesy the UJbersof theCbamberand of the Rings Clofet, his Peruke-makers,
Surgeonsand 'faylors, the Negroes, Dwarfs, and
Pages of the BackStairs, the Arcbiteiïs, Engineersand Defigners.
IX. The Postmaster-Geveral is Maurice-Charles Count de Linar, who is alfo one of the
Chamberlains, and a Knight of the Order of St.
• *fobn. He is defeended from a Family which hasbeen of Eminenee for a long time in this Eletto-rate. His good Mien is anfwerable to his Birch,and by his Politenefs, his Manners, and his Ex-
pences, he does an honour to the Prince that
employs him. The King, after his Coronation,fent him to Mufcovyto notify the Accomplifhmentof that Ceremony to the Emprefs of the Ruffians,and he ftill continues -at that Princefs's Court, totake care of his Mafter's Interefts, which he does in
a way that cannot but turn to his own Advantage,and the Honour of the King. This Gentlemanwas alfo employ'd by the late King at the Court of
Pruffia, and at the Britijb Court when at Hanover,and always dilcharg'd his Commiffions with fuchSucccfsas was crown'd with his Majefly's Appre-bation.
X. TheMARSHALofthe COURTis John-GeorgefEinftedd, who is alfo a Privy-Counfellor, and a
> Gentlemanof agood Family, his Anceftors having
poi-In O3»btr 1736, he rciurn'd VoDre/den.
*4+ PrefentStateof
coav
poffbflcdthechicf Offices ofthc State He 1»,fited the principal Courts of Exrope, where he con.traéted thatJ?OliteTura which is feen in his Beha-viour. He 15a handfome Man, has a noble Air,and his Demeanour is anfwerable. He knows agreat deal, and performs all cheacademical Exer-cifes very well. He married the Daughter of theGeneral Count de
Flear"g Governor of Ler'pfic,who was a rich Heirefs, and To be valned for the~ties of her Mind. The Marlhal of the Courtand his Lady are both of the I,xtbe,.a~eCommu-nion. I-iis Officejoins him in Commillionwith theGrand Marfbal, the Great Mafter of the Kitcheos,and the Great Cup-Bearer and like thofe Otliccrshe carries the thort Sr.tff of S'~r gilt at the grandCeremonies. 'Tiscommonly hè'tbat makes the
Court-Entertainments.
of CSS^tfi IUZX^ of the Court, «d «neof the Chamberlains, is remarked for his genœelMien and Extraénon. His goodQualicies
and De..
IfSBB.
He is of the eftablith'd Religion of Saxoxy, andlately married MadamoifcUedtScb~rebrrgdeMaxar,whofe Perfonal Charau are an Ornament ta theCourt.
~-Fcrdi~rdd'Er~oxd~'dor~~ Mar1haJ ofthe King'sHoulhold, and one of the
Chamber Jains,has procur'd himfelf Efteem by his Merit as well ashisgood Birth andBreeding, BefidcsbisKuowkdge
of various kinds which quali6es mmfor Bufincfs..lie is Matter of feveral~rly the~'rc~rcb. He married a Lady of-the
Family of.Flr/ler,and they are both of the LrrtberaxRelrgton.JU. The Chamberlains. Of thefe thS™
too numyto bc aU mention'd hère, fo SatTfl^îanly take notÏceof the twelve Pen60ners wbo are
~5~sanling the Scniority of thtitAdmi~
the Court of Sa x'6 ny. 14$
Vot. 1; h pur«
éômmonly attend rhe King and Qu^en, each awhole Week in their turn, and have thi Rank of
Major-Gênerais. The fineft Prerogative of their
Employment; is the Honour of eating with tlieir
Majeflies v/hen they are in Waiting, and of heingthe Depofitaries of the Pétitions which are préfcntedto the King in his Paflage;
1. HenryRodolpbdeSckonfeld,Lord rifLo^enitz^is the King's firft Chamberlain. He hasa finePre-fence and Behaviour, and a fweet arid amiable
Tempef. He kceps a handfome Table and Equi-page, fiiitàble to his Fortune* He attended the
King, byhi^Majefty'sOrder, to CracoWiandlaftlyto Olivd
2. HelmutbdéPlejkis of Family in the Dutchybf Holftein, of fome Note for their great Eftate
there, and for the Rank they bear at the Court of
Dettmark, where fereral Lords of PUJkare in the
Miniftry. The Gentleman here mention'd isa£tu-
ally the King's Envoy Extraoidinary to the Court
of Denmark.
3. Àuguftur-HenryGottkbyCount deCalktberg, is
of this Eleftorate, where his Family has for a longtime enjdy*da confiderable Rank, and a fineEftate.
He has been the King's Envoy Extraordinary tô
the Courts of France, Brujfels, Cologn Trierst and
the Eleétor Palatine, to notify the Death of the
late King; and the Acceflîon of their prefent Ma-
jefties to the Eleftorate. He married the Countefsof
Bofty lives nobly, and adorns the Court by his Po-
litenefs. He is ofthe Proteftant Communion.
4. Jobn-Georgede Carlcwitz is of the fame Re-
ligion. He is a Saxvn, and married to Madamoi-
felle deNtitftb. He has a peculiar Talent of gain-
ing the Love of all Mankind which he owes to
his Travels, and his namral Genius.
5. Frederic-Àupiftus dt Brandftein, aftei havingEnifh'd his Studicsat fTUtenterg, travell'd to good
146 Prefent State of
tration,
purpofe to the principal Countries of Earope. Athis return the late King declar*dhim a Gentlemanof his Bed-Chamber, and fome time after one ofhis Chamberlains. He is well defcended, and whatis convenient for a Courtier, he adheres to the Re-
ligion which is upermoft in the State.6. DetIer-Henryd>EinJîedeltBrothcrto the MaHhal
of the Court, honours his Name by his perfonalQualifies. He is a handfome tall Gentleman, hasa grand Prefence, and few Gentlemen furpafs himin Good-Manners, Addrefs, and polite Literature.He ftudy'd at Wittenbergy and afterwards made aVifit to the principal Courts of Europe: Thelafthe made was to that of Sweden, whither he wasfent by the King to notify the Death of his late
Majefty,. and the Acceflîon of his prefent Majeftyto the Eleftorate.
TlSigifmondtPArnitn^ is not only one of the
King's Chamberlains, but Colonel of a Régimentof Horfe. He is of an ancient Family which hasLands in Lufatia. His Employments are owingboth to his Birth andperfonal Merit. He is of the
Religion of the Country.8. MaximUian, Count d'Herzan, is of Bobemia.
The late Countefs his Mother was the Queen's firft
Lady of Honour, and attended her Majefty hither
from Vienna. He is able to cut a Figure at Court,but is abfent above half of bis time; and is a Ro-
man Catholic.
9. Cbarles-CbriJHattde Minchmtz, is a Gentle-
man of a fine Mien. As he has been a greatTraveller, he has acquir'd a great Jhare of Know-
ledge and Politenels. He was born a Saxon, but
has embrac'd the Roman Catholic Faith; tho' he
Jus defeated himfelf by it of the Reverfion of
a confiderable Inheritance.
10. Henrj-AHguftusde Breitenbaucb, is a Gentle-
man of fine Scnie and Mannen fuitable to his Ex-
the Court of Saxon y. 147
L2 the
trattion. Suchis his good Tafte and Skill in Mu-
ficj that he has been fingled out for the Directionof the King's Pleafures. He is of the Communionof the Country, and marry'd to a Lady of the Fa-
mily of Scbonberg.11 Nicbolas-Scbwizinskiis a Native of Poland 1
he has valnable Qualities, and a great Attachmentto the RomanCatholic Religion.
12. N. N. de SebguttStaniJlawski is of a Fa-
mily which was formerly poffcfs'dof a great Eftatein Silefia, with the ïide of the Counts de Sebgutt,till the Conqueft of thé Country by the Teutonic
Knights, when his Anceftors remov'd to Pruffiajand fpreading afterwards in Polandy they atfum'dthe Name of S tanijlawski, aswhat was moreagree-able to the Poles. This Chamberlain is a Perfon offtrift Honour and Integrity, without any mannerof Guile. He fpent his Youth at the Academy ofBerlin which was ereéted by King Frederic 1: andafterwards enter'd as Gentleman of the Bed-Cham-ber to AuguftusII. who not many Years after madéhim a Chamberlain of Poland, and put him uponthe Eftabliflimcnt of Saxony and when the prefene
Kingcame to the Government, he continuedhim
in hts Employment. His Majefty alfo made choiceof him to attend him to Cracow, and Jaftly to 0-liva.
XII. Of the STEWARDof the Queen's Hous-Hold. Since the Queen's Arrivai at Drefden, there
"hâvebeen four Stewardsof herMajefty*sHoufhold.The Coimt de Diedficbftein was the firft thathad this Place, which he refign'd for the Grand
Priory of Bobemia. His Succeflbr was the Countde Kmigftggwho aftually commands the Empe-for*sArmy in Lombardy. This General being re-call'd to Vienna, was replac'd by the Count deWra-
tiflauy and he by the Count de JVaidJteinwho
lately quitted that Poit to go and take poffeffionof
1 48 Prefent State of
Tho^
the Office of Landfbauptmann, or Intendant of Si-
lefia, which was conferr'd on him by the Emperor.The Count de JVratîflaw^ who has the care of his
Imperial Majefty's Affairs at this Court, officiatesthere again as Steward. This is the Officer whoJeads the Qjeen, and gives Orders to all her Of-ficers and Domeftics, and who muft be apply'd to
by thofe that folicire for an Audience of her Ma-
jefty.XIII. The Queen'sfirft Lady of Honour, is The-
refa Baronefs of Stein, and Countefs Dowager of
Collawrat who honoursher Station by her Virtues,and by the Dignity with which fhe fills it. The lateCount de Collewrat her Hufband was Great Cham-
berlain of Bohemia,and one of the chief Noble-
men of that Kingdom. This Lady, his Reliât is
a Roman Catholic, and is fuch in an exemplarymanner. Thofe Ladies who want to kifs the
Queen's Hand, or to pay their Duty to her, muft
apply to this Lady, who introduces and prefentsthem. She has the Precedence before ail other
l,adies, and only yields it to the Princetfes of theBlood.
XIV. Of the Governefsof the Ladies of Honour,and of tbe Ladies ofHonour themfehes. In the ab.fence of the firft Lady of Honour, the Governefsof the Ladies officiates. The BaronefsDowager ofRobr worthily fills this Station, and has under herfix Ladies, two of whom, viz. the Countefîes of
Waîdfteinand Kokerftnoitz,are Ladies of the Bed-
Chamber a a Titlewhichprocures-themAdmittanceto the Queen's ClofeL AU the Ladies of Honourmuft always appear in the Court-Drefs. Their
manner of Living is fuch that it obliges Calumnyitfelf ro refpeft them.
X V. Of the Lords andLadies that are attacVd totbe Courtbythtir Offices,orbytbeFaveursoftbeKinr.
the Court o/S a x o n y. 149
L 3 Rc*
Tho' the Poîijb Lords cannot be put upon theEftablifhment of the Court of Saxony, that there
may be nothing in common between'the two States,yet it may be thought inexcufable not to mentionin this place John-AlexandtrLipjki, Bithop ofCra-cow, Duke of Servia, and Great Chancellor ofPoland not only becaufe this Prelate, who is de-fcended from one of the beft Families in the King-dom, was appointed Bifhop of Cracow by the Lte
King, but becaufe he has given fignal Proofs of hisGratitude and Attachment to the auguft Family ofhis Benefaftor. The Virtues of this Gentleman in-title him to Relpeft He is pious without Hypo-crify, generous without Oftentation, magnificentwithout Pageantry, officiousmeerly for the Pleafureof obliging, a Courtier without Servility, a Man
ftriâly attach'd to hisKing and his Country,learnedwithout being pofitive, a great Orator, a goodBifhop, and a wife Minifter, always ready to em-brace a good Propofal, and firm to fupport it, la-
borious, vigilant, adtingonly out ofPrinciple, and
by confequencefufceptible of Friendihip, and fcorn-
ing Revenge. The late King, out of his Efteemfor the Qualities of this Prelate, made him Bifhopof Cracow, Great Chancellor of Poland, and ho-nour'd him with his Order of the White Eagle.By this meanshe fo rivetted him to his Intereft, andto that of thePrince hisSon, that after his Majefty'sDeceafe, his moft Révérend Highnefs direftedAffairs in fuch a manner that the Republic chofehis Son for their King. Auguftus Il. being pro-claim'd accordingly, the Prince and Bifhop wasap-pointed Head of the Embaffy which the States ofthe Kingdom fent to the new Monarch at Tar*
nawitZy to carry him the Diploma of hisElection.He fpoke upon this occafion with a noble Elo-
quence, rendering to their Majeftiesall dueRefpeâs,and yet maintaining the Dignity of the moft Scrcnc
150 Prefent State of
Arch-
Republic. Having difcharg'd this Commiffion, hewent betbre the King to Cracow, made his Entrythere, and took pofltflion of the Bifhoprick. Some
days after this, he confecrated and crown'd their
Majefties in hisMctropolis. When the King return'dto Saxcny, the Prelate fellowed him, and attendedhim te Oliva and *twashe that receiv'd the AU
Jegiance and Homage of the Datitzickers to his
Majefty. He is fince come hither to rejoin the
Court, is belov'd, revercnc'd, and every one does
juftice to his Virtues.
Charles- Lewis, Prince oîHelftein -Bect, Colonelin the Service of the King, and Knight of theOrder of the White Eagle, is the fecondSon of thelate Lewis-FrédéricVeldt-Marlhal of Pruffia, Go-vernour of Koningsberg,and Knight of theOrder ofthe Elephant. This Prince married AnneCountefsof Orfeljka, the legitimated Daughter of the Ute
King.George-Ignatius^Prince de Lubomirjki^ Sword-
Bearer of the Crown, Lieutenant-General of the
King*s Forces, Colonel of tbe Life-Guards, and
Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, is de-fcended from a Family of very great Diftinâion in
Poland. After he return'd from his Travels, beingattach'd to the Court of AugufiusIl. he marriedthe Daughter of the Count deFitztubm, who was
Great Chamberlain a Lady of fuch Beauty, fuch
perfonal Charms, and fuch fineSenfe, that 1heen-
gages the Vénération of all that know her. Prince
Lubomirjki is a jolly handfome Man, very polite,thinks and aâs agreeable to his Birth, bas a goodlhare of Literature, and is perfecT:Mafter of Mufic.lie lives in a handfome manner very fuitable to his
Rank.The Prince/s of fefcben is a Polijb Lady, and
ally'd to the greateft Families in the Kingdom..Her Uncle was the famous Çardinal Radjowjkiy
the Court «/Saxony. 151t
L 4 felt
Archbilhop oïGnefna, and Primate of the KmgciomShe was formerly marry'd to Prince LubomirskûGreat Chamberlain of the Crown but the Mar-
riage was difToved, fo that ihe quitted the Nameof Lubomirski for that of Tefcben, which Hieftill bears, tho' ihe afterwards marry'd PrinceLewis of Wirtemberg. This Princefs fupports herRank with Dignity, has a grand Air, is refpe&edfor a noble diftinguifh'd and engaging Beha-
viour, and lives in fo handfome a manner, that fheis oneof the moft ihining Ornaments of this Court.
Jofepba Countefs de Lagnafco is the Daughterof the Count deWaïlenfieinywho wasGreat Cham-berlain to the Emperor Jofepbyand oneof the mon:
worthy Noblemen of the Imperial Court, by E-leonoraCountefs of Lofenftein a Lady whofc Me-
mory is with Juftice rever'd by ail Vienna. TheCountefs de Lagnafco was the Widow of Count
Thaun, when fhe marry'd the Irte Count de Lag-nafcoy Minifter of the Cabinet to Auguftus II.General of theSaxonCavalry, Captain of theHorfe-
Guards, and Knight of the Order of the White
Eagle. Since that Nobleman's Deceafe, which
was in April 1732, his Widow has alwaysliv'd at
Drefden; where fhe enjoys the Efteem of their
Majefties, and the Vénération of the Courtiers.
This Countefs is Miftrefs of feveral Languages to
Perfection, thoroughly underftands Mufic, and
fings with Grace and Method. Her noble generousway of living, and her graceful and diftinguilh'dBehaviourcannot be exprefs'd, nor indeed equall'dto any thing but the Goodnefs of her Temper.The late Count de Lagnafcois of a good Stature,and his Behaviour polite and civil. 1 think youknow that he was of a Family vfcPiedmontof fome
DiftindVion. How, or when he firft enter'd into
the Service of the King of Poland, I cannot tell
you; but 1know that he prefently infinuated him-
152 Prefent State of
fôS
– w Vfelf into his Mafter's Favour, by his very grcatAfliduky, agreeab!e Temper, and by a vatt Com-
plaifance to enter into hisPJeafures. He eftabliih'dhimfLlf fo firmly in rhe King's Favour that theCount de Flemminglook'd upon him as the only Ri-val he had to fear, and therefore he never muchlik'd him. The Count de Lagnafcowas employ'din feveral Embaflîes and when he had finifh'd that
at Rome, which was his Jait, there was a Talk thathe was to go Ambafiiidor to Vienna, and that the
young Count de Wackerbart was to go to Rome.
I muft further acquaint you that M. de Lagnafcowas happy in ail refpefts, even in Marriage, not
only with hisiîrft, but his fécond Wife, who, whenht marri^d her, was a young, rich, brifk Widow.His firft Wife was the Daughter of the Count de
J\TsyelùstLieutenant-General in Hdland, a Ladyof grcat Virtue, eftecmed by ail the People at thé
Hague, and poffefs'd of a confiderable Eftate, of
which, dying young, and wilhout Iflue, fhe madclier Hufband foie Iïeir.
Francis, Count de Montmorency,is a Name toov/ell known to fpeak of his Extradion. He was aColonel in France when he went into the Service of
AugufiusIl who receiv'd him with that Demon-jlration of Efteem which that King was fo readyto grant to Perfons of Merit. His Majefty firft
appointed him Major-General of his Forces, andfome time after he déclaré him a Lieutenant-Ge-
rierul, and Captain of his Borfe-Guards. At thattime the Count married Madame Pet/ci>inyWidowef the Great General of ~,itbxaxia; a Lady whofe
|B;rth, Qualifies, and Fortune, reeommended herfor a very confidemble Mntch. The Gountefs de
Montmsrency,in the time of her former Hufband,went to Paris for the Recovery of her Health,and receiv'd extraordinary Honours at the French
Court, yhwe $ç was admir'd, for her Politenefs,
the Courto/Sa
X 0 N v. 153
baffador
the Delicacy of her Sentiments, and the Eafe with
which fhe exprefs'd them in the Language of
France; from whenoethey conceiv'dan advantagi-ous Idea of the Court of AuguftusII. not imagin-
ing how 'twas poffible for the Manners of a ForeignLady fo much to refemble their own. She is alfo
as much rever'd ztDrefdenas at Paris and all thatknow her, agree fhe is highly to be valued for herSentiments.
Antoimtia of Licbtenjlein, Countefs of Wallen-.
fteiny isWife to LeopeldCount de fValletiftein,here-tofore Great Mafter of the Queen's Houfhold a
Lady both belovd and honour'd at this place, for
her Virtues and civil Deportment and as fhe is
preparing to follow her Hufband into Silefia, fhewill carry with her the Efleem of their Majefties,and leave the Court forry for her Abfence.
XVI. Of the Foreign Minijlen who rejîde atthis Court,
Francis-Cbarks Count de Wratîjlaw, one ofthe Emperor's Privy Council, and Knight ofthe Orders of RuJJia and Poland, refides at thisCourt in quality of Ambaffador from his Imperialand Catholic Majefty. He is defcended from oneof the greateft Families in the Kingdom of Bo-
bentia, and a Family which has given wife Mini-fters to the augufl Houfe of Aujtria. This Gen-tleman has beenfora long time in the Managementof the moft important Affairs He was Ambaf-fador for the Kingdom of Bobemiato the Dyet ofthe Empire at Ratifie» From thence he went inthe fame Charaâer to Poland, wherehe v.asprefentat the Dyet of Grodno. The Emperor afterwards
nam'd him Great Mafter of the Houfhold to thePrincefs Royal and Electoral, now Queen ofPoland. The Count having worthily acquittedt^imlelf ojfthat Office, was for fevera.1Years Am.
154 Prefent State of
who
baflador at Ruffia, where he concluded that happyAlliance fubfifting between the two Empires, and
acquired the Efteem of the Emprefs, who ho-noi -'d him with her Order of Sr. Andrew-, Au-
gttfiuj Il. having beforegiven him that of the White
Eagle.This Minitter, fince his Return from Mufcovy,
has moreover been cbarg'd by the Emperor wich
important Commiflions to the Courts of Pruffia,
Brunjwic, and Holfkein.At length he is corne back
again to this Court, as Ambaffador from his Im-
perial and Catholic Majefty and officiates alfo as
Great Mafter of the Queen's Houfhold. This
Nobleman is of a middlingStature, ofa happy Phy-fiognomy, is civil, beneficent, and loves Grandeur
and Pleafures, but does not abandon himfelf to
them fo far as to neglcét thé Interefts of hisMafter,whofe Affairs he negociateswith a noble Candour
which has render*d him as much efteem'd at the
Courts where he has refided, as he is beloved for
his Affability and Politenefs. His Wife is the
Countefs ofÏGnski, whofe Father wasGreat Chan-
cellorof Bobemia,under the Emperor Leopoldyand
whofe Brother is now in that Office under the moft
Auguft Charles VI.
Hermam-Cbarles Kejferling, Plenipotentiary Mi-
nifter from the Emprefs ot the Ruffians, is of a
Family of Note in Courtaud. He ftudy'd at Ko-
ningsbergin Pruffia. After he had vifited the prin-
cipal Couresof Germatij^ and return'd ta his own
Country, he was made Gentleman of the Bed-
Chamber to the Dutchefs of Courland^Aime of
Mufcovyythe prefent Emprefs, who employd him
in feveral Commiflîons to the Courts of Pruffiaand
Paland. Neverthelefs he quitted her Service for
one of the judicial Officesin that Country.When Anne came to the Throne, the States of
Courlanddeputed M. Keyferling to that Princefs,
the Court«/Saxony. 155
in
whooffer'd him an Employment at her Court, and
appointed him Vice-Prefident of the Chamber of
Juftice of the RuffianEmpire. Some time after,Jhe made him Prefident of the Academy of Sci-ences at Peterskourg, and fent him to this Court,whcre he difeharges his Minifteria] Officewith uni-ve,rfalApprobation. The Wife of this Minifter is
theDaughter ofthe Staroft Ftrcbs,who, for oppofingthe Pretenfionsof a certain Power which challeng'dmore Refpeft, wasaflaûlnated at Mittaw. Both heand his Lady are of the Lutberan Communion.
Jobn-Hartmg-Ernefty Baron of Bernfdorff%Gen-tleman of the Bed-Chamber to the King of Dm-
mark, and hisMajeftys Envoy at this Court, is ofa Family which ispoffefs'd of a fineEftate in Meck-
lenbourg, and has given an able Minifter to theHoufe of Hanever. The Envoy, of whom men-tion is hère made, does honour to his Chara&er, andbehaves with a Prudence not inferior to Miniftcrsof the greateft Experience.
By the Detail I have now given you, Sir, youmuft have obferv'd that the chief Employmentsof the Court are in the hands of Foreigners, and
that Saxons have little to do in Affairs of State,for which they are oblig'd indeed to the Count de
flemmng. This vain, haughty, and imperiousMinifter expefted every one fliou'd truckie tohim. He found that Foreigners were much morefubmiffive than the Saxons, who are by nature
ftately, and Enemies to Slavery in any lhape.Count Fîemmng being dead, it*sprobable that theSaxonswill be more employ'd than they have beenand indeed they have Capacities equal to any Na-tion in the World. They are well made, robuit,
agile, laborious, good Soldiers, cunning Courtiers.
They havenaturallymoreSpirit than theFrwf ballow
to the Germonsj they improve in théSciences, and
ic6 D R E S D E N.
valtly
in bodily Exercifes, and they have good Writers
among them upon ail forts of Subjefts witncfs theWorks of M. Ltifoti/z, the famons Philofopher,and of ttomajiks, one of the moft able Civilians ofhis time. The Saxonsare addifted indeed to allPleafures in gênerai, but to none fo much as theBottle and Gaming. They love Pomp and Ex-
pence, and are naturally not very engaging, beingexceeding ceremonious, and afiècting more than ailtheGermonsto ape theFrencb, with whom they fym-pathile very much, particularly in their Fondnefsfor new Falhions, their Forwardnefs to make new
Acquaintance and Friendihips, and perhaps too intheir Readinefs to fall out with them upon very tri-vial OccaAon.
Since I have fpoke fo much of the Men, I muftalfo give you fome account of the Saxon Women.
They are ail of a fair Complexion, and there are
among them the fineft Faces in the World. Theyare gencrally well fhap'd too, which is what theyare chiefly taken notice of for They are tall andflender they dance well, and have a furprifinggenteel Air, which they take great care to improveby rich Drefs. One Fault 1 find with them is, that
they are very affcfted, and that they have too muchAftion when they talk. As to their Tempers,they are reckon'd to begood-natur'd but then theyare fubtile and crafty. They love Drefs and Orna-ment more than ail Women that I everfaw. Theyare lively and gay, and paffionately fond of Dan-
cing and Merriment. When they are told that
they are handfome, they are fo far from being fur-
priz'd that they look upon it as a Compliment dueto them. When once they love, they love withTendernefs and there are among them fuch Ex-
amples of Conftancy as would eclipfe even a CUo-
patra, or a délia. Thefe heroic Sentiments ofLove they Icarn from Romances, which they are
D R E S D E N. 157
often
4
raftly fond of: But this muft be faid to their Ho-
nour, that Gallantry does not take up fo much of
their Time and Thoughts as to make them neglecttheir Bufincfs for they are laborious, dextrous,and amufethemfelves with all forts of Work. Theydo every thing too with a good Grace and in aword it may be added to their Praife, that a SaxonWomanwants nothing more to make her amiable,but an Inclination to acquire that Character.
Pleafures and Récréations commonly attend the
Ladies fo clofely, that in treating of the one 1
can't but remember the other; and the Inhabitantsof Drefdenare fo much devoted to Pleafures, that1 think 1 ought to put them into a feparate Article.When the King is at Drefdenthere are Pleafures in
abundance, fuch as Plays, Mafquerades, Balls,
Feafts, Running at the Ring, and Races on Sleds,Turnaments, Hunting-Matches but when the
King is va Poland there'» a very great Vacuum.
The Electoral Prince and Princefs are often àt
Werm$etfft aliasHubertsbourç and even when
their Royal Highncflès are m Town, they are
pretty retu'd They fce Company while they areat Dinner, but for the reft of the day none cornenear them befides the few that have the honour oftheir Confidence. The reft are fcatter'd up anddown the Town to tht great Difappointment of
Foreigners that happen then to be here for there'sno body keeps open Houfe, they being ail felectSocieties to which *tis very difficult to gain admit-tance. If one is invited to dine with fome Lordof the Court, one bas a good Dinner 'tis true, butafter Dinner is over a Man knows not how to be-ftow himfelf. One is fure of finding Company nowhere except at the Houfesof Madame de Breben-tau theWidpw- of the great Treafurer of Poland,and of the Countcfs de Lagnafco nor are theirHoufa always opcn, for Madame it Brebentau is
15** D R ESD E Û.
5ready
5
often fick, and Madame de Lagnafcooften abroacLor engagM in Parties with the Electoral Princefi,and then oneknows not where to go for there's noPlay te be feen, and as for the young People, theyamufe themfelves with the common Pleafures ofthat Stage of Life; they drink; they game, anddo foniethifig more.
When the King is at Drefden, the People par-take in moft of the Pleafuresof the Court, the
ge-nerality of the Entertainments which the Kinggives being public. Plays and
Mafqueradesare
free for any People of Fafliion; there s nothing topay, andalldivert themfelves as they like beft.The Citizens Wives are more tractable here thanin any Town in Germarty: They love to imitate theLadies of Quality, and'ris fometimes as good as aComedy to feewhat Airs they give themfelves.
Theyarc extremely fond ofDreffing, whichLuxu-rious Tafte extends even to Wives of the Me-chanics, and ofthe Livery fo that were a Strangerto come hither on a Sunday or a Holiday, whenevery bodyisdrels'd, he wou'dbe tempted to thinkûaxPlutus had fcatter*dail hisWealth among thefePeople and a very great Nobleman, who'tis likewas not acquainted with the God Pùttttst returninghome once from Drefden, told his Wife that he wascorne from a City to which the Devil had carryid ailthe Money.
The Parfons here do indeed cry aloud againftthefe Aboies, but the worft on't is, that like theClergy in many other Places, they preach what theydotft praâife andwhile they are deckiming againft
Luxury and new Fâchions, they fuffer theirWivesand Daughters to be the firft to fet offtheir Charmswith the gayeft and the neweft Patterns.
While I am fpeaking of the Paftors, I muft bea little moreparocular. Thefe Gentlemen ftand
very high in thç Opinion of the Laity, and are
Dresde n. icq
Shc
ready to think themfelves Bithops. Having fuchNotions as thefe in their Heads, they anathematifeall that are not Lutberans The Catbolicsand the
Reform'dy or, to fpeak as they do, the Papijls and
CahnmftSf all Chriftians in mort who are of a con-
trary Opinion to thofe charitable Ecclefiaftics aredatnn'd without Mercy. Yet by the Appearanceof thefe fevere Judgcs, one would think they
preach'd only Peace and Paradife; and they havefuch a meek, humble, modeft, and timorous Air,that you wou'd be apt to take them for Saints.
A fewdays ago I had an Adventure with one of
thofe Clergymen, which I will acquaint you of,becaufe I think it may give you an Idea of their
Charaâer for he that feesone of them, feesall.1 happen'd to be making a Vifit to a Lutbe-
ran Lady, who paffes for a very devout one
There was already a pretty deal of Company, andwho ihould corne in to add to it but a Minifter thatwas a Do&or, and by confequence a Man of Im-
portance; as fuch too he wasreceivdby the Miftrefsof theHoufe, who fûd to me as foon as fhe faw his
Face, TonwiUnowfeea bolyMan. The good Man,or Saint, ashe wou'd be reckon'd, enter'd the Roomwith his Eyes caft downward, making profoundReverences, andproftrating himfelfin fucha manneras if he had faid Dominenonfum dignus. At laft,after a great many Compliments, he fat down, was
filent for a few Moments, and then he fpoke. HisWords were all facred, and his Sentencesfuchasif the wife Man himfelf had fpoke with his LipsGodbe prais'd was in every Phrafe, and he washearken'd to with as much Attention asan Oracle.
1 liften'd to him firft like the reft, but at length 1
thought 1 might as well talk to a pretty young--Lady that fat juft by me. The Doftor oflfendedto fee the little Regard 1 paid to what he faid,cnquir*dof the Miltrefs of the Houfe who 1 was.
I 60 î> R E S D E N.
Poperyjà
Shetold hiin myName, and withal that 1wasonceCalvinifti but that 1 was turn'd Papift. What aThunder-flroke wasthis to the Doftor He threwhimièlf to the back of his Chair, lifted up his
Eyes to Heaven* figh'd, and cry'd out, Das Gottnbarme, i. e. Gâdbelpusi Then tranfported by aFit of Zeal, he turn'd about to me and aflt'd mewhat had induc'd me to embrlce a Religion whichhe treated as Idolatry ? I told him that 1 did notthink he need to give himfelf any Trouble about
my Converfion4 finceaccording to his Syftem I wasdamn'd when a Cahhtift as wellas whena Gatkolic;Tbe Cafe is not quite the fame, faid the Minifter jbutto turn Papift! cry'd he, to adoreBaal! totè-comea Difciple of Anticbrift! al as! it were betterto be a damti'd Calvinift! 1 own that 1 had mucha-do to help laughing outright at the Minifter's im-
pertinent Zeal yet I had theDifcretion to contain
myfelf, for I had a mind to fee to what length hewou'd carry his fanôify'd Rant. He faid indeed a
great deal, and becaufe 1 made no Anfwer, he
thought he had convinc'd me, if not tôuch'd me to
the quick. Hé wasaftually applaudinghimfelf forthe good Work he had wrought upon my Soûl,when 1 told him that he ought not to concludefrom my Silence that he had convinc'd me that itneither confifted with my Charaéter nor my Temperto difpute about Religion, that 1 left everyMan tohis own Opinion, and that knew which to adhereto. Wbat Blindftefsis hère cry'd the Doftor a-
gain, Wbat a mad Papift are y ou? Ifyouwillnotbeof our Communion, return to the Religion wbicb
,youbave abandon'd, in wbicb tbere are faméHopesat
leaft tbat Godwill pardon you.The fanaticalDoftor concluded hisEtclamations
by a Prayer, in which he begg'd God to preferveevery good Lutterait Soûl from the Errors of
Dresden. 161
Vol. L M LET«
Popery and then he went away, leaving the Com-
pany more fcandaliz'd than edify'd by his Zeal.
Formerly the Preachers had the pleafure of vent-
ing their Choler in the Pulpit, but the King by awife Decree,, which indeed ought to be followed inall Countries, has confin'd them to the Preaching ofthe Gofpel, and to treat of ControverfialMatters no
farther than is merely neceffaryfor the People's In-
ftruction. For the reft, the Parfons need not fear
being foon fupplanted, for the Saxons are heartyLutterons j and if they tolerate the Catholics, 'tis
becaufe they cant help it. They have excluded
them from Offices in the Courts of Judicature,and from the Privilege of enjoying Lands but
they have not been able to keep them out of Placesin the Miniftry, or at Court, nor from Employ-mentsin the Army, which are three very engagingArticles to make Profelytes among the Gentry.
Thus, Sir, you have ail that I can fay^to yourelating to Drefdenand Saxony. 'Tis now high timeto put an end to my Legend. I kifs your hand, and
am,fc?f.
1 62 CoUîltF L E MMI NG.
LETTER Vî.
S I R, Weimar,Sept.S. ^V).
BEFORE1 write you an account of what
bscnmeof me when 1 left Dre/den, I ifaatl
endeavour to give you the Intelligence youdefire concerningthe late Countde Flemmittg,Prime
Minier and Velt-Marfhal oîSaxony. That Noble-
man was of a good Extrait ion, being defcended of
a Family whichpretends to derive its Origin from
that of Flemming, which has been of confiderable
Rankforalongtimein5«//)iï»< Sweden, Germany*and Poîand. My Lord l1d'igtounis the Chief of that
Fâmify in Stctland,
James-HenryCount iè Fïemming, whofe Pour-traiture and Gharaôcryou defire of me, was bornthe 8th of Marcb 1667. His Father was Pre-fident of the Regency of Stargardt the Capital of
Prujfian Potnerania, whohad threcSons, of whomthis Count wasthe fecond. He had an Educationfuitable to his Birth. He ftudy'd firft at Francfortupon the Oder*,and afterwards at Utrecbt underthé celebrated Gr*vws> wfeere he learntLatin tofuch a degreethat healwaysfpoke it with very greatEloquence. After he had finifh'd his Studiesheenter'd into the Serviceof Brandenbourg, where theBaron de Span, his Uncle by the Mother's fide, was
Velt-Mar1hal. His firft Preferment was to a Pair
of Colours; but in a litde, time he had a Companygiven him, which he commandedat the Battle of
Ortajfan'va. Piedmont. In 1694, he enter'd as a
Lieu-
Count f l e m m t n é, 161
M z ted
Lieutenant-Colonel into the Serviceof jobn-Georgée
IV. Eleftôrof Saxony-, ùpori wliofe Death, andthe Succeflionof Frédéric-Juguftus, Flemmingob-tain'd a Regiment, and accompariy'd the new E-îedtor into Hungary^ where he commanded the
Emperor's Army agairift the Infidels during thé
Campaigns of 1695, and 1696. There it was that
Flemmingkill'd in a Duel the Baron de Lovel, whdwas Lieutenant-Colonel iri the Service of Saxony.In 1697, he was fent into Poland, where, bytheIntereft of his Couûn-german, thé Daughteïof Velt-tàirfhal Spto of Btrlin, Wife of M.Brebentau Palatine of Màrienbottrg, who died
Great Treafurer of Peland, and by the Credit of
BenediB Sapiehahe had the Happinefs of gettinghis Maftcr diôfé King of Poland, This Negotnation obtain'd him the Poft of Major-General, andlaid the Foundation of -hisFortune. In 1 700, he
was made a Lieutenant-General, and in that Qua-
lity laid fiege to Riga, which the King of SweaeH
oblig'd him to nrife. In 1702»Hemarry*dSapieba,a Daughter of ohe of the chief Noblcmen of Li-
tbttama. He was wounded the fame Year at dis
Battle oîClifchboffyat whichtime the King of Sweden
being every where viftorious, demanded that the
King of Peland fhou*ddeliver up Flemmingto him.
But upon this hc rerir*dto Brandenbourgytill KingStaniflaushad made Charles XII. eafy. Flemmingbeing return'd to Saxony, fought a Duel with M.
de Scbulembourg,who giving him a Fall, infifted
that he lhould beg his Life but Flemming gotout of this ugly Scrape by a fcurvy Joke, and
Scbulembourggave him his Life. The latter was a
younger Lieutenant-General than Flemming,but in
every refpeâ: his Rival, and wou'd have been a
Marfhal if hisFortune had been as good as his Va-
lour. At the Battle of Frauenftad in 1 705, where
he was defeated by the Swedes, Scbuleinbourgquit-
1 64 Count Flemming.
for
ted theServiceof Saxonyand went into that oîVeniee.
By this means Flemming^who had now no Rival
left, was made a Marinai, and happcn'd to be at
Drefdenwhen the King ofSweden made that ftrangcVifit to the King of Polaxd; at which time, if Au-
gufius had been as ungenerous as Flemming.,Charleswou'd have been detain'd. Many People accufe
Flemmingof having perfuaded the King his Mafterto deliver up Patkul This 1 can't prétend to af-
firm, but that there was a mortal Antipathy betwixt
him and the Minifter of Ruffiais certain for thelatter having prefènteda Memorial to the King of
Poland, fetting forth the wretched condition of the
MufcoviteTroops in the Pay of Saxony,concludedit with thefe Latin Words,
DJXI, ET Salvavi Anïmam.
Which Memorial, when Flemminghad read, andfound himfelfnot very well ufedin it, he took a Penand underwrote thefe Words,
MALEDIXISTI, ET Damnaberis.
After the Difafter which Charles XII. met withnear Pultowa, Flemmingcontributed very much tothe Re-eftablifliment of King Auguftusin Peland.He confirm'd the Alliance betwixt his Mailer andthe Czar, made Peace with the Confederates, andconcluded another Alliance with Denmark. TheCzar and the King of Denmarkhonour'd him withtheir Orders of Knighthood, and he had that ofPolanà before. He went Ambaffador to the un-fuccefsfulCongrefs at Brunfwicyand wasafterwardsat Hanover to attend George I. King of Great Bri-tain. When the King of Sweâenreturn'd to Po-
merania, Flemmingleft no Stone unturn'd to drawthe King of Pruffiainto hisMafter's Alliance. Hehad fome Years before procur'd him the Sequeftra-tion of the Town of Stetin, and 'twas lucky enough
Count F L E M M I N G. 165
M 3 Saxonjt
for him that the Pride andObftinacy of the King ofSwedenobliged theKing of Pruffiato declarehimfelfh's Enemy. At that time Flemmingwas rather aCourier between Drefden, Berlin, and Warfawythan an Ambaffador and Prime Minifter, which
Dignity he enjoy'd after the Death of the Prince de
Furfiemberghis Predeceflbr. When the Peaceof theNorth was fettled, Flemming went Ambaffador to
Vienne, where he concluded the Marriage of theElectoral Prince of Saxottywith the Archduchefs,eldeft Daughter to the Emperor Jofepb, tho* theContraft had been fettled before by the Count de
Wackeriartb, who it may.be faid had the Pains to
negotiate it, and Flemmingthe Glory of finifhing it.At this time Count Flemminghad refign'd all the
Salaries of his Employments in Saxony,and onlyrefervM to himfelf the private Perquifites and theFranchife of the Poft-Offices and his Journeys,which were very fréquent, were all at the Expenceof the King. It was about this time that he caus'dhis Marriage with Sapieba to be difTolv'd, and
marry'd one Radzevil, by whom he had a Son,who was but a Year and a half old when the Countdied at Vienna, to whichplace he wasreturn'd withthe Character of Ambaflador. He left all his E-
ftate to this Child, without making any Intail onhis Family i fo that when this Son died, who did
not long furvive him, his Eftate went to Madamede Flemming,who by marrying again carry'd theBulk of it into another Family. They fay that his
Inheritance was worth fixteen Millions of Crowns,exclufive of what he had expended dur ing the
Splendor ofhis Fortune, which lafted thirty Years,or thereabouts. Whether Richelieuand Mazarine
got greater Eftates, 1 cannot fay but in Germmythere is not an Inftance of one fooner acquir'd,more refplendent, and better fupported than his
was He was Prime Minifter, Velt-Marflial of
j66 Count F u m m i n c.
nrlt,
Saxo/ty,and Maftjr of the Horfe of Lithuania bywhich Offices he gain'd immenfeSums. He madccpnfidcrablc Purçhafes in Silefia and Poland, but
verylittle in Saxeny. Whether he left any thingto thé King is not faid tho' he ought really to havemade him fome Reftitution, and he might naturallyhave given up wirh a good Grace what he cou'dnot but forefce wou'd be taken by force from his
Heir. As jt was juft that his Succeflion fhou'd
pafs thro' the Purgatory ofa ChambreArdente, the
j^ing eftabljlh'd one, which *cisfaid has adjudg'deight Mijlions to his Majefty, and the fatne to hisWidpwj which is a very fair Dividend.
Count Flmmiug was taller than ordinary, but a
handfome Man h^ehad very regtilar Features, a
îively pye, a dil^ainful Sneer, a haughty Air, andhp was reaJlv proud, and beyond meafure ambi-
tioaç. Y\t yas generous to a.degree of Oftentation,and alwayç airn'^ to dq fpmething to be talk'd of,(je was vigilant, laborious, indefatjgaUe, ajlow'dhimfejf litrfe Sleepj and whenever he took 4Debauçh, a Nap of two Hours fet him to rightsagain. It vas no more for him to go from a Dc-
bayçh to Bufinefs,.than from Bufinefi to a De-
bajiçh. and he neverfatigu'd himfeJf",but difpatch'dthé greateft Affairs with fo much Éqfe as if theyw^reonly a piverfîpn. Helov*<itp banter, but didnot always make ufe of thé Terms fuitable to hisC^aradcr and Perions who did not dare to anfwerjbimagain, wercçommonly the Buttsof hjsRaillery,J^iewaspolicewhen hc had a mind to it, Lut in thé
gênerai Courte ofhis Behaviour he earry'd an Airfitter for a Captain of Dragoons than for a Marlhal!ittçra Primeç.' ap?io.of~g(J. .~nfora M'iH'lhalaad a Prime R^inifter. Ife never djd a thing fo^any body wijthoutfome Viewj be fçrupl'd neither
Ciinning nor çven ^erjury, and pjovided he couldgain hjs Ends, ail ways were a.}ikefajr to him. Alj
lÂfeÔÂe h tÇpk care t« &,hi§p,w$Çufinj?^
Altenbourg. 167
M 4 Sec2
firft, and then his Mafter'sthe King's and I queftionwhether I do him any Injuftice il 1 fay that he was
the King of Pruffiah Minifter, much more than ihs
King of Poland'
This, Sir, is all that I have to fay to you concern-
ing Count Flemming. 1have told you very nakedlywhat 1 always thought of him, and I don't believe
that I hâvemiftaken his Chara&er. Bethis as it will,
my Decifion is of too little weight to do either
Good or Harm; the Publick will always judge of
him according to their bcft Information. 1 pro-ceed now with the Narrative of my Travels.
After I had fet out from Brefden I went to Al-
Unbourgin hopes of finding the Court of Gotba
there, which 1 had been told, intended to (pendthe Remainder of the fine Seafonthere but it was
fet out the Night before for Gotba, where I hopeto feeit to-morrow.
'The City of ALTet*BOURGis the Capitalof a Coun-
ty of that Name, of which*heDuke of Saxe-Gothais the Sovereign. This Prince has a Palace therewhich makes a handibme appearance, but I fhall
fay nothing more of it becaufe1 negkéled to goand fee it. The Peafants of the County of Ilten-
bourgare the richeft in Germany, and may almoft
vye with thofe of Holland. I have been affur'd
that fomeof them have given 20 or 30000 Crowns
in Marriage-with their Daughters; and like the
Dutcb Peafants, they take care to match them td
none but the Sonsof fubftantial Farmers.As I left AltenbourgI came upon a fine Caufey
with a Row of Trees on each fide, which broughcme to the Frontiers of the County. 1 afterwardsfell into very bad Roads all theway to Leipfic, whcre
1 ftay'd but a very few Hours, and proceededthé
famé day to Mersebovrg. This City was much
more confiderable formerly than naw. It was the
t68 MERS ebourg.
See of a Bilhop, but was fcculariz'd by the Treatyof PaJJaw in favour of the Houfe of Saxony. Its
Situation is charming, with Gardens and Meadows
ail round it, and itsWalls are wafli'd by the River
Sala. Thé gréât Church which was formerly a Ca-
thedral is a GotbicBuilding, where there is aftatclyTomb of the Emperor Redclpbof Scbwartzbowrg*who died after he had loft one Hand in a Battle he
fought with the Emperor HenryIV. with whom he
was Competitor. This Prince a few Moments be-
tore heexpir*d, took up his Hand that wascut off,and holding it up to thofe who were about him,Jàid to them, Beholdtbis Hand; 'tis tbe fame tbat
I Hftedupwben I promis*d Faltb andAllegianceto
my Emperorand Lord but by y surAàvice and In-
ftigation I bave not kept my Promfe to bim, fortvbicby ouwill oneiay givean aecountto God. Some
time after this unfortunate Prince's Death, the Em-
peror Henry IV. coming to Merfebourgand takinga view of RodoIpbuSsTomb, of which he admirMthe Magnificence, certain Flatterers told him thatthe Tomb ought to be deftroy*d as too pompousfor a Rebel; but the Emperor fcoming fuch a piti-fill Revenge, made anfwer, ff^eu'dto Gadtbat all
my Encmieswere /bus pompoujlyinterr*d.
The City of Merfebourgis the Refidence of aDuke of the Houle of Saxc/ty,who is Sovereign ofail the Country that formerly conftituted the Bi-
Hioprick, which enables him to keep a fplendidCourt*. The next dayafter my Arrivai Ihad theHonour to pay him my Compliments, and had a
very lâtisfaÀory Réception. The Prince conduftedme into a Hall which was hung with Bais-Violsfrom the Bottom to the Top, in the famé manneras anArfenal is with Helmets and Breaft-Plares. Inthe middle of the Hall there wasa Viol which was
di-
TheDukeoSMtrfiieurgdïedin 1731,tad wasfucceededbyhisUnde,theDukedeSfrinierg.
M E RS EBOUR G. 169
• And
diftinguifh'd fromthe reft. It reach'd up to the very
Cidtng, and therewasaLadder fet, whichfuchashad
theCuriofity to take a particular Viewof it wereob-
lig'd to afcend, for furely it wasthe moft ftately In-
ftrument ofthe kind that everwasmade. The Duke
made me take particular notice of it, and waspleas'dwith the Admiration which I exprefs'd of it. He
regal'd me alfo with fome Airs upon another Bals-Viol which he call'd his Favorite, and which was
but one fourth part asbig as the other.
After this Concert 1 din'd with the Duke and
Duchefs. This Princefs is the Daughter of thelate Prince of Najpm-Idfteint than whom there
cannot be a more amiable Lady. She has an Airof Mildnefs, Goodnefs and Prudence difiùfedoverall her Features; and her Wit is of the fame
Stamp as her Beauty, amiable without Parade andOftentation. Someof her Courtiers aflur'd me,-thather Mind isas charming as her Perfon. If that be
true, which I am loth to doubt of, this Princefsde-fervesa more fplendid Fortune than what fhe enjoys.
After Dinner, 1 wasone at a Match of Quadrillewith the Duchefs, and at night there was dancing,and 1 never faw any body dance with a better Gracethan this Princefs. The Bail held till the Nightwas far advanced, when there wasa grand Supper,which was no fooner over than 1 took leave of theDuke and Duchefsand retir*dto my Quarters, witha defign to fet out in a few Hours and proceed in
my Journey. At my Lodging 1 found a Gentle-man from the Duke, who faid to me, That as hewas pafling by he faw my Men packing up my
things, and that therefore he came in purely towifl» me a good Journey. He a me thathe had a fecret Kindnefs for me that I mightfàfely take his Word that he was Sincerity it
felf and that he wifh'd 500000 Devils mightl twift his Neck if he was not heartily my Friend
ijo Mersibourg.
pre-
And to give you proofs of it, faid be, I wilt treat
you with fome Triflc, fuch as a Dram of An-
« nifeed, Orange-Water, or Ratafia. Upon my« word my Apothecary has what is choice good
hc lives but at the end of the Street; Corne, Iwill ihew you the way to his Houfe.'While he harangu'd me in thismanner he reeld,
being fo drunk that he cou'd not ftand. 1 thank'd
him therefore for hisLove, and told him that 1 did
not drink Drams, but that if hc had a mind to any
Liquor of that fort, I would fend for fome for him •,and I bidmy Landlord tetch it. The Apothecary,as ill luck would have it, was not yet got up.
Soho, hère, faid tirjntw Friend., there is nothingto drink but Aquavite; here, Landlord, aGlafs
of Brandy, Pipes and Tobacco. You muft have
fomething, faid bey to be doing.' Every thinghe call'd for being brought, my Gentleman drank
two or three Glaflès of Brandy, and fmoak'd
as many Pipes of Tobacco. I hoped to fée him
tumble down, and by confequence to get rid
of him, when he took it into his head to call for
fome Difhes of Tea that 1 had order'd to be made
for my felf, and which made him fo fober that
he recover*d his Reafon. 1 laid hold of this
happy Interval (for I heard him calling out for
Brardy, which 1apprehended would occafiona Re-
lapfe) and talk'd to him about his Mafter*s Bafs»
Viols; upon which, without much Intreaty, he
faid to me, You know. Sir, that every Man al-
moft bas hisparticular Whim, Princes as well as
private Perfons. One is an Admirer of Magnifi-cence, another ofTroops, and a third of Miftrcflês.
As for my auguft Mafter, his Fancy ruifi onlyon BaÉ-Viols, and whoever follicits him for an
Employment or anyotherFavoar, can'tdobetrer
than to accpmmodatehis Arfenalwithoneofthefe
Inftruments. That verylarge one faid be, which
you faw in the Room whcre all his Viols are, was
Na" «BWU.n *711
Rights
prefcnted to him by one who wanted to be a
Privy-Counfellor his Pétition wasgranted, and
had he aflt'd for any thing elfe he might havehad it.' This officious Gentlemantold me a great
many other Particulars which let me into the veryChronkle of the Court of Mcrftbourg but I don'ttrouble you with it, becaufe the Truth is not to betold at all rimes,
My Equipage being rçady, I fet out for Naum-
BOuro, where 1 arrived at Noon. This City was
formerly the Seeof aBifhop. Its ancient Cathedral
$ ftill ftanding, and tho' Luther* has a Chapterand Canons who muft prove their Nobility both bythe Father's fide and Mother's fide, by flrteen De-
fcents. When this Bift»oprick was feculariz'd it
was faid that no Catholic Prince could ever be
poffefs'd of this State. Therefore when the laft
Duke of Saxe-Zeits, Adminiftrator of Naumbmrgyturn'd Catholic, the King of Poland as eldeft of
the Saxon Family and Exécuter of the Paffa or
Conventions ma4e between the Princes of that Fa-
mily, took poffeffipnof Ndvmbttnr. The Duke's
being reconcilt-dto the Lutheran Communion was
to no purpofe, the King did not reftore his Domi-
nions to hun, but ftill pofieflbthem, tho' he is more
a Catholic than the Duke of Ztits perhaps everwas. You know that this Prince bas left a Ne-
phew who would have been his Heir, if hehad not
been a Catholic and a frieft. This is the Prince
who, 1 acquainted you from Drefden, was Bifhoppf Konigjgratzin Bohemia.He wasborn a Luttera»as are ail thofe of his Family. His Uncle the Car-
dinal of Saxe, Brother to the Duke of Zeits, made
him çmbràce the Roman Catholic Religion when
he was very young, and afterwardsperluaded him
to enter into Eccleûaitical Orders, by which ftc-p
he deprived his î«Iephcw of the glorious Preroga-pvçot being a Sovcreign Prince, and transferredhis
m. iW «. 1 M A K.
Thé
Rights to the K ing of Polartdhïs diilant Coufin.
Naumbourg is famous for its Pairs, which nexcto thofeof LeipftCyare the moft confiderable in &«-
<7Hjr.The Suburbs of this City are almoft ail Vine-
yards but why, I know not, for the Wine is fo
deteftably bad, that they give it away in a mannerfor nothing.
Finding nothing at Naumhmrgwhich was worth
my while to ftay there for, 1 onJy chang'd Horfesand came hither. As one approaches this Place,we meet with Corn-Fields and Hop-Grounds in.ftead of Vines, and the Country rifes into Hills, fothat one doesnot feethe Town of Wbimar till we
arejuft upon it. This City, which isnot more con-fiderable than Naumbourgyis the Refidenceof taeDukeof Saxe-fVeimarywho has a Palace here whichdoesnot want for Magnificence, and tho' unfinifli'd,bas an air of Grandeur. The Connoiilèurs in Ar-
chitecture highly extol the grand Stair-Cafe there,which two Perfons may afcend and descend at thefamé time without meeting one another, and yet al-
ways keeping cach other in view. It confiftsof two
Flights of Stairs upon one Spindle, laid one over
the other in the fame Well of a fquareForm. The
Curious who have obfêrvM it, admire it, becaufe
there are few fuch to be ièen.The great Hall which is an oval, is beautiful,
but not lighrfomeenough. There are the Piclures
of all the Dukes oîSaxe-Wàmar at full length, fromthe firft Duke rhat ever was down to the Fatherof rhe prefcnt. They are all drawn or Horfeback,and done by no mean Hand.
In the fame Palace is the Dukes Library, which
tho' not very large, confiftsof fundry fcarceBooks.
'Tis open twice a week, when the Curious are not
only pcrmitted to perufe them, but even to borrow
them, upon leaving a Note with the Librarian.,
W I M A R. 173
The Duke of Weimarfpendsvery little Time inhis Capital, but commonly refides at a Seat whichhe has caus'd to be built about a League out ofTown. He has given it the Name of Belle-,Vue,becaufe of the fine Prolpeft which it commandsfrom the Apartments of the firft Story. TheHoufe is fmall and not very commodious, fc thatthe chief Beautyof it is its Situation, which is verycharming. The Gardens which are begun uttanvery good Plans wi!l be beautiful when finim'd,as well as the Pheafant-Walk and Ménagerie wherethere are Turkeys and all forts of Fowl.
The Duke offfreimar*sName is Emeft-AugufittsHe is the eldeft of the Erneftine Branchwhich loftthe Eleftorate when Charles V. wasEmperor. He
marry'd a Princefsof Ânbalt-Cotben, who 1 havebeen told, wasa Lady of diftinguilh'd Merit. Shedied and left him a Son and three Daughters.
The young Prince is about ten Years of ageHe can neither hear nor pronounce well, and iswithal of a very tender Conftitution. The Phy-ficiansfay it fignifiesnothing, und that as he grows
up he will acquire a Freedom of Speech. But 1
queftion it, and am apt to think rather that thofe
Difciplesof JEfculafius will fend him into the otherWorld. The only Hopes of any Male Iffue ofWeimar are founded upon this Child. The Dukeof Saxe.Eyfenachwho is the next a-kin has no Chil-
dren fo that the Dominions of Weimar and Eyfe-nacb too are ready to devolveto the Family of Saxe-
Gotha, The Duke of Weimar**Subjeétsteaze him
very much to marry, but the Prince does not feemto be in a Humour to fatisfythem for I have oftenheard him fay that he can't bear the mention of
Marriage.NoNo
ThisPrincediedin 1732-
174 W l m a
Coffec,
No body prefutnes to go to Belle-Vuewithout
being fènt for, exceptonlyon Mtnd&jswhenpoorPeople arc pef mietedto go thither with their Pé-titionswhich they deliver to the Secretary, and he
givesthem to the Duke. Perfonsof Quality, whe-ther Foreigncrsorothers, that havea m mdtofpeakwith the Duke, apply for it to the Marinai of the
Court, but are feldomadmitted to an Audience.The Duke basrarelyanyotherCompanyat Èette-
Vutbut twoyoung Ladieswhomhe callshisMaid»of Honour, and three young Women, Cirizens
Daughters, who go by the Name of his Chambcr-
Maids a Major of hisTroops, and the OfficerofhisGuard, who »a Lieutenantor anEnfigh. I had
forgot to mentionthe Baron deBrtiBl, whois theDuke's Favoarite and his Mafter of theHorfe.
'Tis with thdc Perfonsthat the Prince paflèshisTime. He waketearlyin theMorning, but makesit Iatebeforehe rifesfor he takeshisTca in Bed,and fometimesplayson dieVioiin. At other tùncshe fendsforlwArchitcâsandGardeners,withwhomhe amufeshimfclfin drawingofPlans. His Miniftcrsalfocometo himwhileheUmBcdto talk uponBufi-nefs. AboutNbon hegm up, andas foonashe is
drefs'd, fecshisGuard mount, whichconfiftsof 33Men, commandedby a Lieutenant or an Enfign. HeexercifeshisSoldiershimfelf,and corttâs them tôowhendtey commitanyFatilt. This done he takesthe Air, and at two or three o'clock fits down to
Table, wheredie twoMaidirofHonour,ûie Maïferrof theHbrfe, theMajor, the Officerofthe Guard,and evenForcignersif any happento be there, areof the Company. The Dinnerholdsa- longwhile,and•risfometimesthree, four, and fiVeHoursbefore
they rife fromTable. The Glafeneverftandsftill
hardly, and the Duke talks a grcat deal, but theConverfationis commonlyon Subjeâs that are not
veryagreeable. When Dinner is over they drink
W E I M A K. I75
has
Coffee, aftcr which the Duke retires for a few Mi-
nutes, and then plays at Quadrille with his two
young Ladies and the Major; but fometimes hedoes nothing but fmoak Tobacco, and he often re-tires to hk Chamber where he amufeshimfelf with
Drawing or elfe playing on the Violin tili he goesto Bed.
There fcarce a Week paflès but the Duke givesan Invitation at leatl once or twice to all thePerlons of Quality of the Court, and all the Officersof his Troops, at which time there are two greatTables fpread, where theydine, play, fup, andaf-terwards dance till next Day.
The Duke*sTroops confiftof a Battalion of 700Men, aSquadronof 180 Troopers, and a Com-
pany of Cadets,on horfeback. His Infantry con-fifts of pick'd Men. Since the famous Bernard deWtimar whowas Penfioner to Lewis XIII. King of
France, no Dukeof Weimar had fo many Troops,and rcally they- muft be chargeable to the Dukewhofe Revenues 'tis faid dont exceed 400000Crowns. This. Prince has made a Treaty whhthe
King of Poland, whereby he engages to aflift thé
Kingwithhis Battalionwheneverlus Majeftvthinksit neceflkry for his Servicej in whichCafethe Kingpromifes to give that Battalion the famc Pay as hedoes his own Troops. Mean timc the Duke is
obliged to clothc them all according to the Patternwhich is fait to him from Drefden-,and indeed theirClothes are very rich, efpeciallythofe of the Officersand Cadets, which are fo bedaub'd wirh Gold andSilverLace, that a-Foreigner whocornes1 to^wwflrcannot but admire it.
The Duke*sFafflil yis very numerous, for befidesthe Prince his Son and the three Princcflès his
Daughters, he has a Sifter, and a Môther-in-law,who is a Prmce&of H~M~o~: Mean time he
176 Weimar.
direcced
hasa numerousCourt, andmay boaftthat {orneofthem are Perfonsof very great Merit.
The Gentlemanwho ts at the Head of Affaireisthe BarondeReinbabe,who has the Title of Prefi*dent of the Councilof State. He is a Perfon of a
goodFamily, inSilefia,basverygreatAbilities,andwithal fo much Good-natureand Modefty as arefeldom to bc met with. When he wasyoung hetravell'd very much abroad, wherehe learnt whatwas valuable in every Country that he came to.He fpeaksfeveralLanguageswe'l, is a great Hi-
ftorian, alearnedCivilian, anda goodPoet. Not-
withftandingtheBufmefsthat gocsthro' hisHands,andhisCareof anumerousFamily, he isalwaysal-moftathisStudies,andneverbetterpleas'dthanwhcnhe is in hisLibrary; yet he is no Enemy to Plea-
fures, but enjoysthemwithout abandoninghimfelfto them, and takes them as they fall in his waywithout purfuing'cm. To finilh hi&Charadber1will add what was faid of him by a Prince whoknew him intimately: If Probitywasintirehf UfiintbereftofMankitii, faid heto me,Itbinkljbatiiefure tofind it againin tbeBaronde Reinbabe.
The BarondeScbmitdelisMarfhal of the Courtand Dire&or of the military Cheft. He is a Per-fon of great Piety, whofeAfpeft is not indeedthemoftengaging, yet a very goodMan to haveto dowith. Heis a unccreFriend, lovesto do a kind
Thing, is exact in the Dutiesof hisOffices, anE-
nemy to Vice, and very much attach'd to the In-terefisofhisMafter, tho' hedoesnot al wayspleafehim becaufehe has not the Talent of DMfimula-tion fo neceflâryat Courts.The Baron de Studenitza Silefianis a Privy-Counfellor, and Prefidentof the Chamber. He-
wasformerlyin the Serviceof the Duke ofSaxe-
Barbi, and afterwardshe enter'd into that of theDuke of Saxe-Hilbtrîlbaufat,whofeFinances he
Weimaîi. jyi
Vol. I. N L E T-
directed for feveral Years, in which he acquired a
Reputation, and came to IVeimarwhere he wascon-tinued in the famé Employment. He is a Gentle-man of very great Learning and Integrity, and
having travell'd a long time in his Youth, very wellknows how to carry himfelf.
M. de Hering is of a noble Family in thé Couiv-
try of Anbaît-Cotben, He is the Duke's Aulic
Counfellor, a Gentleman of Worth, and both
Leamed and Poiite. He is on the point of Ieavingthis Court, which will be a Lofe to the Duke thathe will not eafily repair.
M. de Brubltht Duke's Mafter of the Horfe and
Favourite, isa Saxon. His Birth, good Qualities,and efpecially his fweet Temper render him veryworthy of a Sovereign's Favour.. Yet 1 doubt
whether, notwithftanding fo much-Merit, he has afirm Footing in the Duke's Friendihip he has toomuch Candor, too much Sincerity, and is too zea-lous to do Services and perhaps alfo too much at-tach'd to the Interefts and Honour of his Mafterfor tho* thefe Qualities have the Appearance of
Virtues, yet they are fometimes Errors in the Eyv»of Princes.
Thus, Sir, have I given you the Names of themoft diftinguilh'd Perfons at the Court of Weimar.1 fet out to-morrow for Gotba. I hope for a Linefrom you at Wiirtzbourg, and don't propofe towrite again to you till I know whether you are liv-
ing or dead.
Iam, &c.
178 ERFURT. GOTHA.
caufed
LETTER VII.
SIR, Gotba,Sept,9, 1732.ISet out from Weimarat 5 o'clock in the Mors-
ing, and by eight was at Erfurt, where 1walk'd about an Hour, and came at Noon to
Gotha.'Tis ail a flat Country abounding with Corn.
In time of Rain the Roads are fo bad that fome-times it takes up a whole Day to come from Erfurt#0 Gotba. Erfurt isaCity belonging to the Elcâorof Mentz, is the Capital of Thuringia, and may berank'd among thofe of the fecond Clafs in Germany.Its Inhabitants are almoft all Lutherans, yet the
principal Churches belong to the Catholics. Er-
furt is fortifiedwith good Ramparts, and by a Caftleon a Hill which abfolutely commands the Town.There is alwaysa good Garifon in the Place, whichconfifts of the Emperor*s Soldiers and thofe of~Tentx and the Etector has a Governor here withthe Title of Stadtbolder, who prefides in the Re-
gency.Gotha, which is not near fo big as Erfurt, is a
City fituate in the middle of a fine fruitful Plain,fo that which way foever one approaches it, one
always tferceives the Caftle or Palace of the Duke,which ftands on an Eminence by itfelf, and has a
Profpeft of a vaft Extent of Country. This Caftle,which is one of the biggeft in Germany, was built
by Ernefi Duke of Gotha,furnamed the Pions who
Gotha. 179
a N 2" Never
caufed both that and the Town to be encompafledwith Ditchesand Ramparts. To thé Glory of this
Prince, he undertook and finilhed thefe Great
Works, at a time when Germany was {o impove-rilhed by inteftine Wars that tew of its Princes
were able to ereft Palaces*.
As of ali the Saxon Princes of thé ErnejîineBranch, the Duke of Gotba is the moft powerful,fo his Court is of ail the Saxon Courts next to that
of Drejden, the moft Numerous and the moft Mag-nificent.
The chief Trade of this Town is in Woad, of which therhave three forts. The firft they fow about Chriftmas, the nextin the Spring, Summer, and Harwtfl, of which they havethree Crops. and the third grows wild. This Herb is fuch a
fovereignBalCunic, that it cures Wounds almoft v»itha touch,iftaken in tims. It refeinblesPlantain, but has a longer Leaf.The Rootsfàtten and improvebarren Ground exceedingly, andbeing brought over to England, with C/over, Cinque-Foil,&c.grows with good Succefsin NartbamptonJ/nre,and other Places.In the Duke's Palace there is a Chamber of valuableRarities,and a noble Library, of which the late Duke caus'd a Catalogueto be publifh'd of the MSS. that the Leamedmight knowwhereto haverecourfe to them. The Perfon he imployed to form it,was Dr. CyprianutEcc1cfiafticalCounfellor and Affefibr in theConftltoryof Gotba. They are for the moft part the MSS. ofF.cciefiafticalAuthors, Ancient and Modem, efpeciallythe lat-ter. There is a great Nunjber of papers and Letters in theLatin and Germon Languages, coacerning Luther'* Reforma-fîbn, and feveralMSS. of the vuîgar Tranflation of the Bible.There is a correfter Copy than that at Leipjù, of the Works ofLaSantiuii anotherof St. Auftini Treatiic of the Cityef God,«rhich helongedto WilligifeArchbi(hopof Mentz,about the year1000; another of the ancient Capitularies of the Kings ofFrance, with the Salie Laws, and the Laws of the Lombards.Almaim, &c. There are thirty one MS. Volumescontainingthe Abridgmentsof the Livesof the Emperorsof theWeft,and ofthe Eajl, their Piaures and Medals, and thofe of their Families,the whole collefted in 1550, by James de Strada of Mantna.The Medals are verywell defign'd, and Occothe famous Anti-quaryaffirmsinaLetterquotedbyM. Patin, that every Figureon them eott a Crown the engravieg. There is a particularMS. which contains a Colleôion of Trafts .by certain GretkChyroiftsconcemingthe defirable Art ofmakingGsJd. For:hereft the Curiousare refêrred to the Catalogue it telf.
180 G O T H A.
Neverthdefs the Subjecteof the Duke oFGotiafare the leaft burthen'd with Taxes of any in Ger-
many. To this Princt's wife Management of hisFinances is owing not only his own Happinefs,but that of his People too, by whom he is ador'dand really he treats them more like a Father, thana Sovereign and never makea them fenfîble of his
Power, but when he is to do them Juftice. He isa kind good Mafter, eafy of Accefs, temperate inhis way of Living, gives very great Application tothe Affairs of his Government, loves Reading, un-derftands Books, and knows every thing which aPrince ought to be acquainted with. As to his
Perfon, he is handfome and comely is civil in his
Deportment, but refervd and therefore feldom
fpeaks to Strangers, if he can help it but endea-vours firft of all to know thofe he has Bufinefswith,and when he bas found out their Character, talkswith them upon fuch Subjeéb as he thinks they arebeft acquainted with. He keeps regular Hours,rilès at feven oclock, firft fpends an Hour in
Prayer, and the reading of fome pious Treatifeand then gets himfelf drefs'd, and gives Audienceto his Minifters, or to other Perfons that defire it.At Noon he dineswith the Duchefs his Wife, thePrinces his Children, and other Perfons of Diftinc-
tion ftays about an Hour and a half at Table, andthen takes a Walk in the Gardens of the Palace,or if the Weather does not permit, he empjoys him-felf in his Clofet, or fpends the Time m readingtiU five o'clock. Then he goes to the Houfe offome Perfon of DilHnétion at his Court where allthe Nobility have an Affembly, and plays at
Ombre, after whichhe returns to his Palace, fups inthe manner that he ditfd, and at nine o'clock retires.
There is a Drawing-Room at Court three timesa Week when the Company meets in a gréât Hall,
where
f l^ii Prince,v/howasFrtùrk IX.4Min 17% Manb12.
Gotha. 181
N 3 un-
where they make Parties at Ombre and Piquet,At feveno'clock a large Table is fpread, which is
free for all the Company. Then aCarvercutsupthe Vi&uak, which are handed to that, and to ail
the Gaming-Tables that are coverM with Napkins.Thofe who don't play may fit down at what Table
they like beft. The Duke, the Duchefs, or the
Princes, generally do Foreigners the Honourto ad-
mit themto their Table. During the Supper there
is a Concert of Mufic, and at nine o'Clock ail the
Company retires.The Duke by his Marriage with Magdalen-Au-
gufta of Anbalt-Zerbft, has feven Sons and two
Daughters*: The eldeft is the Hereditary Prince,who has been twice in Paris, and once in Italy,
England, Halland, Denmark, Sweden,and at all the
Courts of Germany,in whichTravels he hasacquir'da great deal of Politenefi and valuable Know-
ledge. I had the Honour of makingmy Compli-ments to him both at Paris, and the Hague, and
found him of fuch a Temper as induces me to
think that the Subjefts of Gotba will be as happyhereafter under his Government, as they are under
that of the Duke his Father. He was lately mar-
ried to his Coufin-German Louifa-Dorotbea of
Saxe-Mciriungen,a very lovely young Princefs,
who, with all her Graces and Charms, has abun-.
dance of Good-natureand Modefty t.The Duke has all the Great Officerscommon to
cther Sovereigns. The Count de Ronaw is Great
Marlhal, and the chief Man at Court. They givehim here the Charaâer of Favourite whetherhe is
fuch 1 know not, but this I know, that he is not
HehadtenSonsandfixDaqghtcnbyhe^. TheHerwH-taryPrincewhofucceedshim isFredericIII. born Afril 4,1699. He ha*a BrothernamedWilliambornMarcbiz>
j 701 andfometimeanOfficcrin theDxlcbService. #f ShewasborqJuguJ!10, 1710.
782 Gotha.
unworthy of i-. 1 was very well acquainted withhim at Ratisbtmin 1720; he was not then in anyPlace, and expreiïeda Friendfhip for me; and now
that I fee him here in a Poft, 1 find him the fameMan asat Ratûbony alwaysa Friend to his Friendswhich for a Favourite is a very great Characler.
The Duke's Revenues are computed ar a Mil-lion of Crowns a year, with which he maintains
near 3000 Men of regular Troops. His Familyis large and his Livery fine; his Guards are verywell cloath'd; his Table is ferv'd with more Deli-
cacy than ProfuGon his Palace is well furnifh'dji
every body pun&ually paid and no body diffa-
tisfied.1 don't mention the Library to you, nor the
Chamber of Rarities, beeaufe I am not yct well
enough inform'd of fuch Things there as are worth
obferving. I propoH;to take another Round beforeI go hence, and lhall not fail to tranfmit to youv/hat Obfervations I ftull make there. Mean time,1 am, tâc
E T.-L E T.
• SincetbefeLcttenwerewrittentheFaceofthe CourtofGotèaisverymuchaltered. The Dukethereinmentienedisdead. TbeHereditaryPrinceFrtJerkhasfnccecdedhim,andkisMotherthé DuchefsDowagerreriredto Jfoentevrg,withthePrinceffesher Daughters,whoareFredencabornJuly6,1715,O.S. andAuguftabornNev.18, 1719-and marriedjbril 27, 1736.tohisRoyalHighnefsFrtêtricPrinceoftFales.TheDuke'sBrothers,whoareWilliem,7eh*-jfup,flKs,Cbrif-tian-William,Ltnxii-Erntfi,Maurictand Jobn-jjohbus,aregoneintotheServiceoftheEmperor,theKir.gofPolamd,asdthePrinceof,~affr-Caffel.Asto theGovernment,théDuketreadsin theveryStepsofbis!ateFather. M.BatbvfrishisChancellor,andtheFirftManinhisCouncil. M.deHering,fomerlyinthe Serviceof theDukeof Saxc-Wcimar,is Vite--=, ,or-. the..ferv1.Cim-.nt4k-P-axmuisnowEnvo~r-ut theD~etthjyEiÉialoFivTJwCocnt4t Xtmav;is nowEnvoyat theDyetmfRmtisbm,M. deDtumitx,heretoforeintheServiceof thePrincedeRsdtljiad,is Grand-Marihalandferaitto havea(barc in thenewDuke'sConfidence.This Gentlemanisalfoa Majpr-General,andtheCampfeemstebea ftterElémentfor
him
Eysçnach. 183.
N4 As
LETTER VIII.
SIR, WurtxJmrg,Sept.22, 1729.WHEN I came hither I had the v;.ry
great Pleafure to find your Letters, andV V to hear that you enjoy perfeft Health.
Continue, I befeech you, to write to me; that be-
ing the only Means by which yeu can perfuade me
what 1 wifh to be convinced of more than anything in the World, that my Letters are acceptableto you.
I have been in one of the moft difagreeableRoads in ail Cer~any and tho' thé Country abounds
with Proviûons of all forts, 1had like to have been
famifhed in the Public Houfes.
From Coihay1 went to Eysenach, thinking to
pafs a few Days at that Court, but 1found the* Duka
fick, and the Hereditary Prince and Princefs t ab-
fent, fo that 1 had only my Labour for my Pains.
Km)thantheCourt.- TheOfficeofMafteroftheHorfeMnotyetfill'dup. M.de~Mr~,a Perfonof QualityandMerit,wasin poffeffionof thatOificein thelateDakes time,buthelateiyrefigncdit ofht» ownaccord. M.de Stctterteim,is toh£appointedGreatCup-Bearer,whoisasyet, I think,in theServiceoffomeForeignPrince.
JohnWilliamdied atfixty-oneYearsofAge,foonafterhavinj;marriedtohi*foarthWifeMaryCbrif-tira FeliciteCoontefsof Linangt,theWidow'ofChrifl'uiuMar^graveofBadcn-Dottrlacb..
t Jun SophiaCharlotteof Prujp*Daughterof thelateMar-graveAlbert,andWifeto WilliamUentytheprefentDukeof~axe-Eyyéc:acb.
184 FULD E.
fet
As the Town of Eyfenacboffers nothing at all toView which is worth a Traveller's Attention, 1 fet
out the fame Day for FULDE, where 1 arrived thenext. You know, that this City is the Capital of
the PrincipaIity of Fulde, the Sovereign of which isan Abbot, a Prince -of the Empire, and Chancellorto the Emprefe. The prefent Sovereign is AioU
fbus Baron of Bahlberg, who was chofe by the
Chapter of thé Abbey Church in 1 726, in the
room of Confiantine Baron of Butbler, who died
iuddenly, and not without fufpicion of Poifon.Fulde is a dirty 1ittle Town open on all fides, and
hasnothing remarkable but the Abbey Church, and
the Prince's Palace, which are two Freeftone Build-
ings that make a very grand Appearance. The
Apartments of the Palace are yery richly furnifhd.
Thelaft Abbot being a Man of goodUnderftand-
ing and great Views, caufed this Palace to be foadorn'd as to demonftrate the Wealth of the
Abbey..The Prince Abbot has a Grand Marihal, a Ma£
ter of the Horfe, a Marihal of the Court, feveral
Privy and Aulic Counfellors,a Number ofGende-
men; a Company of Horfe-Guards well cloathedsr\à well mounted, a Régiment of Foot Guards,
tight Pages, a Number of Footmen, and feveralSits of Horfes. He gives a rich Livery, and in a
•word, hisHouflioldisîpruceandmagnificent. Therearc very few Sovereigns in Girmapy whofe Tableis better ferved for there is plentyof everything,pirûGularly delkious Wines, of whichthey tipple toiuch Excefi that in a very little rime they are not
capable of diffinguifliingtheir Liquor. There are,1 believe, thehardeft Drinkers hère in Europe and I
baing on the othcr hand but a Milkfbp, thoughtthat Fulde was.net a Çountry for me to pitch my?Tent in." I diiied with the Prince, went home
,^rynk to my Quarters, flept found, and next day
WURTZBOURG. 185
fetout for Wurtzbourg, where I am happily arriv'd
,afterhaving gone through fuch horrible bad Ways,
and met with fuch difmal Lodging, that I wifh myEnemies were but condemned to travel this Road
four times a Year.
Here 1 make myfelf amends for the Mortification
which 1 met with coming hither. Wurtzbourc
is a confiderableCity though not very large. The
Main divides it into two Parts. It is the Refidence
of the Prince Bifhop of Wurtebourg Duke of Fran-
cenia. The Perfon who now enjoysthat great Dig-
nity is CbriftopberFrancis deHouttem*. He wase-
leûed by the Chapter to fucceedJohn Pbilip Fran-
ci,sCount de Scbonbom,who wasone of the greateft
pnd moft magnificentPrelatesthat perhapsever fill'd
the Epifcopa! SeeoiJVurtzbourg. This Prince, in
the five Years time that he has been Bifhop, has
done more things for the Embelli1hmentof Wurtz-
bourgthan ten of his Predeceflbrsput together. He
has turntfhed one Part of the Town with new For-
rificarions, and has laid the Bafisof a ftately Pa-
lace, which will be one of thegreateft, the com-
pleateft and moft regular Fabrics that we have in
Gtrmax~ he having for that end confulted the
moft flcilfulArchitecte, and fent for the moft céle-
bratçd Sculptors from Itafy. As he was a paffio-nate Admirer of the Arts and Sciences, and per-
feâly underftood them, efpecially Architefture; he
chofe the beft Parts of all the Defigns that were
prefented to him, and from them he compos'd the
plan of the Work, which was executed with
fuch diligence that in four Years time two thirds
of the Building were rooft. His unexpected Death
put a ftop for a while to this Great Work. The
prefent
His SucceffoFwasFrtdtricCharlesCountJe Scbcnhcm
Biihopof Bamhtrgand Vice-Chancellorof the Empire,whowasbeforehis Competitor.In 1734,herefignedthe Poâofyice-Chancclior,andleciredtohisBilhoprick.
1 86 WuRTZBOURG.
Houle,
prefent Bilhoptook it in hand again, but after had
mg made confiderableAltérations in thofe great and
magnificcnt Projccts, thc Work advances fo flowlythat when it will be finifhedno body knows.
The âsceafed Bithop Schonbcrnhas alfo caufed a
Chapel to be built near the Metropolitan Church,which he bas lined with very uncommon Marble
brought for the purpofe from Italy at a very great
Expence. Brais, Gilding, and every thing that can
render a Chape] fuperb, bas beenemployed in it in a
very curiousmanner. This ftatcJy Edifice is asyet-
imperfect, and will require great Sums to finilh ic.
As it was defigned for thé Burial-PJace of the Bi-
fliop and his Fami]yr it is to be prefum'd that thé
Houfe of Scbonborntnow fo rien and fo power.-ful, will not fuffer a Monument to lie unfinilh'd
which is to perpetuate the remembranceof its Grair-
deur.The Great Hofpital founded by a Bilhop whofe
Name was Julius, is worth feeing. *Tis a ftately
Building, which locks more like the Palace of a
Prince. thana Hofpital. Four hundred Perfons of
both Sexesare maintained in it. There are two fine
Halls which are particularly made ufeof upon fioiy
ïburfday. In the one, the BUhopperforms *he Ce-
remony of wafhing the Feet of the Poor, who are
aftenvards lumptuoufiyfeaftedin it and in the other,he regales Jbis Ghapter,and all his Family.
The Caftle ôandsupon an Eminence on the other
fide of the River whichwepais overa Stone Bridge,adorn'd like that of St. Angeloat Rome,with twelve
fine Statues reprefenting fo many Saints. This
Caftle is a ftrong Place, and entirely commands the
Town. The Form of it is quite irregular, it con-
fifting of feveral Bjifdings erefted by fcveml Bi.
îhôps. Thefe Prelates always liv*d in it, till the
Jaft, who, while he was building a rew Palace in
the Town, lodged in a neighbouring Gentleman**
WURTZBOURG.187
Houfe, from whence he could fee how the Workwent on. The Apartments of the old Caftleare fpacious and noble. 1 found in them all thatFurniture with which they were adorn'd for theRe-
ception of the Archduchefs Mary~Elizabetbt whenthat Princefs came to Wurtobourg in her way tothe Govemment of the Netberkmds. I havenot feenricher Furniture at the Palace of any Prince of the
Empire.In this Caille there are two things that are well
worth feeing the Arfenal and the Vault; the onefull of all the Stores invented
by Mars and Beilona,for the DeftrucHon of Mankind, and the other fur-nilh'd with every thing to fatiate the Thirft of an
Army of Drunkards. If everyou come hither andlhould have the Curiofity to vifit thefe Magazinesof Mars and Baccbus, I advife you to begm withthe Arfenal, efpeciallyif you can get fomeCourtierto go with you for thefe Gentlemen, tho' verycivil, think, that the leaft thing whicha Foreignerought to do for them is to forfeit his Reafon tothem in this Vault. I am fure, I fpeakby dear Ex-
périence. Three days ago 1 told the Bifhop that Ihad a mind to fee the Caftle. This Prince was fo
complaifant as to order one of his Gentlemen to gowith me. My honeft Companion fearing, 'tislike,that a Converfation tete-a-tete would be too melan-
choly, chofe two Topersto bearusCompany, whomSilenuswould not have difown'd for his Children.Being a ftranger to the Virtues for which thofeGentlemen were eminent, I put myfelf entirelyundertheir Direction without the leaft Apprehenfionof myMisfortune. When they had fliewed me the Apart-ments, the Arfenal, Fortifications, andeverything,they carried me at laft into the Vault, which Ifound illuminated like a Chape) wherein I was tolie in State; and indeed, my Funeral Obfequieswereperform'd in Pomp, for the Glaffesfcrved in-
ftead
lS8 WURTZBOURG.
Bifliop's
inftcadof Bells, and Torrents of Winegufh'dout in-
fteadof Téars Ac length, after theServicewasover,two of the Prince's Heydukescarry'd me to a Coach,and from thencetoBed that wasmy Tomb. Yefter-
day I rofe again, but fcarce know at this Moment
whether I am quite corne to myfelf. 'Tis true chat
this doesnot give me much Concern, for ever fince
1 hâve been here, I hâve followed the laudable
Cuftom of gctting drunk twice a-day. You per-ceive that 1 am improv'd by my Travels, and that
1 am apt enough to Icarn the pretty Manners of
the Countries where 1 make any Stay. 1fancy that
you will find me very much alter'd for the better.
There is nothing that accomplifhes a Man fo much
as travelling judge you of this by the Life which
I lead here.I rife at ten o'clock, my Lungs very much
inflam'd with the Wine I drank the Night before:
1 take a large Dofe of Tea, drefs myfelf, and then
go to make my Compliments to the Bifhop. The
Baron de Pecbttljheimthe Marflial of the Court in-
vites me to dine with the Prince He promues, nay,and fometimes fwearstoo that I fliall not drink.
At Noon we fit down to Table. The Bifhop does
me the honour to drink two or three Healths to
me. The Baron de ZobeUMafier of the Horfe,
and the Baron de Pabteljheim, toaft the fame num-
ber to me, and I amunder a neceffityof drinkingto no lefs than fourteen Perfons at thé Table i fo
that I am drown'd in Liquor before 1 bave din'd.
When -the Company rifes, I wait on the Prince to
bis Chamber-Door, wherehe retires, and I think td
do the famé, but I findan Embargo put upon me in
the Antichamber by the Mafter of the Horfe, and
the Marihal of the Court, who with greatBumpersin their Hands drink the Prince's Health to me,
and Prefperity fer ever to tbe mofilaudableCbapter
ef Wurtzboure. 1 proteft to them that l am the
WlJRTZBOURtî. l8û
to
Biftiop's moft humble Servant, and that I have a
very great Vénération for thc moft laudable Chap-»ter, but that to drink their Healths woutd deftroymine, and therefore 1 beg they wou'd excufe my
pledging them but I may as well talk to the
Wind; thefe two Healths muft be drank, or 1fhall
be reckon'd no Friend to the Prince and his Chap-ter. If this wereall my Talk I fhou'dbe well off;but then cornes M. de Zobel, one of the mofltin-
trepid Caroufersof theAge, who fqueezesme by the
Hand, and with an Air and Tone of perfeét Cor-
diality, fays to me, Touloveour Prince fo well that
you cartt refufedrinking to the Projperity of the il-
luftrious Family of Houtten. And when he ha»
made this moving Speech, he takesoff a great Glafs
to witnefs his Zeal for the Life of his Mafter afterwhich an officious Heydukebrings me a Glafs, and
being infeâed with the Gouft that prevails at this
Court, affuresme that this Wine cannot poffiblydpme Harm, becaufe'tis the very fame that the Princedrinks. By a Perfuafion, founded on fo juft anInference, I have the Courage to venture on
t'other Glafs, which is no fooner drank but 1 reel,and can drink no more when in order to finifh
me M. de Pecbtelfheimone of the honefteft Gentle-men living, but the ftauncheft Wine-bibber thaç 1
know, accofts me with a Smile and fays, Conte,dear Baron, one Glafsmoreto better Acquaintance.1 conjurehim to give me Quarter, but he embraces
me, kiflèsme, and callsme Herr Bruder, (his dear
Brother.) How can a Manwithftand fuch tender
Compliments! At laft 1 put myfelf in a fit Pofture
to run away; I fneak off, fteal down the Stepsas well as 1 can, and fqueeze myfelf into a Sedan
which carries me home where my People drag me
out like a dead Corpfe, and fiing me on a Bed, as if
the next thing was to lay me out. I fleep three or
four hours, awake in a peffcft Maze, put myfelf
ICO W»UR TZBOURG.
Pnefts
to rights again, and prepare to make Vides, or toreceive them but whichfoever I do, I prefèntjyfind my felf in fuch a pickle again, that 1 cannot.walk alone. There's no fuch thing as Converfa-tion hère betwixt one Friend and another withoutthe Bottle; fo that I am tempted to think the In-habitants of this City are defcended from Silenui,and that the old Sot left them the Faculty of hard
drinking for a Legacy, as St. Hubert bequeath'dto his Family the power of curing a Frenzy.
1 din'd yefterday with the Reverend the Scets
BenediSineFryars, whogave mea hearty Welcome,and an excellent fort of Liquor calld Stein Wein%or Stone-Wine, probably becaufeit grows -on a
Rock; whichis the only time that 1 have departedfrom the Regimen 1 keep to here, 1 mean that 1
was not drunk. The Houfe of thefe BenediBinesis
one of the five Houfes which form a fort of a Re-
public in their Order, and which, without depend-mg on their General, chufe a Prefident out ot their
number who has the direction of ail their Affairs.
Thefe five Houfes are in five different Towns, viz.
at Vitnna in Juftriat at Ratijbon%Wttrtzbeurg^ at
Dowayin Flandersy and at Dieulegarde, near Pont-
a- Mouflonin Lorrain.
Thefe BenediBinesput me in mind of the Re-
verend Fathers the Jefuits, who have a very fine
Houfe in this City: Thefe are they whp are Direc-
tors of the Univerfiry, and inftruét the Youth
with a Zeal which cannot but confound their Ene-
mies.The Prince and Bifhop lives in very great Splen-
dor, and is one of the moft çowerful of our Spi-ritual Sovereigns. His Dominion includes feventy
Bailywics, and his Country is the fineft and fruit-
fulleft in Germany. The only thing that is fcarce
here is Money, and this is owing to their want of
l'rade, and to the great number of Monks and
WURTZBOURG. ICI
Table,
Priefts who ingrofs all to themfelves. The Bifhophas 50000 Crowns a-year for his Privy-Purfe. TheChamber is oblig'd to maintain him in every thing.It furnifhes his Wardrpbe, his Table, and payshis Houfhold and his Troops, which adually con-fift of 3500 Men, who are commanded by General
Eïby the Governour of Wurtzbourg. In time ofWar the
Bifhophas no lefs than 10000.
The Court ts numerous, and 1 can aflore yoathat upon Feftival-Days 'tis vefy magnificent.On St. <$uiliatfsDay, who is the Patron îkfFurtz-
bourgand Franconia, the Bifhop repaire with a greatTrain to the Metropolitan Church. Six of the
BifhopsCoaches, drawn each by fix Horfes, beginthe March, attended by twenty four Footmenand fixteen Pages and above fourfcore Gentle-men richly drefs'd walk before the Bifhop'sCoach, guarded by two Files of Halbardiers. TheMafter of tht Horfe and the Marfhal of the Courtwalk by the fides of the Coach, the latter bearingthe Sword of the Duke of Franconia with thePoint uppermoft and the Coach is furrounded byHeydukesyand followed by a company of Life-Guards.
The Bifhop of Wurtxbourg has,one Prérogativewhich the other Bifhopshave not for while he of-
ficiates, his Great Marfhal bears the Sword of theDuke of Franconia naked and upright till theConfecration of the Elements, and then he puts it
up in the Scabbard, and carries it before the Princewith the Point downwards which is a Distinction1 take to be altogether as extraordinary as thatof the Abbot and Count de Gembkurs, the firftNobleman of the States of Brabant, who has the
Privilege of celebrating Mafs with his Bcots and
Spurs on.The Bifhop's ordinary Expence is perfeâly fuit-
able to the Dignity of a great Prince and his
IO2 WuRTZ BOURG.
from
Table, which is commonly fp read for eighteenfGuefts,is ferv'd witha.Magnificenceto the degreeof Profufion }notthat this Prince afièâs Pomp,but becaufehe is oblig'd to confonn to the antienteftablilh'd Cuftoms of his Court. This Frelategives very great Applicationto the Afiairsof hisgives very great Ap'pJicacionta the. Affiürs~f biSGovemment, forwhichpurpofehc rifesearly in th»Moming: When he is drefs'dhe fpendsfomerimein Prayer, and then confen with his Minifters, orwith the Chiefsof the fevcral Tribunals. At teno'clock he hears Mais, and afterwards goes taCouncil At Noon hedines, and after having fatean Hour and an half at Table, he retires, and
fpendsthe Evening with his Family, whichis nu-merous, and compos'd of Perfons of Worth. InCarnival-timehe makesgreat Entertainmentstwiceor thricea-weekfor all the NobilityoffPtirtzbourg,and there is fometimesa Bailand evenMafqueradcsat Court. IntbeWinter-tùnePerfons-ofRankhaveAflcmbliesfor Gaming and during the Caraivalthere's a Bail three times a-week in a Houfe kept:by the Undertaker, at which they befpeakPlacesbeforehand, and where Fore%nen are admitted
gratis. Ail this wou'd be pretty enough if the
Companywasnot fometimesdiihirb'd by Peoplcin
Liquor, tho' 'tis truc thatfuchare not venrchagrin-ing to the Natives, who are us*dto fuch Sidtsand the very Ladies, who clfewherefly iuchCom-
pany, do not feemto hâve a ftaunch Averfionto-
iJiem. Foreignershâve rcafonto applaud the Ci-vilities both of the Prince and his Courtiers. A»for my ownpart I am infixûtelyobligd for thc Rc-
it^l they have beenpleas*dto Ihewto me. ThePrince heapshis Favourson me, and die Nobilitytheir Courtefies. If it werenot that oneisforc*dtodrink hard, I fhou'd like the Town very wall.
Two Days hçncç1 mail fet out for Jnffacb<,and
A N S P A C H. I93
VOL.-I. 9 wifc
froni thence I lhall go by thc way of Nurembergand Bareitb to Prague. I flull write to you bythc very firft Opportunity Mean time I am, &?<•
L E T T E R IX.
SI Rt Jnftacb,$ept.29, 1729.1CAME in one day from Wurtzbourg to An-
SPACH,which is twelve Miles, and pafs'dthro' two or three little Towns not worth na-
ming. Atifpacbis the Capital of the Margraviate fo
call'd, and the Refidenceof the Margrave of Bran-
denbourg,Chief of the fecond Branch of that Fa-
mily fettled in Francopia. 'Tis a fmall but prettyTown, and very well built. It has no Fortifica-
tions, and is only fhut in by Walls furrounded withWalks which form a Bulwark. The Prince has a
large Caftle or Palace building here, which whenfimfh'd will be magnificent. The late Margrave,Father of the prefent, had begun to build it accûrd-
ing to the Models of an Italian ArchkecV-,but ashe did nothing to anfwer the Opinion conceiv'd bythe Germansthat the Italians are the beft Archite&sin the World, perhaps becaufehe was oblig*d to
patch up old Walls for the fake of fome Rooms
Madame the Margravine Régent, Mother ofthe
young Margrave, continuée! what her Hufbind
bègari, but chang*ddie Architeci, and makes ufeof thé Baron de Zocbauto .carry on thofe Workswhoi tho' obligM to conform to what was done
by tht Italien, hasfucceeded muchbetter than that
;Foreigner.Madame théMargravineRégent haslike-
194 A N 8 P A C H.
wife caus'd fome noble Gardcns to be laid out and
this Princefs fpares no Colt for embellifliing the
Town of Anfpacb.The Margravine Régent is of the Family of
Wttrtenberg.,and may be compar'd for Beauty with
the fineft Princetfes in the World. Being Icft aWidow at twenty nine Years of Age, fhe renounc'dàli Pleafurcs, and thought of nothing but the E-
ducation of her Son, and the Affairs of her Re-
gency both of which Duties this Princefs dif-
charges in fuch a manner that her Subjeâs biefsher
Government, and the young Margrave cannot buthave very great Obligations to her.
Madame the Margravine, befides a charmingPerfon, has a fparkling Wit and a fôlid Judgment,which fhe has taken care to cultivate by great read-
ing, and maintains by a Piety and Charity trulyChriftian. There is in aUher Aâtons fuch Polite-
nefs, and fo much Good-nature, as gain her the
hearts of all Perfons. In fine, without flatteringthis Princefs, 1 can affure you that her Life is a
Pattern of Virtue. She is wean'd from ail the Va-nities of the Age fhe wears neither Gold nor
Lace, and has given her Diamonds, which were of
gery great value, to her Son. She keeps fo retir'd
to her Apartment, that fhe is never feen but at
Church, at Table, or when fhe gives Audience iwhich fhe never refufes to any body unlefswhen fheis tir'd. She is incsffantly employ'd, and takes de-
light in it. She is her own Minifter, and her Coun-fellors are only the Exccutioners of her Orders.
'Tis pity that Germanyis fo fbon like to lofe a
Princefs who does her Country fo much HonourThe Margravine is in fo dedining a Condition
that
C~MMCA<rAM ~r/<n<~y, MtrgntvioeDowsgerrofBramitMbmrg-Jafiacb.whowatRmntfor herSon,diedatA~rf~'n- 1730,foonafterfhe
had 'dtheRegeeeytothis
youn*Mwgrare.andmatchdhimimirtJtritM-LmiJ*,fcccndDaughteroftheKingoffrujfîa.
Ânspach. 195
that there's no hopesof her Recovery. The Phy-iicians have attually told her fo; but die Princefs,far from being terrifyM at the fad Tidings, re-
ceiv'd it like a Chrjftian Héroïne: Godgav<.memy
Life, faid (he to her Phyricians, be voiîl takeitfromtue xuhenbefîtafes, bit Will bedone. She continues
to live inrthe way fhe always did; and the Ap.
proach of Death; which flie féesadvancing to her
with flow Pace, givesher nô Troublç nor Tre-
mor but fubmitang to the Decreesof Providence,lhe waits with Refignation for that awful Moment
which often makes the ftouteft Hearts tremble.
The young Margrave is aftually at Paris, fo
that 1 cou'd hâve given you no manner of Account
of this Prince, ifl had not had, the Honour to
feehim two Years ago. He was born the i2th of
Afiijr, ijiï. He is a handfome; comely; lively
Man, has an pktraordinary Memory, and if Agematures his Underftanding, bids fair to be one daya Prince of a fublime Genius. His Govemour was
M. de Brdueti à Gentleman c£ÏJvmia\ Md his
Praeceptor.M; Neùkinb fcelebrated for feveral
Eflàys in Poetry.Notwithftanding the Reform which Madame the
Margravine made in her Court when fhe came to
the Regencyî 'tis ftill verynumerous. The Count
de Cajlel is the firft Man at this Court, and has the
Title of Lord Steward. His Lady commonly at-
tendsMadame the Margravine, and does the Offices
of Lady of Honour without affe&ing the Title.
M. de Bremer%the Baron de Seckendorf,and the
Baron de Zocbau, are Privy Counfellors and the
B^ron de Kinfierg is Marfhal of the Court. As to
.the Troops the Margravine Regent dnly keeps upO 4 fuch
• This vas BenjaminKeukircb.He put Telemachuinto
Vetfe,andwasthéAuthorofa greatmanyotherWorks,whichlhewthattheGermonLanguageiscapableofconveyînga»firee
Sentimentsasthofewhicharcmoreuî'dbyAuthorc.Hedie4
latelyat Anftach.
IÇÔ A N S P A C H.
My
fuch a number as is îieccflâryto furnilh her Quota tothe Empire, and to guard her Perfon.
The Margraviate ofJnJptubis very much inter-
foerfed with Woods, whichmakes it a fine Countryfor Hunting. 'Tis (aid that it brings in 500000Crowns evcry Year to itsSovereign. The PrincipalTowns are Anfpacband Scbwabacb, in which Ma-
nufacturesare ereéted that do great Préjudice tothe City of Nuremberg.
I think 1 ought not to omit acquainting youwith two things which are fondly believ'd by the
common People, and which the Landlord of theHoufe where I quarter'd affirm'd to me tobe Fac"b.The one is, that there are no Rats in aU the Coun-
try o(Anfpacb%finceone of the Family of the Rat-
killing St. Hubertpafs'd that way. The other is of
the fame Tenor, and admitted for a certain Truth
by every Subjeft in the Dominions of the Houfeof Brandenbourg,viz. When any one of this Fa-
mily dies, whether Prince or Princds, a Woman
in White alwaysappearsjuft before in the Palace. I
know not whether you ever heard any thing con-
cerning this Prophetefs of III Luck. Be that as it
wiU, the Story which is told of her is this:
Joacbim II. Eleétor of Brandenèourg, having amind to enlarge his Palace at Berlin, wanted to
buy in feveral Houfes; but an old Woman, theOwner of one of thofe Houfes, refolv*d not to fellit to him upon any Terms. The Eleftor findingher fo obftinate fent her the Purchafe-Money andtum'd her out of it j upon which the old Womanlwore in a Ra^e that fhe wowd be aneternal Plagueto Joacbim and his Pofterity. They pretend thatthe good Lady keeps her Word, and that thehaunts all the Palaces of the BrandenbourgFamily.Yet I never heard any body ar Berlin fay thcy had'ever feenher thtre, tho* that isdic Place whtrethe
ought naturally to have takcii up her head Quarr«-s.
Nuremberg.197
O 3 men:
My Landlord added to thefe fine Stories that the
Margravine would not die yet a while, becaufcthe Woman in White had not yct ?.ppear*dto anybody at Court.
Iarn, &c.
L E T T E R X.
SIR, Carljbad,OSoler10, 1729-H E N I took leave of the Court of An-
jpacb, 1 was honour'd with a preciousmark of the Margravine's Goodnefs,twz. a weighty Gold Medal and now I am
again upon my Journcy. 1 was not many hoursin travelling from Anfpacb to Nuremberg*thro' a
Country extremely fandy, but verywell cultivated,and interfpers'd with confiderable Villageswhich inour Country wou'd be reckon'd Towns.
So much has already been faid by others of the
City of Nuremberg, that 1have very little to add
to it. 1aflùreyou this Town is the moft difagreeablePlace in Europe to live in. The Patricians are the
People of the firft Rank there, and lord it like the
petty Nobles of Venue. The Government heretoo has very great Refemblance with the Venetian^and they have a fort of Doge. In fliort they are
very much like the Frog in thé Fable that ftrove
to fweïl it felf to the Size of the Or. Of. thefe Pa-
tricians fome are very rich, but they are fo rude
that no body vifits them, and they fcarce vifît
one another. Perhaps you will aflcme what I mean
by the Term Patriciam ? 'Tis this; they areGentle-
198 Nuremberg.
them,
men: There arc Patrician Families old enough ta
difpute Antiquity with any of thc Nobility what-
foever, and who were formerly admitted into ailthe Chapters. But nowthe cafe is otherwife; forthe Nobility not cn!y exçlude them out of the
Chapters, butdifpute thcir beingGentlemen; pre-tending that they derogate from the Title by their
Magiftratical Offices. Suchis, you know,our Çer-manicVanity; the things whichare honourable inother Countries, are with us diminutive: The
Court, the Sword, and the Church, are the only,Profeflîons that a Gentleman can follow: If he basnot the Talents proper for one or other of thefe, or
if Fortune frownupon him, he had better be out of
the World than take any Officesof the Magilftracy
upon him, or enter into Trade: He had better
beg Alms nobly than marry beneath himftlf." ButI fhall not bere fet up for a Cenforof the GermanieCuftoms. Let us talk of Nuremberg. This Cityhas 6 Gates, 12 Conduits, and 118 Wells. Of'the ChurchesSr. Laurence**is thebiggeft: There'&a great manyReliques in it, particularly a part of the
Manger in whichour Saviour waslaid, apkceofhis Garment, and three Links of theChains whichbound St. Peter, St. Paul, and $t. Jobn. As the
Lutterait* make no great accountof thoiè Reliques,they wou*<ldo well to give them to forne poorCarholic Convent, which would thereby foon be
^nrich'd.You know that the Government hère b altoge-
ther Evangelical, i. e. Lutheran. The Catholicshâve a fmall Church in the Hoafe of the Teutonic
Prder The Cahinijis go to the Church in the Terri-
tory of Anfpacb; but the Jews are not toleratedbecaufe*tis laid they formerly poHbned the Wells.
They live in a Place not far from Nuremberg, butcorne to Town every Morning, paying ibmethinglor their Entrance, hâve an old Woman fet over
Nuremberg. 199
O 4 ail
them, who iscommonly both their Guard and their
Guide, and are prmittedto trade and trick
wherever they can ail Night, when they are obligedta retire.
In the Church of the Hqfpital is kept Cbarle-main's Crown, faid to weigh fourteen Pounds, the
Sceptre and the Globe, in fhort ail the Ornamentsof Empire except Cbarlemam'sSword faid to have
been brought from Heaven by an Angel, the famé
very likely that carry'd thé holy Vial and the
Oriflamb to France. That Sword is kept at Jix la
Chapelle.The Trade of Nuremberg is very much fallen
off forbefides that the Toys and Knick-knackgr
which where formerly made in this City are much
out of fafhion, efpecially inG*r»WHy,theManufac*bjreswhich,the Margraves ofBareitb and Ahfpacbhave
fettled in their Dominions do confiderablePrejudiceto Nuremberg.
The Inhabitants of this City may be, (at leaft I
think *emfo) the honefteftPeople in the World, but
they are the moft horrible Complimenters that ï
know. I cou*dnot fet my Foot in a Shop, but the
Mafter, the Miftrefs, the Children and the Appren-tices waited on me into the very Screet, than kingme for the Honour 1 had done them. My Land-
lord too, who ëiw me go in and out twenty times
a day, receiv'd me always with great Ceremony,and a(k*d me how 1 did. And when 1 went out
he pray'd me not to leave his Houfe long in Con-
tempt, without honouring it with my Prefence.
Nurembergis the richeft and moft potent Imperial
City next to Hambourg. The Demain of Nurem-
birg is even much larger than that of Hambourg^but the latter bears the Bell for Wealth. Tisfliid
that Nuremberg has feven other Towns in its Ter-
ritory, with 480 Villages and Parifhes. Yet for
20O ERLANGEN.
all this ris not a rich City for the Patricianspocketall the Money, and the Citizens are poor.
Next Day after my Arrivai at NurembergI fet
out for Cbriftian-EvLLANGtH,a Town in the Mar-
gravhxcof Brandenbourg-Bareitb,whichowesitsHou-
riftiing State to a Colony oiFrencb People who fledout of France on account of their Religion.
Forty Years ago Erlangen wasbuta little Villagein the middle of a Foreft of Fr-Tren.. The Mar-
grave Cbriftian giving ûieltcr to the Frencb who
left their Country after the Révocation of the EdicV,of Nantz, aflîgn'd them Erlangen to fettle in,
When they eut down the Woods they built the
Town, to which they gave the Nameof Cbrifiian-
Erlangen, in Memory of Cbriftian their Benefaâor.AU thé Streets are in a lirait Line. The Frencbhave fet up all forts of Manufactures hère, andhave made it one of theprettieft Towns of Germany.Madame*Elizabetb-Sopbiaof Brandenbourg,iêcond
Daughter of the Eleâor Freâeric-lVilliaMy and
third Wife of the Margrave Chriftian Founder of
Erlangen caus'd a very handfomc Palace to be
built in the great Square of this City, to which
there are noble Gardens. *Tisat prefenroccupy*dby Sopbia of Saxe-Weijjenfels,Widow of the laft
Margrave of Bareiib. This Princds was to have
dwelt at Ncujiadt, which was fettled on her for her
Dowry but as 'tis a lonefome,melancholy, fcoun-
drel Place, thé Margrave Regent was willing fliefûould live at Erlangen. The Margravine Dowa-
ger was one of the moft beautiful Princeflcs in the
World, of which fhe ftill préservesthe fairRemains,and none can have an Air more grand. She lives
at
ThisPrincefswastheDowagerofthe Dukeof Ctmrlatà,when£hemarry'dtheMargraveChrifiiamwhowasveryold.AfterhisDeathfliemariy'dtheDukepî Saxe-Mcimngnwhomthchesfnrviv'd.ShercfidesatCobnrginFraxania. SheneverJiadbutoneSon,andthatwasbe whomarry'dtheprefentCza-rim, batdiedfoonafterJiisMarriage.
B A M B E HG. 201
nencc,
at- Erlangen with all the Dignity becoming herRank. Foreigners are very well received at her
Court, and particularly by the Princefs herfelf, who
for Poh'teneîshas few Equals.From Cbriftian-Erlangen ï went in lefs than a
Day to Bamberg, tho' 1 ftay'd two or three Hoursat FoicHEiM a Place in the Bi&oprick of Bamberg,whofe Buildings appear'd to me to be old and outof repair.
TheBifhoprickofBAMBEftcbthefirftBiihoprickof the Empire. The Biihop isSuffragan to no Arch-
bifhop. He depends only as to Spirituals upon the
Holy See, and receives the Pall as an Archbiihop.He basmoreover this Diftinûion, that the Eleftorsare hisgreat Officersas they are thofeof the Empire,and he bas the Privilege of fummoning them tocome and do the Dutiesof their Officeson the Dayof his Inftallation. I have not heard that any Bi-
Ifaopever made ufeof this mighty Prérogative, for
the Retinue which thofe great Officerswould bringalong with them might be a Charge to him. The
great Privilèges which this Prelateenjoys are coun-ter-balanc'd by one Mortification; for if the Elec-tors happen to chufe an Emperor who bas no Do-
minions, the Biihop of Bambergwonld be oblig'dto yield him his Epifcopal City and Palace. 'Tisfaid that the Emperor has the fame Right to Rome,and that if he fhould chufe that ancient City of theWorld for his Refidence, the Pope wou'd be oblig'dto yield him the Palaceor the Vatican and to retireto that of St. Jobn de Lateran. But 1 really thinkthat the Holy Father and the Biihop oi Bambergwill not be fo foon turn'd out.
The late Eleâor of Mentz, Lotbarius Francis de
Scbopbonii who was alfo BiOiop of Bamberg, em-belliih'd the City with a new Epifcopal Palace, a
-great and ftately Building that itands on an Emi-
202 B A M B E R G.
ail
nence, from whence there is an extenfive Profpeftof various Beauties.
The City of Bambergis very well buiit, and habeautiful Churches. Herein is to be feenthe Tombof the Emperor Henry II. and his Wife thé EmCunegmia. This Prince6 lies ac the right handof her Hufband, becaufe flic kepe her Virginky tober Death. Was not this abufing the Sacramentof Marriage ?
The Bimopwho fills the Epifcopal See ofBam-
berg is Fredtric-CbarUs, Count de Scbcmhtnt Vice-Chanccllor of the Empire. Thk PreJate being Mi-nifter of State to the Emperor conmonly tttides at
Vieitna, and is nowthere,, fo thatl hâve nothûigto fay to you of his Court i but 1 reckon 1 (hall beable to give you fome Account of him after 1 have
paid my Refpeâs to him at Vienna.
The Neighbeurhood of Bambergis very agree-able, but as one cornes ta it from Nuremberg thro'a certain-Foreft of Fir-Tïees, it ftrikes a Man withHorror to find an Avenueto it aquarter of a Leaguein length form*dby Wheeb andGibbets. This» atfira fight gives a Stranger no very grcat Idca of the
Honefty or the Peoplej buthe is ©f another €K
pinion when he cornes to know that thefe expos'dMalefaâors are for the moft part Foreigners. The
Biflioprkkof Bambergiscontiguow tofeven «r eightdifferent- States, and the Town it feM Kesin the
greateft Road of ail Germany, which is thé Reafonthat 'tis fo infefted by Rogues from all Quarters.In the time of the Eleftor of Metitz, Bamèergvrastheir Neplus ultra, for that Prince gave them no
Quarter Being wi Enemy to Wkkeanels, and oneor the greateft Jufticiaries that we hâve had in Gcr-
manyi be iênt aUto the Gallows that defèrv'd Han-ing.
About a League out of the Town the Bifhop has
i charming Pleafure-Hpufe but therc is nochingin
Pommer sfelden. 203
word,
t&Gemuutymoremagnificentthan theCaftleof Pom-
mersfeldek belongmg to the Count de Schanbern,which is three Leagues from Bamberg. Francis La-
tbarius de ScbonbornEleftor of Meut*, caus'd this
ftately Fabric to be built, the whole of whichforms a great Bodyof Buildingflank'd by two Pavl-lions with two advancMWings. The whole is re-
gulàrlybuilt, and decoratedwithwell-fancy'd Archi-
teôuré. 'The Entry is fupported by feveralColon-
nades, where the firft thing that prefents it felf is
thé grand StairTCafe, which is extraordinary mag-nificent, and perhaps one of the beft contrived m
Europe. This,Entry leads intoa Salon which ferves
as a Paffage to.the Garden *tisin form of a Grotto
adorn'd with feveralFoiptains, Columns, and Sta-
tues of Marble; The Cieling is painted as well asthe Sky-Mght of the Stair-Cafe, and thj Arches of
the principal Apartments. They are all painted byHands that the ^leâlor fent for on purpofe from
Italy. I don't give you the Particularsor theqreatSalon, nor of the Apartments, becaufeit wou! :ak.e
up a Volume. The wholeare laid out with Art, and
furnUhMwith great Choice, Judgmcnt andSplendor.The Stables anfwer exaâly to the Caftîe which
they front. They are built in form of a Half-Moon with a Pavilion in the middle, which is anoval Salon, from both Sidesofwhich you feeall the
Horfes. The Mangers are of Marble in form of
» Shells, and the Racks of Iron neatly wrought inform of a Bifket or Scuttle.
The Salon in the middle of the two Stables is
painted in Frefco, and looks oneway to the Court,and the other to the Riding-Houfe, where the E-
leétor us'd to fee tlie Horfes manag'd belonging to
the Studs of his Bifnoprick near Bambtrgy one ofthe beft in Germait?.
The Gardensof Pommersfeîden are very anfwer-
able to the Magnificence of the Buildings In a
204 Bambekg.
Cbrijttan
word, every Thing belonging to this fine Houfe is
worthy of it. The Builderof it had fublime Ideas:He fpared no Coft to leave Monumentsof his Gran-deur and Wealth to Pofterity, and has made aHoufe of Pommersfelden whichreally furpafîêsfome
Royal Palaces, But 'tis time to take you out ofthis finePlace and to carry you back to Bamberg.
There is a good Number of the Nobility fettledin this Town. The Chapter confxftsof Perfons of
Quality Ithas the Rightof chufing the Bifhop; and'tis he who governs in the Âbfence of the Prince.Such a Refort as here is of the Nobility makes theTime pafs away agreeably but they drink ashardihère as at Fuldem\Wurtzbourtt fb that it looks asif Drinking was an infeparableFunclion of the JEc-clefiafticalCourts. Having fome Relations in thisTown 1 ftay'd there three Days, during which Ihad the Pleafure of Drinking every Day with one,
ofmy Coufinsout of a great Goblet of folid GoldwhicKweigh'd to the Value of a thoufànd Ducats.You can't imagine how well the Wine went down
outofa Cup bf that Value, Iheartily wiA'd that
myCouIîn wou'd havedealtby me as Jofipb did byBenjamin* and that he had put- up his Cup in myPorcinanteau, provided he wou'd not hâve fent to
fetch me backagain, as theGovernôur ofEgyptdidhfe Brôtheri but thiswas what my dear Coufin did
not think fit to do. He made me drink my Skin-
full of Wine, and only wifli'd me my Pockéts full
of Gold.From Bamberg went toBAREiTfr the Refidénce
of the Margrave of Èrandenbcurg. The elder of the
two Branches of that Family fettled in Franconia.
John George Eleétor of Brandenboùrgdivided hisDominions betweenhis three Sons: He left the E-leâorate with its Appendages to his eldeft Son, andgave the Margraviate of Culmbacbto Cbrifiianïnsfecond Son, and that of Anfpach to his third Son.
B A R E I T H. 205
Cbriftian form'd two Branches, that of Bareilband that of Culmbacb. The Branch of Bareith be-came extinft in 1726, by the Death of George-Wil-liam, whofe Widow livesat Erlangen. George-Fre-deric-Charles Margrave of Culmbacbhis Coufin,fucceededhim. This Prince hasfiveChildren, viz.•two Princes and three t Princeflès. He marry'dDorotbyof HoIJlein-Beckat Berlin in 1^09. I hadthen the Honour to fee him: He was a Prince of anoble Afpeft, very civil, good-naturd, and tem-
perate, and a Lover of Books and Men of Learning.He did an Aft of Generofity that perhaps is notto be parallel'd, and which 1 relate to you as themoft authentic Teftimony that can be of his Good-nature and Integrity.
His Predeceffor had left an empty Exchequerand a great many Debts; and the Margrave at hisAcceffion to the Regency was oblig'd to pay the
King of Pruffia 460000 Florins, upon conditionthat his Majefty wou'd renounceany Pretenfions he
might have to the Margraviate, by virtue of the
Refignation of ail Rights to the Succeffionwhichhad been made by the Margrave of Culmbacb his
Father, in favour of Frederie I. King of Pruffia.Toraife this Sum on People already overburden'd
by the common Taxes, was to feek their Ruin..The Margrave in pity of their miferableCondition,chofe rather to borrow this Moneyof the States ofthe Circle of Franconiaat great Intereft. When hefound himfelf in peaceable poflèHionof his Domi-nions by the Payment made to the King of Prujjia,lie undertook to pay off not only his own, but theDebts of his Predeceffor. To enable himfelf to do
this,
• The HereditaryPrincewhois the cldell,marry'd thePrinctfsRoyalofPiujpain 1731
\ The eldeft of the Princeflès, Sophia-Cbriftiana-louif". wa§
marry'd in 1731 to the Prince Alexander de la Tour and Taxis.
She lately embrac'd the JLomiJbReligion.
2o6 B A R E T H.
this, he began by turning offhis Court, kept but àfmall Number ©fCounfcJlors and Gentlemen, anddifbanded 3000 Men of the Troops which the late
Margrave kept in pay tp no purpofe. He reduc'dhis Table totnegreateftJFrugalityi hisClotheswere
plain, andheavoided Magnificence and Gaming.Some time after this, he made another Refont inhis Houfe, and kept up
but a very fmall NumberofDomeftics. HeefabhÛVd aCouncilofRegency,and to feve the Expence which his Rank as a Sove-
reign would have engag'd him in whether he wou'dor not, he left his Dominions, and went tolive in-
cognito with the Hereditary Prince his Son at Ge-neva. 1 believe that both of them are aâually at
Montpellier•. He is refolv^dnot to retum to hisDominions till ail his Debts are paid off Meantime his Subjcdh wiih for his Return with Impa.;tience, for he bas fuch a Kindnds for them, and
governs them with fuch miWnefi that they lookon him as their Father and Benefaétor. This Re-
tirement of the Margrave from the Spkndon ofSo-
vereignty is the more to be commended becaufe 'ris
abfolutelyvoluntary Hewasnotât ail oblig*dto paythe Debtsof his Predecetfor for they were of fucha Nature as not to be rank'd among the Debts of
the Government. Neverthelefs it was his Pkafure
to doit, and he chofe rather to abridge himfelf ofthe Charms of Sovereigntythan that People, whofe
Faith in theGovemment had made them part with
their Money, fhou'd lofetheir Debts. Such a glo-rious Aâion as this, is in my Judgment equal to the
Laurels of twenty Viftories: Th» wasowing to his
Virtue, whcreasViftoryisgenerallydieConfequentbf Chance and Fortune.
You will eafùy imagine that while the Sove-
reign isabfent this City is not very gay. It ap-pear'd
TheMargraveandthePrincearenowrrturn' toBarnthtwheretheylivewithall theSpiendo.-ofScvcrsigcty.
B A R E I T H. 207
3 miniihmg
toearVito me the more melancholy becaufe I hadfeen it in the time of the late Margrave, at whofeCourt there was continuai Feafting and Jollitry.
The City of Bareitb is inferior to Erlangen.The Margrave's Palace is a great old Pile, but not
very commodious, and meanly furnifli'd. ThisPrince has a very pretty Houfe, a League from
Bareitb, call'd the Hemitage, which was built byOrder of the late
Margrave.It ftands in the middle of a thick Wood, in
which there are a great many Pavilions built, with-out any Symmetry indeed, but very ingeniouflycontriv'd within for the Ufe to which they ferve.When the late Margrave came to the Hermitage,he and his whole Court were in the Drefs of Her-
mits. There were certain Hours in which the Her-mit Brothers went to pay a Vifit to the Hermit
Sifters, who liv*d in the Pavilions. The Brothersand Sifters who gave each other Collations, were
fobjeâ to certain Ruks from which they could notbe difpcnfed but by the Remiffion of the Superiorof either Sot, who were then the Margrave, andhis Lady the Margravine. In the Evening theymet again in the Hall of the Caftle, where theyfupp*d and that every thing might be done ac-
cording to the Rules, at the begmning of the Sup-per certain Vedes were read, or fome little Story
compos'd by one or other of the Hermit Brothersthen Silence was broke, and every one gave his
Opinion uponwhat had beenread, upon whieh there
enfued a general Converfation. The Supper held
till pretty Lte, and wascommonly followed with a
Bail. No body could be admitted into the Order
without the general Content of the Chapter. And
thé Superior himfelf had no Right but to propofefuch a»were Candidates for Admiflîon. To giveyou aUthe Statutes of mis Society, would be too te-
dious befides I fhould be afraid of addingor di-
208 Carlsbad.
minifhing to tbcm, becaufe I only have them from
Tradition.The Margrave bas a Mother ftill alive, tnz.
Sopbia-CbriftinaCountefsof fPofffe*fteinywho lives
at Copenbagenwith her Daughter the Princcfs
Royal ofDenmark, The King ofDenmark grantsher the Title of Royal Highnds, and caufes the
fame Honours to be paid to her as to the Princefles
of his Family.The Margrave bas alfo three Brothers and two
Sifters. The eldcft of the Brothers is a Major-General and Colonel of Foot in the Service of the
Emperor, and the two others are in the Service of
Denmark. The two Princeflèsare marry'd, oneto the
Prince Royal ofDenmark^ the other to George-Al-bert Prince of Eaft-Friejhnd. So that the intire
Family of Brandenbourg-Culmbacbconfiftsof Prin-
ces and Princeflès to the number of twelve.
The Revenues of this Margrave are pretty near
the fame as thofeof the Margrave ofAnfp*cb. His
Fortrefs is the Caftle of Plaffenberg.From Bareitb I came in two Days to Carlsb a d,
a Place of-Fame for its hot Waters, of which there
are two Sorts differing from one another both in
Strength and Heat. They derive their Source
from the middle of a River form'd by Torrents
from the neighbouring Mountains, whofe Waters
are extremely cold yet they make not the leaft
Alteration in the heat of theMinerai Waters. Theyare faid to be very wholelome for all forts of Mala-
dies, particularly for the Gravel, and for the Bar-
rennefsof Women. M. Hofman,a celebrated Pro-
feflbr of Phyfic at Hall, bas publifhed a Treatile,wherein he examines the nature of thofe Waters,and prcfcribes how they ought to be ufed. The
Manner is very difagreeable yeu are obliged to be
lhut up in a Room, and be the Weather ever fo
hot,
• SbeistheprefcntQoeen.
C A R L S B A D. 209
Vol. I. P tET-
hot, the Stove muft ba heated, you muft bs tor-mented by taking off two or three Pots of Water,which are almoft equal to thirty Chocolate Cups ibe(ides walking about very much, and fweatinggreat Drops.
To make amends for the Fatigue of the Morn-r
ing, there is good Company to be feenhere àll Daylong; for Abundance of Strangers come to Carls-
bad, particularly the Nobility of Bobemiaand A/i-
ftria. There are publick Walks and a great Room
adjacent, where they play, dance and walk till the
Evening. They who love to live by Rule retirewithout Supper..
Whoever would be well accommodatedat Carls-bai muft carry three things thither with him,. his
own Bed, Winc, andCooki.tho* a Foot-boy mayferve for thé Cook, becaufeoneis generally invittd
by ihe Bohemianor Aujlrian Noblemen, who al-
wayskeep a great Table, and loveCompanyto dinewith *em.
The Inhabitants of Carlsbad arè generally Ar-
mourers, who work vèry neat and vaftly cheap.AttheSeafon foruGngtheWaters, Merçhantsflockhither from all Parts, and Cartsbaà is fuperior tp
many great Towns. 1 had a great deal of Amufe-
inent during the two different Seafonsthat 1 pafe'dfthere, and contraâed a World of good Acquain-tance, who, 1 hope, will be of Service to me at
Prague, for which Place I propofe to fét eut à>-
inorrow. 1 am, &c.
2zo Prague.
his
L E T T E R XI.
SIR, Prapt, NêVtmltriç, 17jç.1H AVE now been a Month in this City, yett itieemsbutasaDay; for Ifind infinitéAmufe*
ments hère, and a thoulând things tfaacI likc,
only I wantyour Company. The Gty of Praouiisancient, and has been time out of mind, the Seatof the Kinçs of Bobema. *Tis without difputeoneof the Biggeft Towns in Europe. 'Tis encom-
pafs'd with Ramparts,andaswellfortifiedasaPlaceof that Extent can bé, and commanded by lêveial
Hills, which'ris impoffiblcto leveL This City isdivided by the River Moldeor Muldaw, into two
Parts, viz. Old Prague and Little Prague and du-
ring the Courfe of the laft Century, it fuffêr*dthe
greateft Crueldes that a City can pofllbly undergoin a time of War. The Archduke Leopoli Bifhopof Paflau furpriz'd Tid plunder*d the leflcr Part,and would have done the fame by the old Town,if the Emperor Matthias King of Htmgary badnot corne in time to relieve it. Nine Years after
this, Praglle wasagain phinder'd by thofe whoweremoft concerned to preferve it; 1 mean the Impe-rialifb, who, after the Battle at IVieiffenberg,near
Prague, wherein they defeated Frederic EleftorPalatine whom a. Partyhad chofeKing of Bobmia%enter'd the City, and carried ofFineftimabk Booty.Prague wasufed no better in 1631, by the Eleaor
ofSaxony, after that Prince made himfelfMafter ofÈobcmia. The Great Walfteinoffo much N°te for
r R A G U E. 211
P2 feen
his Glorious Actions, and his Tragical Exit, reco-ver*d Bobemiafrom the Saxon in 1632, and took
Prtpu by Storm. Some time after this the Swedts«ttack'd it, and took the leffer Prague but couldnot force the old Town, it was fo courageouHyde-fendedby the Students and Burghers. The Swedes
thereupon retired, and carry'd offimmenfe Wealth.At kngth the Peace of Weftfbalia reftored Tran-
qoillity to Bobemiaand the City of Prague, whichhas been fubjeft ever finceto the Houfe of Au/triaand the Kingdom which before was Elective, hadthe Mortification to become Hereditary.
The Situation of Prague is pleafant in the midftof Gardcns and fine Fields, and 'tis adorn'd withnoble Buildings, of which the Houfes of the Counts
Xfcberninand Stemberg are as fine as any. TheFurniture of the former is extremely rich there isa Gallery adomed with excellent Pictures, a Cabi-net of choice Porcellanc with entire Servicesof thefineft Indian Lacca and another Room full of fineArms and other Curiofities. Count Sternbtrg'sHoufe is not fo large, yet better contriv'd and inRomeit felf wouldpalsfor a fine Palace. But thereis one built by the late Count deGallafcb, who died
Viceroy at Naples, that bears the Bell above all.You know that Nobleman was prodigioufly richand magnificent. He fpared no Coft in his Build-
ings. 'Tis pity the Houfe isnot well fituate, but it
certainly would be fo, if the young Count de Gal-
lafcb was of the fame Way of Thinking with his
Father, who intended to have had five or fix oldHovels belonging to it pull'ddown to the ground,
by which meanshe would have had a fineSquare.The Convents of both Sexes are another Orna-
ment of this Great City. The Houfe of the Reve-
rend Fathers the Jefuits is one of the moft magni-ficent They have lately caufeda Church to be
built, whicb Uone of the beft adorned that I have
Sis P R A G U E.
caft
feenout of Italy. If you were but hère, we woujd
go together and fee all thofe Buildings. 1 would
carry you firft of all to the Cathedral, which is inleffer Prague, on the Top of the Hill call'd Ratf-chin, and from thence we would go and take a
View of the Caftlc which is upon the fame Hill.The Metropolitan Church isa very antient Struc
ture, which was burnt downby the Sicedes, and is
only rebuilt in parc Its Magnificenceand Beautyconfift in the thicknefs of its Walls and Arches;and die Architecture of this Church is fuch, that 1
fancy it would appear Gotbic to the very Getbs
themfelves. 'Tis in this Cathedral that the Kingsand
Queens of Bobemiaare coniècraud. The AnchbUhopof Prague's Office is to perform the Un&ion uponboth but the Abbefs of St. George, whofe Abbeyis alfo upon the Hill of Ratfcbiny is to place theCrown upon the Head of the Queen, and in thisFunâion fhe is aflîfted by the Wives of the GreatOfficersof the Crown.
In this Metropolitan Church are prefervedwith
great Veneration the Bodies of a couple of Saints
extremely dear to the Bobemiant. The one is St.
IVenceflausKing oîBobemia, the other St. John Ne-
pomucene. The Jatter wasvery lately canonized byPope Benedia XIII. at the Requeft of the States ofthis Kingdom, who wereat the whole Expence of
the Ceremony, which was performedin the Church
of St. Jobnde Lateran at Romewith extraordinaryPomp.
The Story of this Saint is very fingular He was
Confeflbr to the Wife of that cruel Emperor Wence-
Jlausy who was depofed by the Eleftors. ThatPrince being jeaJousof his Queen enjoinedSt. Jobn
Nepmucene to reveal that Princefs's Coiifeflionstohim. He employedPrefents, Prayers and Threats,to perfuade the Saint to make this Difcovery, bueail 10no purpofe upon which he caufedhim to be
Prague. 213
P 3 natural,
caft headlong from the Bridge into the River ofMoïde. The Body was feen floating at fome dif-tance from the Place, attended with five Stars
fwimming on the Water then he wasadded to theNumber of the Saints and Martyrs, and hisCorpfewas taken out of the River, and carried with Pompto Prague, where it was interr'd in the Church ofDain in the old Town, of which he was a Canon.His Corpfebeing found fomeYears ago, hisTongue
appearing to be as freih as ever, was taken out of hisMouth and put into a Silver Gilt Box the Bodywasenclofedm a ftatelyCoffin,and thewhole carriedwith great Ceremony to the Cathedral. An Altar be-.
ing ereâed in the middle of the right Wing of the
Choir, there the Saint was interr'd in a Tomb ofSilver Gilt and the Tongue put into a fort of Ta-
bernacle whert it has wrought and does ftill work
great Miracles. There is a great Concourfeof Peo-
le hither from all Parts to invoke this Saint, whofeTomb is loaded with precious Gifts, and adorned
by the Emprefs with a rich Canopy. But no bodyhas given more illuftrious Proofs of Devotion to St.
Nepcmucenethan the Prince de Scbwartzenberg*Mafter of theHorfe to the Emperor, and the Count,de Murtinitz Marfhal of the Imperial Court; whoboth afcribe the Conception of their Wives, and the.Birth of their Sons, to the Protection of that Saincvtho' I lhould have thought ail this feafible enough.without a Miracle. The PrincefsdeScbwartzenbergbad not been married many Years before fhehad a
DaughteEf her Hufband had not feenher for four-
t,cenYears after this, during which fhehad no Chil-
dren. This is no more than common after theycame together again Madam is brought to Bed of a,
Son, in which tho' there is nothing but what isvery
HehadtheMisforîunetobekilledashewashuatingin tBo-btmia,bytheEmperorhimfelfin 1732.
fi ShsisnowMargravineof Bmitn-Badcn.
214. Prague.
the
natural, yet 'tis cry*d up for a Miracle the Birth is
afcribed to the Dévotion which the Princefspaid to
the Tomb of St. Nepomucenefor nine Days together,and to make the Saint fome amends, his Tomb andhis Altar are adorn'd by a great many Veffels of
Silvcr and Silver gilt.As to Count Martinitz there feemsindeed to be
better colour for a Miracle in his favour. He had
been married fourteenor fifteenYears, and hisLadynever given the leaft Sign of Tccmingnefs. She
was in good dight of body, her Hutband liv'd
with her, and they wenttogether fevcral times to thé
Baths ofCarhbadi but ail had fignifiednothing. The
Coune longing paffionatdy for a Son had perform'dmore than nine days Dévotion fucceffively, for he
went the laft Holy Year to Loretto and to Rame.But Heaven deaf to his Cries granted him no
Hein at hft knowing not what Saint to pray to,his Lady propos'd, that they lhould go and worfhipnine days together at the Tomb of St. Nepmucene.They fet out, they arrive at Prague^ they proftratethemfelves before the facred Tomb. Soon after,Madame de Martinitz proves with Child, and at
nine Months end is delivcred of a Son. You may
fay whatever you pleafë, but fuch a Favour furewas worth fome Lamps of folid Silver before theSaint's Tomb; and the Count de Martinitz full ofZeal and Gratitude bas given fome that are verymagnificent.
The Bobemianshave fo great confidence in St.
ydm de Nepomucate,that they have almoft forgotSt. Wenceflaustheir old Patron. There is no Churchwhere St. John bas not a Chapel, no Bridge withouthis Eflîgyi every body Gentle andSimple, Men and
Women, wear his Piâure asif it were the Badge ofan Order, hanging to a ftraw..colour'dRibbon, zaà
you would fwear that ail the Bobemians were
Knights of St. Louis, In (hort, St. Nepomuceneis
P R A G U E.215
P 4 fides
the only Saint in vogue and Prefents are heap'dupon him to fuch a degree that if it continuesmuch longer, he will be as rich as our Lady ofLoretto.
The Palaceor Caftlewhichjoins to theCathedralisa great Building compofed of feveral Main Bodies
MrithoutSymmetryorArchiteclure. The Apartmentsare but low and plain, but here is one of chemoftbeautifulProfpeas in the World. The great Hallin which the Royal Feaft is la-pt on the Day ofthe Coronation of the Kings is the largeft of the
kind, next to the fpacious Hall of Wcftmiufter.The Palace.Gardens are large, but have nothing torecommend them befidestheirSituation. The Tri-bunals of the Regency meet in the Palace Thefirft of thefe confifts of Stadtholders who afe of the
Emperor's Privy Council. They are to the Num-
ber of twelve, and reprefent the Sovereign. Moft
of them are the great Officersof the Crown. Theremuft be always two of them private Gentlemen totake care of the Interefts of the Gentry againit the
Nobility for you muft know that the Princes,Counts, and Barons, who compofe the Nobility,form a feparate Body here, and would think it a
Duparagement to becall'dGentlemen tho' HenryIV.
King of France counted it an honour to be the firftGentleman in his Kingdom, and King Francis I.whenever he affirmeda thing, faid, Upontbe Word
of a Gentleman.
The Chief of the Council of the Stadtholders is
call'd the Great Burgrave, whofe Dignity is the
higheft in the Kingdom. He reprefents the Perfon
of the Emperor, and is inferior to none but the
Chanceryof Bobemiawhich alwaysattends the Em-
peror.TheBridge over the Muldaw which joins little
Prague to the old Town, isone of the longeft and
moft fubftanàal Bridges in Europt. It hason b>"h
$IF PRAGUE.
There
fldes the Statues of feveral Saints, which if theyhad betn doneby a better hand, wouldhave provY!an Otnament. There is a Crucifiif alfo which is
pretended to be of Gold, and to' havebeen ere&ed
formerly at the Expence of t;heJews, purfuant toan Order of the Government, as a Puniihment fortheir havingcrucifiedaChriftian Infant upon Eafter-
Day, to infult the Memory of our Saviour*s
t>eath.TheJews are the only Se&ariesthat are tolera-
ted in Bibemtà. There are fomeHuffitesftill fubfift-
ing, bût they keep fo cloie, that the Governmentdoes not fecm to know that there are any at ail.I was aflur'd that in Prague afone there were nolefs than 80,000 Jews whethet there are quite fo
many, I khow not; but 'ris certain they are verynumerous. Their Quarter in thé old Qty foraisà little feparate Town, They have ail the Tradein their own hands, follow all forts of Callihgs,and by their receivïng ail old-fafhion'd things in
Payment, they quite ruin theChriftian Handicraftf-meri. As theJèPeople multiply like Rabbets, 'tisfaid the Emperor is going to iflue an Ordinance
prohibitingany but their eldeft Sonsto marry the
Report of whichis fo alarming to the Jews,that theywoald advande great Sums iû prevcnt its takingeffea.
If weexcept Rome,Paris, and Lmdm, there isno City where there are more Gentry, or a Gen-
try that is more wealthy Every body hère lives
grand; and in no Part of thé World do thé No-
bilrty keep greater State, or take rtiorePride in theirSubftance. They are polite and civil to Strangers,whom they khow to be Perfons of Quality. For
m own part, 1 like them prodigioufly, and 1 caii
fefely fay it, I hâve hardly met with a Foreignerwho has not the làmerNotionof Prague that I hâve.
P HA G V B.0' 217
three
There is not a Gentleman in this Country but
hasfeenat leaftHollandeFrance,and Italj\ and îndeect
they are under fome neceffityof travelling» for thé
Education they have at home is none ofthe beft.
But they don't travel as Peopleof their Birth and
Fortunes ought to do. They are commonly at-
tended by a fort of Governors, who make it their
Profcffionto rambk abroad with young Gentlemen,and are for the moft part Wallons y Luxtmburgbers,Lorrainers, or Liégeois*Soldiers ofFortune, with-
out Educàtion, and without Manners; who think
'fis enough for their Pupils" to fee Houfes and
Churches, and having not the Courage or the Ca-
pacity to put themfelvesforward, or everi to ihew
their Heads, don't care that their Gentlemen lhould
keep Company. They tell youngMaftert that myLord his Father, who put him under their Care,recommendedŒconomy to them thatthey might
game at Affemblies, but thàt 'ris not well to playwhile they are travelling Therefore the Spark is
oblig'd to keep in his Quarters, or if he is perhaps
permitted to go to the public Shews, even this Plea-
iure, becaufe it is not to be had without Money,muft be taken in Modération the Governor*sAim
isohly to crib allhecan, and fink his Pupil's Moneyinto hisown Purfe. This isfo rrue that I haveknown
fbme who neVereat Suppers, yet always broughtthem toAccompt} mahy of* cmget a Profit by
every thing they buy, and they make fuch hard
Bargains that 'fis ten to one if they don't choufe
the Merchant as well astheir Pupil. If the Gover-
nôr does not like the Place they corne to, he muftbe gone, tho' it were the moft proper Town in the
World toform the young, Gentleman for the Go-
venor only writes to the Father or Mother that
the Air did not agree with their Son, and that
therefore he had remov'd him. The Generality of
thefe wretched Guides maintain that fix Weeks or
2i8 Prague.
knt
3
three Mbnths Stay at moft is fufficientto knowParis a Fortnight to be thoroughly acquaintedwith the Geniusof the EngUfi>\a Mondi to knowItaw t a Week to feeNaples and fo of the reftAnd when they have fhewn their Gentleman at
PartSy the AnatomicalWar-work and the Obfer-
vatory; at Lonàent the Lions in die Tower; atRme, the Catacombs; and at Naples the Lique-faôion of St. Januariufs Blood, and Mount ^f/s-w«/; they think they have donc great matters,and away they go without having made an Ac-
quaintancewith one Soûl at any of the Courts.
They have feen the King of Fraxct touch for theEvil The KingofEngland go to the Parliament-Houfe and the Pope fitting m his Elbow-Chair,diftributing hisBenediâions. With a Mind thus
adorn'd, the youngMan, aftcreightecnMonthsortwoYean Abfenccabroad, returnshome. The Go-vemor-has twoorthreethoufandFlorins, and fome-timesmoreasa Gratuity, befideshisStipend A-
gain, theworthyMentormakesa Bubbleof theFa-ther who truftshis Sonwith him, andbeholdnow,he is ready for anotherTour. One would think
that, inftead of travelling in thismanner, it werebetterto fendabroadfor the Plansofall the Towns,I am fure 'twould be cheaper;
the Parents wouldhavethecomfortto feetheir Sonsat home, and theywouldalfo havewherewithalto fiirnilha little Boxin the Country.
There are no Peopleof Quality in the Worldmoreaddiâed to an expenfivewayof Living thanthofeof Prague, which is the Reafon that for ailtheir immenfeRevenues they are fometimesoverHead and Ears in Debt but by goodLuck theyhâve a Settlementwhichpreventsthem from totalRuin For moftof theirLands are intailMfor everon the eldeftSonof the Family, fo that he can nei-
ther alienatenor incumber them withoutthe Con-
P R A G U E. 219
pre fs
fent of the whole Family, and of the King himfelf,which is a Thing very hard to be obtain'd. Whenan eldeft Son of a Family has fquander'd his Free-
hold, and rons himfelf more and more in deht, the
Crcditors, and fometimes the Parents themfelves,
prefent a Petition to the King and defire a Sequef-tration. The King after being inform'd of thelift of theDebts, and of the Majorat (which is the
Name they give here to the Lands that are intail'd)namesTruftees for the Administration of the Eftates
of the Spendthrift, who is allow'd a Penfion till
all the Debts are paid. There's another very goodEftablifhment here for fecuring the Sale of Landed
Eftates and Mortgages. Every Nobleman gives in
a Particular of his Eftate to a Tribunal which is
call'd the Landtaffely where the fame is regifter'd.When a Perfon wants to borrow Money or to make
a Sale, the Lcnder or the Purchafer has recourfe to
the Landtajfers Office, where he féeswhether the
Lands are mcumber'd and if the Borrower'sDebts
don't exceed two Thirds of the Price at which theyare rated by the Landtaffel, he may lend his Moneyvery fafely.
Tho' the Bobemiansare brave and good Soldiers,
yet they don't love the Service, 1 mean the Gen-
try Moft of them prefer the Civil to Military
Employments, and a private Life to Pofts in the
Army or at Court. They are fous'd to beabfolute
Maftersat their Eftates where the Peafantsare their
Slaves, and to be homag'd like Petty Sovereignsbythe Burghers at Prague, that they don't care to re-
fide at Vicnna,and to be oblig'd like other Subjeftsto pay their Court to theSovereignand theMinifters.
As foon as a Gentleman of Bohemiacornesof Age,he is oblig'd to take an Oath of Fidelity to the
Emperor as his King; which is a Law as much
binding on the Nobility as the Gentry and none
of 'em dare to go out of the Kingdom without ex-
2io Prague.
prcfs Leave from the Emperor, on thé Penalty of
rprfeiting his Eftate. When the Noblemen are re-turn'd from their Travels to France and ltafjt theyput in to be Chamberlains, not fo much for the fakeof engaging themfelves to Attendance at Court asto procure a Precedency for theirWives, it being aCuftom with moft of *emto marry as foon as thejrcome of Age. Afterwards they aim to be Counfcl-lors of State, and Stadtholders, and this is the Ne
plus ultra of their Perferments. The Counfellorsof State challenge the Title of Excellency:But thisis what thofe who are not of that Denomination,and of as good Families as themfèlves, icruple to.allow them, fo that generally foeaking they have it
only given them by theirDomefticsand Dépendants*So that one may fay of their Excellentes wha.t thé.Duchefs of Elbaufoï the Lorrain Eamily laid inFranct conceming the Princes of Bouillon,that they.were Dmeftic Higbnejèst becaufe none'but their
own Servants give them the Tide of Higbntfs.Qf ail the great and wealthy Families, thole of
Lobkozvitz,Kin/iit Schlick,Collobradt>and Marti-nitz are the only ones that make a Figure at the
Impérial Court. 'Tis true there are feveral otherKoblemen at Viennawho have Lands ïnBobmiaybut then their Families are not originally delceadedjfrom that Kingdom.
The Kinjki'sFamily isactually the moft fplendid,at Court. The are five Brothers of it in Ernploy-ments. The eldeft is the Great Chancellor of Bo-betnia*. The fecond who is call'd Count Stephen,is Great Marfhal of Bchemia, a Minifter of State,and the Emperor's Ambaflador at the Court of
France f. The third, CQuntPhilip, is the Empe-cor's
His fickleStateofHealthcblig'dbimtoquitthisEmploy-ment,inwhichhewasfucceededby the'ÇouotdeColloSradt^whoin 1 734wasmadeVJce-Chaocellor.• x
f. Heisreturn'dtoViennafince1732.
Prague. 221
ror's Minifter Plenipotentiary to Great Britain%and thé two youngeft are in the Army, where oïïèof them is a Lieutenant-Colonel. Count Pbilipwas fent Ambaflador when but twenty nine Yearsold. He has demonftrated by his Conduft thatWifdom doesnot alwaysftay for Age, and that heis the worthy Son of one of the greateft Miniftersthat the Emperors Leopoldand Jofepb ever had.The City of Prague, is a very great Lofer by his
Abfence, for he liv*d there with Splendor, and hisHoufe was always open, particularly to Foreigners.For my own part I receivM fuch Civilities there asI fliall never forget.
As I have told you that the Nobility of Bobemiaare the richeft in the Empire, 1 muft alfo acquaintyou that the Peafants there are miferable to the laft
degree their Perfons, and all they have, are at theCommand of their Lord. The poor Wretches have
often not a Bit of Bread to eat, in a Country which
is oneofthe moft plentiful in Europefor ail forts of
Provifions. They dare not go from one Village toanother to work, nor learn a Handicraft withouttheir Lord's Confent. So much Subjedion keepsthe poor Creatures always trembling and humble,fo that if you do but fpeak to 'cm they are ready tolick the Duft off your Feet. The Severity withwhich thefePeople are us'd is really terrible, but'ris as true on the other hand, that gentle Ufage hasno Effèd upon 'em for they are excelfivelylazyand ftubborn, and being moreover us'd to harlhTreatment from Generation to Generation, Blowsfcarce terrify them, tho' tis the only way to make'cm good for any thing.
TheThe
This MinifterwasGreatChancellorof Bohemiaand aKnightoftheGeUnFleect CountJofepbwasnominatedAm-baiBdortoGrtatBritminin 1736.in the roomofhisBrotherPhilip.
222 Prague.
Pleafure
The Bobemans have a great many Talents for
Mufic, fo that theres no Village, be it ever fo fmall,but the Mafs is fung in Concert, and they are veryhappy at winding the Hunten Hom.
*Tis certain that this Kingdom isone of the beffCountries in the Emperor's pofléffion, and next to
Hungary, brings him in moft Money.Bobmia isa Country of States, whom the Empe-
ror as King of it, fummons every Year to the
City of Prague. They confift of the Clergy, No-
bility, Gentry, and Towns. The Affrmbly is
open'd by a Commiflioner of the Emperor's Nomi-
nation, who lays before them his Imperial Majefty'sDemands. The States, fuch is thcirSubmiflion and
Zeal, grant the full Demand which is commonly a
very great Sum yet for all this, the Bobemanswou*dnot complain of Taxes if the Emperor refided a-
mong them, but they are forry to Metheir Countryexhaufted to enrich the Aufirians to whom theyhavea naturai Averfion, and the Au/trionsasheartilyhate the Bobemians.
I own to you 1 Jhall be forry to leavePrague. 1
take the Bobemiansto be the beft People uponEarth, and Prague to be one of thofe Towns of
the Empire where a Gentleman may have moft
choice of Company.The Ladies here are very a-
miable. Gaming, which may be call'd the univer-
fal Pleafure, is carry'd ashigh here as they pleafe in
Houfes of the Quality, where Affemblies of both
Sexesare held every Night, with good Cheer, par-
ticularly Pheafants and Ortolans in plenty and
upon Fifh-Days, there are Trouts, Salmon, and
Cray-Filh and that there may be nothing wanting,Bobmia likewife furniihes good Wine. At the
Eftate of the young Count Tfcbernin at Melneg%there is a red fort not inferior to Burgundy. Of ail
thefe good Things many partake together, and
for my part 1 own I am taken more with this
Prague. 223
LET-
Pleafure than any other, becaufewe make it laftaslong aswewill, and then 'ris fuited to aUAges.
There is a tolerable Italian Opera hcre. InWinter they have Races in ftately Sledges: Thereis great Mafquerading, and they dancetill they are-
ready to drop to the ground: For this end thereare public Balls which are extraordinary fplendid,andmight be comparM, if anycanbc comparM,withthe Balls at the Hay-Market in Lardon.
In the Summer-Time when there is not fo much
Company in Town, thefe Afiemblies are thinner.The Gentry meet at Night in a Garden belongingto the Prince if Scbwartzenberg, where they game,chat, and walk up and down, after which they al-
ways go to fome Houfe or other to fup. Whenone has a mind to go to the Country, weare fure ofa good Réception, and the longer one ftays the
greater Pleauire one gives to the Mafter of theHoufe. Hère they pafs the Time in Hunting ofail forts Many of the Nobility keep Packs of
Hounds, and others Hawks. The Generality keepMuficians in their Service, fo that let the Weatherbe what it will, one may be always amufed in this
Country. Befides, oneenjoysall the Freedom herethat can be. After this, Sir, can you blame mefor being forry to leave Bobemia? But 'tis whatl'm now preparing to do, and I purpofe to go toVienna. You will be fo good as to let me have a
Line from you there; for to be plain with you, to
write three Letrtrs for one is too hard. Tistrue that your*sare of ineftimableValue, and that
therefore you are in the right not to be lavifh of
them; but the fame Reafon juftifies me in defiringthem. Adieu, Sir: Love me alwaysa little, and
be aflur'd that no Man is more than 1, &c
it+ Vi e k tf A*
only
L E T T E R XII.
SIR* VwmmtN»v.30.17*91
THÉ
Court of ViENKAconfîftsoffomanjrPrincesand Noblemen,that it cannot be
deny'd to be the greateftand moft.mag-nificentCourtinEurope. NcvcrtheJdsCérémonies,and the Etiquette, a Name by whichthey calIan-cient Ufages, give it an.Airof Conftraintthat is tQbe feennowhereelle. There's a univerfaJOut-cryagainft thelatter, andeventhe Emperor fometimesfeemstobedifturb*datît, yet 'ris obferv'dasftriâljras if it was an Article of Religion, and nothingcou'dfet itafidebutan OecumenjcalCounciJ.
Notwidifianding this, a Foreigner of Quality(for fuchhe muft behère) findsAdrantagesat thuiCourt whichhe doesnot meet with ddier at Parisor TJmioHyI mean Opportunities of making Ac-quaintance. After a Peribn has been to wait ontheir ImpérialMajeftieshe needonly beintroduc'dinto one fingleFamily to be foonmadeknown toail the reft, with thisAdvantagetoo, that gowhere
you will, riïey fpeakàte &hm*, Fremcb,Italia*%and Spanijb Languages; whereas.a Foreigner atParis is undera Neceffityof fpeakingFretub, andat LemàmErglifbj but a Man may fliiftverywellat Vient*withouttheXigb-Ditcbor ~xrswx Lan-
guage.TheMinifters and great Lords of the Court are
Civil, Courteous,andof eafyAccess, dpedallytofuchaswancnoFavourôf 'on, andcorneto Vienn»
V I E N N A.225
Vot. I. CL Empres,
6nly for Curiofity or Bufinefs. The Way 6f thefe
Gentlemen is to return no Vifits but they invite
People to thcir Tables, which being always well
filfd, a Man foongets a great dal ofAcquaintancc.'Tis a very cafy matter to be admitted to kifs the
Hands of thcir Imperial Majefties, and even to ob-tain a priva* Audience of'em for there needs no-
thing more than to give in your Name to the Em-
peror's Great Chamberlainand the Emprefs's GreatMafter of the Houfhold. When you kifs theirHands you bend one Knee to the Ground, and theTime for it is generally when their Majefties
pafs by to Dinner. But private Audiences areattended with more Ceremonies. The Great
Chamberlain having appointed the Hour of meetingin hisAntichamber, which iscommonly fiveo'clockin the Evening, he repain thither at that Time, and
introduces to the Audience and if he be absent**tisdonc by the Chamberlain in Waiting. The Ce-
remony obfcrv'd is this The Empreor ftands uptmder a Canopy, leaning with his Back againft a
Tabk; and an Arm-Chair by his Side, A Screenof
red Vélvet with Gold Fringe is plac'd at the En-
trance of the Room, fo that the Emperor.is not per-ceiv'd at the opening of the Door. Behind this
Screen near the Door, .ftands the Great Chamber-
lain. As foon as the Perfon cornes in fight of the
Emperor lie bends.the Knee, which he repeats as
he advances a little farther, and again when he
cornesnear to his Impérial Majefty. To thefe Ge-
nuflexionsthe Emperor gives a Nod of the Head,hearkens very attentively to the Perfon who ad-
dreflès him, and returns a fuccincl;and gracioufiAnfwer. Then the Perfon kneeling with one Knee
en the Ground kifles his Majefty's Hand, after
which heretires; goingbackwardsand making three
Génuflexions as did at Entrante. The fame
Cérémonies are obferv'd at an Audience of the
226 V I E N N A.
Ac
Emprds, who gives it ftanding juft as the Emperordoes, with this Difference only that the Emperoris aUalonc, and the Emprefc is attended with one of
her Ladies of Honour, who nevcrthcleû ftands off
at (uch a Diftance that (he can't hear what is faid.
ThcEmpcrorcommonlyeats withiheEmpreûandthe Arch-Duchefles. But there are particular Days,fuch as the Inftallation of the Knights of the GeÛem
Ffoee, when the Emprels herfelfis not allow'd to
fit down at Table with his Imperial Majefly. The
Dinner is commonly in the Emperor's Apartment,and the Supper at the Emprefs's. At Dinner two
Chamberlams hold the Ewer for their Majefties to
waflj, and the Steward, or in his absence the GreatChamberlain prefents them the Napkin, which is
donc after the manner of Spaitt, with one Knee on
the Ground. The Number of Difhes at the Em-
peror's Table is forty eight, and die fiunc at the
Èmprefs's» but tho' dieu* Majefties eat together
they are eachferv*dby theirown Officersand Cooks.
They commonly drink both together at the firft
Time and till they have drank, the Ambafladors»Coprtiers, and Ladies ail wait at Dinner. Afterthe Emperor bas drank, the Steward, the Mafterof theHorfe, the Great Chamberlain, and the Cap-tain of the Guards receive his Orders The Ladyof Honour in Waiting and the Emprefs's Stewardreceive her Orders in like manner. None remainin the Room but the Officers neceflâryfor the Ser-
vice, and fome curious People who are not us'd tofee Sovereignseat. On Sundays, SaintsDays, and
Days of Gala, which is the Name they give hère to
Days of Feftival and Ceremony, the Dinner is at-tended with Mufic. 1 forgot to acquaint you thatthe Emperor is always cover'd at Table, and thatwhen he puts his Hat on the Ambafladors put ontheirs.
V I E N N A.227
Qj^ aiway»
At Supper the Lady of Honour who is in wait-
îngprefents the Napkin, and the Ladijs of theBed-Chamber not only carve and hand the Viéluals,but tafte both the Meat and the Wine. The Pagescarry the Dilhes and Plates, and fetch theWine fromthe Beaufetwhich they give to the Lidies, and theyto their Majefties. During the Supper as well asat Dinner ail the Gentlemen and Ladies ftandup,fo that here neither Princes nor Princeffes have
any Diftinâion {hew*d them, but ail Ranks arelevell'd and confounded, and no body fits down in
prefence of the Sovereign.On the Daysof Galathe Court is extremsly gay,
and nothing is to be feen but Gold and Diamonds.The Daysof this kind that are celebrated with mott
Splendor are thofe ofSt. Cbarles and St. Elizaàetb,the Name Days of the Emperor and Emprcfs.The Emperor, who commonly dreffesvery plain,iscover'd allover widiDiamondsupon St. Elizabetb*%
Day. And as for the Emprefs, her ApparJ is
commonly rich, and fo loaded with Jewels uponSt. Cbarles's Day that ihe can fcarce ftand under it.
Except on thefe Days of Gala the Court dreflcs
very plain. 'Tis true that thefe Days are very fre-
quent, and that confequently plain Clothes arj not
very muchwore, for if it be a Holiday, or the Birth.
Day of fomeMinifter, cr itfome Lady of Diftinc-tion fendsbut for a Surgeonto bkcd her, 'tis enoughto put the whole City in pala. Thefe Gala* maybedivided into three Claffcs; the Court Gala which
is univerfal both for the Nobles and Plebdans;the Grand Gala which iskept in the City is for the
Feftival of fome Minifter and the third and laft is
the Little Gala, which is when the Ladies are la
blood. A Hufband makes a Gala hère for his
Wife, the Wife for her Hufband, the Cnildrcn for
their Parents, and Brothçrs and SLftersfor one ano-
ther fo that to be furc two Thirds ot'Yienna are
328 V I E N N A.
always in Gala which made a Frncb Jefter fay,'twould take up a great deal of Brimftonc to cure
the Aufiriansof the Gale However, thcy take
tare not to appear in this domeftic Gala before the
Emperor and Emprefs, becaufeit would be feckon'd
a Difrdpeâ to them.On the great Feftival-Days thé Emperor gdes
with a grand Retinue to St. Stepbeh*&Cathedrâl:
He takes up one whole Side of the Coach, and the
Emprefs fits fronting him. Their Majeftiesare pre-ceded by the Chamberlains and Knights of the
GoldenFleeceon horfe-back The Pages and Foot-
men walk bare-headed immediately after the Coach
of the Mafter ofthe Horfe, and their Imperial Ma-
jefties Coach is guarded on each fide by a File of
Archers, and attended by the Coachesof the Ardi-
DucheffesandtheLadies. Then the Horfc-Guards
appear wichtheir Kettle-Drums and TrutnpetSj and
the March is clos'd by the Pope's Ntmcio and the
Ambaflàdors with their Train, which conlifts of
three magnificent Coachesand fix HorfeSeach.
On CorpusCbrifiiDay the Emperor accompaïuesthe Holy Sacrament, when the Strects thro' which
the Proceflionpaflêsare cover'dwith Planks. Their
Imperial Majeftiesrepair in the Morning with greatAttendance to St. Stepben'sCathedral, and after af-
fifting at Divine Servicejoin in the Proceflion. The
Emperor is immediately follow'd b the Emprefs,who is accompany'd by a11 the Ladies in rich
Drefles, which renders this one of the moft mag-ni6cent Procédions in the World.
The fame Honours and Refpe&sare paid to the
Emprefs Dowager as to the Emprds Regent. She
has her feparate Houthold, an her own Guards.She has an Apartment in the Palace, but commonlylives in a Convent of her own founding in one of
the Suburbs, and doesnot corneto Town excepton
the great Festivalsor for fome extfaordinary Func-tion.
ThisWordin Fretubfignifesa Seai.
Vie n n a. 229
tion. You know, without doubt, that the EmprefsDowagers can never quit Mouming their Apart-ments muft be always hung with Black, and theirCoachesand Liveries are of the fameColour Norcan they be prefent at any Play, Ball, or Concert.,In fhort by lofing their Hufbands they muft re-nounce the Pleafures of this Life. Thefe fevere
Obligations on a Widow are fully difcharg'd by the
Emprefs Dowager. Being retir'd to a Conventwhere ihe is almoft continually proftrate before theAltars in Prayer and Supplication, fhe makes herManfion a Place ofPietyand Peace, and never ap-pears in public but when Conveniency requires.This Princefs was alwaysan Example of the moftuncommon Virtue. In the Life-time of her Huf-band the Emperor Jofepbt ihe lov'd Pleafures and
Grandeur but when fhe became a Widow fhe re-
nounc'dall, and only employ'd berfelf in Works of
Piety, and in the Education of the two Arch-Du-
cheflèsherDaughters, w homfhe has now the Com-fort of feeing marry'd to two powerful Princes ofthe Empire.. There's not a Perfon that drawsnear her Imperial Majefty but admires her ;minen^
Qoalities. I have not yet had the Honour this
Journey of cafting my felt at her Feet, but the firfl:Time I was here 1 had the Advantage of pay-ing my Duty to her at Scbonborn,where methen pafs'd the Summer. 1 was receiv'd by her
with fuch Proofs of her Kindnefsas charm'd me,and which 1 fhall always remember with Pleafureand Refpecl:. This Princefs is the Daughter of
Jobn-Frederic Duke of Brunfwic-Hanoverand ofHenrietta-BenediftinePrincefsPalatine. After thé
Pcath of the Duke her Father, who left no Son,fh.2went with \\i Duchcfi cf Brurfjiic to France,where thisPrincefs was very glad to retire to her
Siftçr the Princefsof Conde. The Emprefs whowas
ne ofQ,3 Saxo~.t~cn
f TheEWWreflaofBaverïaaadSaxvy.
230 V I E N N A.
then the Princefi Amelia, fpent fome Yearg in
France., where fhe learned the Language and Po-litcnefs of that Nation to perfection, and in lhort
acquir'd that Merit and Virtue for which fhe is nowfo much admir'd, and which perhaps have con-tributed equally wich her illuftnous Extraction to
gain hcr poffcffionofthefirftTftroncinChriftendom.Thc Marriage of her eider Sifter to Renaud tfEfteDake of Modenaobliging the Dutchefc oïBrmfioicto leaveFrance, and go and fettle at Modma, the
Princefs Ameliafollow'd her alfo into Itafy. Shchadno reafon to be forry for her leaving France, and
rcjedingthc Addreffes ofaFr«rr^ Nobleman mhohad prefum'd to court her, for not long after herArriva] at Modena the was marry'd to the Kingbf the Romans, afterwards the Emperor Jofepb.This Emprefs is not only endow'd with the Chri-ftian but ail the Moral Virtues, and there are few
Princeflcs of a more generous Soûl, ofgreatcr Cou-
rage, or of a Genius morefublime, morcrefin'd, ormore .idorn'd. There was a Time when fhe mightbe rank'd among the moft beautiful Princefles of
Europe: fhe ftilj retains ail the Marks of it;and therewith preferves fuch a majeflic Air thatwhenever I beholdher it revives the profoûnd Vé-neration I have for her facredP^rfon.
The Emperor CharlesVI. is of a middling Sta-
ture, and in good Plight ofBody: Heis of a fwarthyhaie CempLction, hasa brifk Eye, ané-rhick Lips,for which laft his Famiiy in general have beenre-.markabîc. This Monarch is diefccondSon of the
Emperor Leopoldby Eleonoraof Nez-bourg,and thefifteenthEmperor *of his Family. Bjng defign'dwhen a Minor for Succeflbr to Cbarles Il. King of
Spain, he had a grave Education fuitable to the
People whom lie wasone day to govern. Thismade
1 conformtotheOpinionof almoflailtheHiftorians,whodonotplaceFrtitrictheFairinthelift of theEmperors.
V I B N N A. 231
made him contre an Air of Serioufoefs, which, tochofewho have not the Honour of Accefs to him,fàvours of Severity yet he is affableand very hu-
tnane.. He hears thofe with Attention that fpeakto him, and his Anfwers are full of Good-nature.When he attain'd to an Age hardly ripe enough forthe Crown ofSpai*, he met with various Fortune in
that Kingdom but he fupported himfelf in everyEvent with an hercic Magnanimity, being al-
ways fùbmiffive to the Wiff of that Providencewhich ne knew was the Mafter of the Fortune of
Kings. The Adverfitys with which it pleas'd Godto try his Patience by the Siège oîBarcelona whichhe carry'd on in Perfon, and by the Lofs of théBattle of Villa ViciofOyonly ferv*d to con6rm his
Conftancy, and his natural Integrity, a Principlewhich renders him even more vénérable than the
Splendor of his Crowns and the vaft Extent of hisPower. Heaven, which always rewards Virtue»has granted this Monarch one of the beft and moftfortunate Reigns that any Emperor has had fince
Germanj has been the Seat of Empire. He wants
nothing to crown his Happinets but a Maie Heir,which is fo much the Defîrc of the People, as well
as of the Emperor and the mott virtuous Emprefsthe World ever faw, that God grant he may have
one.This Princefs is defcendedfrom the ayguft Houfe
of Brunfwicy to which Europe is at this Time ob-
lig'd for two Emprefles*, one King-f, and a
Queen ft. She is the Daughter of Lewis RoàolfbDuke of Brunfwk-Blankenbonrg by Cbrifiiana-
Louifa Princefs of Oetingen, of whom I gave you
~4 an
TheEmprefsRegentandtheEmprefsDowager.t TheKingcîGreatBritaiu.
|TheQoeenofPruJJia.*• TheprefentDnïteRégentof Brnnfiuie-Luutnbwrg-Wol'
fmbtttlt.
«3* V I E N N A.
3, fcfftd1: •
an Account in my Letter from Blankenbourg. The
Çharaâef of this auguft Princefs for her AffabUityand Goodnefs is fo well known in the World thac'ris needlefsto fpeakof it here. You know likewifehow beautiful and handfome me was when flic was
marry'dto the Emperor. And notwithftanding the
Pimples in her Face ànd her prefent GorpùJencyfhè
fnayftill be reckon'd in the nurnbet ôf thé beautifulPrincefles. Suchan Air of Modefty,Mildnçfe,and
Majcfty, accompahies every thing Ihe docs, as in-
fpires thôfe that approach her with equal Courageand Refpeâ. Hé Duty is her Law, and her prin-cipal Care isto pleafe the Emperor, whoie Wifdomfhe knows to be fufficientto govern his Dominions,and to him fhe therefore leavesall Affairs. Indeedfhe is very earncft with him to get Faveurs for thofewho pétition her, which fhe thinks uHappinefs to
obtain, and fhe beftows thèm in iuch manner as is
ycry afièâing to the Receivers. This Princefs is
charitable, generoùs, ànd magnificent. She main-tains her Dignity without Conceit, and fupports her
• folidPiety without Ostentation. She was educatèd
in the Lutberan Religion, but abjur'd it at Bambergwhen fhe came thidier in her Way to be marryMto the Emperor, theh King of Spaint and is now« good Catholic, yet without any Hatred to the
Proteftants being convinc'd that the Love of one's
Neighbour 'is one of the Duties which God moft
ftriftly enjoinsupon Mankind, and that Charitable-nefs and good Exàmpks are the beft Meansto re-concile thofe to the Church who are fcparaJtedfroin
ln the famé fublime Sentiments of. Virtue does
thé Emprefs educate the Archducheflcsher Daugh-%érstand thofe young Princcflcs are like to make
#orthy'Rofiden6," TKe eldeft Archduchefs Mary
tjkerefais brought up in the agreeable Profpeâ of
being-one day Miftrds of the vaft Dominions pof-
V I E N N A. 233
feffèdby the Emperor This young Princefshas
very much of the Air of thé Emprefs her Mother ¡and if Heaven defigns her for the Soveteigntyof the Empire, God grant the may alfo refembleher in her Virtues!f
The Emperor bas three Sifters. The eldeft isthe Archduchefs Mar.y Elixabetb Govemefs of the
{AufirUm)~tbcrlaxdi the fecond is Mary ~nM
Queen of Portugal and the third is the Arch-duchefs Mary Mardalen, who 'ris faid is intendedto beGovernefs oxtiroL The intire Auguft Houfe
itfAuftria confifb at prefent of the facred Perfon ofthe Emperor and of eight Princeflcst, of whomthree are married and God grant it may be aug-mented by the Birth of a Prince 1forwithout fet-
ting up here for a zealousSubjeft, 1 don*tthink that
thé Houfes of Aujtr'm andBourbonought ever to be
èxtinft, both of them havihg tnade the Fortunes ofan infinite Number bf Gentlemen..
The Emperor's ordinary Piffime (when he basa Defire to unbend his Mind from Affairs of State,to which lie applics with all the Earneftnefs of aMonarch that loves his Peopie) is Hunting, or
Shooting at a Mark; and the Emprefsis generallya Sharer in his Diverfions. His Imperial Majeftygoes fometimes alfoto the RidingHoufe, where heexercifeshimfelf in Riding At other times Muficis his Amufement, which the Monarch not onlyperforms by Book, but is alfo a Compofer andfome Years ago an Opéra wasacted here of his com-
pofing. Alt the Aftors aswell as the Dancers andthe Muficiansof the Orcheftre were Perfonsof Qiia-lity. The Emperor himfelf made one, and thetwo eldeft Archducheflès his Daughters danced.The Speftators wese the Emprefs Regent and the
Emprefs Dowager, and every Aélor had the Li-
bertyTeb.f. 1736.(hewasmarrv'dto theDukeofUrrçia.
f Therearebot feraiArchdacheflbfiacc1730i the Em-pcror'sUiirdDaughterbeingdead..t ,Of
224- V I E N N A.
3 Ihc
berty of carrying two of his Kindred or intima»Friends.
Tho*theirImperial Majeftiesare very fond of
Mufictheyhavefeldommore than two Opérasin aYear, viz. ontheDaysof Se CharlesandSe. Etixa*Utby and fometimes the fâme Opéras are pfay'dagainduring the Carnival. At dus rime, which isdevotedto Mirth, there is a BaUat Court, and o*the Fldh-dajrs thefe is commonl?a great Mafmre-rade reprdenting a Country-Wedding. In the Pa-lacethere is avery magnificentThéâtre, which in-deed is almoft 'theonly thing there.that is worth
feeing, for die Impérial Palace is fo wretched aManfîonthat fewMonarchsare lodgedworfethanthe Emperor. The Furninire too is old-fafhion'dand not very rich, whichis fomewhatunaccounta*
ble, becaufethe Wardrobesare fullofcoffly Pieces
of Tape.firy,ftately Piâures, and other fineGoodswhichprobablythéy arereftrainedfrotn makingufcof by the Etiquette. The Emperor's Pkafure-Houfesare no better than his Palace in the City..The Caftleof the Favorita whichis in one of the
Suburbs, is a great Building fullof Turnings and
Windings like the Street whichit looks into, andhas moreof the Appearanceof a great Convent of
CapucbinFryars than ofthe Dwellingof a Princewhois theHead of fomanySovereigns. The Gar-^ens are asmeanas the Houfe, and onlyconfidera-blefor theirExtent. Luxembourgisftillvery muchinferiorto the Favorita but the Court is there nomore than a Month or fix Wecks, during the
Hunting of the Heron. The Minifters that are
obligedto attendthe Emperor thither haveHoufes
there, whichthough not very grand, are commo-
dious. When a Perfongoesto Laxmbourgtopaya Vifit to the Court he is under a Neceffityof re-
turning to Viennafor a Bed, which is a very greatInconveniency.
V I E N N A. 235
Pa-
The Emperor Jofepb lud begun a very fine
Houfe at Scbonbornabout a League from Viennatbut did not live to finilh it and the EmprefsAmeiiato whom the Emperor gave it, inftead of
carryingon the Works which her Hufband had
begun, letsitruntoruin-, whichisgreatpi ty, for ifthat Building had been finifh'd the Emperor wou'd
not hâve had a Vèr/ailles, but he wou'd at leatt havehad a Manfion-Houfe fuitableto his Dignity. 'Tis
faid that a new Palace is going to be built for the
Emperor which, if true, *twereto be wilh'd that
better Architeâs may be employ'd in it than thofewho have had the Direction of thenew Stables and
of St. Charles* Church, which are Buildings latelyereâed with very great Expence, but without anyTafte. The Stablesare a Range of Buildingsof avaft Length, divided into feven Pavillons which
appear at firft fight to be fo many differentHoufesThé middlemoft Pavilion which isdefign'd to lodgethe Mafter of the Horfe is muchhigher than theother fix, which fink gradually on the two fides.Nor are the inner Roomsbetter contriv'd; for theHorks ftand all in one Row, and the Stable is fonarrow withal, that one is every Minute in dangerfrom the Horfes Heels which is purdy owing tothe Indifcretionofthe Architea, whohaving groundenough and to fpare might for the fame Expencehave made fomething grand and noble.
Whether the fame Architea that built the Stableshad the Direction likewife of St. Cbarles's Church,is what 1 know not; but if they are two differentMen their Head-pieces are very much alike. ThisChurch would perhaps have been admir'd in the
Days of the Gotbs, but in fo refined anAge as the
prefent, one cannot look on it without bemg forryfor the Sumsof Money laid out in it.
This bad Tafte as to Buildingsprevails too muchat Vienna, not but that there are Hotels and even
2$6 V I E N N A.
the
Palaces in whichthe Rules of Architecture are ob-fcrv*d, but then die Buildersare gotinto fuchawayof ornameating and charging their Houfes with
Sculpture as is altogetbcr contrary tothe noble
Simplicity of die ancient Arciteâure. The Palaceof Prince Eugèneof Savoyis ftatdy, but ficuatein anarrow Street with a very litde Court befbre it.The Stair-cafeis very wellcontriv*dwere it nottoomuch confin'd. The Apartments of diefirft
Storyare as well laid out as the Ground wou'd admit or.We enter ârft into a fpacious Salon adorn'd with
great Piâures reprefenting the chief Viâories of
Prince Eugèneover the Frencb and the Turks. In
die two Rooms next to this are very rich Hangingswherein the Maktr Devos at Brujfelshas very cor-
reAly delineated the whole Military Science. The
Bed-ehamber beyond that has a Set of Furniture of
green Velvetrichly embroider'd with Gold andSilk.
In the faméRoom diereûa Luftre of Rock Cryftalwhich is faid to have coft 40,000 Florins. Ali the
other Fumiture is extraordinary magnificent, and
wou'd be cry'd up at Paris it felft where it muft be
allow'a a.Tafte for fine Furniture prevails more than
any where.The Palace of Licbtenfieinis bigger than that of
Savoy and notlefs magnificent. 'Tis worth feeingwere it only forits Paintings. 1 pafs over the Ho-
tels of Scbwartzenberg, Daun, T>iedricbfteinyHarT
racb, and fèveralother noble Edifices, left my Let-
ter fhou'd fwellinto a Volume.
The Palacesof the Suburbs are infinitely more
grand than thofe of the City, and they have both
Court-yards and Gardeos. The mott noble are the
Palaces of Trautjbem, Rofrano, Stbwarvzenbtrg*AUbtim, and Eugèneof Savoy. This laft efpecial-
ly is a fuperb Structure with magnificent Gardens,a fine Orangery, and a Menagery ftor'd with the
moft uncommon Créatures that the four Parts of
VîENNA. 237
cover,
the Wôrld canfûrnifh. 'Tis in this fine great Houfe
that Prince Eugènepaffesthe beautiful Seafonof the
Year. Thereis notfo fine »Slght asan Afiembly at
this Princes Houfe, for notonlytheouterCourt, in
whichthere's a finePièce of Water, but theGardens
are illuminatedby an infinite Number of Lanthorns
made in form of aBowlof extraordinary whiteGlafi,which caft a very great Light and make a glorious
appearance.The Afi'embliesat thisPrince's Houfe
are numerous for his Birth, Employ-aient and Intereft, draw a great Court to him.
Prince Eugèneisof a middling Stature, and well
made. His Air is extremely ferious, and his De-
portment grave and referv*di but notwithftandingthat Refervednefs he is a hearty Friend to his Ad-
herents. He is a thorough Judge of Merit, and
loves to diftinguifh it. He is perfe&ly genteeland civil, very lite to the Ladies, refpecwil and
fubmiflive to his Lord and Mafter, but without
FTatteryor Servility. He is generousand noble in
every thingexceptinghis Apparel. He is an Enemyto Oftentation, Ceremonies, and Conftraint. Inhu
youthful Days he lov'd Pleafures, but he abandon'd
them as foon as he was animated with a Thirft for
Glory. He wasborn in France, but left that King-dom in 1683, out of difguft that ha was no more
taken notice of, and came to Fiennajuft before the
Turks laid fiege to it. He made the Campaign as
a Volunteer, and diftinguifh'd himfelfin fuchaman-ner that the Emperor Leopoldgave him in De-
cetnberfollowingthat Regiment of Dragoons which
ftill goesby hisName. When the Siegeof Vienna
wasrais'd, he ferv'd in Hungaryunder Duke Cbarles
of Lorrain, and Maximilian EmanuelEJectorof Ba-
varia. The firft time that heobtain'd the Command
of theImperialArmy was in 1697, when he beganwith the Vi&ory at Zenta whereby 22,000 Turks
loft their Lives; a Lofs which they could not re-
2$B V I E N N A.
cover, and which put them upon fuing for the
Peace that wasgranted
to them at Cdrlowilz in
i6gg. The Prince afterwards commanded in Itafy,
Germa/y, Flatiders, and laftly in Hungary-, and
wherever he went Conqueft attended him. To give
you a Détail of his Atchievemcnts would be to an-
ticipate the Hitlcry which is to immortalize them;and to which you will not take it ill if I refer you.As to the Digniries and great Employments of this
Prince, he is Chief Counfellor of the Council of
Conférences; PreGdcnt of the Aulic Council of
War Commander in Chief or Lieutenant-General
of the Armies of the Emperor and Empire; his
Impérial Majeity's Vicar-General in Itaiy\ Colonel
of a Regiment of Dragoons; and Knight of the
Golden Fleece. Ail his Employments may be
worthabout300,ocoFlorinsaycartohim. Befides
this, he has a confiderable Eftate inHunçary
and in
the Neighbourhood of Vtenna, which bnngs him in
about 100,000 Florins fer Ann. more. He holds
thofe Lands by the Emperor's Bounty who gavethem to him as a Reward for his important Ser-
vices.*
The
Thi» great General who was born the 8th afO3octr 1663,O.S. died on the ioth of 4>r;7 1736, O.S. fo fuddcnly, thatwhm bis Gentleman went that Moming, as nfual, into his
Chambertoawakehim, hewatfbnnddeadinhisBed. Hehadbeen the day before very gay with Company whom h. en-
tertain'd at Dinner, and made not the teaft Compkint of anyAilment, tho' he had for fome time before been fo tndifpos'dthat he did nor venture abroad. *Tii fuppofed that he was
choak'd by an îmmoderate Defluxk» of Rhenmwith which hewasnow and then trouble His fndden Death cafl the Cityand Court of Finma into fuch a Confiernationas did prodigi-ou«Honour to his immortal Memory. On the t jth, after ha-
vins lain thm days in State, he was ioterr'd in the Tomb cfhis Nephew EmammtiPrince of S&vy (which the Princefscf
Savy Countefsof Seijbnscaus'd to be ereâed in theMetropol:-fcn Church of St. Stefbn) with all the Military Honours, ardail the Magnificencedue tobis illuftrious Biith, and wthcfc im-
portant
V I E N N A. 239
The Marlhal Count Guido Startmberg is one of
thofe Gentlemen alfo who deferve particular refpefl:for their Virtue. He is defcended of a Familywhich has given great Gênerais and wife Minifters
to the Emperors of the Auftrian Family, and
bas fupported the Glory of his Anceftors in a fignaimanner Hungary, Itoly, and Spain, have been
Witneflês of Bravery and confummatt Wifdom
in the Art of commanding Armies, and have ad-
mir'd him the more becaufe they faw him always
gaining Viâories withArmies ill paid, deftitute of ail
Nereflaries, and very much inferior to his Enemies.
This General enter'd very young into the Service in
quality of an Enfign, and advanc'd himfelf by de-
grees. He was made Lieutenant- Colonel a little
before the Turks Undertaking againft ViennOy and
while it was bcfieg*d, ferv'd as Adjutant to his
Coufin Erneft-Rudigcr Count de Staremberg, the De-
fender of Vienna* This Count Guido, aftcr havingbeen a few years in the Service, was preferr'd to
the Regiment of Foot of which he is ftill Colonel.
When
portant Services which he perform'd to the Auguft Houfc of
Jufiria during the Reigns of three fuccelfiveFmperors A Willwas foundamonghis Papers, wherebyhe declar'd thé late Prince
Eugèneof Savoyhis Nephew who died the yen before at Man-beim his nniverfal Heir. Bat after that time a Codicil was
made, tho' never fign'd by Prince Eugène,dedaring for his Heirhis Niece Leui/adtStiffint of Carignan (whowas born December
16, 1686.) then it a Nunnerj in France. The Prisse left be-hind him a nmneroas and curions Library of Bocks, many ofwhich he bought when at LcnJm of CbriflopbtrBateman ia
Pater-nofter Rtvt, befides a fine Cabinet of Medals and otherCuriofities. The Emperor bas bought his Library of hisNièce for 20000 Florins.
Sincethe Prince'sDeath the CountdeKenigfegVice-Prefidentofthe Council of War, bas the chiefDireûion of Miiiury Affairsat this Court, and fignsall Difpatchesand Commiffionswhichthat Princefign'd asnrft Prefidentof thefaid Council, for thirty-three years. His Regiment of Dragoons is given to PrinceCharlesof Lorrain, but the Honourshe held as General in Chiefof the Emperor's Forces, and his Imperial Majefty's Vicar-Ge-neral in. halj, are liketo continuevacant byreafcaoftaePea.ce.
44° V i e n n À."
At
When he wasvery young he was made Great Com-mander of the TeutonicOrder. 1 do not mcnriorfhis Exploits to you, becaufe they are fo much ce-lebrated by Famé that you cannot but know them:This General, tho* very much advanc*d in years,retains all his juvénile Ardor, and wou*d ftill be
very capable ofcommandinç.Havmg mention'd two of die Emperor's greateft
Gênerais you will not be forry, 1 fancy, if 1 fhou'd
ghre you fome Account alfo of his chiéf Miniftersi
They are five in Number, and are call*dCounfellorsof the Conférences. Prince Eugène of Savoyis théfirft Counfellor, but withôut the Title of Prime
Minifter, that being a Dignity not known at the
Imperial Court.
TteQyontLewis de Zinzendorf, Chancellorof the
Court, and Knigtit of theGoldenFleece, isthe fecond
Counfellor of the Conférence: He is a Nobleman
dcfcended of a Family which has been for à longtime eminent in Jiuftria. His Mother was à Prin-
cefs ofHolfiein,who married to her fécondHirfbattd
the Marlhal Count de Rahuin Governor of TranfyUvaniay but died a few years ago in a very advanc'd
Age. 1 had the honour to know her the laft dme
I washère her Houfe being the Rendezvous of ail
People of Rank. Count Zinzaidorfwas in theMi-
niftry m the Reign of Leopcld. He was that Em-
perOr's Minifter Plenipotendaryin France, wbile thfe
Marinai de VtUarswasatVieitnawidithe fàmeCharac-
ter from LewisXIV. At the Death of the Emperor
Jofepbtthc CountdeZinzenderfyns that Prince*sAm-
baûador to theStates-General,in whichChara£er he
was confirmed by the Emprefs Eleonorawho was
Regent during the Abfence of King Charles. He re-
paired from the Hague to Frankfort to aflift at the
Coronation of CharlesVI. and officiatedat the Cè-
remony as Vicar to the Great Treafurer of the Em-
piret a Dignity which is Hereditary in his Family.
VIENNA. 2|I
Vol. I. R G^îdea
At the Congrefs of XJtrechtwhich was open'd not
long after, the Count de Zinzendorf aftilted as thé
Emperor's firft AmbafTidor. He afterwards wentto the unfuçcefsfulCongrefs of Sorjfous,and fromthence to Yerfailles,where he fucceededfowell withthe Cardinal deFlewy, that he kept him tight inthofe pacifie Sentiments which the Enemies of his
Tranquillity, if not of his Glory, aim'd to makehim give up. The Count is now return'd hither,and almoft the only Man that adts in the Province
of foreign Affairs. His Intereft is very greir, forbdîdes the Etteem which the Emperor has for hisPerfon and Services, he is relatad to all the moft dif-
tinguilhed Perfonsat Court, and ftriâJy attached tothé Intereft of Prince Eugèneof Savoy,of whofeIn-
tegrity and difinterefted Zeal for the Emperor he is
very fenûble. The Count de Zinzendorf is prettytall and has z happy engaging Afpe6t. His De-
portment is noble. Heis pretty referv'd, but civil.He is very polite to Strangers, and hisHoufs is opento them. He kecps the nobleit and moft elegantTable at Vienne. He is magnificent in every thinghe does, and all his Avions lavour of the.Man of
Quality. He is Father of a numerous Family.The fecond of his Sons is a Cardinal and Bifhop in
Hungary Another isKnight oîMalta^ andJLku-
tenant-Colonel. As thefe are the two with whom1 am beft acquainted, fo they are tlie only ones 1
fliall menrion. 1 know not whether*tis pollible fora Man to be more fprightly than they both are.
The Chevalier has more Meule and Life than a
Cafcon He is very blunt in his witty Sallies, but
th, variety of them pleafes, and their novelty and
juftneis are furprizing.The Couat Gundackerde Staremberg, Président
of the Caarnbtr of Finances, and Knight of the
• Heis nowBifhopofBrtjltm; a Dignitywhichgiveshima diihnguifti'aRankin thisDuchy.
242 V I E N N A.
Golden Fleece, is the third Counfellor of die Con-ferences. His Integrity is very much cry'd up, andhe has manag'd the Finances in fuch a manner as to
guard againft the Public Hatred.The Count deScbonborn,Bithop of Batnhergand
Wurtzbourgi Vice-Chancellorof the Empire, is thefourth Counfellor of theConférences You know,Sir, that the ScbmbomFamily hasgiven us feveral
worthy Gentlemen; but Imay venture to fay, with
ail due Regard to the Memory of thofe great Men,and without fiattering the Vice-Chancellor, that ofall the Family he has the greateft Capacity for Bufi-
nefs, the moft generous Temper, and the moft en-
gaging and moft civil Behaviour. As this Prelate
has not hisEqual at ViennaforGrandeur and Riches,fo he has not his Fellow for Magnificence. The
Emperor has a fingularEfteem for him. The Vice-Chancellor has the Chancery of the Empire under
him, and no body above him but the Emperor, and
the Eleâor of Mentz^ who is the Great Chancellorof the Empire.
The Count de Konigfeck,Vice-Prefident of theAulic Council of War, is the fifth Counfel or of theConferences. This Nobleman, whofe Extractionis from a Family of Diftin6fion in the Empire, isone of the talleft and handfomeft Men at Court Heis the Emperor's Ambaffador Extraordinary at theCourt of Spain. His Family has for a long time
paft been attach'd to the Houfe of Auftria. Heftudied at Befançan, and was defignd for theChurch i but he quitted the Band, took to Arms,
and
• TheCountdeMetfeb,Vice-Prefidentof theAolic-Coancilofthe Empire,focceededhimintheOfficeoftheVioe-Chucel«1er Md théCoeat~&~M-?XM*<M~«<M~of ~Mv~Alor ud the CoontAhqfius-'TbtwuuRaiamd ofherrmcbRtb-rtm, beretoforeViceroyof Nefia, heitditaryMaflercf theHorièof UpperandLowerJmjtria,Maiflialof théStuesofthéConntry,Knightof theGoldenFleece,isappointedCoun-feUcrof thé Conférencesin the roomof th: Countdt Scbon-hr*.
V IE N N A. 243
and enter'd into the Service of the Emperor Léo-
pold in which he had not been many Ycars beforehe had a Reg;ment of Foot, and the Emperor Jo-
fepbmade him his Chamberlain. He a;fo gavehimthe Government of Mantua, from whencehe wasrecall'd by Cbarles VI. and fent to take poflèflionof the Netberlands in the Name of the Emperor,to whom they were evacuated for that purpofe bythe Maritime Powers. The Count de Konigfeck,during his Adminiftration of the Netberlands, con-cluded the Barrier Treaty with the States General.At Bruffelshe married Madamoifelle de Lanoi la
Aiotterie, a young Lady of a good Family, and
diftinguirti'd Merit. When he left the Nelberlandshe went Ambaflador from theEmperor to the Courtof France wherehegain'dgreatEfteem, efpeciallyfrom the Duke of Orltans, the Regent a Princewho was an excellent Judge of Merit, and veryfoaringof his Applaufe. After three Years ftay at
Paris, the Count return'd to Vienna. He attendedthe Archduchefs, Wife to the Electoral Prince of
Saxony, inquality ofSteward, to Drefden-,and at hisreturn wentto theGovernment of TranJUvania. Butthe Emperor recall'd him from this Poft and fent
him his Ambaflador Extraordinary to Spain wherethe Count is as much efteem'd as he was at Paris.
'Tis faid that he is in entire Favour with their Ca-
tholic M:f:jefties;neverrhelefshe makes fuch earneft
Application to be recall'd, that *tis faidhe will ob-
tain hisRequeft, and that his Nephew*,whois the
Emperor's Minifter Plenipotentiâry to the States-
General, is already nominated to relieve him t.R 2 In
TheCbonttUKmgfickEfi. Heaûuallywentto Spain,witha defignto relievehisUnclc bueasthe FaceofAâair»it aker'dai dûsCourt,theyarebothreturnd. The Countde
KamgfickErpiisat BraffthCounieliorofStateofBraban:.t rhe CountdoKmigfickis return'dhomefromhisEm-
baff/to Spain. Heattuailyofficiâtesas Vice-Prefidentof tneAulie
244 V I E N N A.
In the Councilof Conferencesthe moft importantAffairs of the Empire are taken into Confideration,and the Emperor is alwaysprefent.
Befidesthe five Minifters whom I have now men-tion'd to you, there are feveral others whofe In-tereft is more circumfcrib'd. Every Kingdom fub-
jeft to the Emperor has its Minifter and particularChancery.
Count Badiani directs the Affairs of Hungary, in
quality of its Vice-Chancdlor.The Affairs of Bobemiaare in the Province of
Count Kinjkiy the Chancellor of that Kingdom,who has a Vice-Chancellor under him, with a greatmany Affeffors and Counfellors.
The Councilof 5/6/* confiftsof aPrefident, Vice-Prefident, and Counfellors. Its Authority extendsover all the Kingdoms that were formerly fubjeâ to
SpatMybut yidded to theEmperor by the Peace. The
Caanx.deMonte-Santo>a Grandeeoffy»*, Brotherto the Count de Cinfuentest Conftable of CaftiU, isPrefidcnt of this Council || in which Officehe fuc-ceedcd the Archbifliop of Faientia, who quitted hisSee to follow the Emperor whom he had acknow-
ledg'd for his Sovereign in Spain.Of all the Tribunals at Viennathe Julie Council
is the moft venerable; becaufe'tis theParliament ofthe Empire. It is compos'd of a Prefident, viz.
the
AnlicCooneilofWtr, andasPrivjr-CoaBfellorof theConférai.ces. HeisLieatenau-GeneraloftheEmperor'sArmies,Colonelof a Régimentof Foot andi*htdy createda KnightoftheGoidesFleece. TheCoontdtMtrcjbeingkiird at theBattleof Parwta, the ipth of Jmmt,1734. the EmperorfenttheCornui* KMÙrfkhtoItafy,andgavehimtheCommandofhisAnnjr,whichwu ina very(hatter'dCondition,andwhichtheCoontAKmùgfitkfetto righwagain,in focha manneras tocommandRefpedevenfromhisEnemies.
| HisNameandTitleisJiftfb et SiJvmjMene/et,Marqucftdt ntUfirtQaaanUMmi-SmMtt.
VI ENNA. 245
R3 LET.
theCountif Wurmbrandt; a Vice-Prefident, who
is the Count de Metfcb and of eighteen Counfel-
lors, among whom there muft be fix Proteftants,and of thefe one muft be a Calvinift. This Tri-bunaljudges of ail Civil Caufesbetweenthe Princesand private Men of the Empire. Its Authorityterminates with the Emperor's Life and ftis on
this account only that the fupreme Tribunal of
Wetzlar, which fubfiftseven during the Vacancy of
the Imperial Throne, challengesPrecedence of the
Aulic Council. 'Tis a Miftake to think, as many
Foreigners do, that the Aulic Council takes Cog-nizance of Affairs of State for its foie Bufinefsis
to do Juftice It regifters no Edift unlefs it be its
own Sentences and is much more limited than
the Parliaments of Franct, which hâve at leaft the
Privilege of lofing Time in Remonftrances.
I perceive too that I am in a fair way to makeyoulofea great deal, if I don'tput anend to my Legend j1which therefore I now do, and refer the reft of the
Remarks that 1 have to entertain you with to ano-
ther Poft.
I kifsyour Handy andom, &c.
ThejrareharelyOpinitm,ind donotpaisintoDecreestill
fhcyarcapprofedbytheEmperor.
246 V I E N N A.
LETTE R XIII.
S I R, Vienua,Decem.to. 1729-
THE RE are fome other Articles which 1
N cannot but add to thofe 1 have already
given you from Vienna. The Police of
this City îs adminifter*d hy a Stadtholder. The
Peribn that now fills that Poft is the Count de Keb-
venbuller who is alfo a Minift r of State, ;nd
Knight of the Golden Fleece. His Fun&ions are
the fame with thofe ôf the Lieutenant of thé Policeat Paris, and nothing makes the Difference butthe Tule only it muit be obferv'd that the Stadt-
holdcr isalways a Perfon of noble Extraction, and
a Gentleman of the Army, whereas the Lieutenant
ofthe Police at Paris is often of mean Extraction,but alwaysa Gentleman of the long Robe.
The Governour of Viennahad feldom any other
Title than Colonelof tbeCity. The prefent Gover-
nour is the Marfhal Count Je Daun, the fame thatdefended Turin, who was fix Years Viceroy of
Naples, fix Months Governour of the Netberlands%and afterwards four Years Governour of Milan
His Lieutenant-Colonel, who is the Count Maxi-
tBilian de Starembergy Lieutenant-General of the
Emperor's Forces, and Colonel of a Regiment of
Foot, commands in his abfence, and bas the Di-rection
Whenhereturn'dtoVienna,afterthefrtncbandSatnyardshadtakenMilanin 1743.feveralAniclesof Complaintwereexhibitrdag^infthim buthemadefo fulla Dettnceaeainftthe Impeachment,thattheEmperorhasthe fameConfidencein himasbefore.
Vif. nna. 24.7
R 4 Uuard.
reftion of the Fortifications, the Arfenal, and theGarifon. This Garifon conflits of a Regiment of
Foot, compos'd of veteranSoldiers, or the Burghersand Artificers of Vienna, from whence this Regi-ment never ftirs. The Employments in this Corpsare very lucrative but as they don't lie in the Roadto theTemple of Honour, they are not much folici-ted by Perfons of anyconfiderableExtraction. Yetthis Regiment, as little efteem'd as it is, perform'dvery good Servicesduring the Siege of ViennabyKara Mujlapba, Grand Vizier to Mabomet IV.It afted then under Erneft-RudigerCount de Sta-
reniberg, who was Commandant in the City andboth the General and his Garifon acquir'd verygreat Glory by the Refiftance which they made.But perhaps with all their Bravery they cou'd nothave prevented the Place from being taken, liad itnot been for the Avarice of the Grand Vizier, who
hoped to be Mafter himfelf of the vaft Treafuresthat he knew were in the City, and was therefore
againft ftorming the Town, for fear left if it were
carry'd by that means, the Soldiers would haveihar'd the Plunder.
The Siegeof Viennabeing foreign to my purpofe,1 lhall fay nothing of it. You know that Il was
raifed by the Affiftance that wasbrought to it bythe brave John SobiejkiKing of Poland who de-
feated the Turks on the I2th of September, 1683,and return'd home laden with Glory and Booty,
having madehimfelf Mafter ofall the GrandVizier'ss
Equipage. Upon this occafion he faid a pleafant
thing in a Letter which he wrote to the Qaeen his
Wife, whohadnota very implicit Faith in the Max-ims of Senecaon the Contempt of Riches Youc fhan't iay when I corne home, as the Tartary
Womendo to their Hufbands when they return
from the Armywithout Booty, Touare not a Uan
for me, becaufeyou comeempj-banded for tiic
248 V I E N N A.
GrandVizier hasmade me foieHeir of ail he had.1You need not be told that tliis was the Second
time the Turks were forc'd to raife the Siege of
Fienna for Solimanthe Sultan befieg'd je in the
Reign of Charles V. but with no better Succefs
than Kara Mufiapba. 'Tis true that the DIrap-
po:ntmenc he met with was not fo fatal in its Con-
fequenceto the Sultan as the other was to the Vizier
oîMabcmet IV. who was ftrangled at Belgradewhen
Mahometwas there: And the Head of this Minifter
is ftilito be feenin theArfenal at Vienna. The Tranf-
lation of this TurkijhRelique hither from Belgradewas pretty extraordinary. Some Years after Kara
Mufiafha had been ftrangled, when the Germans
took Belgrade, the Soldiersbeing inform'd where the
Grand Vizier wasburied, open'd hjs Tomb in hopesof Treafure, but found nothing except the Body in
its Shirt, on which there were feveral Arabie Cha-
rafters, and an Alcoran. The Govemour beingtold of it, remember'd that this very Grand Vi-
zier, when he laid Siege to Raab, which he was
oblig*d to raife, faid, That if he took the Town
he wou'd have the Head of its Bifhop cut off, who
was then the Count Lecpoldde Collctiitz, and fend
it to the Sultan, to be reveng'd of that Prelate for
taking Moneyout of the Convents,and encouragingthe Garifon therewith to make a vigorous Refift-ance. The Governour of Belgraderemembring, 1
fay, the Menaces of the Grand Vizier, thought itwou'd be a very agreeable Prefent to the Count de
CdlcnitZ) now a Cardinal to fendhim the Vizier*sHead and Body too, together with the Shirt and
Alcoran and he put up the whole very neatlyin a Cryftal Shrine, adorn'd with Silver Plates,and fent it accordingly to his Eminence who not
thinking this odd Prefent a proper Relique to be de-
poficedm his Chapel, gave it to the Arfenal here at
Vienna,Hewu Ucdeto theCardinalCtlUtàtx.ABp.cf Vitnna.
V I E N N A. 249
be
Yienna, where I have both feen the Muflulman and
felt him. 1 wou'd fain have pluck'd fome of the
Hairs of hisMuftachio, but the Guardianof the pre-cious Treafure watch'd my Fingers too narrowly.They iay that a piece of the Halter by which a Man
hangs himfelfis lucky, and why mayn't there be thefame Virtue in the Muftachio of the Grand Vizier ?Be it fo or not, 'twill alwaysdeferve an honourableStation in fome Cabinet of Rarities.
Since thé Siege of Vienna this City is much in-
larg'd. Its Fortificationsare fo augmented too thatif the Turks fhould ever be prompted by their ill
Fate to befiege it again, they wou'd find a ftouter
Refiftance, and a greater number of their Muftachios
findged than they imagine.The Emperor has lately given new Luftre to his
Capital, by prevailing with Pope BenediSXIII. toereft it into an Archbifhopric. Several Bilhops,particularly the Archbifhop ofPtfaw, havedifmem-
ber'd their Diocefes to aggrandife its Jurifdi&ion.The Cardinal deCollonitzis the Perfon who at pre-fent enjoys this Dignity, which gives him the Cha.raâer and Rank of a Prince.
The Roman Catholic is the only Religion exer-cis'd in Vienne and in ail Auftria but the Miniftersof the Proteftant Crown'd Heads have the Liber-
ty here, as well as elfewhere, of keeping a Chapel.When theholy Sacrament or the Viaticum iscarriedto any fick Perfon, 'tis always attended by Guardswho oblige aUPeople that meet it to kneel. 1 havefeen the Emperor, when the Viaticum was paflingby, alight out of his Coach and accompany it toChurch. This Prince, and indeed all thofe of his
Family, always paid a very great Devotion to the
holy Sacrament of the Altar. Of this Pbilip IV.
King of Spaingave a very edifving Proof; for thisMonarch going thevery day that the King hisFather
died, from the Palace of Madridto the Monaftery of
Se JeronimodelPafo in a clofeCoach, that he might
2ÇO V I E N N A.
What
be incog. alighted out of it to accompany the Via-
ticum which they were carrying to a fick Man
whereupon the Conde Duke d'Olivarez told him,That the King his Father was fo lately dead that
he ought not to have been feen in public. MyLord, faid the King, ibis Cuftomcannot excufeme
front paying that IVorJbipto Godwhicb I votebim.
It may be faid of the auguft Houfe of Avftria,That as few Princes equal them in Piety, fo there
are few that equal them in Birth. There may be
Families that have been longer grac'd with the
Diadem but of thefe there are very few that have
fuch great Alliances. There is no King, and not
many Sovereign Princes but what are related to
them and there are very few Kingdoms to which
the Houfe of Aufiria has not given Queens. 'Tis
now 300 Years that it has been Milïrefs of the
Empire and finceAlbert II. it has given thirteen
Emperors to Europefucceffively. One of the Prin-
ceffes of Auftria had fo many great Relations that
1 cannot help mentioning her. This was the Em-
prefs Mary, Wife to the Emperor Maximilian, Son
to Fesdinand I. This Princefs wasSifter to PbilipII. King of Spain,and the Daughter, the Wife, the
Daughter-in-law, and the Mother of five Empe-rors the Grand-daughter, the Daughter, the Sifter,t-and the Aunt of four Kings ofSpain and the Mo-
ther-in-law of two Kings, viz. Cbarles IX. Kingof France, and Philip II. King of Spain, A mo-
dern Auchrr fays, that the Origin and Kindred of
this Princefs infinitely furpafled thofe of Âgrippina,who, according to the Report of tacitm^ was the
Daughter of Germanicus, theSiûerofCaliguIa, the
Wife of ClaudiitSyand the Mother of Nero. But
when I confider how perfeâ: a Mafter you are,both of Hiftory and Genealogy, 1 oight to beg
your pardon for my Impertinence in troubling youwith thefe Inftances.
Vl E N N A.. 2CI
made
What remains for me now, is to communicatefome Remarks td you which I have made upon the
Auftrians in general. I (hall begin with the Wo-
men, whom I fhall paint to you, as Burrbus fays,with the Freedom of a Soldier, who is not the beftLimner.
The Women here, as in all other Countries, areeither handfome or ugly. In gênerai they are ratherhandtome than pretty, for they are dull Beauties.
They are all tall and well fhap'd they walk well,but when they curt'fy, do it in fuch an aukward
manner, that one would think their Backs were in
danger of breaking. In their Drefs they affeét
Finery rather than a good Fancy. Two or three
exccpted. there's npne that lay on the Red, muchlefs the White, and Patches are very little wornin a word, they have nothing about them that de-notes Coquettry. As to their Humour, they arereckon'd frank, tho' noteafily made familiari theyare naturally vain, and like all ourGermonWomeD,
pretty referVd, and not fo fond of Gallantry as
they are of Gaming, Luxury, and Magnificence.Such is their Indolence that they concern them*felvesno more about their Houfhold Affairs than if
they were Strangers. They know no Books buttheir Prayer-Books, are
eztremely credulous, and
give into all the Externals of Religion This makestheir Converfattion fometimes infipid and unlefsnow and then a Love-Story falls in, Rain and Fair-Weather are their general Topics. They have atleaft as great a Conceit of Viennaas the Pari/tanshave of Paris for out of Viennathey think there'sno Salvation. Bat ail thefe little Defe&s are re-
pair'd by an uncommon Greatnefsof Soul, and Ge-
nerofity. They are hearty Friends, and warm Pro-tectors of thofewhofe Intcrefts they efpoufe. When
they are in love, theirPaffionis fincere and infteadof ruining their Loyers, there are fome who have
«52 VIEN NA.
not
made the Fortunes of thofe to whom they havetaken a Fancy. Upon this Head 1have been told,that in the Reign of the Emperor Jofepb%when
Gallantry was more in vogue than 'tis now, therewas a Lady, who being in love with a Gentleman,and having a mind to make his Fortune without theCenfurc of the Public, thought fit in an Aflemblywbere her Spark eut atBaffet, to punt againft him.She fet a Bett, without telling a Soul how much fheftak'd. Her Hulband coming into the Roomwhere they were at play, fhe rofe up, took theMarks that were againft her, threw them on the
Ground, and faid to the Banker, loud enough tobe heard by her Hufband, owt you, Sir, 40000Florins. The Hulband in a very great Surprizeafk'd what was the matter ? I bave been fucba Fodt faid fhe, pointing to the Banker, as to lofe40000 Florins to Monfieur N. Tonbave reafontotbidemti but bowevermyDebtmufibepmi. TheHufband indeed grumbled very much, and faid hewou'd not pay. Wbatf reply'd the Wife, won*t
youpay tbe Gentleman? It jhallfare tbe worfewitb
you if you^don't,for I an refait?i to pay bit» infâmeCoin or eîber. The Huiband perceiving his Wifefo refblute, and that if he did not depofite the
Money it wou'd fubjeâ him to the Lofs of what
was more precious, chofe rather to part with the
Cath d indeed he had no reafon torepent of it,for theXady's Heart was fo won by it, thac fhe re-
nounc'd the Sight of her Lover from that Moment,and made a very fober Wife.
This, Sir, is ail I have to give you concerningthe Temper of the Women. Let me tell youalfo how they fpend their Time. They rifê late.
As foonaîmoft as their Eyes are open, they call for
Chocolate, asd fend to their Hufbands to know
who they have inpited to Dinner, and whetber there
is rootn for any more Guefts. If the Lady does
VlENN A. 253
They
not like the Company, fhe fends notice to fome
Lady of her Acquaintance that fhe intends to dine
with her but if therebe room at home, as a polireHufband always takes care to leave fomeat the Dif-
pofal of hisWife, the fendsan Invitation to whomihe pleafes. After this fhe dreffes and goes to
Mafs for here the Ladies are ail fo devout that
there's none but what hears at leaft one Mafs
in a day. There they read in five or fix different
Prayer-Books, kifs ail the Piéhires that are at the
head of the Prayers, and very dcvoutly tofs theirBeads. After the Office is over, they commonlychat a quarter of an Hour in the Church. Then
they go abroad and make fome friendly Vifits, or
elfe go home to receivethem. At thefeVilirs, theyhear all the News in Vienna. During this they haveail a little Box of IndianLack upon their Knees, in
which they thread Gold till Dinner-time. When
that's over, they drink Coffee or play at Quiniietili Night, when they go to Court. From the
Emprefs's Apartment they adjourn to the Afïèm-
bly, where they divert themfelvesat Piquet, or at
Quadrille and then retire, undrefs themlelves, goto Supper, and thence to Bed, well pleafed to think
with what Indolence and Idlenefs they have tpentthe Day.
The Women of the fecortd Clafs, in which 1include the Gentlewomen that have no Titles of
Honour, viz. the Wives of the Aflcffors, Refe-rendaries and Agents of the Court, difeover fuchan Air of Plenty and Profperity as is remarkably
furprizing.Their Houfcsare richly.furnühed, and
thetr Tables well ferved. If a Referendary has a
mind to a nice bit, no body muft offer to take it
andthe beft of every thing is v.hat they are fure te
lay hands on. B^lly Cheer is one of thofe thingswhich the Aufiriam generaîly think of moft Theyrequirca greatmanyDiflies, and thofe well-cramm'd.
25+ V I E N K A.
Motard,f
5
They are fo very much accuftom'd to thisProfufioitof EatabJcs that 1have known fome young People
in Aujtria affirm they don't know what good Eat.
ing is in France, becaufe they don't ferve up a
coupleof Loins ofVcal in one Difh. Différent forts
of Wines are what they are alfo vcry much us'd to,which certainly is very expenfive becaufe foreignWines payconfiderableDuties; yet nothing lefswill
ferve them thaneight or ten fortsof Wine, and I havebeen at Houfes where there have been no lefs than
eighteen. They place a Note upon every Plate ex-
prefling the feveral forts of Wine at the Beaufet.The Burghers and common fort of People mi-
mick the Nobility as far as their Purfes will affbrdand it may be faid that no Nation in the World isfo extravagant as this.
The Aufirians are naturally proud and haughty,and expert ail Mankind fhould ftoop to them. Astheir Sovereign is in the firft Rank among the Chri-
ftian Princes, fo they think theirs to be the chief Na-tion in the World. Nothing ismore vain nor more
infupportable than a young Aujtrïan, whofe Father
is in any Rank atCourt. They are in roxicatedwithPride and Prefumption and as they know them-
felvesto be rich, and their Fathers to begreat Lords,
they think they may defpifc all the World, and Jayafide that courteous and polite Behaviour whichwould fo well become their Birth. Yet what 1here
obferve to you concerning the young People is not
fo ui.iverfally true as not to admit of great Excep-tions, which is the Cafe of every thing afferted
in the gencral.The Court is not without Ladies who are much
to be valued. The Emprefs Regent honours withher Confidence Madame the Countcfs de Fucbstwhofe Hulband was Minifter of State to the Em-
peror, and his Plenipotentiaryat//aar^^«rg-, where
he died. This Countefs is Sifter to the Count d*
VIENNA. 2ÇC
of
Molard, Steward of the Emperor'sKitchens. Sheis a very polite Lady, and is fo far from being en-
vyd for being a Favourite that all Perfons of Di.ftinftion agree ûHedeferves it, becaufe fhe fupportsit with Modefty, and makes no other Uft of it butto do good.
Madamoifellede Klenckhas a very great fhare inthe Favour of theEmprefs Dowager, which 1 taketo be a Reward due to her long Services, and toher Merit. She is chief Maid of Honour to that
Princefs, and has been engag'd to her ever fincefliehas been at Vienna. If the Charaétcr of a thoroughGentlewoman may be attributed to any of the Sex,Madamoifelle de Klenckdeferves it more than anyother, it beingimpoffiblefor a Perfon to have more
Integrity, and more Generofity.The Countefs Dowager of dltbeim, of the Pig~
natelli Family, in regard to whofe Rank 1 ought tohave mention'd her firft, if 1 obferv'd a very ftriétOrder in my Writings, is a Native of Spain.The Count iïAhbeim married her at Barcelona.Her Beauty was the more admir'd in Spain becaufeIhe was fair. This Lady has a noble Air, and hasa Genius capable for Affairs of the greateft Confe-
quence. Their Imperial Majetties pay her greatDiftinftion, and all the Courtiers honour and re-
fpeft her, fo that now in her Widowhood Ihe con-
tinues in good Credit, and almoft as much Autho-
rity as fhe had when that great Favourite her Huf.
band was living.The Gentry of Aufiria* and of all the Empe-
ror's Hereditary Dominions, are fo fond of the
Title of Count, that the Gentlemen buy and follicit
it as eagerly as if it was a great Eftate. 'Tis well
for them that the Difpatch of their Patents does noÇcoftmuch; forthegreateftPrivilegewhichthisbringsthem is al1a Chimaera. Thefe Countsmay be faidto hold the fame Rank among the ancient Counts
â t6 Vienîia.
Mo-5
of the Empire as the King*sSecretariesin Francedo among the Gentlemenof goodFamilies.
As for Gendemen, theyarefocomrnonhere thatthere are fearce any others to be feen. Ail the
Agents of the Court,andall theRefercndariespro-pire diemfelvesa Title, tho' I knownot whyforneither they nor their Wives dare to rank them-
felves amongthe Prime Nbbility. This Madnefiof theirs to be enobkdïs to common, and fo eafyto be gratified, thatlhaveknownaMan,whowas
fbrmcrlyMeflenger to the Emperor Jofepbtpur-chafe theTide of Baronand his Childrenbegmtoïnix with !the GrandMmit.
Thefe, Sir, wereail the Remarks that I rriade
upon the Jhftrians. I muftgive yon a fcwParti-culars concerning thé Emperor's Perfon. I hâve
already fiudfomething to you of hU Charaâer i"Whatfollowsis to fliewyou how graterjil he is,and howfricndly, Virtues whicharethé moreto beefteem'd in him becaufethey are not the moftfa.
miliar to great Men.The Emperor fhowsail poffibleMarks of Gra-
titude to thofe Spauiardswhoadher*dto him whilehe vas at BarctUms. He Bas loaded them withWealth and Boooursî and if it*spoflibleforone'snative Country to be forgot, he bas put themin aSituation to fbrget tbeirs. This par^cularGood.nefsof the Emperor extendsto ail that followedhisFortunesin Spaià i whomhcdiftinguifhesuponallOocafions,and dota them goodpreferably to his
odier Subjeâs. As to Friendfiup, no Monarchever had morefor any Favouritc than Charles hadfor the late Count a^AUbeim his Maftcr of théHoriê. This NoblemanwastheEmperor's Page,vrhen he wasonly Arçh-Duke i and he attcndedthat Princeto 5/>fli», wherehis Care, hisServices,his Affiduity,andaboveail his Honeftyand hisIn,
tegrity, wonhimdie intireConfidenceof die young
V EN N A. 257
Vol.I. S LET-
Monarch. When this Prince became Emperor he
rewirded the Count with Honours, Wealth, and
Dignities. Hc lpy*d him as long as he liv'd, and
his MetnoryiiftiU dear to him. As foonashe died,
the Emperor ëêclar*dliimfdf Guardian to hisChil-
dren, gave Orders in what manner they fhou'd be
brought up, and now treats them much more likehis owk Children than his Subjeâs.' But whatwou*<fyou fay of the Emperor's tender Liove forthe Emprefs ? Some time ago this Princefs beingdangeroufly ill, thé Emperor not only fent for
his PhyQcîans,andconjur'd them toemployail thèirArt to fave hér Life, but promisr'd them Rewards
fuitable to that Service, and aâually watched withher-feveral Nights to fee her take the Remédies
they jprcfçnb'd. Does not a Conjugal-Love fo
perfeci:, deferveto be rewarded by the Birth of anArchduke? Adieu, Sir. If I wereEmperor, you,ihou'd be my Count d'Altbeim-ybut in the Con-dition I amin, you are thePerfon whom I honoiirmoft of alî Mankind i andam,&c.
258 Lintz. Munich.
rais'd
L E T T E R XIV.
SIR, Munich,Jan. s. 1730.AS came hither from Pienna, I ftay'd two
Days at Lintz, the Capital of UpperAu-
A ~ria. This City lieson the Daxxbe, overwhich there is a wooden Bridge. 'Tis a little
Town, but well built, and has fine Churches. ItsInhabitants are thriving, and they drive a greatTrade in Linnen Cloth. 'Tis the Refidence of a
great many Perfons of Quality, and of the Regencyof the Province, of which the Count de Tbirbemis the Chief. This Nobleman lodges in the"lin-
perial Palace, which ftands uponanEmincnce, andcommands the City. Thptiuilding is commodious
enough, but not Fo-magnificent. The EmperorLeopoldftay'd here during the Siege of Yierr>latinnot thinking himfelf fafe in it he retir'd to Paf-faw. The Neighbourhcod of Lintz is very agree-able. All the way hither from Viennathe Danubeis lin'd on both fides yryh Virieyards but fromLintz to this Place, inftead of Vines, there arePlantations of Hops.
Munich, in theGermanTongue Muncbenyftand9in the middle of a large Plain, and in the Centerof Bavaria, of which it is the Capital City. TheWalls of it are wafhedby the River Ifer 'tis a fmall
Town, but better built than fortified, for withinthefe tew Years feveral fine Houles have been
Munich. 259
rais'd in it. The Elector's Palace is one of die
biggeft Pilesof Building in Europt, but it wants a
gréât deal of beingfohandfomea StructureasMijfonand feveral other Authors have reprefented it foritsMagnificen-econfifts principallyinitsBulk. The
<hief Front, which looks towards a very narrow
Street, has the Refemblance of a fair Convent towhich the Image of the VirginMary over the greatGatecontributesnotalittle. Thatforwhich'tisheld inmoft Efteemis the great Apartmentwhichiscall'd the
Emperor*s Ayxrtment.TheConnoifièurs inPaintingadmire thé Pictures in the great Hall, whichrepre-fentboth Sacredand Prophane Hiftory, andare per-formed by the Hand ofCandi. The Chimney-piecein the fameRoom is very much efteem'd: Amongother fine Figures with which it is adorn'd, there's aStatue of Porphyry that reprefents Virtueholding a
Spearin the Right Hand, and in theLeft a giltPalm-Branch. In 1 632 when GujlavusAdolpbusKing ofSwedenmade himfélfMafter of Munich, he thoughcthis fo beautiful a Room that he was forry he couldnot get it tranfported to Stockholm. In the Reignof Ferdinand Mary, Grandfather to the prefentElector, great part of the Palace of Munich wasreduc'd to Ames, which Accident was, 'tis faid,thé Occafion of that Prince's Death for being at
Straubingenwhen he received the fad News ot the
Fire, he took Horfe immediatelyand rodewith fuch
Fury to Munich that he receiv'd a Fall which in
a little time prov'd his Death.The prefent Eleclor Cbarles-Albert-Cajetanhas
embellifh'd thePalacewith a newApartment, which,tho' not fobig as theEmperor's, exceedsit in Mag-nificence. 'Tis adorn'd with noble Piftures, an-
tique Bufts, and Valèsplac'd upon Tables of veryS 2 great
In tbeBeginningoftheYear 1750,this Apartmenrwasburntdownby a Firewhichbrokeoutin the Nighttime; tothat the EleftorandEleârefshad liketohavebeenbumtintheiiBeàs,andfgirceanyef thefineFurniturewasfav'd.
2Ôo Munich.
great Value and among other Things there's the
Piéture of the Virgin donc by St. Laie.There's a fecret Partage from the Palace thro'
littleGalleriesto ail the Churchesand Conventsin the
Town. The neareftChurch isthat of theTbeatins,which together with their Monaftery was built byMaria- Adélaïdeof SavoyWife to Ferdinand- Mary.The Fryars of this Convent muft be twenty feven
in number, and all Men of Quality. They fubfift
by charitableDonations but dare not afkAlms, andmuft wait for fuch Provifions as Providence ihall
pleafe to fend them. When they have fufferMex-treme Want at any Time for three Days together,
they are permitted to ring a Bell as a Token of their
Diftrefs; but it has been obferv'd that this never
happen'd above twicefince their firft Eftablifhment,becaufe the Eleftors are too charitable to let themwant. The Tomb of the Princesof Bavaria is inthe Church of thefe honeft Fryars.
The Church of our Lady is the parochialChurchof Municb. Initisthe ftately Tomb of the Em-
peror Leivii of Bavaria who died of Poifon. 'Tisadorn'd with a great many fine Figures of Brafs andMarble. In thisChurch the Ele&or on the 24th of
April laft inftituted the Order of St. George, byAuthority of Pope BenediclXIII. The Ceremonywas perform'd with a vaft deal of Pomp, and the
Eledor of Cologn officiated at the High Mafs.The Promotion confifted of three Grand Priors,fix Grand Croflfes, a Commander, and fixKnights.Some time after this firft Promotion the Eleâormadea fecond, in which he appointed one Grand
Crofs, and nine Knights. 'Tis faid there will
fpeedilybea third Promotion ofeight more Knights,the whole Number being to confift of forty
TheTheTheOrderconfiftsatprefentofa GrandMafterwhoisthe
Eleétor,andtwoGrandPriors,whoare theElectoralPrinceand DukeFtrJinandtùx. GrandÇioflcs,nineCommanders,andfeveralKnights. •
Munich. 261
b 3 mony,
The Eledtor intends to annex Commanderies to
his Order. They who are admitted into it muft
give Proofs of their Extraction from fixteen De-
fcents; and this is fo ftrittly obferv'd that his moft
Serene Electoral Highnefs, as Grand Mafter of the
Order, has renounc'd ail Power of granting any
Difpenfation from it. According to the Statutesof
this Order ail the Knights are oblig'd to be Catho-
lics, to défend the Faith and the Church, to pro-tect Widows and Orphans, and to pra&iiè ail the
Chriftian Virtues. The Badge of the Order is a
large Sky-blue Ribbon border'd about the breadth
of an Inch with a black and white Stripe and at
the end of the Ribbon hangs a Crofsenamell'd with
blue, in the middleof whichthere is a St. George.The Church and Convent of the Reverend Fa-
thers the Jefuits are two very magnificentStructures.
The Roof of the Church which is one fingle Nave
is a Work of Skill and Ingenuity, wherein the
Apertures are contriv'd with very great Art; for
which reafon, the Curiouslook upon this Fabric as
a Mafter-piece of Architecture.
The Church of theReverend Fathers ofSt. /fujlitt,tho' but of a moderate Size, contains Beautiesthat
are not always to be met with in greater Fabrics.
The Pi&ures with which it is adorn'd are highly
eiteem'd, and good Judges agrée there are few that
can parallel them.
Tho' the Houfes of Munichare allvery wellbuilt,
there are fewthat can be call'd Hotels or Palaces.
The Count Piofasa Pitdmontefehas caus'd one to be
built of late Years which is a confiderableStructure
with regard to the true Proportions of its Outfide,
and to the ingenious Diftribution of the Apart-
ments, which have fineDecorationsand good Fur-
niture.The Court of Bavaria obferves moft of the
Cuftoms of the Court of Viennain matters of Cere-
262 Munich.
ces
mony, but as for die reft, their Way of living is
different herebeing more Freedom, and more Di-verfion.
The Eleftor Charles-Albertdclights in Pleafuresand bodily Exercife, and acquits himfelf thereinwith a Grace. He is a comely Perfonage, and hasa grave, noble, and majcfticAir, fo that heis takenfor a proud Man yet few Princes are more gra-ciousand more civil to Strangers, and to his Sub-
jedb alfo he is eafy of Accefs. He was full of Lifeand Spirit whenhewasa Prince, and now that he isa
Sovereign is become fedate and moderate. He is
genteel, talks French, Italian, and Latin well, is
Mafter of Hiftory, and perfeffly acquainted withthe Intereft of Princes in gênerai, and that of hisown Family in particular. He fticks to Bufinefs,and above ail feems to be very earneft in redreffinghis Finances which he found in great Diforderwhen he acceded to the Elcctorate. The Eleôorwas born the 6th of Augitji, 1697. He is Son ofMaximilian-Emanuelfamous for his Viftories andfor his Difgrace, and ofTberefa-Cunegunda-SobieJki,Daughter of John SobiejkiKing of Poland. WhenCbarles came into the World he had a Brother liv-
ingwho wasborn of the Arch-Duchefs Mary-Maxi-miliany Emanuefs firft Wife. This young Princewho all Europe expefted wou'd be the SuccefforofCbarles II. King of Spain, dying &tBrujjèlsthe 6thof February, 1 699, Cbarlesthereby became the E-leftoral Prince He was bred up at Munich withfour of his Brothers, but both he and his Brothersfurrender'd Prifoners to the Emperor Jofepb afterthe Battle of Hocbftet, which fubjeéted all Bavariatô his Imperial Majefty. That Monarch had the
young Princes remov'd to Gralz, where he caus'dthem to be treated in a manner not fo fuitable totheir high Birth as^otheir decay'd Fortune. When
Jtfepb died, his SucccfforCbarlesVI. ufed the Prin-
M U N I C H.263
ceswith lefsSeverity, caus'd them to be honourablyattended, and fent them Maftcrs to inftruft themand upon the Peace of Rqftadt which reinftated théEleftor Maximilian-Emanuel in his Dominions, thePrinces his Children were reftor'd to him. Theyfinifli'd their Studies at Munich, after which the E-leftor fent the four eldeft to Rome, where the fe-
cond, whofe Name wasDuke Pbilip, died not longafter he had been chofeBifhop of Munfter and Pa-derborn. Cbarlts returning from Italy went to Fi-
enna, made the Campaign of Belgrade, and fomeYears after that, he marry'd Mary-Amelia-Anneof
Auftria, the late Emperor Jofepb'sfecondDaughter.In 1725, Cbarles and his three Brothers were at
FontainbleaUyat the Marriage of Lewis XV. and
next Year he fucceededhis Father who died at Mu-
nich lamented as he was ador'd by his Courtiers.The Elcctorefswhois a little Woman, very much
refembles the Emprefs her Mother, and has more
Vivacity than is common to the Princes of theHoufe ofAuftria. She prefersHunting to ail other
Pleafures, and there are few Days but fhe partakesof that Diverfion with the Eleétor, who, as well asthe Princes his Brothers, is fond of it.
The Eleétor has by his Marriage two Princesand two Princeffes. The eldeft of the Sons who
has the Title of the Electoral Prince is call'd Maxi-
milian-Jofepb, and was born the 28th of Marcb,
1727. His moft fereneElectoral Highnefs's three
Brothers are Duke Ferdinand, the EleCtcrof Cologn,and the Bifhopof Freifingenand Ralijbon. Of thefePrinces Duke Ferdinand is the only one who re-
fides at Munich. His moft ferene Highnefs is a
Lieutenant-General, and has a Regiment of Cuiraf-
fiers in the Emperor*sService. He isalfoa Knightof the GoldenFleece, and Grand Prior of the OrcLrof Sc. George. He marry'd Mary-Aan-Caroline of
S 4 iVfw-The fecondisdead.
294- M U,N 1 C H.
con-
Newbourg., by whom he has two Sons and onç
Daughter. 1 hâve already told you that he was
educated with the Eledtor his Brother, with whom
he made the Campaign of Belgrade^travell'd feve-ral times to Itafy, and laft of all to France, wherethofe Princes were admir'd for their Splendor, their
Politenefs, their good Tafte, and their fine Under-
ftanding. One fhan't find a Man more affablethan
Duke Ferdinand who is even ador'd at Munich^and is dearly bdov'd by the Ele&or his Brother.The Duchefshis Wife who is the beft-natur'd Prin-cefs in the World makes grand Entertainments,and is particularly civil to Strangers.
The Btfhop of FreiJtngen and in his fpendsmore of his Time at Munich than in his Diocefe.He is a Prince of great Penetration, Spirit and Vi-
vacity, is generous, liberal, and charitable, ex-
tremely civil, and 'fis impoffible to be acquaintedwith him without adding Love to that Refpeltand Vénération which are due to his Birth and
Charafter. He enter'd very young into Orders,and was confecrated BUhopby his Brother the E-leâor of Cologn. 'Twas thought at firft that héwou'd have made but an indifferent Ecclefiaflic,but he has demonftrated that he knows how to re-concile the Gravity of a Prelate with the Magna-nimity of a Temporal Prince.
The Court of Bavaria is without difpute themott g;illant, and the politeft in Germany. Weliave a French Comedy here together with Balîsand Gaming every Day, and a Concert of Mufic
three Times a Week, ac which ail the Company is
ma/k'd and after the Concert there's Gaming and
Dancing. Thefe public Afianblies, at which theEleftor and the whole Court are prefent, bring ina great Revenue to the EIe<aor*sJ aletsde Chambrejfor befides the Money which every one pays at
Entrante, they are alfo paid for the Cards, and are
Munich. 265
Tha
concern'd in almoft all the Banks fo that thofe
Domelbcs have almoft all the Cafliof the Nobility,with whom they don't fcruple neither to rank them-
felves. Befidesthefe noifyPleafures we have others
that are more tranquil, 1 mean thofe of civil Society.Of this kind there's more here than in the other
Towns of Germany but more (till among the Fo-
reigners that are in the Eleâor's Service than amongthe Bavarians for thefe are generally proud, tho*
»tiscertainly more owing to their Opinion that ic
gives them a good Air to be fo than to their Tem-
per and they aftually become more fociabîe when
they are made fenfible that their grand Airs are not
aftonifhing.The Title of Count is as common here as at Vi-
enna, and the Bavarian Counts have no greater
Privilèges than thofe of Auftriey for they are as
much Subjefts as the meaneft Gentlemen. 1 find
that thofe inPlaces,and whobear any Rank at Court
are much more polite than others. The Counts de
TbirbeitHyTorring, and Preifing who have the chief
Employments are fo civil that 1 believe there's
few Foreigners but will give them their Encomium.
The Eleftor has a very large Houlhold, and a
number of great OfEcers. Pli mention fomeof them
to you.The Count Maximilian de TorringSeefeldt is
Steward of the Eleftor's Houfhold, a Minifter of
State, and Knight of the Golden Fleece. This
Nobleman who is advanc'd in Years, is good-na-tur'd and civil, fpeaks little, is naturally grave, not
fond of Pomp, and Jivesretir'd in the middle of a
Court, but when he makes any Entertainment
does it with Grandeur. He never once abandon*d
the EIcctor Maximilian Emanuelhis former Mafter,
but follow'd him in his Fortunes both good and
bad.
2 66 MUNICH.The Count SigifmoàddeTbirbeimisGreat Cham-
berlain, a Minifter of State, and Grand Croix of theOrder of St. Gtorgt. He is very tall, and tho*his Air is not the moft affable, he is courtcous andcivil. He lives very nobly, and does the Honoursof the Court very handfomclyj confcquently he ii
generally beloved and efteem'd. He wis Governorof the Electar, who, contrary to mott Princes thatare not apt to retain an Efteem for thofe who oncehad the Care of their Education, givcs great Proofsof his Regard for the Count de Tbirbeim.
The Count Maximiïian deFugger is Grand Mar-fhal As he does not live at Munich, I have no-
thing particular to tell you of him.The Count Maximiïian de PreyfingMafter of the
Horfe, Prefident of the Chamber of Finances, aMinifter of State, and Grand Croix of thé Order ofSt. George,is a very polite Nobleman, but feriousand grave to the laft degree. 'Tis difficultfor anyMan to be more attach'd to his Religion, to havemore Candor, and to be more upright than thisMinifter. His Probity has brought Envy uponhim, but it bas procur'd him the Eleâor*s intire
Confidence. of which howeverthe Count makes nofarther Advantagc than is requifitc for his Mafter'sBulinefs. He isaccus'd of bemgclofe-fifted, and of
difluading the Eleôor from giving Gratuities; but'tis agreed that he is very charitable to the Poor.Tis a hard matter for a Minifter who has the Di-reâion of the Finances to pleafe every body, andhe is commonly the Butt ot pubJic Cenfure.
The Count de Retbberg Great Huntfman-f-, Mi-nifter of State, Prefident of the Council of War,Lieutenant General, and Grand Croix of the Orderof St. George, is Commander in Chief of the E-
leftor*s
• TheprefentGrandMarftialistheCountGauJiatz.deRed-ht g, a GrandCroixof theOrderofSt.Giargt.
f TheBisonit Frtyjt:gk a| prefentGreatHuntfman.
M U N 1 C H 267
3 °»
Je&or'sForces: He accompany'd the late Ele&or to
France where he acquir'd the Reputation of anex-
perienc'd fkilful General.
Ignatius-JofepbCount deTorring is a Minifter of
State, Gi^nd Mafterofthe Artillery, and a Grand
>oix of St. George. He followMthe late Eleétor
into France, and after that Prince was reftor'd he
went as Minifter Plenipotentiary to the ImperialCourt, where he negodated the Marriage of the
prefent Eleftor with the Archduchds, youngeft
Daughter to the late Emperor Jofepb.I cou'd tell you of many other Perfons of Dif-
tin&on at the Court of Bavaria, only I fear that
being tooparticular wou'd tire your Patience. The
Minifters who bear the greateft Sway are the
Counts Maximilian de Prejfing and deTorring, and
M. d'Unertel. The firft is Direâor of the Fman-
ces the fecond has the Province of Foreign Àf-
fairs and the third takes care of Affairs Domeftic
and Military. Thefe three Minifters are the Arbi-
ters of Bavaria, and to them the Tribunals of the
feveral Provinces muft apply.Bavaria is divided into four Cantons or Provin-
ces, viz. theCantons ofMunich, Burgbaufen,Land-
Jirut and Straubingen. Each of thefeProvinces has
a Regencyor Parliament jand an Appeal lies from
Sentencestherein pafs'd to the Eleélor's Council of
State.'Tis certain that Bavaria is one of the beft States
in the Empire. 'Tis faid that it brings in feven
Millions of Florins, and I have been affured byPerfons who have Opportunities of being inform'd
of the State of the Finances, that there was a time
when the late Eleftor received eleven Millions perAn*. The Riches of Bavaria are owing to the
Exportation of Salt and Corn, and to the Confump-tion of the Béer brew'd in the Country, which isas
good as any in the World. ïiroly and the Country
268 NVMPHENBOURG.
3 but
of Saltxbourg, have almoft all the Corn which they/pend from Bavaria, and the Eleftor bas a Florinfor every Sack that is exported. Another thingwhich is a Treafure to Bavaria is the Fir-Trees, aWood that fervesfor every Ufe that can be ima-
gin'd, whetherfor Building, or for Houlhold-Stuff.There is not a Province in the Empire where Pro-~ifions are cheaper, and in the mean time there's avaft Home-Confumption for beridesthat the Ba-yarians lovegood Eating and Drinking, theCountryis very populous; and 'ris computed that the Inha-bitants of Munich alone are above 40,000.
Of ail the Sbvereignsin Europe* next to the Kingof France, the Eleétor of Bavaria has the fineft
Pleafure-Houfes, for whichhe may thank the Elec-tor his Father who had a wonderful good Fancyand Judgment.
Nymphenbourg a mort League from Munich isa charming Place. The Caitle is to be feena greatway off by reafon of its Situation in the middle ofa great Plain, fo that from the Apartments of thefecond Story one difcovers a vaft Traâ of Coun*
try, and an in6nite number of Rural Beautiesthatare in the Neighbourhood of Munich. Mary-Aie-foide de Savoy (Mother to Maximîian-Emanael)who was extremely fond of the Arts and Sciences,and knew them perfeftly well, was the Pcrfon wholaid the Foundanons ofthat Caftle. The Man thatfhe employd to build it was an Italian Architectwhom ftie fent for out of Itely for the purpofe.But ail this Palace confifted only of one great Pa-
vilion. Maximilian-Emennel thinking the Cailletoo fmall, caufedfeveral Manfions to beadded ta if,
together with fine Stables and grand Gardens; in
fhort, he put the whole into that magnificent Con-dition we fcc it in at this day. His moft ferene
Eleétoral Highnefs lets the Pavilion ftand in purerefped to the Memory of his Mother who built ir,
NY MPHENBÔURG.. 269
high,
but "rispity he does; for 'tis much higher than thereft of the Edifice, and is no good Ornament tothe main Building. In order to give you a more
perfeft Ideaof this Houfe,I willtell you that it lookstowardsa great and magniBcentCanal terminated aceach end by a fpaciousBafin adorn'd with Water-works anddouble Rows of Trèes on each fidewhichformthe Avenues. Weenter into the Caflleby^ariA-fcent ofMarble Steps: The firft Room we-cbmetois a very great high Salon adom'd with Architec-ture ofPlaifterof Paris very well executed. Fromeach fide of this Salon there is a Paflàge into feveral
Apartments of which I fhall not ftop to give youthe Detail, becaufe 1 don't think it in my powerto convey a fuitable Idea to you of the Richnefsofthe Furniture, and ail the fine things that are in it.
Imagine only that the late Eleftor who had an
exquifite Tafte, and a noble Soul, fpar'd noCoft to adorn thefe Apartments. I pafs to theGardens which one enters from the Great Hall bya Defcent of Marble Steps. The fini thing thatftrikes the Eye is a Parterre of a vaft Extent, at theEntrance of which there is a great Bafon ornament-ed with a Group of Figures of mill'd Lead giltwith Water-Gold reprefenting Flora receivingFlowers from Nympbsand Cupids. At the end ofthe Parterre there is one of the rnoîl a3rce,ib!eWoods in the World, which iseut by three Walks
in form of a Goofe'sFoot. The middlemoftfronts
the great Pavilion of the Caftle, and has a largeCanal in the middle of it of whichone can't £e the
end: 'Tis terminated by a fine Cafcade form'.1 bylèverai B!ocks of Marble, and adorn'd with fine
Statues. The fecondWalk on the right hand leads
oie to the Mail which forms a Semi-Circle, and is
one of the fineft and longcft 1 ever faw. At the
Entrance of chisMail there is a Paviîion call'd Pu-
godebourg(theCajiieofthe Pagode;) 'tis two Stories
27O NyMPHENBOURG.
Tcfti-
high, and built in form of the Pagodes Temples.1 believe there never was any thing prettier. All
the Furniture of this little Palace as India»y of a
channingContrivanceandElsgancy; andthewhole
is fo weU laid out that notwithftanding the fmall-
nefs of the Houfe, the Eledor has every Conveni-ence in it that canbe defir*d. Over-againft Pagode-
bourg on the other fide of the Canal in the third
Walk hBadabourx (the Caftk ofbaths) which isa
more confiderableBuilding, and hasall theBeautyof
the Modern Bagnios. The Baths are fpacious and
lin'd with Marble. There is anApartment confiftingoffeveral Piecesadornedwith Stucco,andPiâures re-
prefcnting Venus'mthe Bath,Dianainthc Water with
her Nymphs, and the other Subjeéb of the Fable.
The wholeApartment glitters with Gold, and the
Furniture of it is rich, and of a charming Fancy.This beaotifijlHoufe isfurroundedwith fine Piecesof
Water adorned with Cafcadesand Statues. Thefe
Baths wou'd moft certainly defervea particular De-
fcription, and I am angry with myfelffor not beingable to give it.
*Tis certain that next to the Gardens oîVcr-
fnîltSy there is none fo magnificent as thofe of
Nyntpbenbourg;which is a Place that Art and Na-
ture feem to nave joined their Forces in order to
render noble and agreeable.The Caille of Scblei/beimisa more regular Build-
ing than that of Nympbenbourg,and makes fo grand
anAppearance that 1 don'tknowany Houfe in
Xierttumj that can comparewith it. The great
Stair-Cafeand the Salon m the large Apartment are
the only Pieces in their kind. They are fac'd with
Marble, and painted in a moft correcl and beautiful
manner.
Taco, Furftcnriet and Siarenberg are Houfes fit
far the Solacementof a Great Prince, and will be-
N Y M P H E N B OU RC. 271
L E T-
Teftimonies to Pofterity of the Eleâor Maximilian-
EmanueFsgrand and happy Tafte.
Of all the Elctâor's Houles Nympbeniourgis that
where the Court refidesmoft. It is aswell a Hunt-
ing-Houfe as a Pleafure-Houfe, by reafon of a Park
in the Neighbourhood which is eight Leagues in
compafs, and eut outinto a great numberof fine longRoads. Hère the Ele&or cornesto rouze the Stagand there is a little Park adjoining to the Gardens,
which, as well as the adjacent Fields, abounds with
Pheafants, Partridges, and ail other Game of thatfort.
When the Court-isat Nytnpbenbourgthe ElcStrefs
has a Drawing-Room there tluee times a Week
where there is Gaming, and when that is over the
Ladies fup with their Eleétcial Highnefles, whofometimesadmit Gentlemen of their Court to their
Table, but commonly ail Foreigners. They who
prefer taking the Air to Gaming, find openCalafhes
every Evening drawn by two Horfes, at the bottom
of the Steps on the fide of the Garden A Gentle-man drives the Calafh, two Ladies ride in it, and a
Gentleman ftands behind. And fuch as prefer the
Water find very neat Gondolasfinelygilt upon theCanal at their Service fo that there is no want of
any thing to add to the Pleafuresof all forts in this
inchanting Place.Were I to enumerateto youail thevarionsPleafures
of this Court J fhould never have done. For thepre-fent I mail confine myfelf to thefe already mention-ed. I am refolved to fet out in three or four daysfor Stutgard. I fhall lie at Augfbourg,and at Ulm.A Froft which has held for a Month without ceaf-
ing has made the Roads fo hard that I hope I fhall
roll along finely. 1 expeft to hear from you at
Stutgard. Pray take care that 1 be not difappoint-ed, and believe that 1 am very fîneerdy, &c
472 F UH STB NFELDT.
LETTER XV.
SIR, Stutgartl,Ja». 14,1730.
THE RE is nothing remarkable between
t MunichandAugsbourgexceptit be thefine
Abbey of Fursténfeldt, which is in
pofieflionof thé BernardinFryars. It wasfounded
by £«w> /A*SevercDukeof Baoaria to attone for
his Wickednefs in putting Joa* of Brabant his
Wife unjuftlf to death. The Hiftoryof Bavaria
relates the Fa& thus Jean wasa very beautiful
Princefs. Her Hufcand who wasdoatingly fond
ofher bcingobligedto takea Journey putherunder
the Guardof oneof his Aunts.. Whilehe wasgone
Joat$wrotefrequentlyto her Husband, and fome-
times to his Pnme Minifter and Favourite. One
day fhe put her Letters into the handsof a Do-
meftic, charging him to deliver them as they
weredireéted but thé Man madea Miftake, and
gave the Letter which wasfor the Duke tt>hisFa-
vourite, and that whichwasfor thc Mimfter to the
Duke. Lewis thought that his Wife's Style was
tooobligingtoaSubieft, and wasevenmadwitn Jea-
loufy. He firft kifl'd his Favourite,and *çn w-
kjng horfe pofbd to Dmawert where his Wife
was. He cameto the Caftk in the N«ht-ume,
murdet'd the Porter with his own hand, put his
Aunt and all with whomhe had left his Wife m
charge to Deathi and then like another Hend,
caufedthe unfortuinateJean to be beheaded. The
Night after this barbarous Aftwn, the Heirs ofLrwi~'$
1- AuGSBÔCfeG. 273
Vol.. I. 1' Li
Lewis Head turn'd gray, tho' he was but fwenty-eight Yearsold whichAccidentmade him fenfibleôf his Guilt and of the Innocence of his Wife.As his Barbarity was great, fowas his Repentance*He went on foot tô Rometo beg tlîe Pope's Abfo-»lution for his Sins, and obtain'd it onconditionthat\\i wouMcaufe a Church to be built; and found a
Monaftery in his Dominions. Lewis returningfrom Rome founded the Abbey at FurjtettfeldttThe firft Eftablifhment was bnly for eight Fryars )but the Piety of the Princes of Bavaria havingwrougSt upon them to beftow their Favours uponthis Houfe, it now maintains thirty Fryars and an
Abbot, whom the Monks have the Prerogative tochufe out of their ownBody. Thefe good Fathers
areadhiallyereftingavery ftately Church,and theyenjoyall the Convenienciesof Life.
The Country between Munich and Augshourgîâleveland intermix'dwithWoods and Plains. Aucs-»
bourg whichisaBifliop'sSee, andan Impérial City,tis the Capital of Swabia, and one of the biggeft andhandfomeft Towns inGermany. A fmalBranch oftheLeck paffesthro' it, and fupplieSit with pientyof Water. TheStreetsof^«fj^«r^arebroad, ftraitànd lightfomej the Houfes well built, and manyof *emfull of Paintings. The Inhabitants look up-»on Augujtusto be the Founder of their City* 'Tiâtrue that Emperor Centa Colony thither, but theTown was founded before. It is not faid whacName it went by before the Name of AuguftaVindelicoramwas given it to diftinguifh it from theother Townsthat bore the Name of Augufta. The
clearing up of this difficulté is whatI fhall leavetothe Antiquarians, and confine myfelf to the Tran£aftions at Augsbourgfor about two hundred Years
JJaft. What will render this City for ever famùusts the Confeiïion of Faith which the Proteftant
Princes prefented here to the Emperor Charles V,
274 AUGSBOURG.
bis
in the year 153o. Tho' the Protetlants were at
that time very powerful in Augsbourgthey cou'd
not keep their ground, for they were drove out bythe Bavarians but GuftavusAdolpbusreftorcd themin 1632, fince which time they have kept theirFooting there, and lhare the Government with the
Roman Catholics. In 1687, the Emperor, Spain,the United Provinces, and the Ele&ors ot Saxony,Brandenbcurg, and the Palatinate concluded that |famous League at Augsbcurgagainft Lewis XIV.
|who was beginning to inforce the Claim of théDuchefs of Orléans his Sifter-in-law to the Succef-
fion of the E!e<5torPalatine Cbarles-Lewis, whowas fthat Princeis'sBrother. In 1 6qo,JcfepbArchduke |of .AuftriaKing of Hungary, the eldeft Son of the I
Emperor Leopold,wasconfecratedandcrown'd King 1
of the Romans at Augsbourg,at which Ceremony 1
the Emperor, the Emprefs, theEle<5borsofAf<r»/2r,i
Cologn, Triers, Bavaria, and the Palatinate were 1
perfonally prefent. 1
In 1703, the Ele&or Maximilian of Bavaria, I
made himfelf Mafter of Augsbourgin one Week's I
time. This City had demanded and obtained a {Neutraîity, but having afterwards received an 1m- |perial Garrifon the Eleftor made ufe of that Pre- |tence to lay Siege to it. He caufed the Fortifica- Itions tobedemolifh'd, forefeeing, no doubt, that he |ihouid not be able to keep the Place, Augsbourgjwas fet free again by the BattleofHocbfiet^and ftifl
cnjoys its Freedom under its own Magiftrates,the Bilhop having no Authority in the City asto Temporals. The prefent Bifiiop is of the Fa-
miiy ofNeubourg, and Brother to the Ele<ftorPala-tine. This Prince has the famé Goodnefsof Tem.
per which is fo natural to all his Family. As his
Bilhoprick is not one of the moft confiderable in
Germny, fo his Court is none of the biggeft, but
AUGSBÔURG.275
T 2 almoft
his Houfhold is well rcgulated, and every thingconduéted in it with Ordcr and Splendor.
TheChapteroftheGithednil confiîhof Perfonsof
Quality whoareoblig'd to makeProof oftheir Nobi-
lity. The Canonshave the Prerogarive of chufingtheirBifhop, wholike all the Prelates of Germanyisa SovereignPrinçe. He chrells at /lugjbourg, tho*he ought to relîde at Dillingen. The Epifcopal Pa-lace is old* and not very commodious: It joins tothe Cathedral, whichisaGo^V gloomyunwieldyFa-bric, but its Ornaments are very rich.
The moft contiderable BuildingistheTown-houfe,a very fubftantial Pile builc ail of Freeilone exceptthe Portico, which is of Marble. The Rooms are
very fine, and the great Hlll efpecially isto the laft
degree magnificent. The Walls are cover'd with
Painting* being fuch Emblems and Devicesas have
relation to the Government. Nothing can be more
beautifulthan theCieling whichconfiftsall of Com-
partments whofe Frames are carv'd and gilt in an
extraordinary manner, the whole enrich'd with Pic-
tures and other Ornaments perfeftly welldifpos'd.BeforetheTown-houfe there's a very ftatelyFoun-
tain, where, among other fineFigures of Brafs, the
Statue of Auguftuswhich is reprefented in a moft
nobie Attitude is highly efteemd.
The City of Augjbourgis in my Opinion fome.
thing like Antwerp with regard to the Spacioufnefsof theStreetsand theSubftantialnefsof itsBuildingsiand formerly when the genetianswereMafters of all
the Commerce, it refembled it in Trade for Augfi
bourgwas then the Staple for Merchandize, which
was from thence tranfported to a great part of Eu-
rope. But fince Londonand Amfterààmare become
the Warehoufesof the whole World, and the Com-
merce oiVenice decays, the greateft Trade ofAugfr
bourgconfiftsin Goldfmiths Wares, with which thià
City fùrnifhes Gemany, Poland, and in gênerai
276 AUGSBOURG. ULM.
Car-
alimoil all the North. Thefe Wares are much
cheapcr here than elfewhere, and when thePatterns
are furnifh'd People are well fèrv'd. Notwith-
ftanding the Decayof its Commerce there arefeveral
very rich Families but wherher any can do what
Fuggerdid to the Emperor CharlesV. is Queftion.That Monarch paffing thro* Jugsbourg lodg'd at
Fugger'sHoufe, who entertain'd him like an Em-
peror. The Fewel he burnt in every Chimneywas Cedar, and after the Repaft, which was extra-
ordinary fumptuous, Fugger took a Bondfor a veryconfiderableSumwhich the Emperor ow'd him, and
threw it into the Fire.The Nobility aflèmble commonly every Even-
ing at theTirée KingsInn where 1quarter. There's
a very fine Hall well lighted, where they game,club for aSupper, and after Supper dance. Be notfcandaliz'd that the Nobility have their Affemblyat an Inn, it being one of the befr Houfes in Ger-
manyand the moit fuperb Inn in Europe. There's
very good Attendance. 1 have fupp'd at it twice.and one cannot be better accommodated in anyïioufe whatfoever.
From Aupbourg I came to Ulm another Impe-rial City. Tho' ail the Country is even, yet 'tis
very tirefome to Travellers becaufe of the Pave-ment of the Caufeys but Thanks to the Snowwhich bas levell'd the Ways, I have not been much
incommoded tho' on the other hand 1 had liketo have been loft in thé Snow,fuch a quantity of it
having fallen for two Days that one could not di-
ftinguiih the Roads. 1 found my felf at a Poft-
Stage where my Guide, tho' he wasa Manthat had
grown grey in the Bufinefs of Poftilion upon thefaméRoad, did not know the Way. I was in dan-
ger every Moment of tumbling into fome Ditch,when juft as we enter'd a certain Valley myPoftilion foundcd a Horn to give notice to any
U L M. 27 7
T 3 was
Carriages or Horfes that might happen to meet usto rruk way, whena Voicefrom the Hollow cill'dout to the Potfilion, Wbostbai ? Stepben? Oh
cry'd the Poïtilion, Is ityou, CbriJIopber? Godbetbank'd that I metwitb you Thcn turniiig towards
me, he laid with an Air of Satisfadion, Nowyouare out of all Dangir, for bere's a blind Man thatvnll cenduft us to the Place we are goïng to. 1
thought the Droll jok'd with me, but we had not
gone manyYards tarcherbefore 1really faw a poorWretch whocouldnot fee,yetoffcr'dta bemyGuide,andpromis'dhe wou'dconduit mevery wcil. Iaban-don'd my felf to him, and he walk'd fo faft before
my Chaife that the Horfes follow'd him in a gentle1 rot till wecame fafe to the Stage. Th;re he toldme that 'twas fifteen Years ago that he loft his
Sight by the breaking of anImpofthume in his Eyes,after having fuffer'd fuch horrible Pains for twoMonths that he blefs'd himfelf for the Lofs of his
Sight fo that when 1 afk'd him if he was not verymuch concerr.'d at it, he faid that at firft it madehim melancholy for fometime, but that healwayscomforted himfelf by the Remembrance of the Tor-ture he had undergone in the Lofs of his Sight, andthat he thought it were much better to be blind andto have his Health than to fee, and fufferthe Painsthat he had endur*d but that now he was fo us'dto his Condition it gave him no Concern. In
deed, when 1 alk'd him, if he fhould not be veryglad to recover his Sight ? he faid, Yes, if it were
poffible but that if hemuft undergo the famePainsto recover it as he had felt in the Lofs of it, he had
rather by a thoufand timescontinue blind. When
1 told him of my Surprize that he fhould find outthe Way better than thofe who fee, he told methat fince he had been blind he came regularly on
Sundays and Saints Days to the Place where wewere to hear Mafs, and that therefore the Road
278 UtM,
agam
wasbecome very familiar to him. He added, thac
he fpmetimes went alone to beg thrce or four
Leagues from his Village, which was a quarter ofa
League from the hollow Way where 1 met withhim. 1 fent the Man away, after giving him fome
Relief and çould not but admire the divine Pro-
vidence, which tho' it had afflj&edthe poor Wretchwith what to me feems more terrible than Death,
gave him Strengdi to bear his Misfortune wich Pa-
fiençe.thé City pf Ulm is not above half asbig asAugf-
bourg, but is much better fprtify'd. The Danubewhich wafhes irs Walls, becomes navigable at this
Place, and a Boat goes from hence every Week for
Yienna, which is a great Eafe to People who arc
not in a Condition to lay out much Money for it
cofts but a Creutzery which is one Penny a Gertmn
Mile. Tho* the City of Ulm maintains a very nu-
mérous Garifon, and is very well fortify'd, and fur-
nifhed with a good Arfenal, the Eleéïor Maxmi-
\ian of Bavarifi took it by Surprize in 1702, it be,
ing a Place neceffary for him to fecure his Domi-
nions on that fide, and to facilitate the Paflage ofthe Frencb Troops that were to join his Army.General Tbungen robb'd him of this Conqueft the
loth of Sept. 1704, after about a Week's Siège.Then it was that Ulm became again fubjecl;to its
Magiftrates who are ail Luthera fis. The Catholics
çannot enjoy Offices, but have feveral Churches.
This City c4ives a great Trade in Linnen, but fewof the Gentry live here except the Patricians whoare npt more fociable than thofe of Nurembergand
Avgsbourg. The Burghers and the Women in par-ticular go drefs'd like thofe at Augsbourg. To fee
fhem go to and corne from Church is next kin to
feeing a Mafquerade, and'tis certainly one of the
mpft diverting Sights in this City, where really 1
^lidnot give myfelf time to he tired, fof 1 fet out
Stutgard. 279
again the very next D.sy after 1 came, and arrivedin this Town, where 1 have now reiled my felf a
coupleof Days.Stutgard lies in themiddleof aValley furround-
ed with Vineyards. 'Tis pretty large, has Streetsbroad and ftrait, but the Houfes are of Timber.'Tis the Capital of the Duchy of Wirfemberg, andwas formerly the Relidence of the Sovereigns of the
Country but Eberbard-Lewis the prefent Duke of
Wirtemberg eftablifhed his Seat fome Years ago at
Ludwigsbourg,a newCity and a new Palace of hisown building.
The Duke's Caftle is an old Structure of Free-
ftone, compos'd of four Piles of Building, flank'd
at each Angle by a Tower. The Walls of it arewafh'd by Ditches which give it the difagreeableAir of a Prifon. The Duchefs who is the Duke's
Wife, and Sifter to the Margrave of Baden-Dourlacb,has an Apartment in this Palace. You know that
this Princefs and her Huflnnd don't live well to-
gether. The Prince t about twenty Years ago
preferr'd a Mittrefs to her II, who certainly has
neither the Bauty, nor the Merit of the Duchefs.
The Princefs is remarkably patient under the In-
difference of a Hufband, and the Contempt of the
moft haughty Rival that ever was. The frequentVifits paid her by her only Son are ail the Comfort
£he has. The Court neglefts her, no body dares
T 4 to
HediedAn.1733,andleavingnoChildren,bisSonandGrandfondyingbeforehim, wasfacceededby Cbarlei-JUx-andtr,theeldeftof bisCoufin-Germans,theSonofDakeFrt-tUric-Cbarlet,whohadbeenhisGuardiantilltheYear1693.TheDukeEbtrbard-Lewiswas57Yearsof Age.
t TheDukewasreconcil'dtoher twoYearsbefore(hedied'andtho*(héwasnolefsthanfiftyYearsofAge,it wasreportedfora goodwhilethatfhewaswithChild.1 Thb wu the Countekdt Gratemtz. Sincethe Duke'»Deaththe DukeRégentbu oonunenc'da Profecutionagainfther, and(hetraveriesfromoneCourttoanotbcrforthatProtec*tioawhieheveryonedcnie*her,
280 Lupwigsbourg.
an
to go near her, and whoever pays the Duchefs thç
Refpects that are naturally due to her, is fure to
jncur the mercilefsHatred of theMiflreJs. I maybe able perhaps to give yeu a farther Account of
this Princefs and her Rival when 1 have been at
Ludwigsbcurd, whither 1 propofe to go to-rnofrow,and where 1 hope for a JLjnefrpm you.
Jam, &c.
LETTER XVI.
$ J R, Ludiuigsbeurg,Feb.2. 1730.
~f~]HE Duke of~?f/f~~ is a Prince of a
TJîE Duke
of Wirtemberg he grew of 4middling Size, and before he grew fo fat
Jj~ was very well fliap'd. He is gentecl, af.
fable, and well-belov'd, and fewPrinces treat theirCourtiers wit!»moreFarniliarity. He has been one
of the beft Pancers of his Time. He alfo fitsper-feftly well on horfeback, and perforrns ail bodilyExercifêswith infinitéGracerulnefs, and incompara-ble Dexterity. He takes pleafure fometimes in
driving hisownCoaches, and I have feenhim drive
eight Horfes withoutaPoftilion, andmanage themwith as much Eafe as if there was but one Horie in
fhefîatnefs. He isa Prince that loves Magnificence,isgenerous, gallant, andamorous. ThoMtisabovc
twenty Years that he bas kept one and the famé
Miftreft, he is aspafîîonately fond of her, andglvesas fhining Proofs of je as ever. During the laftWar his moft Serene Highnefs commanded the
fumj of the Empire on the Vffer Rkint, Hç ha;
LUDWIGSBOURG. 2 8I
an only Son marry'd to Henrietta of Pruffia,
Paughter of the Margrave Pbilip, Brocherto Fré-
deric I. King of Prujfia. This young Prince is
called the hereditary Prince. He is lhort of Sta-
ture, but handfome. He liasore of the bcft Tem-
pers that can be dtfir'd in a Sovereign, bcing hu-
mane, gooJ-natur'd, affable, and civil. It rmybe faid that the Father and the Son are the two po-liteft Men at the Court of Wirtembcrg. The Fa-ther has fpent feveral Years in Rolland. Lorrain,Geneva, 'Turin, Ite.ly and France. When he re-turn'd from his Travels he wert and marry'd acBerlin. He has an only Daughter who is veryamiable. The hereditary Prince is vaftl' fond of
Grandeur, Dancing, Plays and Mufic Ke fatigueshimfelf very much, and -commonlyrides fcven or
eight Horfes in a Morning. His tender Conftitu-tion andthelittle Care he takesof it make me appre-henfive he will not live to be an old Man
The hereditary Princefs has an Air of Grandeur
and Majefty fuitable to herRank. She is tall and
handfome, has a noble Mien, and tho' (he is not a
regular Beaqty, 'tis certainthat ihe has a very goodLook. Sheis extremely grave, and does not feemto take a great fiiare in the Pleafures of the Court.
She feems to be moft of all taken with Drefs, andher Apparel is not only fplendid but well-fancy'd.Her Royal Highnefs, which is a Title given her
becaufe ihe is the Daughter of a King's Brother, i$
extremely gracious and civil to all Mankind, but
particularly to thofe whom fhe knew at the Courtof Prvffia. She does me the honour to difcourfewith me fometimes. 1 find ihe thinks very juftly,jind that her Sentiments are very agreeable to her
3irth. This Princefs is of the Calvinift Religion,and fhe keeps a Chaplain who preaches to her in
herown Apartmenti fo that now whUcthe PrinceAlexan-
f Hediedst Lud-wigtbeurgthe23c!of Nn. 1731.
282 LUDWIGSBOURG.
had
Alexanier de W:rtemberg is here, there are three
Chapels in the Cailles of as many different Re-
ligions.The CountefsdeWurbenis the firft Lady at Court
next to her Royal Highnefs. She has been theDuke's foie Favouritc for a long time. She is Gra-venitz by Name, and is defcended of a noble Fa-
mily in Meckîembourg. Thé Duke firft fell in lovewith her when the was but a Girl. She had theAflurance after fhe had been fome Years in Favourto infift that the Duke fhould get a Divorce fromthe Duchefs his Wife, by whom he had a Son,and marry her. When the Duchefs was inform'dof her Rival's Demand fhe fued for the Emperor'sProtettion, and obtain'd it. That Monarch figni-iied to the Duke that he would do well to removehis Favourite, who was therefore oblig'd to retireto Swifferland. The Duke who couldnor bear herout of hisfight, followedher thither and ftay'd therewith her for fome time, but at laft being oblig'd toreturn to hisDominions, and not being able to take
Madamoilèlle de Gravenitz to him without re-
viving the juft Sufpicionsof the Duchefs, he look'dout for a Hufband for his Miftrefs. The Count
de IVurbena Gentleman of a good Family, and in
mean Circumftances, but a very eager Stickler forthe Favours ofFortune at anyrate whatfoever,madean offer tomarry Madamoifelle deGravenitz. Shewas beftowed upon him with a Penfion of 24000
Florins, and the Chara&er of theDuke's Envoy Ex-
traordinary to the Imperial Court. He engag'd neverto make ufe of the Hufband's Prérogative and neverto require of hisWife toleave theCourt. UponthisCondition he obtain'd evenbeforehefetoutfor^7«»athe Office of Landthoffmeifteror Lord Lieutenantof Wtrtemberg*which is the higheft Dignity in the
Country. When the Marriage was conduded,Madamde Wurbe*returned to Statgard, where fhe
LUDWIGSBOURG. 283
and
had Lodgings in the Palace. Ail herAim was toinfult the Duchefs, in hopes of provoking her tocommit fomething fo outragious as might embroil
her with the Duke, and make him refolve,never to
forgive her but this Princefs equally virtuous and
prudent, and alwayspatient, boreail this Mortifica-tion without murmuring. The Miftrefs, whocouldnot endure to feeher in thé Palace, obtain'd an Or-der from the Duke for her Retirement to the Eftatewhich was fettled on her for her Jointure but theDuchefswould never comply to it, faying, that iffhe had not been unfortunate enough in the Lofs of
her Hufband fhe would not retire to her Joinnire.This Refufal, howreafonablefo everit was, affrontedthe Duke, who acquainted the Duchefs that he didnot look upon her any longer as his Wife, and gaveorders that fhe fhould be treated no longer as a
3overeign. During this, Madam de Wurbenbe-came a Widow whereupon all the Hopes reviv'dthat fhe had prefumed to entertain when a Maid.She perfuaded the Duke to leave Stutgard, and tofound Ludwigsbourg. As foon as this Houfe wasin a Condition to be occupy'd, the Duke and hisMiftrefs came and liv*d in it. There's no fort of
Intrigue which this Favourite has not try'd to putherfelf in the Duchefs'sRank, but hitherto fhe hasnot been able to fucceed. Mean while fhe enjoysall the Honours of a Sovereign. 'Tis at her A-
partments that the Court is kept. Whenever theDuke plays 'ds there, and there it is he diets. Infhort me is treated in every thing upon a par withher Royal Highnefs. Her Excellency (which is
the only Title givento this imperiousFavourite fincethe Death of her Hufband) is drawing on to fiftyYears of Age, and yet carries a mighty Sway. She
employs ail the Remedies imaginable to cancel the
Injuries which Time has done to her Complexion,and alfo toconceal her naturaJTemperj for Artifice
284 LUDWICSBOURG.
The
and Diflimulation are the Compounds of lier Cha-
racter. She is fo eager in amafling of Riches that
fhe makes it her chief Bufinefs. While fhepretendsa mighty Refpeft for the Duke, fhe expeds like
another Aftarte that every Knee fhould bend and
tremble before her. As fhe is the Refervoir of
Favour, greater Court is made to her than to rhe
Duke himfelf, and Woc be to thofe that dare to
difoblige her 1 muft own however that ihe knows
how to behave as tvell as any Woman in Germany,when /he has a mind to lhew her Politenefs. The
worft on'eis, that fhe is not always fo inclin'd for
ihe has been fo long us'd to give herfelf great Airs
that they are become habituai to her. The prin-
cipal Officesof the Court are diftributed among her
Kindred or Creatures. Her Brother the Count de
Gravenitz is Grand Mar&al and Prime Minifter.
1 hardly ever faw a handfomer Man 1 muft alfo
do him the juftice to declare that he is as civil ashis
Sifter is haughty. Some Years ago the Duke ob-
tain'd for him the Dignity of a Count of the Em-
pire, in which Quality he was admitted alfo at the
Dyet, and he has a Seat there on the Uenchof the
Counts of Swabia. His Authority is never oppos'dbut by his Sifter, to whom he will not always be
obedient. 'Tis faid their Divifionshave fometimes
gone £0 far that the Favourite has donc ail in her
power to turn out her Brother, and he has try'dalt Ways in his turn to remove his Sifter, but the
Duke has alwaysbeen fo good as to reconcile them.
The Prime Minifter andhis eldeftSon are honour'd
with the Order of Pruflia. There is no Court in
Europe where there's fuch a Varicty of Orders and
Ribbons. The Duke bearsalternatively the DanijbOrder of the Elephant, the Pruffian Order of the
Black Eagle, and his own Order which is that of
St. Hubert.
LU DW 1 G SB OU P, Go 285
The Hereditary Prince has the Order of PruJJiaand that of the Duke his Father.
The Prince Cbarles-Aîexanderwears the FIeecetand the Order of Wirtemberg Prince Lewis hisBrotherwearsthe Poli/hOrder of the WhiteEagle.
The BarondeScbunckheretofore the Duke's Mi-nifter of State, andat prefent GreatBailiffof a Baily-wic, is Knight of the Order of Danncbrog.
I fhould never have done were I to give you theNamesof all the Knights of the Order of St. Hubert,and the many petty Sovereigns that have been theGrand Mafters.
The Duke's particular or Cabinet-Councilis com-
pos'd of the Hereditary Prince and the Counts de
Gravenitz, Father and Son, the Baron de Scbutz,and M. de Pollnitz t. There are many otherCounfellorsof State, but not being admitted to theCabinet-Council they are not in fo much Efteemas the others.
His moft Serene Highnefs keeps the Eftimateof his Forces to himfelf. 1 think that he has now
4000 Men without reckoning his Life-Guards,which are two Companies, the fineft of ail theGuards in Germany. One of thefe Companies iscommanded by the Lieutenant-General Baron de
Pbul, and the other by a Count of Wttgenftein.Theyare drefs'd in yellow,and are only diftinguifh'dby the Facing of their Clothesand their Bandeliers,
one
HewasVelt-MarihaloftheEmperor'sForces,andGover-nororServiaandBelgrade.Heis oneofthefamousGêneraisofourAge,onwhomPrinceEugènefetagreatValue. WhenhecametotheSucoeffionheobtain'dof theDietoftheEmpirethePot ofVelt-MarfhalGeneraljoindywiththeDukeofBrmf-màt-Bevemandthe PrinceofJmbalt. He marriedMary-Au-fvflaof TourTaxis,bywhomhehasChildren. He hastwoBrothersin the Emperor'aService,«iz. PrinceFreJtric,andPrinceLevai,whodiftinguilh'dthemfelvesinthelaftWarupontheRhin.
t M.JePoIhitKlefttheCourtin 1732,and is finceretii'dto hisLandsinSaxony.
286 LuDWlGSBOURG.
is
one of which is Black and the other Red. Their
Regimental Clothes are Yellow with Sil ver Lace.IThe Duke has alfo a Company of Cadets on Horfe-
back, all Gentlemen. They are drefs*d in Red, Iwith black Velvet Facings and Silver Lace. They ImountGuard at the Duke'sApartment only. Two Iof them alwaysftand Centry before his Highneja'sChamber-Door.
The Court of Wirtethbergis one of the moft nu-merous in Germany.
There's a Grand Marfhal, who as 1 have told
you is the Count de Gravenitz, Brother to the Fa.
vourite.A Marlhal of the Court, who is fecond Son to
the Grand Marinai.A Travelling Marlhal, who is Brother-in-Iaw to
the Prime Minifter.A Great Cup-bearer, who is the Baron de Fran-
kenberg.A Mafter of the Horfe. «A Great Huntfman.Four Chamberlains.A Number of Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber,
and Gentlemen of the Court.Two Captains of the Guards.A confiderable number of Counfellors of State
and AulicCounfellors.
Twenty Pages, ail Men of good Families.And finally a great many Footmen, and Officers
of the Kitchen, Pantry, and Buttery.The Duke's Stables are the beft furnifti*dof any
in Burope. One fball not fee finer Horfes, or anythat are better manag'd. The Hunting Equipageis alfo very magnificent and 1 don't know one
thing that is wanting. His Highnefs keeps a Com-
pany of Frencb Comedians to whofe Performance
every body is admitted gratis. We have often
Balls, Mafquerades, and ConcertsofMufic. There
LUDWIGSBOURG. 28/
ditions
is anAffembly at the Favourite's Houfe every day,wherethe Company plays at Piquet, Quadrille, andPharo fothat here are all the Pleafures of a greatCourt. The Duke's Table is ferv'd with very greatCoft and Delicacy, and is commonly fpread forfixteen Guefts. The Duke fits at the upper end,b-tween her Royal Highnefs and her Excellency.The Gentlemen are plac'd according to the Rankwhich they derive from their Employments, andthe Ladies according to the Officeswhich are borne
by their Hufbands.There's a Ceremonial obferv'd licre which is not
known in any other Court, viz. the Duke's Mini-fiers give place to no Foreigner, unlefs he be aMinifter like themfelves to fome Prince, or unlefshe be a Count of the Empire. Thefe have fo di-
ftinguifh'd a Rank at this Court that all who are notCounts muft give place to them. A Count of the
Empire, tho' he be a Cadet in the hundredth Gene-
ration, a Lieutenant or an Enfign, as it fometimes
happens, in the Duke'sService, takes placeof all Mi-niftersand great Officerswho are not Counts. Thisis aRegulation which her Excellency made after herBrother was created a Count, to the end that her
Family might have the more Honour, and that the
greater Reipeft might be paid to her own Dignityof Countefs without a County.
I have told you that the Duke had transferr'd hisRefidence from Stutgard to Ludwigsbourg, and thereafon which made him abandon the Capital of his
Dominions but why he preferr'd theSituation of his
new Town to a hundredothers that he might have
chofe more agreeable, is what 1cannot account for.Ludwigsbourg is remote from any River, great
Roads and Forefts. The Duke at firft only built
a fmall Manfion-Houfe with two advanced Wings,fo difpofed that the Court lay between the Houfe
and the Garden but he bas fince made great Ad-
288 LUDWIGSBÔÙRG.
But-
ditions to it, and isacTruallybuilding a large Man.lion between the Court and the Garden, to whichthe Wings of the former Building are to be joined.One Frifoni, an Italian, has thé direction of thefe
Works in which it appears that he is à much bet-ter Mafon than an ArchitecT:. The new Buildingruns fo far out that it difcoversail the Ëffëéls ôf it<The Front of the Manfion confifts of three Stories,
including the Ground-Floor but on the Gardenfide thereare only two of a moderateHeight, fothatone wou'd take thisBuilding rather for an Orangeriethan for the Palace of a Sovereign. The greatStair-Cafe is dark,the Apartments want Light, theChambers are long and narrow, and have very few
Out-lets, However, thisfingle Building wasunder-taken byFrifoni for700000 FJorins,exclufiveof feve-ral fortsof Materials with which he wasfurnifhed.
The old Manfion, which fronts the new, is notnear fo large, tho' it is three Stories high every way.The Apartments are fmall and too inconvénient tolive in, yec no Coft has been fpar'd toadornthem; i
Carving, Gilding, and Painting being employ'd inthrm with more Profufion than Judgment. TheFurniture isrich, but of a veryodd Fancy. The beft
thing in ail the Palace is the Chapel, which would
every where be reckon'd a finenoble Structure. But
notwithftanding ail the Faults which are obfervdin the Palace, it muft be allowd that whoever livesto fee it finifh'd will find it a magnificent Piece ofWork. In theGardens there are feveral Terraifes,which rifing by degreesone above another, intirelybound the Profpeâ of the Palace. 'Tis certain thatwhenthe Duke'sArchitecte faw this Prince refolute-
ly determin'd to build at Lutko:gsbourg>they ougheat leaft to have advis'd him tu place his Palace atthe very fpot where his Gardens end In this caféit would have ftood in the middle of a Plain, the
Apartments would not have been cramp'd by the
LUDWIGSBOURO. 289
VOL.I. U Mafter
Buttreflès,with which thePalaceisencompafs'd, andthe Gardens wou'd have had a gentle Defcent andfora very little Expence there might havebeen a finePicce of Water at one end, betwixt them and a
Coppice, which is a Walk for Pheafants.The City of Ludwigjbourg is as irregular as the
Palace; and its Scituation, which is very difadvan-
tageous, will always render it a very incommodiout
Town, becaufeof the unevennefs of the Ground.Moft of the Houfes are of Timber, and flightlybuilt for thofe who build them do it with an 111-
will, either out of Neceffity, or to plcafe the Dukewho feems to be fond of building. This Princebas fuin'd Stutgard, and will never make a goodTown of Luèwigjbcurg for if the Court was ab-fent from it but one Year, 'twou'd be one of themeaneftVillages in Wirtemberg. This Town is inno refpeét very agreeable. The Nobility here dontfeem very fond of Strangers, and there are no En-tertainments but what are made by the Duke.No body here, not even the Prime Minifter keeps.a Table and ail the Expence of the Courtiers îsintheir Drefs, and their Horfes. Yet there is not aPrince of the Empire who gives handfomerSalaries,except the Eleélors fo that the Cafeis the very re-verfe here to what it is at almoft all other Courts, forhere People grow rich, whereas elfewhere they are
beggar'd. 1 have known Perfons that came to thisCourt in mean Circumftances, and in a few Years
got Eftates. The Duke isby nature generousandbeneficent, and wou'd be more fo if his Liberalirywas not curb'd. He has given feveral GentlemenMaterials for building gratis and the Houfeswereno fooner up but he purchas'd them, and paidas dear for 'cm as if he had not contributed a Shil-
ling towards raifing them. 1 have beenaflur'd thathis moft Serene Highnefs's Revenues amounted tofour Millions of Florins. 'Tis certain that he is
206 LUDWIGSBOÙRG.
pcr-
Mafter of one of the fineft Countries in ail Ger-
many a Country which has plenty of every thing,but Money is fcarce by reafon of the Fertility ofthe neighbouring Provinces, viz. the PalatinatefBavaria, Franconia, and Alface. The People aredefirousof a War upon the Upper Rbitte, in hopesof puttingofftheir Commodities.
The Luther an is the only Religion tokrated inthe Duchy of Wirtmbtrg, tho' the Duke bas pcr-mitted Frifoni the Direclor of his Buildings to ereâa Chapel for the Ufe of the Catholic Workmenwhom he bas fent for from Italy to build the Pa-
lace which Chapel however isdefign'd
to be de-moliîh'd as foonasthe Works are finithd: But I amrather inclin'd to think that the Court idêlf will one
day have a Catholic Chapel for if the hereditaryPrince fhou'd happen to die without Male-Iflue,Wirlembergwill fall to theShareofPrince Alexander,
(Coufin-german to the Duke) who has embracedour Religion and who having Children by thePrincefs of Tour and 2'axis whom he marry'd at
Brujjds, féesthem brought up in theCatholic Faith.I kifsyour band, and am, &c.
POSTSCRIPT.
Since I wrote the above, the CountefsdeWurbenis fallen under Difgrace, which I have been told
happen'd by this means.The Duke's Carriage to his Miftrds had been
cold for fome time, when the King of Prujjia cameto Ludvrigjfbourgand exhorted him to be reconcil'dto his Wife, in order to get Hein. The DukeCou'd not perfuade himfelf to take the Duchefs
again but however the King's Reprefentationsprevail'd fo far, as to put him quite out of conceitwith his Miftrefs. He juft kept up a bare Ac-
quaintance with hcr, and that was ail which the
LUP Wl ÙSB OU R G. 2gt
U 2 uqc'd
perçeiv'd, and made no fcruple to try the tnoft ex-
traordinary Methods to maintain herfelf in Favour.The Duke havinç been blooded in her Prefcnce,flie fecreted a Napkin ftain'd with his Blood, WhatUfe flic propos'd to make of it 1 know not, but{he carry'd it to her Apartment. The Duke's
Vqlets de Chambre miffing the Napkin acquaintedtheir Mafter of it. M. de Roder, a Gentleman ofthe Bcd-Chambcr, and a Favourite of his Highnefs,faid that no body cou'd poffibly take it but the
Countefs, and that to be fure fhedid it for nogood.The Duke order'd M. de Roder to go to theCountefs's Apartment and enquire into the Fa&.Roderzfk'd for theNiipkin. The Countefs cieny'dher having it but Roder affirm'd he faw her take
it, uponwhich ihe was in a Paffionwith him, andtold him fhe wou'd make him repent of his 1Ù-manners to her. Roder made anfwer, that al! theAirs fhe gave herfelf were out of fealbn, that her
Reign was over, and that he wou'd oblige her toreturn the Napkin. The Countefs not us*dto betalk'd to at fucha rate, wasfrighten'd, and reftor*dthe fatal Napkin, which completed her Ruin. The
Duke, when inform'd by his Favourite of what had
pa&'d, fent an Order to the Countds r,ot to ftir
from her Apartment And this Prince fetting outfoon after for Berlin, charg*dthe hereditary Princebis Son to command Madamoifcik de Wurben to re-tire to her Eftate. The Countefsobey'd, and being
indulg'd to carry what fhe had a mind to alongwith
her, rctir'd to a Territory of hers depending im-
mediatcly on the Empire, not many Leagues from
Ludwigjbourg. There it was that fhe heard of theDuke's Reconciliation with the Duchefs, uponthe Duke's return from Berlin. Thi3 News ex-
tremely Ihock'd her, becaufe /he always flatter'd
herfe'f that the Prince wou'd return to her And
perceiving now that ihe had no Hopcs of being re-
202 LuDWIGSBOURG.
thought
ftor*dto Favour by thepowerof herown Charms, /he
had a mind to try what fhe cou'd do by 1 know not
what Charm in the Magic Art. To cany her Point
ihe was under a necefîîfyof hgTing a little of the
Duke's Blood and fhe wrote to his Valetde Cham-
ire, promifing him great Rewards if he cou'd pro-cure her fome. What does the Domeffic but carrythe Letter to the Duke ? who immediately gaveOrders to ColonelStreitberft to arreft the Countefs,and carry her to fome Place of Security. The Co-
lonel taking a Detachment of Soldiers along with
him, contriv'd it fo that he came to the Countefs's
Seat at Night, and immediately furrounding the
Houfe, knock'd at the Gate, but no body makinganfwer he thunder'd fo hard at the Gate, that at
length Madame deSultmanthe Countefs'sSifter puther Head out at the Window, and aflc'dwho it wasthat dar'd to make fuch a Noife. Streitborfi toldher his Name, and faid he came thither by Orderof the Duke. Madame de Sultman made anfwerthat the Countefs was not well, and cou'd not be
fpoke with. The Colonel, who knew the contrary,faid, that if they did not let him in he wou*dbreak
open the Doors; upon which they thought fit to openthem. During this the Countefswasgot to Bed and
Streitborfientring her Chamber foundher therewithher Sifter and her two Brothers-in-few, the General
N.. andSultman,whowasformerlyat BerlinEquerryto the Countefs of tPartenberg, and afterwards
Privy-Connfellorto the Duke of Wirteniberg. TheColonel having fignify'd his Order to the Countefs,fhe affc&edto be in a dying Condition; but faid thatif fhewasable enough to get up fhe did not intend it,fhe being at home, and in a free Houfe of theCircleof Swaiia, from whence ihe did not think theDuke had Authority to remove her. The Colonelthreaten'd that his Grenadiersfliou'd pull her out of
Bed and the Lady feeing that ihe muft obey,
CARLSROUHE.293
U3 Body
thought fit to rife. She fell on her Kneesto Streit-borJi but the hard-hearted Officer was deaf to herCries, and condu&ed her to a place of Securitywhere flieis clofelyconfin'd, and lïke to bea Prifone.as long as the Duke lives.
LETTER XVII.
S I Rt Carlfrouht,Ftb.15, 1730.
Deny that any Man can be happier than 1am at this Juntture. You have wrote an ex-cellent long Letter to me you aflurc me that
you are well, and that you have tlill an Affeétionfor me what more is there wanting to compleat myJoy ? am preparing to make you the beft amends1 can, and inftead of a Letter to write you a Vo-lume.
1 came in one Day from Ludwigjbourgto CARLS-
«ouhe, which is the Refidence of the Margraveof Baden-Dourlacb. The Name CarlfroubcfignifiesCharles**Reft. The prefent Margrave Cbarles ofBaden-Dottrlach was the very Man that laid boththe Plan and Foundation of this City, and itsCaftle. Nothing is fo pretty as the Difpofition ofthe wholei 1 wifh I wereable to give you an Ideaof it. Imagine thé Margrave's Houfe to be at theEntrance of a great Foreft, in the Centerof aStar
fonn'cLby thirty two Walks, the chief of whichbehind thé Palace is three Germon Leagues in
length. Two large Wings advance from the main
294 Caelsrouhe.
abun-
Body of the Houfe, which deviating from eachother in proportion as they lengthen, tbe whole
together looks like a Theatre, Hchind the princi-
pal Building there's a very high G<ftogonTowerwhich commands ail the Walks. The Space be-
tween the two Wings forms the Court, and then
come the Gardens and Parterres, at the end of
which there's a Semi-Circle of Houfes of an equalHwight, built Arch-wife, and three Stories high in?
cluding the Ground-Floor. Betweenthefe Houfesthere run five Streets, the middlemoft of whichfronts the Palace. At the end of the three chief
Streets oppofite to rhe Palace are three Churches;ione belonging to the Lutherans, another to the
Cahinrjis, and a third to the Roman Catholics towhich tliree prevailing Religions of the Empire the
Margrave gave equal Liberty of Confcience whenhe founded the new Town.
The chief parr of the Town lies behind theHoufes that front thePalace. This properly fpeak-ing confifts but of oneStreet, whieh is of a prodi-gious Length. AU thefe Houfes as weil as the
Margrave's are of Timber, fo that you are not to-look fer fine or fubftantial Buildings at Carlfrmbe ibut the Contrivance and Diftribution of the wholetaken together is really wonderfuL I took theFreedom to tell the Margrave that 1 was furpriz*dthat he hsd not at leaft employ'd Brick in the
building of his Palace, and of thé Houfes whichform thé Half-Moon about his Gardens. 1 was«
wil'ing, faid the Prince, to make myfdf a Place« of Retirement, and to build without purting the
Burthen on my Subjefls,>. 1 chofe moreover to• have the Comfort of enjoyingwhat 1 built. If 1had us'd Bricks it wou'd havçcoft me,a great deal
moreMoney and 1 cou'd not have finifli'd my
Buildingswithout laying an extraordinary Impoliupon myCountry. It wou'd have taken me up
CARLSROUHE. 295
U 4 thc
« abundanceof Time too, and perhapsI fhou'd ne-
« ver have bad the Satisfactionof feeing an end to
« my Labours. Another Reafon vfss,, that my
Country is fo fcituate as to be liable to be the
Theatre of Wars, and 1 am not in a Condition
to make this a ftreng, Place, nor cou'd I en-
compafsit with *Wa&. Do you think there-
« fore that IfhouNJ hâve beenjuftified in layingouta great deal of Money on a Place to fee it burnt
down before my Face, as 1 did my Houfe at
Drwlacb% and my od>er Houfes which the
Frencb reduc'd to Afties. I am but a petty So-
vereign; I have built a Houfe according to my
Condition, and I had rather it fhouM be faid of
me that I have but a mean Habitation, and
owe no Meney, than that I have a ftately Pa-
lace and am over Head and Ears in Debt.*
1 have gtven you this account of what the Mar-
grave faid to me, becaufe I thought it wou'd let
you into an Idea of his Charafter. T-his Prince,
to whom 1 was introduc'd on the very dpyof my
Arrivai hère, took the trouble himfelf to Ihew
me his Palace, and ail about it. I thought the A-
partments very well laid out, but there is not room
enough to lodge the hereditary Prince, who lives
in one of the Houfes in the Semi-Cirde frontingthe Palace.
The Pheafant-Walk, whichjoins to the Caftle,
is the prettieft thing in the World. 'Tis a very
large Inclofure, difpos'd in various Walks plantedwitii Fir-Trees eut in the ihape of a Fan. There's a
great Bafinin the Center alwaysfull of wiid Ducks.
'Tis encompafs'd with four Pavilions, made in rhe
Form of Turiijb Tents. Two of the Pavilions are
Volarys, and the twoothers Summer-Houfes, with
Window-Curtains of Green Cloth. There are
Sofasand Couches, after the manner of the Eaftern
Countrics. In this Place ofRetirement and Reft
2g6 CARLSROUHE.
Wfr
the Margrave fpends fome Hours every Day, and
he is generally accompany'd by fome youngLadies whom he teaches Mufic} fo that they per-form agreeable Concerts.
The Margrave was in the right to give hisHoufe
the Name oïCbarles's Reji, for he leads the moft
tranquil Life here fhat can*be. Far from being infa-tuated with vainGrandeur, he has the Charms of it,without the Check and Conftraint of it. This Prince
îs of a very robuft Connotation, and tho*he under-went a vaft deal of Fatigue in his Youth, he is as
frelh-colour'd and as vigorous as if hewas but fortyYears of Age. He travell'd when he was a youngMan into theprincipal parts of Europe and duringhis Father's Life-time was feveral Years in the Ser-vice oiSweden. When he returnM to his Domi-nions he ferv'd in the Army of the Empire on the
Upper Jtbine, under his Coufin Prince Lewis of
Baden. Tho' the Margrave is very fat, yet he ufesa great deal of Exercife. He rifes in Summer atfive o'Clock in the Morning, and walks in hisGardens till the Heat of the Weather obliges himto retire within doors then he does Bufinefswithhis Counfellors, or elfe employs himfelf in Experrin?ents of Chymiftry, and fometimes he draws.He commonly dinesat tour o'clock, and is attended
by Waiting-Women, of whom thereare no lefs than
threefcore, tho' nomorethancight waitupononeDay.Thefe, when the Margrave goesabroad, attend him
onhoF&backjdrefs'dlike Hujfurs. The Generalityof thefe Damfels underftand Mufie and Dancingthey alfo perform Opéras at the Theatre of the Pa-
lace, and are Muficians of the Çhappel. Theyhâve ail Lodgings in the Palace. After Dinner is
over the Margrave grants Audience to hisSubjec^sand upon partieuhr Days of the Week hearsaUthat
corne. FewPrinces tender juftice more ipeedily,and more pun&ually. Sometimeshe gpes a Hunt-
CARLSROUHE. 297
ing: He makes very light Suppers, and retires
early to Bed. He delights in Agriculture, and is
onc of the greateft Florifts living. This Prince is
never unemploypd. Thefe are few things which he
does not know, and very many which he under-ftands to Perfection. His Converfation is as agrée-able as any 1 know. He fpeaks feveral Languageswell. His Bchaviour is obliging and courteous.
He loves Foreigners, treats them with Diftindion,and loads them with Civilities. Upon Sundaysand
Holidays he eatswith the Prince his Son, and the
Princefs his Daughter-in-law. His Table, which
is then fpread for fixteenGuefts, is ferv'd with more
Delicacy than Profufion.The hereditary Prince only Son to the Mar-
grave, ispretty Ihoit, and bas not the Life and
Spirit of his Father. He is very complaifant and
civil, and feems to me of a good-naturM Difpo-fition. He has bcen at Paris, in England, and in
Rolland, where he marry'd the Daughter of the
unfortunate Prince of Najfau, who was drown'din 1711, as he was pafling the Maerdyke to the
Hante, to adjuft with Frédéric I. King of Pruflia,fuch Differencesas related to the Succeffion of the
late King William of Great Britain, to which theyboth laidClaim. The hereditary Princefsfeemsto me
to be well behav'd and ihe makes very handfome
Entertairunents. The Court aflèmblesat her Houfe
every day, viz. at Noon, and at five o'clock in
|he Evening and there they dine, game, and fup.
Foreigners are very well receiv'd there, and both
the Ladies and Gentlemen are very civil and com-
plaifant.The Grand Marlal, and his Brother the Great
Huntfman, are Perfons capable of making a
Figure with DUtinâion in thé greateft Courts.The
• TUi Pfipee«M theBeginniagof théYear1732,»4fcfto«$a«.
298 Carlsrouhe.
LET-
The firft màny*d a legitimated Daughter of thé
Margrave.The Baron tHxter, Prefident of the Regency.
and Chief of the Council, is a Perfon of fignalMerit, and capable of any Bufinefs, be it ever fo
great.Generally fpeaking the Margrave's Court is ex-
tremely well regulated. This Prince is fondof thé
Nobility, and Jeeks to do them a Pleafure. He
has none but Perfons of Qualiry in his Service.
'Tis great pity that this Court does not corne to-
gether again. The Margravine, who is Sifter tathe Duke oiWirtmbtrg+ refides at Dourlacb, and
never cornes to Carîfroubebut when *risa Holiday,or when fome foreign Prince is there. This Prin-
cefs is aftuaUyverymuch indifpos'd, fbthat 1 don't
think 1 fhall have the Honourof kiflîng hcrHand,The Margrave alfoeducatesat hisCourt three youngPrinces his Nephews, the Sons of his Brother.
They are under the Government of the Baron de
Gmming, who takes very great Care of their Edu-
cation.As to the Margraves Revenues, 1 cannot be
pofitive what they are, bccaufe I found that Peoplewho ought to know beft, vary in their Calculacions
not a little; fome aflùr'd me they were 400,000»fome 500,000 Florins, and others much more.
Be it as it will, 'tis certain that the Margrave lives
nobly, that every body is well paid, and that the
Subjeéb are not over-biirthen'd. Farewell, Sir, 1
fet out to-morrow for Raftaât, and fbatt write to
you asfoon as 1 can, iâc.
1R A S T A D T, 299
The
;1~ :2'f_)'
LETTE R XVIII,
aSIR, s Str«fienrgrFtb.28.17jo.*
IT took me up no more than four Hours to gofrom Carlfroube to RASTADT. As foon as I
alighted there I notified my Arrivai to the
Grand Marmai, withaRequeft that hewou'dprocureme the Honour of paying my Compliments to their
HighneiTesof Baden-Baden. I had for anfwer, thatthe Margrave was out a Hunting, and that there-fôre I cou'd not have an Audience beforenext day.1 had patience to ftay and having by Good-luckfome Books at hand, 1 fpent all that day in Read-
ing, and the next day too, but did not hear a Wordfrom the Grand Marfhal. Mean time as 1 did notcorne to Rafiait purely to read, and as 'tis a Towndoes not afford much Amufement, fince a quarterof an hour is enough to know a'1 the Streets, 1 was
very chagrin. I fent a fecondMeffâge to the Grand
Marinai, but had the fame Anfwer as before. 1
thought it improper to infift any farther, and gaveover all hopes of feeing the Court of Rqftadt.However 1 went to fee the Margrave's Palace,which his Father the late Prince Lewis of Badenbuilt from the ground. It is very much like to thePalace of St. Cloudnear Paris, and feemsto be a
Building conduéled with more Regularity than 1obferv'd in feveral new Houfes in Germany left
folely to the Direction of ignorant Mafons, whowithout a Tafte for Building have the Aflurance to.call themfclvcs Architecte.
JOO R A S T A D T.
ami
The principalStair-Cafeis large and lightfome.The Apartments have ail the Convenienciesthejrcan admitof Thofe whichare contiguous to the
grand Stair-Cafeare diftributed into feveralParti-tions, forShew and for Convenience. They are
painted, gilt, and gaily furnim'd. The Mar-
gravineDowagerto PrinceLewisput them in this
Conditionagainft the Marriageof her Daughter to
She Duke of Orléans and the Furniture is indeedrich and well fancy*d. The Keeper ihewed methe Clofet in which Prince Eugèneof SavoyandMarihal ViUarsfign'd the Peace in 1714. Tts
pity that this truly magnificentPalace has noGardensto tt. There'sGroundmark'd outfor that
purpolîe,and if PrinceLewishad liv*dthey wou'dhâve beenfinifh'd
After having fcenthe Apartmentsand the Cha..
pcl, which islrnall, but exceedingiyadorn*d,not
knowing what to do with myfelf 1 went to aBilliard-Tablefronting thePalace, where1 foundfome Gentlemenof the Court as idle as myfelf.The treatedme asa Foreigner, and were com-
plaiJantto me. A youngFeUowof a çood Ap-pearance, and who feem'd to havean Air of Po-
iitenefs,havingrefus'dasweilas myfelfto play, en-ter'd into a Converfationwithme And by degreesthat Sympathy of our Tempers, which was a
Suanger to the Lawsof Reafon, madeus talk toone anotherwith as much Freedomas if we hadbeenold Acquaintance. 1 complain'dto him thattho*1 had beenthree days at Raftadt I cou'd not
get an Opportunity of paying my Duty to their
HighneflèsofBaàen. He toldmethat 1neednot be
furpriz'd at ic; that fincetheDeathofthe latePrince
Lewis, the MargravinehisDowager, who washe-
reditary Princds of Saxe-L*menbourgthad intro-duc'd into her Courtthe Ceremonialof the Eaftern
Princes that théneverappear*dbut in a full Divan,
1R A S T A D T. 301
you
and that fhe did not permit any one whatfoever tocome near to her Son except the Bafhawsand Der-vizes who were of the Council, The youngGentleman's manner of accounting for this mattermade me fmile, and put me upon afking himfeveral Queftions. How! faid accordmg to4 theCharaâer 1have had of the Margravine, me is
very much of a Chriftian, and of that virtuous4 Heroine which the wife Man, if hehad been ftill
living, wou'd have propos'd to us for a Model.
Indeed, faid tbe Gentleman^ the Charaâer you1 havehadof her is right enough The Margravine
has Picty and Virtues that render her vaTuable¡but flic has a Haughtinefs, and a certain Particu-
larity in her Temper, whieh is hardly to be pa-rallell'd. For inftance, if ihe had receiv'd you it
4wou'd have been ftanding under a Canopy by an
4Arm-Chatr, with as much State as the Etnprefs.
She wou'd have aikd you two or three Queftions,after which fhe wou'd have aflûr'd you of her
Protection, and then hâve difmifs'd you without4
detaining you to dine with her, as is the manner
4 of ail the Princes of the Empire; but rris not the4
fafliionhere, cmtinuedtbe Gentleman. The Mar-4
gravine commonly dines in private, and we who4
are of her Court don't fee her but at Mafs. The4
young Margrave our Mafter wou'd like well4
enough to fee Company, but his Mother givinghim to underftand that fhe does not care for it,
4 he conforms to her Pleafure. The younçMar-
gravine, who is the Daughter of the Prmce de
Sfbwartxeniourg, has no Authority, becaufe tho'
naturally obliging and civil fhe durft notput her
good Qualitics in praétke, becaufe the Margra-« vine Dowager reproaches her that fhe does not4 know howto carry it like a Sovereign by which
means this poor Princefs is oblig'd to be proud a-4
gainft her Inclination. If you were to fee her
J02 jt AS A» t;
«ail3
you wou*dbe charm'd with her for fhe is tall andhandfome, of a lively fair Compkxion, but not
languid, and has a very noble Air. Whenthe Margrave marry'd her fhe was an only
Daughter, and the Princefs of Scbwartxenbaurg.her Mother, who had not lived with her Hulband« for near fifteen Years, was ndt like to have any
moreChildreo. But the Event bas proved con-
trary; for the Prince and Princefs of Schveartzen-«
bourg are reconcil'd, and the Princefs has had tSon, who has fruffrated the Hopes of our young
1Margravine of being fome day or other one of
the richeft Heirefles in the Empire. This hasnot advanc'd her in the Favour of her Mother.
in-law, who often fiiaps at her j but there beingnoRemedy, the young Princefs bears her Ul-hu-mours with Patience. As fhe is juft brought tebedtoo of a Son, we hope fhe willhave more In-
tereft; at Icaft *ciswhat we ail wifli, becaufe meis a very good Princefs. *Tis not a Year, con-
« tinuei tbe Gentleman, that our young Margravehas been of Age, neverthelefs his Majority is fo
controJi'd by the Afcendancy which the Dowager
keeps over her Son, that it may be faid *tis fhewho governs û'ûl. This Prince accuftom'd to
obey knows not what is the Pleafure of con>
manding. There's the fame likelihood of his
being a Dépendant as long as his Mother lives ¡and indeed he ought to humour that Prince6, aswell becaufe fhe was always a good Mother to
him, as for the Advantages fhe iscapable of doinghim for fhe is very rich, and has a noble Eftate
in Bobemia^which fhewou*dperhaps give to her
youngeft Son, who is Canon o( Cologneand Augf-« bourg,if the Margrave difoWiged her tho' 1 be-
Jieve it muft be a great Offenceindeed that wou*d
provokehertodifinhernhimubecaufehewasalwaysher Darling, and perhaps too the moit dutiiul of
R & s T A D T. 303
ail her Children. Such is her Tendernefs for this
Son that when there was a Talk of his goingabroad fhe wou'd nceds go with him and ihe
aâually accompanyM him ail over Italy. Some1
Pcople were indeed fo ill-natur'd as to fay that'twas not out of Love to the Prince, but becaufe(he was afraid hc wou'd wean himfelf from her
Company, and break quite away from her. 'Tis
faid howeverthat fhe is goingto quit the Court,andto retire to Etlingtn, which is the Place affign'dfor her Jointure. We ail wifh it, not that wehâve any rcafon to complain of this Princefs, but
becaufe we hope theo to have a gayer Court.
For the reft, tu do the Margravine DowagerJufticc, fliehas managMher Son's Finances witha great deal of Qeconpmy. When thé late PrinceLewis died he left a heavy Debt upon the Coun-
try, which wasalfo ruin'd by the late War. But
thé Margravine Regent has paid off ail, and fo
happily retriev'd tbe Government and the Fi-
nances, that when her Son came of Ageihe gavehim conûderable Sums, and the Country was in abetter Condition than ever.'There thé Gentlemanconcluded. Afterputting
feveral Queftions to him 1 learnt that the Duchefs
of Orléanshad beenpromis'd in Marriage to Prince
Alexmitr tfTour and Taxis*, that the- Prefentswere made for the Wedding, and that the fame was
very foon to be celebrated But wlien the Duke of
Orléans aâually fent M. tTArgenfm his Chancellorto Raftadt to demand the Princefs in Marriage,the Margravine her Mother thinking this a betterMatch beyondcomparilbn, call'd back the Promife
ihe had made to the Prince de la Tour, and con-
cluded thé Treaty with the Duke of Orleans. The
young Margrave marry'd his Sifter by Proxy, in
pre-Hehis fincemarry'da PrincefsofBrandtnbourg-Bartitb,
whohasembrac'dtheCadtolicReligion.
404 R A S T A B T.
.4br-
3
~r-
prefenceof M. ËArgtnfin, and the Prince/s Wâ§conduftedtoStrafloùrg,wherefindinga Setof Do-mefticsfent from Paris to recetveher, *heturn'doffall her Getman Servantsand prpceededon her
Journey to Chatons*whither the Duke of Orientswent to meet her.
The faméGentlemanfromwhotnI learnt dl thefeParticulars told me likewifethat the young Mar-
grave, beforehemarry'd thePrincefsof Sdnoartaen-
toitrgywasto havehad the DaughterofKinxStairif-laust but that the Margravinebroke offthe Mar-
riage-Trcatywhichwasvery&fadvane'd, becaufêthe King was not ablc to pay down a hundredthoufand Crownsready Moneyfor his Dafighter*sDowry. It wastindoubtedlyowkig to that Prin-cefs'shappy Star that the Kmg couldnot raife the
Sum, for in fuch cafe his Daoghter wonld notnow have worn one of the firft Crown» in theWorld. The Gentleman told me moreoverthatthé Margravine was mortify*dto the laft degreewhen fhe heard that the Princefiwhom(hehadre-fus'd for her Daughter-in-bw was become the
Queen of France. She wasapprehenfivetoo thatthis Princefs or thé King her Father would take
revenge for thé Slight Ihe had put upon their AI.
liance, and fhewrote a Letter to King Staniflausto
congratulatehim on an Event fo gloriousto him,and to recommendto him the Duchefsof OrUansher Daughter. I intreatyou, Sir, faid ihe, to pre-vail witb tbe Q$tenjour Daugbterte bonourwy
Daugbter and ail myFamilywitb ber Favour. Iwill prejkmetoJay tbat botbI and Mine ieferveitat your Hands for tbe RejpeB we bave alwaytbadforyou. This Letter, whichwasas fubmiffiveasthe Margravine'sConduithadbeenhaughty,was
receiv'dwith verygreatCivilityby Kin&Stanijlaus,who, after having read it to the Queen hisWife,could not help faying, am mucbobligd f tbe
K E H L. 305
Vol. 1. X in
Margravine for this Letter, and he return'd her 2
very engaging Anfwer. 'Tis my Opinion that atthat time, inftead of bearing the Princefs any Ill-will he took it very kindly of her that ihe had re-fus'd his Daughter for a Daughter-in-law. Theofficious Gentleman would perhaps hâve inform'dme of other Particulars concerning the Court of
Raftadt, if the Margrave's Retiirn from Huntinghad not oblig'd him to go to the Caftle. 1 thank'dhim for the trouble he had given himfelf, andwent and ihut my felf upat my Quarters.
I fet out next day for Strasbourg, and in lefs thanfiveHoursarrived atKEHL. 'Tis ail an evenCoun-
try, and admirable Roads. We travel thro' theDominions of Spire, the Bifhoprick of Strasbourg,and the County of Hanau. At KeblI paid a Vifitto the General Baron deRotb, the Governour of the
Place, who entertain'd méat Dinner, and mademe
exceeding welcome, but fo ph/d me with Liquorthat I thought myfelf at Fulde or Wurtzbourg.After Dinner M. de Rotbfhewed me the Fortifica-
tions, which 1 found in a very bad State. TheCommandant told me that he had taken a worldof pains to reprefent it to the Dyet of the Empireat Ratisbonne, but that he might as well havetalk'd to fo many deaf Men. 'Tis certain that ifCare be not taken, the Rbine will waih away théFort one day or other, and carry it to Holland.The Marihal de Bourg faid to me a while ago whenwe were talking of Kebl, that M. de Rotbwould dowell to faften his Fort with Chains to the Citadelof Strasbourg.
There'à only a Bridge over the Rbine to pafsfrom Keblto St r asbou rg thé Capital of Alface,and
formerly an Imperial City. The Frencb madethemfelves Mafters of it in September168r, when
they came to the very Gates of the Place before theTown had notice of their March, and when it was
306 STRASBOURG.
in no Condition to make refiftance for whether
they thought thcy had no need of being upon their
guard, or whether the chief Burgomafters had
been corrupted, the Town wanted but every thing.The Capitulation was figned on one fide by the
Marquis deLouvois,and theBarondeMenclarCom.-mandant in Alface and on the other by eight De-
putics of the City, which was fecured in ail its Pri-
vileges, Prerogatives and Cuftoms, both eccle-fiaftieal ar.d civil. The Bifhop was nevertheleftreftored to his See, and theCanonstothe Cathedral,which had helonged for 152 Years to xhsLutherans.
Lewis XIV. made his entry into Strasbourg the
2 3dof Ofloberfollowing, and immediately order'd
a Citadel and other Worksto beereôed, which have
fince been fo augmented that Strasbourg may now
be rank'd among the moft important Placesof Eu-
rote. The Marfhal Count deBourg commands in
it, and hasone ofthe King's Lieutenants under him,who is aiwaysa GeneralOfficer. M.Dangervilliersformerly Intendant of Daupbiny, is Intendant of
the Province of Alface and the City of Strasbourg.Thefe Gentlemen, whom 1 have been tofee, receiv'd
me with prodigious Civility, and very punctuallyreturn'd my Vifit.
The Marfhal Count de Bourgpreferves a ftatelyMien in an advanced Age, and one may eafilyper-ceive he has been a very fine Man in his time.
He was Page to Philip ox FranceDuke of Orléans*Brother to Lewis the Great, and to that Duke'sFavour his Advancement to Military Employ-ments is very much owing, tho' 'tis true that he
has diftinguiihed himfelf in the Service. On the26th
• Hewaî«Jvmc'dto theOfficeof Secretarr«t Warin tberoomof M-h Btmne,andwasfucoeededasIntroduitof JljkttbyM.JtHmrUj,formerlyIntendantof Mttxtand wbenthelatterwasmadeIntendantofPontbcwasfiwGecdedby M. &Brou.
S T R A S B O U R G. 307
Xz ape
26th of Augufi170g, he defeated near Rumerfheimthe Count de Mercy, who commanded a flyingCamp of 9000 Men detach'd from the Army ofthe Empire, then under Command of the Ele&orof Hanover, afterwards George I. King of GreatBritain. This Viftory gain'd M. de Bourg theblue Ribbon. King Lewis XV. gave him the Staffof a Marlhal of France, and confirmed him in theGovernment of Strasbourg. Thé Frencb Officersaccufe this Marthal of Pride, but for my part, 1hâve ail the Reafon that can be to love him for his
Civility.M. Dangervilliers is really more engaging than
the Marlhal, and is therefore more beloved bythe Officers. He is affable and civil, complaifantto Foreigners, and lives with a va deal or Splen-dor. The Princes of the Empire that border uponAlface like him very well, and think he is more
candid, and lefs haughty than his Predeceffors.There's not many of the Nobility fettled in this
City, and of thefe few that are wealthy and there-fore they live very much retir'd. The Canons ofthe Great Chapter who ought ail to be Princes or
Counts, are not of very great Service, becaufe moftof'em holding other Bénéfices,only come to Straf-
bourgto pafs away three Months there of their Re-
fidence, and by confequencethey are here as Stran-
gers. The beft Houfes therefore are the Intendant'sand the King*sLieutenants. There are always a
great manyOfficers here who are indeed amiable
ellows, and know how to ferve, and to be good
Company too upon occafion. The Commandantsof the Corps arc in Years, and Officers of Expe-rience, and the reft are de ver fmart Youths who
long fadly to be fighting, and would fain make
you believe the four Corners of the World will
quickljkbe on fire. I hâve not feen finer Infantrythe FrencbInfantry at thisprefent time. There
308 Strasbourg.
lower
are very fine Gentlemen too in the Cavalry, butthen they are not near fo well mounted as ours.You know the Cry with us is that the French areruin'd, and not able to do any thing more. Howthe Cafe ftands with them, 1 really know not, butif one may judge of it by Appearances, it cannotbe fo. No Troops were ever better cloathed, better
paid, more fpruce, nor finer. The Officers are
fplendid theygame, divert themfelves, and eat
and drink well, whichdoesnot feem to me to be theLife of People in want. Upon thefe terms, 1 would
be content to be in fuch want ail my Life long.The Garrifon maintains a Company of Come-
dians whoare paid by the Captains, and command-
ing Officers, for the Subalternsare admitted gratis.The Theatre, which is one of the prettieft in the
Country, is maintain'd by the City.A Man that has a Tafte for a plain home-bred
Girl may here find Amufement and good Blood.'Tis obferv'd that the Lutberan Women are the
moft beautiful, and the Sex at this Place is faid to
be very indulgent, and very tractable fo that I
lhould be apt to think, a Man need not be veryopen-hearted to them.
Tho' Strasbourg may be reckon'd among thefineftTowns in France,one can't faythere's a fingle
Houfe in it that is magnificent, or makes a grand
Appearance. The Cathedral is a very ftateîy Build-
ing of GotbicArchitefture; its famous Spire is oneof the moft lofty, and of the neateft Workmanfliipof any in Europe. Miffbnywho 'tis like alwayscarried his Plummet and Foot-Rule in his Pocket,becaufe he never fails to give the Length and
Breadth and Height of a Thmg, fays that 'tis 574Foot in height and I believe he is not miftaken.Erkivin deStembacbwho wasthe Architeâ, finifh'dit in the Year 1449. 'Tis faid that
Le^isXlV.had a mind to have a Spire ere&ed upon thé fecond
Strasbourg. 309
Tower which feems to have been built with rhatView. He order'd M. deVaubanto draw a Modelof it, and to compute the Coft, which he foundwould amount to feveral Millions of Livres. The
King thinking that he could employ that Sum toa bctter purpofe, contented himfelf with making aPrefent to the Cathedral of the Ornaments, and a!lthe Priefts Veftments for celebraring Mafs upon thefeveral annual Feftivals the wholeof which is ex-
traordinary fumptuous, and becoming the Magnifi-cence of one of the greateft Kings in the World.'Twas in the Cathedral of Strasbourgthat the Dukeof Orleans the firft Prince of the Blood of Francemarried asProxy to hrjois XV. Mary Le/cwjii, the
Daughter of King Stanijïaus. This Ceremony, atwhich 1 was prefent, was more magnificent thanwhat was obferv'd at Fontainbleau at the Queen'sArrivai and the Concourfe of GermanNoblemenand Princes hither upon the Occafion was prodi-gious. The Cardinal deRohan, asBifhop of Straf-bourgy gave the Nuptial Bénédiction. Nothingcan be finer than the Speecheswhich his Eminencymade upon that Solemnity As they fell into myhands, I think 1 ought to communicate them to
you. You will find them Verbatimat the End ofthis Letter. Poland in this Inftance, made a wor-
thy Reftitution to Franct, which many Years agogave the Pôlesa King who was afterwards the un-
fortunate Henry III and they have now in their
turn given a Queen to France. But Germanymayboaft that the Quecnderives from the Empire that
Fund of Virtue which is the Source of her Happi-nefs, and makes her admir'd by the Univtrfe.
France had for a long time left off fending to our
Climates for her Qucens. Mary-Anne Victoriaof
Bavaria was in a fair way tQbe one, but fhe died
a Dauphbefe*. Lorrain, Scotland, Italy and Spain,
TheWife~lravi: theX3
who.ru Lrw;lhad
TheWJcofLtwisthéDiophinwhow»LtwisXïVth'»
onlySon.
310 Strasbourg.
had as it were engrols*dthe Crown of France fortheir Princefles. But 1 hope the Virtues of the
prefent Queen and the other Germait Princefleswho are now at the Court of France will obligctheFrencb to confefs that if our Princefles have notCrownsfor their Dowries like the Infanta's of Spaix,
they have an Eftate of more Value than ail theWealth in the World, viz. Piety, Charity, andLove for the People.
A great many young Gertnan Gentlemen cornehither for the fake of learning ir«rfi, andtheir Ex-
ercifes, but 1 don't think they are a jot the betterfor it, becaufethe Mafters of their Exercifes arenot better Scholars here than they are in manyTowns of Germany\ and as to the Frencb, theyfpeak it very ill in this City; for the Inhabitantstalk Higb Dutcb, and our young Sparks are fo
pleas'd to hear their own Language fpoke that theynegleâ: to learn any other. Befides they alwaysherd together, and too eafily catch one another'sVices as well as Virtues. As they have not manyParts to lhew, they fpend thcir time at the Bil-
liard-Table, the Coffee-Houfe, and often at otherPlaces not fo honeft, of which there are but too
many here, this being a City as noted for Libertinesas any in Europe.
Jam, &c.
tbe Speecbof Cardinal de Rohan to tbe Qu ein,
beforetbe Célébrationof tbe Marriage.
MADAME*
TTTHILEIfeeyouinthisfacredTcmpleap-VVproachingtoourAltarstocontraâthatil-luftriousAlliancewhich istounite you to thegreat-eft of Kings and the moft amiable of Princes, I
adore
• ThcDacheùof Orlaauwhoûofthe BëJtMFamiJf,«adt~e Duchefaof Bwr6~.
Strasbourg. 311 I
X4 *He
adore what God defigns you for, and admire with
Tranfport the Courfe that Providence is fteeringto conduéfcyou to the Throne which you are go-ing to afcend. You are defcended, MADAME,from a Family illuftrious for itsAntiquity, for its
Ailisnces, and for theeminentEmploymentswhichcthe great Men it has given to Poland have fill'd
fucceflivelywith fo much Glory. You are thé
Daughter of a Father, who, thro' the various E-vents of a bufy Life, chequer'd by good and bad
Fortune, has alwaysmewnhimfelf the Gentleman,the Hero, and the Chriftian. You have for your
Mother, and your Grand-mother,Princeffes, wholike to Judith, and to that virtuous Woman whofe
CharacterisdrawnintheScriptures, haveattracledthe Vénération and Refpeâ of the whole World,
bythe Fidelity with which they aiways walk'd inthe Fear of the Lord. In your Perfon, MA-
DAME,are center'd ail the Accomplifhments thatcan be form'd by a happy Birth, and an admirable
Education, fupported by Exampks equally ftrongandaffecting. In you, that Goodnefs, chatMild-
nefs, and thofe Charms are predominant, which
gain Love at the famé time as they inforce Re-
~pect that Integrity of Heart which nothing can
refift that Superiority of Underftanding and
Knowledge which are confpicuous, as it were in
fpite of you, and in fpite of that Modeftyandnoble Simplicity which are natural to you and
finally that which is the Crown of fomuch Merit,that Tafte for Piety, and that Attachmentto the
true Principles of Religion, whichanimate yourActions, and regulate your Conduct. Adorn'd
with ail thde Virtues, whatCrown isthere to which
you might not reafonably afpire, exclufive of thec Cuftomwhich in fomemeafureobligesKingsto look
no farther than round the Throne for Princeffes
that they have a mind fhould reign with them ?
3f2 S TUA S BOURG.
l cm-
He who difpofes of Empires puts the Sceptre of
Peland into the hands of a Prince to whom youowe your Being, -and by giving the Father that
Splendor conduits the Daughter infenfibly to
the fubHmeStation he is preparing for her. But,OGod, how impénétrable are thy Defigns, and
how far abave human Prudence are the Means
thou makeft ufe of to bring about thy wife Pur-
pofes This Prince wasfcarce featedonthe Throne
in which the Choice of the Grandees, and the Af-
fection of the People had plac*dhim,' but he was
oblig'd to quit it: He is abandon'd, betray'd, per-fecuted one fatal Shot bereaveshim of the Herohis Friend, and the chief Stay of his Hopes: He
c fubmits to the necefîity of the Times without a-
bating in his Courage He fêeks refuge in a Coon-
try which is the common Sheker of unfortunate
Kings He cornes to France, and thither, MA-
DAME, you are followinghim. Ail that fee youthere, touch'd with your Misfortunes, admire
yoûr Virtue, the Odour of which fpreads to the
Throne of a young Monarch, who, fuch is
the Luftre of his Crown, the Extent of hisPower,and above ail, the Charms of hs Perfon, mighthâve made his choice out of ail the Princetfes of
thé World But being guided by wife Counfels,hefixesit u ponYou andhère the Finger of God
« is plainly vifible in improving that very Misfer-
tune which feparates the King your Father fromhis Subjeds, and takes you out ofpoiattd to give
Usin your Perfon, a Qucenwhofhall be the Gloryof a Father and of a Mother, of whom fhe is now
« the Comfort and Delight a Queen, who fliallrender that Nation happy which moft richly dç-« fcrves it, at leaft for its Refpeâandits Fidelieytg,its Sovereigos a Queen, who being inviolably« attach-d to her Duty, fuUof Tendernefsand Re-
fpeét for herHufband, and her King, and wifeiy
1S T R A S B O U RG. 313
• Ad-
« employMin what iscapableof procuring her folid
Happincfs, will revive to us the Reign of the
Emprefc Flaccilla, of whom Hiftory fays, that
having always kept the Precepts of the DivineLaw in her view, the conferr'd thereupon daily
with thegreat Ibeodofius,and that her Wordslikea fruitful Rain, water'd with fuccefs thofe Seeds
of Virtue which God had fown in the Heart ofher Hufband. Corne then, Madame, Cometo
the Altar. May the Engagements you are goingto enter into, facred of themfclves, (finceaccord-
ing to the Apoftle, they are the Symbol of theUnion of JefusChrift with his Church) may they
« bcalfofan&ify'dbyyourownDifpofition. Mayyou be fo fenfible of what you are
going to be,that you may acknowledge that in crowmngyour
Merits, he crowns his Gifts: And may you Chri-ftians that hear me, when you tee the fliining Re-
€ wards that are beftowed in this World upon trueVirtue, learn to refoeft and love it.'
Tbe CaràïnaYi Sfeecbafter tbe Célébrationof the
Montage.
MAD AME,
J^[ OW that auguft Ceremony is ended which
« 1^1 crowns our Hopes and our Wiflies givemeleavetodefireyourMajcfty's Royal Protectionfor the Church of Strasbourg. This Church has
not forgot and never will forget the fignalFavoursit hasreceivedfrom our former Kings. How greatare itsObligations to our laftMonarch! Beingde-
liver'd up by the Misfortunes of the Timesto the
Furys of Schifm and Herefy, it would perhapshave perUh'd as many othcrs did, if that greatPrince, by refuming the Rights of his Anceftors,had not undertaken its defence, and fupported it
with ail his Power. To him it isoblig*d for thé
314St*asbourg.
LET- |
` Advantageof being reflored to the Poffe1Iion0a this facred Templefrom which it had been ba-nifhed. There's
nothing here but what puts us,in mind of his Pious andRoyal Magnificence,1 Temples adorn'd, Paftorsliberally maintain'd,1 Miffions founded, new Converts protefted and
1 fnpporced, are fo manyMonumentsof the Zealand Piety of a King whoMemorywilj never
` die. He had not the Comfort to 6mfhthe Workwhich he hadundertaken that is to fa the
` reuniting of all the Sheepof this illuftrious Flock1 in one and the fameFold This was referv'd to` the
worthy Heir of his Zeal and Crown. It willgua
your part, MADAME,to reprefent to your Au-1 guftSpoufe how much the Remembranceof hisGreatGrand-father, his ownGlory, andour Ne-cefuties, which are
even thofe of Religion. require` of him.Youwill not defire that Recourfeihou'd 8` behad to thofe Methods which
exafperate, with-1 outperfuadi~; fuch wouldnotbetoyourMajefl:y'sliking, and Godforbid that wefhould fuggefl:them` to you.
Thofe Children whodifown us are your1 Subjeéès,
lIpDAME~andtheChurchofStra~boxrg` confiding intirely in God's Mercy,ftill looks onitfelf as their Mother. We therefore
conjure you 61
by theBowelsof Jefus
Chrift, to employ, for theB
fake of
uniting them, every Thing with whichin aaive butfympatbizing Charity may infpireand
Godwillbiefi your Majefty'sEndeavours, B1 and
our and will employ the initances of gC your Piety and your Faith to the toral Confufion6C ofError, and the
Triumph of the Truth. May yourReign be long OVer us, MADAME,for the Hap- )
Cpinefsof the 1(ing, and the Welfare of this greatI~mgdo Ma,y God hea,r the Prayers wh~ch theChurch has now offer'd up for your Majefty, and
mayyou be fo good as to place us in thé Rankof` yourmo(~zca10usand faithfulSubje&s.'
S AVE RNK. 315
LETTER XIX.
S I R, Heidelberg,March 12. 1730-
BEING in the Neighbourhood Of Saverne
where the Cardinal de Roban lives, I had a
mind to go thither. 1 have had the Ho-
nour to be known to that Prelate a long time, and
was overjoy'd at the opportunity of paying my re-
fpefts to him.
Armand Gajlon Cardinal de Roban was eleéled
Bifhop of Strasbourg the loth of Aprilijo^ and
received the Cardinal's Cap from the Hands of
Lewis XIV. the i8thof May, 1712. The Year
following he fucceeded the Cardinal de Janfon as
Great Almoner. The Emperor granted him the
Temporal Inveftiture of the See of Strasbourg t on
the
The ramons Cardinal William Egonde FurflenAtrgBifhopof Strasbtitrg diedthe ioth of Afril 1704, and was immediatelyfucceeded by the Abbot dt Rohan, who was chofe CoadjutorJan. 31,1701.
t Straibeyrgwu an Epifcopal See before tbe Year 376» forone Jrjuwa'T&ûiopofStraiioitrg wasthen prefent at the Councilof Cologne. The Chapter iî compofed of 24 Membcrs,<vi%.12 Capitulars, and 12 Dotû-cilairs, who muil bealt Princes orCounts. From 1592 the Canons were Lutberans, and Catho-Kcs till 16S1, when Lewis XIV. having taken Strasbourg,efta-blifhed a Biftop there whofeSee was at Motjheira, and caufedthe Cathedral to be reftoredto the Catholic Canons and not-
withftandingthecontraryDiff ofitionsottheTreaty of IVeflpbalia,in 1687, he turn'd the Lutbtran Canonsout of Brtuieifdo>iff,andthe Prebendswhich they retain'd in the Chapter Nevertheleûthé Luthtran Religion is tolerated ia this City.
3166 SAVERNE.
The
the ioth of June 1723, and in 1724, he obtain'da Seat in the College of Princes at the Affembly ofRatisbon. This Prelate who is confiderable for hisBirch and Dignities, is much more fo for his great I
Soûl, his polite and obliging Behaviour, and for anIAir of Grandeur which accompanies alî his Aftions. IHe is a comely Perron, as are indeed ail of his Fa- 1
mily Bdng noble and magnificent in every thing Ithat he does, he lives wherever he is like a great ]Nobleman, but partîcularly at Saverne. I found at Ihis Palace the Duke and Duchefs of Tallard, the
Duchefs de la Meiïîeraie, Madamoifelle de Melun,îhe Prince and Princefs of Birkensfield,M. Dan-
gervilliersy the Intendant of Strasbourg, the Countand Princefs of Hanau, and in fhort a great manyOfficers of Diftinction. They had ail convenient
Lodgings and Accommodation in the Caftle and
Gaming, taking the Air, Hunting, Mufic, andGood-Cheer were their confiant Diverfions.
The Bifhops of Strasbourg have refided for a
long time at the Palace of Saverne, which was al-
ways a convenient Houfe but the Cardinal deRobanhas made it very confiderable. The outfideof this Palace is not fo magnificent as the infide.The Entry which leads to the chief Stair-Cafe is
lighted to great advantage, and has feveral Out-lets that have a convenient Communication withthe lower Apartments, which are high, and veryfinely embcllifh'd. The principalStair-Cafe is verygrand, and leads to a ftately Salon with moft cu-rious Decorations. It has a double Apartmentwhich is render'd as commodious as poffible andthe Furniture confiftsof Embroidery of Gold and
Silvcr, which may be thought perhaps too rich.The Queen, who lodg'd at the CardinalesHoufewhen me came to Saverne, was charm'd with the
Splendor of it, and the extraordinary Refpeâ: withwhich fhe wasattendcd hère.
S A V E R N E. 317
riches
The Cardinal de Rohan defigns that this rich
Furniture fhall remain annex'd to the See for
which his Succefforwill certainly have very great
Obligations to him But his Eminence was not fo
much oblig'd to his Predeceffors; for when he was
chofe Bifhop he found a Houfe very much out of
order, and fcarce a Chair in it, whereas'tis now fit
for a King. His Eminency is about making very
large fine Gardens, which are in very great for-
wardnefs, and perfe&ly anfwerableto the Grandeurand Beauty of the Palace and at the end of themthere is a ftately Canal which coft infinite Labourand Expence. The whole of it is the more mag-nificent becaufe Saverne ftands at the foot of veryhigh Mountains; and in digging the Canal theWorkmen often met with Rocks which they wereforc*dto blow up.
At the Cardinal's Table there's both Abundanceand Elegance and hisEminency entertains in fucha manner as really charms his Guefts. AH his Do-meftics follow his example; and 'tis certain çhat
they are ail very diligent and that there is not a
Houfe in France, or in Europe, where there's betterAttendance. His Eminency's Houfhold, and ailhis Temporal Affairs in general, are dire&ed bythe Abboti; &raw»»*,Counfellor in the Parliamentof Paris.
The Cardinal is one of the richeft Noblemen in
France, and without difpute the moit expenfive.He has built a Hotel at Paris, and furnifh'd it
fumpruoufly. He has made confiderable Worksat Saverne, and laid out a great deal of Money in
Plate, Furniture, Pi&ures, antique Veffels, and
Bufts, Medals, and Books. Some time ago he pur-chas'd of the Prefident Menard the famous Libraryof the illuftrious Meflîeurs de Tbou, formerly oneof the moft celebrated in France and he daily in-
318 Weissenbourg. LANDAU.
riches it with ail the moft:curious and uncommon
Books and Manufcripts.Befidesall thefe Expences, the Cardinal intends
alfo to build a newepifcopal Palaceat Strasbourgwhere he is indeed but indifferently lodg'd at pre-fent. The Marquifs deN. talkingof the Cardinal
de Roban's Expence, faid, Tbat^ tofofure, bis Etni-
nencybad foundest tbe PbilofopberysStone. I think
fo too, and that he has done it by procuring him-
felf five or fix hundred thoufand Livres a-year in
good Benefices.From Saverne I went to HAGUENAu, and to
Weissenbourg, formerlyImperial Cities, and now
fubjeft to France, but Places of little confequence.
King Stanijlaus after the Death of Cbarles XII.
King of Sweden,being forc'd to quit Deux-Ponts to
whichhe had retired with his Family, came and re-
fided at Weijfenbourg and here it was that he re-
ceiv*dthe firft Propofals that were made to him for
the Marriage of his Daughter with King Lewis XV.
I came and took up my Quarters at LANDAU, one
of the moft fcoundrel Places in the World, but
the beft fortify'd and famous for having ftood out
feveral Sieges. The Emperor Jefepb took it when
he was King of théRomans. The Frencb retook it
a little before the figning of the Peaceat Ra/iadt, bywhich Treaty it was left in their hands. Theymaintain a good Garifon in it, and have added fe-
veral Works to it.
From Landau I pafs'd to Brhousel, with an
Intention to pay my refpe&s to the Cardinal de
SchonbornBithop of Spire who refides there, but 1
did not fucceed better there than at Raftadt-, for
his Eminency excus'd himfelf from fceing me be-
caufehe wasgoing ahunting, and put me off till next
day but I did not think it worth while to wait,
what had happen'd to me at the Court of Bade»
being too frefh in my Memory. I was afraid of the• Ti* alreadyfaradrancM. fame
1 Brhousel/ 319
Pound,
famé Fate at Brboufel, where I lay at fuch forryQuarters that I cou*dnot avoid catching Cold, myLodging-Room being without Glafs,andbefamifh'dinto the bargain, there being nothing to eat Be-
fides, my Landlord told me that the Cardinal madeeven thofe People who came to him upon Bufinefsdance attendance for three or four days. 1 faid to
my felf therefore that he had much more reafon tomake me wait, who came to his Court out of meer
Curiofity. I refolv'd therefore, as any Gentleman
ought to have done in the like cafe, and took the
opportunity of the Cardinal's Abfence to go andview the outfide of his Palace. Tis a great Struc-ture not yet entirely finifh'd, which the Cardinalhas hitherto carry'd on from the very Foundationbut if I muft be fincerewith you, ail thefe Works,confiderable as they are, have been form'd uponpitiful Plans. It has coft a very large Sum of
Money and I fancythat in the time of the ancientTeutonics.,it wou'd have been reckon'd a very fineStructure. The chief Beauty of it lies in its Si.
tuation for a great Variety of agreeable Objeclsare difcovered from the Apartments. The Gardensare alfo fo new that one can fcarceknow the Planof'em it feems to me that they are not of an ex-
traordinary Tafte, and that they wou'd be muchmore fuitable for a private Man than for a Sove-
reign.The Cardinal deSchonbornis a keen Sportfman.
He has Game enough in his own Sifhoprick, forthe Country fo abounds with aIl forts that theFields are ruin'd by the Deer. The Peafants arefo hard put to it to preferve their Corn that theyare obligM to watch it day and night. The Car*dinal often makes Hunting-Matches for the Stagand wild Boar, in which they kill hundreds atfuch times the Peafants are obligM to takea certain
quantity of Meat, for which they pay fo much 4
320 Spire.
Pound, according to a Price that is regulated.The Bilhoprick of Spire is one of the iruitfulleft-Provinces in Germanysbut the Inhabitantsare ex-i
tremely poor for their Provifions lie on their1hands, and they have fcarcewherewithal to pay|thegreat Taillies due to their Sovereigns. |
The Dignity of the Bilhopof Spire is élective,!3as are all the Bifhopricks of Germanywhich areipot in the hereditaryDominions of the Houfe of |Aaftria. The Bithop isSovereignof the Country,1but the City of Spire hasparticular Privilèges, asIhave all the Imperial Citiez. You know it wasI
at Spire that the Emperor CharlesV. eftablifh'dgthe ImpérialChamber, which is as it werethePar- Iliament of the Empire. The Frentb having de- 1
ftroyMSpire whcnthey ravag'dthe Palatinatey the IChamber or fuprcmeTribunal was transferred to |Wttzlar inWetteravio, whereindeedit feemd to be Imore in the Ceoterof Germanyand fecurMfrom all Imanner of Infult. E
Damen-HugoCount de Scbmbor*Cardinal, is at Ithis prefent Bifhopof Spire,and Coadjutorof Coa- I
fiêMte. He is alfogrand Commander of the Teu-tooic-Order. He washeretoforea Member of the
Empcror's Privy-Council, and his Plenipotentiaryto the Circleof Lower Saxony. ClémentXI. of theAlbani Family honour'd him with the Purple.He is defcendcdof a Family in whichMerit bas
happen'd to be back'd by Fortune. TheCardinal'sFather was the firft Count of it. He wasalfo one of the Emperor's Privy-Council, andBrother toLotbarius-FrancisEleâor of Mentzand
Biflwpof Bamberg. The Cardinal has aâually aBrother who is -Deftor of Triers, anotherwho is
Biflxopof Wurtzbourgand Bamberg,whom 1 havemention'd to you upon other occafions and laftly,a third who is a Counfellorof State to the Em-
peror,•HevasaddsùttedKt.oftheGoIJiM-Fittctatthe MProaBOtioo.
1Heidelberg. 321
Vol. I. Yv J
was
peror, and is now the Head of the Family.Meflieufsde Scbonborshad formerly an Ele&or ofMeiitz in their Familyj who was at the fame time
Bifhop of fPurtzbaurg, but that Prince left thenlno great Eftate; fo that they were not very richwhen Lotbarins Francis, Uncle to them ail, waschofe Ele&or of Menti. But this Prince procur'dthem both Wealth and Honours, and render'd theCount de Scbonbom,who is Counfellor of Stateto the Emperor, one of the richeft Noblemen in
Germany.From Brboufel to Heidelbergthere's one of the
fincftCountries in the World, planted with Fruit,andefpeciallyWalnut-Trees, which bring in a greatRevenue.
The City of Heidelberg, upon the Necker,is very much pent up by that River, and a Chainof Hills, fo that 'cis not near fo broad as 'tis long.This City is the Capital of the Lower Palatinate,and was formerly the Refidence of the Eleftors.Here isa Univerfitywhichwasfounded in 1346, byRobertPrince Palatine, who was chofe King of thtfRomans. No Town has fmarted more by the
Scourge of War. Since the Difgrace of FredericEleftor Palatine, whom the Bobemianschofe fortheir King, it has been taken, plunder'd, or burntfour times. In 1622, the Emperor's General Tillyput 500 Palatines in it to the Sword, and at thefamé time the Emperor carry'd off the famous
Library, which he gave in part to Urban VIII.who caufed it to be p'aced in the Vatican,where'tisftill to be feen. In 1634, Heidelbergwas befieg'dtwice. Jobn deWertb took it for Lewis XIV. butnot being able to carry the Caft'e he retir'd. Not
many days afrer, the Marflials deForce and Brtzéforc*dthe Quarters of the Germans,and took boththe Town and Caftle. The Frencb took this Citya third time in 1688, and again in 1693, which
322 Heidel-berg.
thé
was the laft time, Sword in hand at what time
they committed Cruelties lhocking to remem-
bsr, and of which there are woful Marks fti!lJcft in Heidelberg, and ail the Towns in the Pala-tinate. This City was beginning to recover it fclf
by the Ekclor's refiding there, when it brought fia moreheavy Difgrace upon it felf thanall the Mif-fortunes it had fuffer'd by the War. The Cafewas
thus l
The great Church of Heidelbergfince the Peacecf Weftpbaliabdongs half to RomanCatholics, and
half to the Cahittifts, of whom the former have Ithe Choir, and the others the Body, and nothingbut a thin Partition feparatesthe two Communions.The Choir not being big enoughto contain theCa-thôlics when the Court refided at Heidelberg, the
Eledlor propos'd to the Cahinijls to yield him the
Body of the Church, alledging that not only the
Choir was too feanty, but that he fliou'd be very
glad that the Church in which the Palatine Princes
Yxzinterr'd werealtogether Catholic. He promis'dat the fame time that another Church lhould be
built for themlarger and finer than what they were
to yield to him The Cahiaiftsùûd that the greatChurch had been granted to them by the Treaty of
jM~fr that all the Princes whowere Guaranteesof the Peaceof IFejlpbaliawere engag'd to prefervethem in thc enjoyment of it; that therefore theycould not give it up without violating that Treaty,which was their Security, and without rendringthemfe'ves unwerthy of the Protection of the Pro-
teftant Powers. The Eleftor, in order to remove
thofe Obftacles, confented that the Powers who
were Guaranteesof theWtjJpbalia1lTreaty of Pcace,in which the Church hedefird was exprefsly men-tioned, lhould be Guarantecs of the Church which
he promis'd fhould be built for them But all thefe
O.'ïcrs how reafonable foever were not accepted by
Heîdelrerg. ^23
Y 2 Thee
thé Caiviuijii. The I7 Icaorbeing thereby inccns'd,made ufe of his Sovereign A.uhor.ty, und took byforce what they were not willing to yidd to him
whereupon the Cslvinifis had recourfe to the Proteiiant Princes of tlie Empire, the Lutherans aswell as the Calvinifts^ who conltituting but one
Body and one Communion when thé Catholics areto be oppos'd, united togetner, and engag'J in their
Qiiarrel the Kings of Great Brilain, DeimarkjSzoeden,and Pruffia, and the Siates-Gensral. ThefePower, caufed thc Catholic Churches in their Do-minions to be fiut up, fequefter'd the Eftates ofthé Convents, and madefuch ClamorsandMenacestnat the Eleclor was oblig'd to reinftate the Calvi-
nifts in the Nave of the Church but he was fô
angry with the Inhabitants of Heidelbergfor their
DifrefpecT:to him that he remov'd his Refidericeto Manbeim. The Burghers were not very forryat firft for the Departure of the Court for beingaccuftom'd to itsAbfence, they flattered themfelvesthat the Tribunals of the Regency, which, fincethe Acceffionof the Nnobourg Family to the Elec-
torate, had conftantly beenkeptat Heidelberg,wouJd
reriiain there flill. But they were foon thrown intd
the ûtmoft Confternation when they faw thofe Tri-
bunals follow the Ele&or. They went and caft
themfelves at the Feet of their angry Sovereign,and afking his Pardon for having affronted him,
they ofFer'd him the Church which was the caufe
of his Difpleafure, and conjur'd him to return to
their City. But all their Supplications were fruit-
lefs the Ele&or was ftedfaft in his Refolution to
punith Heidelberg,and abandon'd it for ever. Hei-
delberghxv'ingno Trade, and fubfiftingonly by thé
Court, or by the Tribunals of the Regency, of
which it was totally depriv'd, faits now into decay;and will, no doubt, e*cr 'tis long dwindlc to little
Or nothing.
324 Heidelberg.
gréai
The Eîeftor's Palace is higherthan the City, and
fituate in fuch a manner that there's a Profpedtfrom the great Apartments quite through the
Opening between the Mountains, by which the
Necker runs into the Plain. The Palace is built
of Free-Stone, and is a magnificent Structure.
The greateft part of it was burnt by the Frencb
when they deftroy'd the Palatinate: The Lerîging-Rooms that are fubfifting are very fubftantial, tho*
not built in the modern Tafte. The Apartmentsare large, but want Ornament, efpecially fincetheyhâve been ftript of their Furniturc. The Gardens
were formerly reckon'd the fineft in Germany, but
there's fcarceany thing left of them except thePlace
where they flourifhed. If onemay judge of what
they were by their Situation, they muft have been
very plcafant, by reafon of the extenfive Profpec~t
they afforded into the Country.I donot intend to detain you with an Account
of the famous Tun, Miffonhaving given a more
ocaft Defcription of that thanof many Townswhich
he treats of. You will in his Travels 6nd a Cut
of this Veflel, which will give you a more per-feft Idea of it than any Narrative whatfoever.
The Eleftor Jobn-Wittiam, the Predeceflbr of the
prefent Eleftor, gave a Companion to this Tun,
which is not altogether fo large, but much more
adorn'd. They are both fuîl of Wine. 1 remem-
ber that in 1719, when 1 was at the Palatine
Court, theEkftor alk'd me at Tablewhether 1 had
feen the Great Tun and upon my faying that 1
had not, that Prince, than whom there was not a
more graciousSovereign in the whole World, told
me he would carry me to it. He made a Propofal
to the Princefs his Daughter, who was marry'd to
the hereditary Prince of Suhzhacb, to go thither
After Dinner wasover which ihe acspted. The
Trumpets led the way, and the Court followcd in
H E I D E L B E R G. 325
Y 3 Fitc
great Ceremony. When we had mounted the Plat-form which is over the Tun, the Elcftor did methe honour to drink to me out of the fVilkem,which was a Silver gilt Cup, of a large dimenfion.He took it off clean at one Draught, and havingcaufed it to be replenifhed, fcnt it to meby a Page.Good Manners, and the Refpett 1 ow'd to the E-leftor*s Commands, not permitting me to refufethe Chalice, 1 begg'd hcartily that he would fufferme to drink it off at feveral Draughts which was
indif1g*dme and the Elector talking in the meantime with the Ladies, I took the opportunity of his
Abfence, and made no fcruple to deceive him, forI return'd great part of the Wine to the bottom ofthe Tun, threw a part of it on the ground, and the
reft, which was the leaft part of it, I drank. 1
thought myfelf welloff that he did not perceive inwhat manner 1 bubbled him for 1 faw he was
very well pleafed with me. Then lèverai other
great Glaffes went round, and the very Ladieswettheir Lips, which was the thing that effeftuallycontributed to demolilh us. 1 v/as one of the firftthat was overpower'd. 1perceived thofe convulfiveMotions that threaten'd me if 1 drank any more,therefore 1 fneak'd off and made the beft bf myway down from the Platform. 1 wasendeavouringto get out of theVault, but was ftop'd at the Door
by two Life-Guard Men, who with their Carabines
croffingeach other, cry'd, Stand, tbere's no comingtins way. 1 conjur'dthem to Jet mepafs, and told
them that 1 had very important Reaibns for my
departure but 1 might as well have talk-'d to the
Wind. 1 found my felf in a terrible QrandaryTo get up again to the head of the Tun was Death
What would become of me I could not tell. In
fhort 1 crept under the Tun, and there hoped to
hidc my felf but it was a fruitlets Precaution
There's no avoiding a Man's Deftiny. It was my
326 HeIDELBERG.
Reafon.
Fate ta be carry'd out of the Vau!t, and to know
jjorhiniTcf thé matter. For the EIec"k>rpsrceiv'd 1
wasa Deferer, and 1 he.ird him fay, fVhae is be?ÏVbat's hecomecf him? Let bimbe look'dafter, and
brought upto medead cr aiive. The Guards at the
Door bcingexamifAi faid that 1 came that wayin
prder to get out, but that they font ire back again.AU thefe Ir.quirics, which 1 heard from my Hole,made me burrow my fcîf the more. 1 crept underthe Covert of a couple of Boards 1 met with bychance, where nothing buta Car, Dtvi!, or Pageçould poflibly find me out. But a little Page, whp
was indeed both Devil and Page too, ferrered me,and baul'd out like one that was mad, Herel,e is
litre be is! and then 1 was taken out of my Co-Ïjrt. You may imagine what a fillyFigure I made.
was carry'd before my Judge, who was the E-
leâor himfelf. But 1 took the liberty to challengeboth him and al! tîi? Gentlemen in his Retir.ue, as
being Parties in theCaufe. uilesï myUtile Gentlc-
man, faid the Prince to me, Tau refufeus for your
J Hdges Iwill cf peint yenctbers tber, and wejball
Jèe vibetber you zs-Jllcorneeffi any better. He no-
minated thé Princefs his Daughter, and her Ladiesto try me, and the Elector was my Accufer.After pleading my own Caufe they put it to the
Vote, and I wascondemn'd unanimoufiy to drinkas long as 1 could fwallow. The Eleclor faid, thatas he wasthe Sovereign he wculd mitigate my Sen-
tence that 1 fhould that day drink four PintGlacis of Wine, 'and that ror a Fortnight runningl fîiould tip off the !ike Glafs to his Health immé-diatelv after Dinner. Every body admir'd the E-leétor's Clemency, and whether 1 did or not, |v.-as fain to do as rhey d d, and to return himITianks. Then 1 underwent the heavieft part of
my Sentence 1 did not lofe my Life indeed, butfor fome I^ours I lolt both my Speech and my
1M A N H E I M.
327
Y 4 and
Rcafon. I was carry'd to a Bed, where when 1came to my felf I was told that my Accuferswereinthefamc pickle as 1 was; and that none of themwent out of rhe Vault in the fame manner as tijeyenter'd it. Next day the Eleôor was fo goodas to
mitigate the remaining part of my Sentence, andex-cus'd me from the Penance to which 1 was con-
demn'd, upon my promifing him that 1 wou'dmake one at his Table for a Month to corne.
I am, &c.
L ET TER XX.
5 Rt Manbeim,Mareb17. 1730.
N going from Heidelberg to MA NHEi m weleave the Necker on the right hand, but
keep almoft ail the way by the fide of thatRiver. 'Tis three Leagues from one City to the
other, over a fruitful Plain. Manbeim liesbetweenthe Rbine and the Necker, in a marmy Country,which hasalwaysbeen reckon'd very unwholefome.About fourfcore Years ago this City was but a
Village. Frédéric Eleétor Palatim who was chofe
King ofBobemia,caus'd it tobe fortify'd, andbuilt aCaftle or Citadel there,whichhecall'd Fredcricjbourg.At the fame time a Town was built, of which ail
thé Streets run parallel, the chief that pafTesthro'
the middle of the Town was planted wirh Trees
after the manner of Holland. But the Frencb ha-
vingtaken Manbeimin 1693, raz'd it totheground,
328 M A N H E M.
and by thcTrcaty oiNimeguenit was ftipulated that
Manbeim Jhould be demolifhed which was done
accordingly. Jobn-fPïUiam of Newbourgt the laft
Elector, beganagain to fortify à&»/éwot, accordingto the Plans laid down by the famous Cobornj but
thofe Workswere fufpended, fo that no more than
two Baftionsand a Courtain were finifh'd. When
the prefent Eleélor Cbarles-Pbilip came to live at
Manbeim he caus'd thofe Works to be refumedwhich his Brother had difcontinued, and to be
carried on with fuch Diligence that in a few Yearshe put the Place in a ftate of Defence The For-
tificationsare all fac'd withBrick and Manbeim is
now one of the bcft Places in ail Gtrmany.This Cityhasthrec fineGates, of whichthat of the
Neckeris the moft magnificent, and the bcft adorn-
ed in whichone féesbeautifulBafib-relievos, after a
Plan very happily executed. This Oareopenstowards
a long and lpacious Street, at the end of whichftands the Eleétor's Palace, one of the largeft and
moft fubftantial Buildings in Europe. It were to
be wilh'd indeed that the Architecture had been
more regular Never had any Architect more Ad-
vantage, for he built it new from the Foundation,was not ftinted for want of room, and as he fet
no Limits to his Expence, I fhould have thoughtthat a mafterly hand might have produc'd fome-
thing curious. Neverthejefs there are Faults in the
Building whichare flwcking to fuch as have the
leaft Skill in Architechtre infomuch that theywho have a Tafte for that Science are forry that a
Building which has been fo expenfive has been no
botter condufted. The Situation of this Palace is
indeed very fine, at the end of the City, and of a
very noblelarge Street, whichlikeail the reft runs in
a lirait Line. The Palace* which has a great Squarebefore
ThisFomeftùnowfinilh'd,andtheEkétor,whoconti-un tol(eephitCourtbere,hasaftrongGarifoninit.
1M A N H E I M. 329
in
xfore it, confiftsof a large number of Lodging-Rooms, with a great high Pavilion in the middle,and two advanc'd Wings, with ample Pavilions at
the ends where two other very extenfive Wing$rife on both fides that are likewife terminated byPavilions, behind which there are other Lodging-Rooms. The infideof the Palace is form'd by two
great Courts, which are to be feparated by an openGailery or Terrafs, the Model of which is verymuchadorned with Architecture but I can't think
it will look well when 'tis done. The Apartmentsareadorn'd with finenobleFloors and Cielings, andhave the fineft Profpeét in the World to Spire,Franckendabl,Worms, and all the Country in ge-neral, asfar as the MountainsoîAlface, which con-
fiftswholly of Towns and Villages. AU this fine
fruitfulCountry iswater'd by the Rhine,whichpaffesbehind the Palace of Manbeim, and walbes its For-tifications. Upon this beautiful Canal there are to
be the Gardens of the Palace, for which there areintendedtwo Courtains and a Baftion.
'Tis almoft inconceivable how the Elector wasable to get all the Works about Manbeim finiihedin fo few Years for in (hort I remember to havefeen Panridges where there are now Houiès andPalaces. The whole Town is laid out in a moft
regular and charming manner and'tis without dif-
pute one of the prettieft Towns in Europe. 'Tis
pity the Houfes are not higher The reafon theyalledge for it is, that Manbeimis afortify'd Town,and that byconfequence the Houfes ought to be low.1 know not what Authority there is for this, fince
Stra.sDourg,Metz, Luxembourg, and LJJle, arePlaces of much more Importance than Manbeix,and yet the Houfes are as high there as they are inother Towns.
The Palace is commodious, and yet, for whatreafon I know not, the Elector does not live
$ $6 M A N H E I M.j
4-
in it*. Some fay that he hasbeen told of fo manyFaillts in it as have quite put him out of conceitfvith it, and others that *tisbecaufe a certain Aftro J
loger prophefy'd he would die there but 1 am
apt to believe that the latter Reafon is no more than |k Jpke, and 1 dare to fay that the Eleftor is tooivife a Man to ctedit it. Mean time this Prince
dvells in a Houfe belonging to a Jewy to which fe-1Vefalothet private Houles are join*dj but for all I
that the Lodgings are very bad. I
There can'c bea better-natur*dMan than Cbarles-1
Philip of Newfoarg, Èle&or Palatine. He is the Ibeft of Mafters, and the moft affable of Princes. I
He is reckoned extremely handfomei and one of I
the chief Dancers in his time and he has a nobk I
Afpecl. His Behaviouf and Converfation engageOne to love him, and tô pay one's court to him I
eut of parc Inclination. He formerly was fond of
J*ompand Pleafure, but rince the lofs of his onlyDaughter and his Son-in-law, who died within a
few Yearsoneof another, he feems to be no longertakën with what was heretofore his Amufemenr.
The Éleflor has been twice marry'd, viz. firft to
Lotiifa-Cbarlotte Princefs of Radzeviiït, and fe-
tondly to Tbereja Lub<omirjki%both Polijb Ladies.
The former left him a Daughter that was marry'dtb Jû/epb-Cbarles Prince Palatine ofSuhzbacb, but
died in 1728 asdid her Hufband the Year fol-
lowiiig. This Princefs had fuch Beauty and Merit,that fhe wasthe Comfort of her Father and the Ad-
miration of her Acquaintance. She left threeyoungPrinceffes, whom the Ëleâor caufesto be educated
at hisCourt, where they are now all that he has to
delight him but then they inceffantly renew to
him the ibrrowful Remembrance of a Daughterwho was extremely dear to him.
TheThe
• Hea&aallylodgestherenow.
M A N H E 1 M. 23%
b«
The Death of that Princefs has been a verygreat Affli&ion to the Eleftor, and chang'd rheFace of the Palatine Court. Indrfd as 10 AfiV-
bility, and to the Goodnefs of his Temper, he is
itill the fame Elcctor, but h- has no longer that
Gaicty of Humour which his Daughter's Companyrais'd in him; for flie had a thoufand difFcrer.tA-
mufememsfor him, and Pleafures and Merriment
t:verywhere accompany'd hcr. The Eleftor cars
always in private, except on Holidays, and whenthere's any foreign Prince at his Court. After hebasbeen in public at Mafs, he commonly ftops in
oneof his Apartments to chat with the Courtiers,or to play at Billiards rill Dinner-time. After Djnrner he goes to Bed, and lies there two Hours thenhe rifes, and after having caus'd himfelf to be
drefs'd, he gives Audience to hisMinifters, and tofuch private Perfons as want to talk with him.
fît is very attentive to thofe who fpeak to him,and anfwers them with Good-nature and Kindnefs.He feldom refufes what is in his power to grantand when Reaibns force himto a denial, 'cis vifiblethat he is uneafy, and he refufes in fo civil a man-
ner, that People go away at leaft comforted, if not
contented. At fix o'clock in the Evening thewho!e Court meets in his Eleftoral Highnefs's A-
prtment,where there is Play till nine o'clock, and
then the Eleftor retires, makes a very flight Sup-per, and goes to Bed in good time.
Tho' the Eleftor dines in private there's alwaysa Table fumptuouQy ferv'd for the hereditaryPrince of Sultzbacb^Brother to him who was theEkftor's Son-in-hw. This paires for the Eleclor's
Table, is fpread for eighteen Gueffs, and is ferv'd
by Pages.The Prince de Suîtzbacb is look'd upon as the
Eleftor's Heir, becaufe 'tis not fuppofed that theElecWs Brother, the EJcûor of Mentz, would
332 Manhexm.
a
be willing to quit the firft Ele&orateof the Empire,and the great Bénéfices which he pofieffes, tobecome Ele&or Palatine, if he ilould happen tofurvive his Brother*. The Bifhop of Augsbourg,the Eleftor's fécondBrother, being a Prieft, cannotfucceed. The Prince de Sultzbactfs Father is ftill
living; but being as old as the Elector, he is notlike to furvive him very longt. The Prince
Jobn-Cbriftian of Sultzbacbwasborn in 1700. Heis the Widower of the Princefs de la Tour of Au~
vergne>who brought him for her Portion the So-
vereignty of Bergopzom and left him a Son, whois educatedat Srujfeh with his Great-Grandmotherthe Duchefs Dowager of Jremberg. The Prince
Jobn-Cbriftian is tall and extremely corpulent, in-fomuch that'tis wellif he bas not the Dropfy. He
fpent the firft Days of his Youth at the Court ofLorrain in France^ and in the Netherlands, bywhich TraveJs he acquired a great deal of Polite-nefs. He was lately betrothed to Eleonora-Pbilip-pina of HeJfc-RbinfeldS)Siftcr to the Princefs of
Piedmmt\% and to the Duchefs of Bourbon. ThisPrincefs is every day expeéled from Turin, towhich Place fhe accompanied her Sifter. Their
Highneflès will then go and kcep their Court at
BeideWergX.The
This Princediedat 'Brepmva.Afril1732.2.~6~9,mddiedHis Namewu Tbtodmre.Hewasbornin 1659,anddiod
in 1732.l ThelateQoeenofS*rJi*i*.The PrinceJtbm-CbrifiiambecamePrinceRegentof
SultzbacbafterhisFather'sDeath,butdidcet longfurvivehitp,forhediedfuddenlyJ*fy20.1733 fothatPrinceCharleshisSon.bornOtcembtr10.1724,1snowPrincePalatineoî Sultzbacb,Marqaiûof BtrgfK–m,andprefnmptiveHeirto theEleâor.Heisa veryforwardhopefulYouth. TheElcâorha fentforhimfromBntffehtoManbtim,notwithfiandingthe IntrearyoftheDuchefsd'JrtmbtrghisGreatGrandmotherbytheMother'siide.(whohadthecareof hisEducation,)that he mightbepermittedto daywithher. ThisyoangPrince'sGrandmother
M A N H E M. 333
The Principal Noblemen of the Palatine Court
are the followingFrancis-GeorgeCount of Manderfcbelât-Blancken-
beim*, the Steward of the Houfhold, Prime Mini-
fter, and Knight of the Order of St. HuLert. He is
of illuftrious Extraction is a Man of Integrity and
very great Probity, incapable of doingan ill thing,but not at all engaging in his Deportment for he is
ref,crved,with an Air ôf Haughtinefs, which is aDefect that he was born with, and endeavours to
conquer, but cannot. When one knows him inti-
mately he proves a good Friend, and capable of
doing one Service. He has very great Penfionsfrom the Eleftor, and is the oldeft of his Family,which being pretty numerous, he does uot live in a
very grand manner.The Baron de Sickingenis Great Chamberlain,
Minifter of State, and Knight of the Order of St.Hubert. He is a Gentleman of a fine Prefence,of an eafy and engaging Accefs, with profoundLearning, and Sentimentsfuitable to hisBirth. Hewas Governor of the late Prince deSultzbacb, Son-in-law to the Eledtor and he imprinted fuch Ideasof Men and Things in the Mind of that youngPrince, as gave great hopes that his Governmentwould be happy if ever he attain'd to it. M. de
Sickingenwas afterward the Eleclor's Envoy Ex-
traordinary to the Impérial Court and 1 knewhim at Viennawhere he was exceedingly beloved.At his return he fucceededhisBrother in the Officeof Great Chamberlain, which he exercifes with the
Approbation of the whole Court.
John.
isthePrincefsDowager£ Auvergne,SiftertoiheDuke&Artm-btrg,oneof thetoaftedBeautkîof herTime. Sheretir'd toa Nunnery,is a Ladyof goodLearning,andnowoneoftheHeadsoftheJmfeniftPartyof Htlland.
Hediedfoonafterthiswaswritten,andhisPlaceis notyetfill'dup.
334 M a n h è nf.
John- Frédéric Count de Globe,isGrand Marinai,Minifter of State, and Knight of the Order of Sr.Hubert. He is very rich, and has a fine Eftate inIBobemia. He was once the Eleftcr's Page, who
finding him it the bottom a Man of Integrity andI
Honour, took cate of his Fortune, gave him thebsil Empîcyments at his Court, and raifed him to
the Dignity of Count. M. d^Qlobelns been feldomsu Mànbeimfor fome Yearypafl: which is a Lofsboth to Court and City, becaufe he livd very
hobiy, and more than ai!, wasvery civil to Fc-
FeignersThe Baron de Wchlin is Maffer of the Horfe f
He is one of thofe Men in whom we meet withthat Candor and Probity fo much boafted by our
Fathers.The Count de la 'Tcur and Taxis is Captain of
fhe Life-Guards, Lkacenant-General, and Knightôf the Order of St. Hubert. His Carriage feems
blunr andproud, ycthe isfamiliar with thofe thatare
in his Confidence. He has confiderable Credit at
Court, owing to hisSifter*sbeing fo long in favour
with theEIedtor.
Julius AugujttiiCountde la Marck, Lieutenant-
General, Captain of thehundred&t^fërf, and Knight6f Sr. Hubert is defcendedof an illuftrious Familyin the Empire. He fpent part of his Youth in the
Service of France, where his eldeft Brother is now
aftually à Lieutenant-General, Colonel of a foreignr
Regiment, and a Commander of the Order of the
HolyGboft.He haslearntall theirwr^Politenefsi hisBe-
I fuppofeM.Jt Globendead at leaftheisnoloneorGrand
ÂïarJhal,rhatPoftbeingocenpiedby the BaronJe Btvtrn,a
Kivy-CouafeUorandPrefidentof theEcckfiafiicAdminiftratkmr
atHfMbtrg. This MùnfterdoesanHonourte tbcEkâor'*Choiceof hu Perfon.
+ TheOfficeof Mafterof the Horfeis vacant; but thè
6>uïitdeNefelroJioesthéDutiesofit, inqualityof Vice-M*fki of Aéhoift.
Manheiu 335
Behaviourrefembles the Manof Quality •,hisTenir
per is gay, and he Joves good Cheer, Joy andPleafures.
The Count Egmontde Hatzfeldt Lieutenant-Ger
neral, Minifter of State, and Secretary at War,cornesfrom one of the beft Families in the Empire,This Nobleman isextraordinary civil his Houleis
©pen to all Perfons of Diftinftion he lives verynobly, and both his Lady and himfelf are veryfond of entertaining Foreigners. They were bothintruifed to conduét to Piedmont the Princefs ofSultzbacbfirft Wife to CbarlesPrince of Piedmont*,and difcharged their Employments in fuch a man.ner that they had the gentral Approbation of théSardinian Court.
The Barons of Hildejbe'imand Beverenare bothMinifters of State. The former acquired a verygreat Réputation in the Negociations that were
carry'd on at Heidelbergin 17 19, for the Church ofthe Calviniftswhich the Elcftor had a mind fliou'dbe Catholic. The fecond has been Envoy to the
King of Great Britain. They are both to be va-lued for their Merit, live very honourably, andxnake Foreigners welcome.
1 could tell you of many other Perfons of Birtband Merit employd at this Court, but really myLetter would be too tedious. Neverthelefs 1 can-not omit the mention of the BaroniïObJten, whom
you faw at BreJIau,after he had quitted theServicex>fthe Czar. He is fettled here, but bas no Cha-racter. He and ail his Family are become of ourCommunion. He bas a confiderable Pcnfion fromthe Eledlor, and is generally very well efteenyd.^ïis Son, who isa Captain, is a young Gentlemanof Merit, and hisDaughters are young Ladies highlyto be eflcem'd for their gpodBehaviQur and Politernefs.
The
The prefentKingof Sardinia.
336 MANHË I M.
S
The Count deNoflau-lVeilbourglives hère alfaHis Birthwouldengageme to give youan Accountof him tho' 1werenot induc'dto it by the Confide*ration of his Merit. This Noblemanhasan infi-nite fhare of it he isgenerous, magnificenr,gen-teel, and civil, knowmg what Family he is de-fcendedfrom but knowing it for no other reafonthan to difchargeall the Obligationsof it. He isthe Ornamentof this Court, tho' he is not in theServiceof the Eleâor. His Father wasVelc-Mar-
fha],andCommandcrinChiefofthePalatineTroopiduring the Reign of the late Eleôor JebnWittiam.The Count 1 am fpeakingof was Envoy Extraor-
dinary fromthe Eleaor to the Court of Francedu*
ring the Minority of LewisXV. He then wentoften to the Royal Palaceto pay his court to the
Regent's Mother, and there it was that I knewhim for that Lady and the wholeCourtofFrancehad a very great Value for him. That Princefs
fpeaking of himone day to me, faid fhewasveryglad that he was a Countof Naffau for indced,faid uef he defervesto bear a greatName
There are amiable People here of both Sexeswho are very fociable, fothat'tis a Stranger*sownfault if hemiflesof Amufementhere for fuchare
generally treated very civilly. As for my ownpart, 1have receivedfo many Courtefiesfrom theEkâor, and fo manyFaveurs fromhis Court thatI ihall foreveracknowledgethem.
The Nobilitymaintaina CompanyofFrexcbCo-medianiwhoaâmreetimesa WeekuponaverylittleTheatre, but both the Townfmenand Foreignerspay. Tho' this Company, of whichthe Count de
la
• Garni UiOmckConau&r in Ctirfof ùe P*l*ii~Troopt,aad GevenwrofMtmttim,dyiagin -Ag»/«734»théEkâar jmdttCaamaadafkûTrooj»totlKCount/r^y:fufWriibmri,aadtheGovenuMptof MaibtiMtotheBaronet Z*i*l.
M a n h e i m. 337
Vol. I, Z LET-
la Marck has the Direction is not the beft, yet 'tis a
pleafure to goto it for the fake of feeing Company.In the time of the late Princefs there were a thou-fand Pleafureswhich there are not now, fo that herDeath is ftill lamented.
The Elector's Revenuesare reckon'd at twoMil-lions of Crowns. You may rate them more or lefs,'tis no matter; for my own part, 1 affirm nothing,being not willing to imitate the Marquis de Breton-
Villiers, who in his Memoirs of the Regency va-luesthe Revenues of all the Princes of the Univerfewith as much affurance as if he had been Super-intendant of every one's Finances. The Elector hasabout 7 or 8000 Soldiers, exclufive of his Guards.
His beft Places arc Manbeim, Juliers, and Dujfel-
dorp. The three Religions tolerated in theEmpirehave Churcheshere, and the Je*<vs%large Synagogue.
They are very numerous at this Place, and two
thirds of the Houfes belong to them, as being ei-
ther built by them, or mortgag'd to'em. Some of
them are very rich, and drive agreat Trade with
the Jews at Metz, Frankfort and Ainfterdam. 'Tis
certain that they do a great injury to the Chriftian
Merchants, and that they are not honefter here than
tlfewhere.Don't write to me, if you pleafe, before 1 have
lent you my Direction, becaufe 1 know not whether
1 irull ftay longenough at Frankfort, to whichforru.
Affairs call me, to receiveyour Letters.
Juft now we hearof the Death of Pope BemdiEt
XII[. As 1 never faw a Conclave, and am in the
Humour of Travelling, 1 have an inclination to
take a tour tQ Rame. I Ihall not refolve on it till I
come to Frankfort. Which way foever I go youIhall be inform'd, and 1 will not fail to defireyourCommands. Mean time 1 am always very fin-
cerely, £s?f.
338 FRANKECNDAHL. Worms.
LETTER XXL
S I R, Frant/brt,Marth21. 1730.
T my Departure from ManbeimI pafs'd theRhine over a Bridge of Boats, and in threeHours time arrived at FRANCKENDAHL,
whichwasformerlyfortified,but after having fufFered
by the gênerai Conflagration in the Palatinate, was
difmantled by the Pcaceof Nimeguen, and fo it has
remained ever fince. It ftill bears the Marks of
Frencb Fury; and a great many Houfes that were
burn'd have not been rebuilt.
There's the fineft Country in the World be-
tween Franckendabl and Worms. 1 came hither
at ten o' clock in the Morning, and fpent the
reft of the Forenoon in feeing what was moft
remarkable. Worms is not the Place now that
it was before the Frencb burn'd it. Its moft
wealthy Inhabitants inftead of rebuilding their
Houfe, retir'd to Frankfert and Holland, fo that
the Chapter of Worms,which is wholly compos*dof
Perfons of Quality, is now the chief Gloryof the
Town. TheBifliop of it is the Ele&or • oïMentztwho was chofe July 12, 1694. This Prince bas
built a new Epifcopal Palace, the Contrivance ofwhich
• Sinccthis«aswrittentheEleâorofMtmtx.of thePtdatitttFamilycfNrulvurgdying,theChapterofWtrmtunanimooiljrchofeforitsKflioprranm-GsvrgtCountdtScb*ni*r*,ArchbifhopandEleûcrof7r«r/.
Wo r m s. 339
Z 2 tbere
which is beautiful. lt joins to the Cathedral whichis ancient, and built very fubftantially. The L«-therans have juft built a fine Church, the Roof ofwhich ispainted. In feveral Compartiments there'sthe Hiftory of Luther** pretended Reformation.That Doftor is there reprefented asappearing beforethe Dyet of the Empire which met at WormsAn.
1511. You know that he was cited to it by the
Emperor CbarlesV. His Friends, to difluade himfrom appearing, put him in mind oîjobn Hufs, who
notwithftanding the Safe-Conduft that had been
granted him by the Emperor Sigifmondywasburnt
by a Decree of the Council of Confiance. Lutherwithout being intimidated, faid, that tbo' be was
Jure to beengag'dwitb as manyDevils as tbere wereTiles upontbe Houfesof Worms, be was refolv'dta
go. He went thither accordingly, and appear'd the
i7th of April before the Dyet, where he offer'd,with a Courage deferving a better Caufe, to main-tain his Do&rine and his Writings againft ail thatfhould go about to demolim them from the HolyScriptures.
The City of Wormsftands in the middle of a fine
fpaciousPlain, abounding with Corn, Vineyards,andFruit-Trees. AWine isproducedhère whichiscall'd
Ueben-Frauen-Milcb, i.e. OurLaifsMilk. TheRbine is about three or four hundred Paces from
the Town, but 'tis faid it formerly ran clofe by théWalls of it. Which way foever one cornes to
Worms, one perceives at a great Diftance the four
Towers of the Cathedral which are ail built of redFreeftone. Two drunken Fellows miftook thofeTowers oneday for CapuchinFryars. Beingin the
Countryat apretty good Diftancefrom theTown, as
the Sun was going down, one of them faid to his
Comrade, We bave no Timeto lofe, tbe Gales are
Coing to bejbut. Nomatter,faid the other, point-
mg to tbe Towers Don't youfee tbofe Capucbins
340OPPENHEIM. FRANKFORT.
mony
tbere beforeus ? Tbeyare of tbe Town, and are going,t,bit,beras well as we. Tau are in the rigbt, reply'dthe former, let us drink tbe good Fryar*s Health.
They had a Gourd Bottle full of Wine, of which
they drank every Drop, fo that they did not over-take the imaginary Capuchins till next Day.
There is not a finer Country than that between
Worms and Oppenheim, a littlè Town upon an
Eminence, on the left Side of the Rbine, to which
wepafsover a flying Bridge. The Road from Op-penbein is unpaffable for near two Leagues, becaufe
'tis commoniy overflown by that River but after-
wards the Way is perfe&lygood to Frankfort. 'Twas
very late when 1 came to this City, but by goodluck the People of Frankfort who formerly fhuttheir Gates at Sun-fet have lately chofe to keepthem open till ten o*clock, fo that for paying aTrifle one may enter the Town.
1knownot whether1needgive anyAccount of the
City of Fr ankfor T. It has beenfo often defcrib'd,and is fo well known to the World, that 1 fancyevery body knows what fort of Town it is, tho'
they have not feen it. Frankfort is famous for its
two yearly Fairs, viz. at Eafter and Mkbaelmes.
It fuffer'd much by a great Fire in 1619, but thewhole has been fince rebuilt, and the Houfes arefiner than before. There are few Places upon thewhole more di4reeable, and few Towns in Ger-
many where the Common People are more un-
polilh'd. The Burghers are not to be match'd for
AfFedednefs, and their Converfation is infupport-able. The Magiftrates areallLatberans neverthe-lefs the principal Churchesbelong to the Catholics.The CahtHÎfts may live in the Town, but cannocbold any Employments, and are oblig'd to go for
Worihip to-Bocktarbtirnin the Cbunty of~tMw, andto caufetheir Children to bebaptiz'd in the LutberanChurches. The great Çhurch in which the Cere-
Frankfort. 341
mony of the Emperor's Coronation is pcrform'dis dark, and by nomeans proper for fuch an auguftSolemnity. You know that.d'ix la Cbapelleis pro-perly the Place fet apart for the Coronation of our
Emperors, and Frankfort for their Ele&ion. Butfince Maximilian I. no Emperor has been crown'dat Aix. Frankfort being fituate in the Centre of the
Empire is much more commodious for ail the Prin-
ces, but particularly for thé SpiritualElectorsand forthe Eleétor Palatine, who may fend for their Equi-pages by Water and return them back by the fameConvenience. When Cbarles VI. was crown'd at
Frankfort in 1711, therewasanextraordinary Con-courfe of Princes and Noblemen. Certain fpecula-tive Gentlemen made two Remarks on this Occa-
fion, from which they prefag'd two Things. Theone was, that the Emperor made his Entrance intothis City in clofeMourning for the Emperor Jcfepbhis Brother whereupon they faid that Charles wore
Mourning becaufehe forefawthat he fhould be thelaft Emperor of his Family. The fecondwas, thatas Cbarles return'd from rhe Church invcfted withall the Marks of Sovereignty, Charlemain'sSwordhad like to havedropp'd out of theScabbard whichthe Elettor of Triers of the Lorrain Family obferv-
ing, catch'd hold of the Sword, and put it in againbefore it was quite fallen out of the Scabbard.
Upon this, the fame Calculatorsof Nativities faidit wasan Omen that the Emperor would never havea quiet Reign, and that he would alwaysbe ina Si-tuation that would oblige him to draw his Swordfor his Defence*.
Z 3 As
Thefe(hirp-fightedGentlemenwerenot fo happyas tafardéethe Marriagewhichhaslatelyunitedthe Farailiesof
Aitfiri*andLtrraim,andbroughtthelatterwithinViewofch«
IrapaûlCrown,ofwhichtheEleftorofTritnfavingtheSwordin theScabbardfeemstohavebeena remarkableOmen.
342 FRANKFORT.
As to Perfons of great Diftin&ion at Frankfort,they are very few. The Chief are the Princefs-
Dowager of Naffau-Ou/bigen,born Princefs of Lo-
veftein the Countde Degenfeldt(Scbcmberg) Ma-
jor-General of the King of Prujîa's Forces, and aCommander of the Order of the Black Eagle and
finally, Madame la Raugravef Daughter ofCbarles-Lewis Elector Palatine She is the laft of the Bloodof the Proteftant Palatine Princes. The Senate of •
Frankfort, in confideration of her great Age, and
in refpedt to her Birth, hasgranted her the Libertyof keeping a Calvinift Chaplain to preach in herown Houfe. Sometimes the Prince de la 'Tourand
Saxis n Hereditary Poft-Mafter of the Empire re-
fides at Frankfort. His Houfe is a great Relief to
Foreigners. His Princefsisa Lady of very greacMerit, and has the Soul and Sentimentsof a Queen.In the Houfes of the Perfons that 1 have mention'dthere's an Affembly of both Sexesevery Eveningbut take them one with another they are very thin
except at the Fairs, when there's a vaft Refort of
Nobility and Gentry. Moff of the Eleftors and
Princes of the Empire hâve their Agents at Frank-
fort, to whom they givethe Title of Refidents but
thofe Gentlemen are not a jot the more refpeftedfor it, moft of them beingMerchants of the City of
Frankfort it felf, who follicit the Title in order to be
exempt from the Authority of theSenate, and fromthe Payment of the Cuftoms, and to qualify them-
felves
HewastheKingof Prujfim'sPlenipotentiarytotheKingof GriotBriiaim,andisreturn'dtoFrankfort,whereheisMi.nifterfromtheKingofPriffa to theCircleof theReine.
t ThisLadydiedJm.1733.I SincetheAatborwuat FramiftrtthePrinceJltxtmitrde
la TourandTaxiswhomarriedaPrincetsof Braaàt»b<Mrg-'&a-nith. refidesinthisCityandisbuildingaHoufethere.
"• SheZf<~e/~of Z<Afew/e,ofImd~Eoavitx.Daughterto thelue PrinceLtofolAofLtiiewitx,whowastheEmprefc'schiefStewardtill 1708.
Frankfort. 343
Z4 Hiflory
fclves to place over their Doors the Arms of thePrinces to whom they fend the News-pap;:rs.
The Count de Degenfeldtmakes fuch a Figurehere that he deferves a more particular mention.He is a Nobleman of good Extraction. He is aNative of the Palatinate, and fpent his Youth inthe Serviceof theEleclor-Palatine. He wasat thatTime a Calvinift, but turn'd Catholic. SomeYears
after, he was reconcil'd to his former Communion,andmarried in Englanda Coufinof his, the Daughterof the Duke de Scbomberg,with whom he had a
very great Eitate. He has alfo a confiderable
Expeétancy from Madame la Raugrave a Palatine,his Aunt The Relation of M. de Degenfeldt tothis Lady, brings to my Mind the Hiftory of theMother of Madame la Raugrave, who as I haveobferv'd was a Degenfeldt. I have chofe to giveit you from what was told me by the late Madameof France, and from very good Memoirs that havebeen put into my hands. 1 have plac'd this Hi-
ftory as a Tranfaclion in the Time of the ancient
Germans and as 1 de!ign'd to infert it in a Workwhich I hâve undertaken, for want of fomethingelfe to employ my Time, 1 chufe to do it by wayof a Difcourfe from Madame the late Electrefs ofHanover to her Daughter-in-law. 1 herewith fend
you the entire Hiftory, and at the End of it youwill find the Key. As I fancy you are quite difen-
gag'd in the Country, I don't apprehend that the:
reading of it will be Lofs of your Time. I ratherfear you won't like it but in either cait: 'twill be
your own Fault 1 don't force you to read youmay if you pleafe let Gertrude alonc.
This Ladydiedat Frankfortin Teb.1733.
344- GertrudeVHijlory*
Hiftory o/GERTRUDE a Marcoman Lady.
THE Hiftory of Gertrude, of which I pro-pofe to give you, my Princefs, a Relation,
is properly the Hiftory of the Extinction ofmy Fa-
mily for the fatal Pafîion of my Brother KingMalcalm for that Lady, is in ail appearance theReafon that there are no more left in my Familythan three Prince/Tes*, and myfelf
There was fuch a Harmony in Sentiments be-twixt my Brother and me, that it united us in theftricteft Friendfhip. We had been brought up to-
gether in Belgiam-f, where the King my Fatherhad been obJig'd to take refuge, that he might benearer at hand to receive Succoursfrom Alfred Kingof Albion,Father of the Queen my Mother, againftthe Romans, who after a long and bloody Warhadturn'd him out of his Dominions. That King a-mus'd him a long whilewithfair Promifes but the
Mifunderftanding which there wasat that rime be-tween him and the Statesof his Kingdom, added toa certain Indolence in his natural Temper, hinder'dhim from feeing the EffecT:of them and the Kingmy Father did not live longenough to be Jtnefsofthe Peace which the Romanswere at lengthoblig'dby his Allies to conclude. This was not an advan-
tageous Peace for Malcolmmy Brother, becaufe inorder to obtain it he wasoblig'd to yield a part of
hisDominions to the Princeof the IlBoyens,an Allyof the Romans,and upon thefe Terms he was leftin quiet poffeffionof the reft.
WhenWhen
Madame tbe Abbçfs of Mauhriffon, Sifter to Madame the
Eleftrefs of ffamrvcr, who is fappofed to be the Perfon that
~petkthtre Madame the Duchefs of Haxaurr, Mother to thé
Emprîfs Jmclia, and Madame the Princefs of Coudé.
f At Rbtneir, afmall Town in the Province oiVtrecht.
(| The Vfftr Palathate yielded to the EleRor of Bavaria bythe Treaty of Wtjlfbalia.
GertrudeV Hiftory. 345
Gertrude
When my Brother faw himfelf eftablifh'd on the
Throne, he thought of marrying. His Minifters
propos'd the Princefs of the Catti as the fitteftMatch for him, and aflur'd him that befidesher il-
luftrious Extraction he could not marry a morebeautiful Princefs, or one of a better Temper.My Brother who only alter'd his Condition forReafons of State, was willing enough to followtheir Advice, and accordingly efpous'd her. The
Marriage at firft prov'd very happy the QueenhisWife had her thare of Beauty, and tho'herTem-
per was very different from what it had been re-
prefented to my Brother, yet flie fo cunningly dif-
guis'd it for fome time that this Prince thought him-felf very happy in his Choice. But their Agree-ment was of a fhort Duration the Queen's trueHumour foondifcover d it felf: It appear'd that fhewas ill-naturd, and intolerably high-fpirited of anodd fullen Temper, alwaysready to contradidt, and
frequently fubjeft to Chagrin, of which fhe herfelfknew not the Caufe, and which fhe vented upon ail
that approach'd her without diftin&ion. The Kingmy Brother wasof a Temperquite the reverfe He
lov'd Diverfions, wascivil, affable, naturally gay,beneficent; and I don't fpeak it out of Partiality infavour of a Brother whofe Memory is ftill dear to
me, but TU be bold to fay, that if he had not been
quite fo choleric, he would hâve been the moft ac-
complith'd Prince of his Time. Neverthelefs hebore with his Wife's i11Humours very patiently at
firft, and endeavour'd to reclaim her by gentle U-
fage but when he faw that all the Pains he tookwere to no purpofe, he refolv'd at length to feekout fome other Amufement.
The Beautyof Gertrude, Maid of Honour to the
Queen hisWife, had for a long time fmitten him,but hitherto he had only difcover'd his Paffionto
her by hisGlances, for fear of difgufting the Queen.
346 GERTRUDE*SHtftory.
tho*
Gertrude who perceiv'd that my Brother did notlook upon her with Indifference, afFefted to fhun
every Opportunity that Prince might take of re-
vealinghis Love to her. But Fortune favour'd myBrother, who being one day with his Queen in her
Apartment, when the Dilcourfè fell upon Jewels,perceiv'd that the Princefs had left off wearing acertain Braceletof whichhe had made her a Prefent,and afking her what fhe had donewith it, the Queentold him that fhe believd the had laid it up in aCaiket of which fhe had the Key in her Pocket.She made one of her Maids fetch it, and open'd it,but the Bracelet was not there, at which the feem'd
uneafy. This my Brother obferv'd, and taking aPleafure in making her more uneafy, he faid to her,tho' in a manner that fhew'd he did not think as he
fpoke, that fhe had undoubtedly fome Gallant in a
Corner, to whom lhe had either given that Brace-
let, or who had fiole it from her. Thefe Words,tho' deliver*din jeft, made a deep Impreffîon uponthe Queen, and as it was her Nature foon to take
fire, ine was ftung to the quick at what he had
faid, and forgetting the Refpeét fhe ow'd to the
King her Hufband, was in fuch a Paffion withhim that fhe let fall fome Words that were veryaffronting. My Brother who was naturally mettle-fome and fiery, and far from expeâing any fuch
Treatment, made her anfwer, that if the con-tinued to forget herfelf after that manner, he wouldfind ways and means to humble her. Upon thishe went out of the Room abruptly, and paffingthrough the Antichamber, met the fair Gertrude.Such washis Difguft that inftead of being upon thereferve as he had been, he had a long Converfationwith her, and found her fo fprightly and good-na-tur'd that he was compleatly charm'dwithher. Hedeclar'd his Love to her, and fhe was fo artful that
GertrudeV Hiftory. 34.7
kept
tho' fhe gave him no Hopes, yet fhe did not rebuff
him.When my Brother was retir'd, Gertrude went
into the Apartment of theQueen her Miftrefs, who
plac'd her whole Confidencein her. That Princefs
no fooner faw her but fhe made a thoufand Com-
plaints of the King's Treatment of her. Gertrude
feem'd to fympathize in her Refentment, and be-
lieving that the Queen could not fail to know thatthe King had talk'd with her in the Antichamber,fhe told her that the Prince having met her in her
Paffage gave her an angry Account of whathad
paffed and that fhehad doncall fhe could to pacifyhim, butto no purpofe: At the fametime fheblam'd
the King's Proceeding and encourag'd by the Li-
berty which the Queen gave her, told her that if fhewho was but a private Gentlewoman was fo treated
by any Hufband, fhe would never pardon him tho'he were a King. She added feveral other Sayingswhich inftead of pacifying this filly Queen, did but
exafperateher the more.
In the mean time, Malcolm, who was impatientto know the Succefsof his Amour, wrote a Letterto Gertrude which he fent her by one of his chief
Domeftics, together with a rich DiamondEquipage.But the artful Gertrude whofe Aim was to drawon his Paffion, rather than to gratify it, vras farfrom yielding to hisfirft Attacks, and fent him backthe Diamonds, tho' with a modeft and refpeclfulAnfwer, wherein fhe defir'd him to talk no moreto her of Love. My Brother was too deeply fmit-ten to be repuls'd he doubled his Prefents, was
affiduous,andeager inhisCourtfhip-, and as'tisveryrare for a King of his amiable Perfonage to meetwith long Refiftance, Gertrude abated of her Shy-nefsby degrees, and at length difcovered that fhewas not infenfibleof Love. Their Correfpondencewhich did not exceed the Bounds of Honour, was
348 GertrudeV tîiftory.
Abfence.
kept fecret for a confiderable time, but made th
greater Blaze when it was-known. Malcolm beingl
one day with his Wife, happen'd, withoutperceiv-l
ing it, to drop a Letter which the Queen took up,and found to be the Hand-writting of GertrudtX
The Letter bdngwritten inLatin made the QueenI
the more curious to know what was in it and lhe I
gave it to her Coufin,Prince Falamir, defiring himto unfold the Contents of it to her. This Prince
was fo unwife as to fatisfy her Curiofity, and ac-
quainted her that Gertrude by this Letter aflur'dthe King that he had gain'd her Heart. You will
eafily imagine how much the Queen was ruffled
when (he heard of this Intrigue She could not con-
tain herfelf and'without giving ear to the Argu-ments made ufe of bj Falamir, lhe ran immediatelyto Gertrades Apartment in the Palace, who by
good luck wasgone abroad. The Queen thinkingher Cafket was in Gertrûde's Clofet caufed it to
be broke open, and finding it there, open'd it,and took out ail the Letters, of which feveral
that appear'd to be from the King her Hufband
left her no room to doubt of that Prince'sextraordi-
nary Paffion for Gertrude, and of theIntimacy there
was between them. My Brother was quickly in-
form'd of what the Queen had beendoing, butcon-
ceal'd his Uneafmefs, fhew'd his Wifeno mannerof
Refentment, and only fent a Caution to Gertrude
not to retum to the Palace. Malcolm'sSilencede-
ceiv'd the Queen, who indeed was not a Lady of
very great Pénétration, fo that fte flatter*dherfelf
the King mightpoffiblybe ignorant of the Outragelhe hadcommitted and upon this Suppofitionlhe
thought it her beft way to diffemble her Hatred
and Wrath againftGertrude. Shepretendedthere-fore to be very uneafy for fear of what had hap-
pen'd to her, caus'd a Search to be made for her
feveral days, and fecm'd very much deje&edat her
1 Gert ru de' 's Hiftory. 349
would
S
bfence. She hoped by ail thefe DemonftrationsfcfFricndfliip to decoy her back to the Palace, inder then to be compleatly reveng'd of her.
I Thus Matters ftood when the King of the Suevi,e Brother-in-law of the Queen my Sifter-in-law,me to Court with the Queen his Wife. This
Prince having obferv'd the Queen'sMelancholy onfeveraloccafions,afk'd her the reafon of it one dayas they fate at Table. You muft not be furpriz'd,faid Malcolm, to fee the Queen my Wife out of
f* temper; 'tis her common Infirmity, and veryof-tenihe her felf knowsnot the caufe ofit. My Ail-
ment is but too real (reply'd the Queen in a greatPet ) and (then addreffing herfelf to herHufband)
laid me, it does not at ail become you whofedif-honourableAmours hâve been the only Caufe of
myDiforder, to infinuate as if it were but imagi-nary.' This Anfwermadein fopublic a manner, i'c
nettledmy Brother that heturn'd palefor meerVexa-
tion, and not being able to curb his Pafiion, forgot
bis Dignityfo far as to ftrike her; upon which theunfortunate Princefs rofe from Table, and retir'd inTears toher own Apartment. My Brother, whofe
Paffion was always as foon over as it was eafilykindled,was forry in a very few moments after for
what he had done, made his Excufes to the KingandQueen of the Suevi, and rifing fromTable, went
with them to his Wife's Apartment, where he afk'd
her pardon for what had pafs'd. This Atone-
ment, which the Queen did not expeét fo foon,touch'd her to the quick: The King and fhe em-
brac'd eachother, and exchang'd their Promifes to
forgèt as well as to forgive every Offence. But
would you believe it? that fickle, fantaftiçalCrea-
ture mySifter-in-law chang'd her mind ail on a fud-
den, and wher. her Hufband came in the Eveningwith an intention to fpend the Night with her, me
abfolutely refus'd to Iethim be'dwith her unlefshe
3«o Gertrude'j Hiftory.
ther
would refolve to deliver up Gertrude to her. Mal\
colm, who was ftill afham'd at whathe had done inhis laft Fury, receiv'd fo violent a Propofition withlmore Patience than he would have done upon an-other OccaGon. He endeavour*d by fair Wordsto pacify his Wife, affuring her that nothing crimi-lnaf had ever pa£*d between him and Gertrudet andthat tho' he had correfponded with the Girl by Let-
ters, it was not out of any Love he had for her, foImuch as to know whether it was true that ihe wrote1as good Latin as he had been told ihe did. Tho' Ithis Speech of his was not very probable, yet as I
People are eafily inclin'd to believewhat they wi/h Ito be true, the Queen fuffer'd herfelf to be at laft I
perfuaded, and was reconciled to her Hulband Iwithout infifting any farther on the Sacrifice ihe at Ifirft demanded. I
The Emperor being corne to fpend fome Time Iat Pluibourg, fummon'd an Affembly thither of thePrinces of the Empire. My Brother went thitherwith the Queen his Wife but the Confequencewas that they were more embroil'd than ever and
my Sifter-in-law was fo unadvifed as to let Ctefarand his Courtbe-Witneflèsof certain Brawls, whichfor her own Intereft as well as her Huiband's, fhe
ought tohave carefully confin'dwithin the Limitsofher own Houihold. 'Tis true that my Brother hadno very great Refped for her, and he lov*dGer-trude more than ever. Being hindred by a OightIndifpofition from going to Montpayen where he
kept her at one of hts Houfcs, not a Day pais'd buthe fent an Exprefs to know how ihe did, and the
Queen's illTemper, who no doubt had better have
try*d good-natur'd Methods to reclaim him, onlyincens'd him againft her, and made him the fonderof Gertrude.
The Affembly of the Princes of Germait}beingover, and the Emperor retum*d to Rame, my Bro-
Gertrude'j Hiflory. 351
word
ther fet out for Montpayenthe Capital of his King-dom, and gave orders for his Queen to follow him
next Day. But for a Reafon which I never could
dive into, the Princefs inftead ofobeying himftay'da Month longer at Pluibourg, without vouchfafingto let the King her Hufband know the Reafon ofher delay and not only fo, but when fhe came to
Montpayen,fhe had the Affurance togo with a bold
Face to her Hufband's Apartment, without know-
ing how he would take it But the Prince who had
juft Reafon to be angry, forefeeing that fhe waslike enough to take fuch a ftep, had given orders torefufe her Entrance wherefore flie was oblig'd toretire to her Apartment, whither a Captian of theGuards came in a Moment after, to tell her fromthe King that ihe was a Prifoner.
This unhappy Princefs bore her Difgrace veryweakly. She repented, but too late, of havingbeen fo imprudent as to contra venetheOrders of the
King her Hufband and hoping to work upon his
Good-nature, fhe wrote him a moft fubmiffiveLet-
ter, begging his pardon for her Difobedience, and
intreating him to reftore her to her Liberty. MyBrother fent her an Anfwer, wherein he only gaveher the Title of the Princefs of Cattia. He toid
her, that having confider'd theDifagreement therewas betwixt his Temper and her's, he refolved to
be divorc'd from her, and that fhe would do wellc herfclf to give her Confent to it which if fhe didwith a good Grace, he would reftoreher to her Li-
berty and fettle a Revenue on her fuitable to her
Rank.'This Anfwerwasa Thunder-ftroke to my Sifter-
in-law fhe rav'd and tore like a mad Woman.She was for a long while like one out of her Senfes,but recovering them at length by the help of her
Women, and confulting with thofe that had the
greateft ihtre of her Confidence, fhe fent the King
352 Gertrude*/ Hifiory,
word that he wasMafter, and might make ufeof his
Authority, but that fl\e would never confent to theDivorce. I
My Brother who had fix*dbir.Refolution, andfaw no other way to get poflêffionof Gertrude than I
by marrying that Girl who had prefum'd to fet fo
high a Price upon her Favours, took off the Mafk,
notify'd his Defign to the Court, and in a few daysafter, the Mamage was perform'd in the mannerthat you know is praclisM in German) by Princeswho marry beneath themfelves, which excludes theChildren by fuch Venter from fucceeding to the Fa-
ther*sEftate. Asfoon as he wasmarry'd, hereftor*d
the Queen to her Liberty, and acquainted her,That by the Advice tnd Confent of the Prieftsof his Kingdom whom he had caufed to be af-
• fembled, he had marry'd Gertrude, That the
• Thingbeingdone and paft remedy, he hoped Ihewould refolve to make her felf eafy. That how-
• ever, he would always treat her as a Princefsthat lhe Aould be welcome to continue in her A-
partaient at the Palace that flie fhould have herGuards to attend her, and that he had fet apart a• fufficient Fund for her Maintenance but that he
expected (he would be fo complaifant as to ac-
4 knowledge Gertrude hereafter for the lawful
• Queen.'MySifter-in-lawwhothen faw that her Difgrace
was infallible, gave her felf up to Complaints and
Tears, wrote to the King her Huiband in the moft
moving Language, and implor'd the afliftance ofthe King her Brother But all was to no purpofe;ffie wasoblig*d to fubmit to her Misfortune, and tobe patient under an Affliction which fhe had partlybrought upon her felf by her Folly.
While ail this pafs'd, my Brother was at one ofhis Seat? not far* from his Capital, where hecaus'd
Gertrude
Z At$<lmtttu»gf§aLe»gu«fromBditlbtrg,
GehtrùdeV Hijiory. 353
ner,
Gertrude to be treated as a Queen, a^d not longafter carried her to Mmtpayenwhe:e the fi^ht of her
Royalty wasa frefh Mortncation to the Queen mySifter-in-Iaw. However, the unfonunateJPrincefsnot yet defpairing of the m^ans of reclaiming her
Hufband, was refolv'd to make the laft Attemot totum that Prince's Heart. She drefs'd herfelf inthe moft gay and rich Apparel that fhe could get,and taking her Children along with herj wentto meet the King her Hufband in the Room nextto ths Hall where he was at Table with Gertrude,and thro' whichhe muft necefîârilyreturn. Whenhe appear*d, flic threw herfelf with her Children athis Feet, clai'p'd his Knees, conjur'd him withTears in her Eyes to look with Pity on an unhappyPrincefs whom he had formerly thought fit to makehis Wife, and to confider that the Affront he putupon her by divorcing her, would be a Reproachto thofevery Children of whom he had been fo fond.
My Brother feem'd to be melred at fo moving a
Spcftacle, look'd for fome Moments on his Wifeand Children with Tears in his Eyes, and he was
juit ready to raife her from the Ground, whenGertrudewho wasat his Heels, fearing what mightbe the Confequenceof theConfufionthat fhe fawhim
in, talk'd eam.eftlyto him in the 'fufcan Language,faying, Remember^my Lord, wbat you promu dme. Thefe few Words wrought fo much on the
unfteady Mind of my Brother that he only lifted
up his Hands to Heaven and went on, Ihewing
by the Trouble he was under, how little he was
Mafter of his Reafon upon this Occafion. The
Queen my Sifter-in-lawremain'd for a while fpeech-lels, but Fury and Djfpair quickly feiz'd her Sont.She rate up and ran into her Clofet, where fnatching
up a Dagger* ihe came back again with an Inten-VoL. I. A a tion
Twasa PiûolwhichtheCoantdt Hoktnk£utch'd from
354 Gertrude'j Hiflory.tion to ftick it into her Rival's Heart. But the Ragelhe was in having fo confounded her that lhe had
not a Thought of concealing that Infiniment of her
Revenge, it was perceiv'd by one of the chief Cour-
tiers who pluck'd it from her juft as fhe was goinginto the Clofet whcre my Brother was with Gertrude.
That Prince hearing a Noife fo near him ran out,and demanded what was the matter. 'Tis I, (faidthe Queen very couragioufly) who was coming to
revengemy felfand you too on the Monftcr which
« difuniresus but that Traytor there (faid fhe,
pointing to the Man that had wrefted the Dagger« out of her Hands) has depriv'd me of the only
Opportunity that 1 could call a Pleafure. Prin-
ceis, (faid the King to her very calmly) don't in-
( dulge your felf*any longer in fuch extravagantPaillons, if you are unwilling that 1 fhould uiè
you roughly.' Then he retir'd with Gertrude,and my Sitier-in-law return'd to her Apartment ina Temper which you may eafily imagine.
Clodius,who now governs the Empire, being atthat time proclaim'd Emperor, this Princefs made
her Complaints to him, and deûYd him to reconcile
Malcolm to her. But C*fer having excus*dhim-
felf, my Sifter-in-law who could no longer bear the
Prefence of her Rival, retir'd to the King her Bro-
ther, there to wait the End of her MÎsfortunes.
My Brother liv'd afterwards very lovinglywith bisnew Spoufe, and had by her four Sons and as manyDaughters. But Death having at laft robb'd himof a Perfon fo dear to him, the Prince was foaffliâed
for the Lois of her, that he fpent two Years in con-
tinuai Sorrow, and at length himfelf paid the fame
Tribute to Nature.He
ber,andfliotintothéAirfrordtheWindow. Buthereit wa«abfoîotclyneceflaryto call it a Dagger,Fire-ArmsbeingnotkaownsttbeTimeofwhichthisHUtorybe/ridate.
Gè r t kù deV Hifiory. 355
A a 2 Moyens,
Hc left but one Son and a Daughter by his law-ful Spoufe who furviv'd him fome Years. The
King my Nephew was marry'd, but he was of fucha melancholy Temper, his Humour was fo diffe-rent from the Queen's, and therewas fo little Lovebetwixt them, that he died without Iflue. Withihim I hâvefeenmy Family utterly extind, its Do-minionstransferr'd to the Power of a Prince who is
hardly related to us, and my Country abandon'd tothe moft difmal Defolation. For my Niece havingmafry'd Mercveus, Brother to AriovifioKingoftheGauls, the latter who is an ambitious Prince and
goes to War upon every the leaft Pretence, af-ferted the Rights of hisSifter-in-lawwithout Delay^and pleading that fhe ought to fucceld to the ïn-
beritance of the King her Brother, notwithftandingthe Salie Law eftablilh'd in Gernany, he fent a for-
midable Àrmy into the Dominions of my deceafed
Nephew, whçre the Gauls at firft meeting with no
Refiftance, committed enormousGruelties-,and et-
tended their Fury even to the Violation of the
Tomb of the Kings my Ànceftorsj whofe dead
Bodieswere ftrippM and expofed to the Caprice of
the unruly Soluiers: Calamines, which ptrhapss
would never have happen*d, had it not been for
my Brother*sfatal Paflion for Gertrude; becaufe in
ail Appearanceif hehad liv'd in a good Underfland-
ing with his lawful Spoufe, he would have had
ImoreChildren by her, and I Ibouldnot have had
the Vexation to fet the Throne of my Fathers poffesMby a foreign Family.
tET to tbe Hifiory o/GËRfRUDE.
ÂlbioUyEngland.AlfredeX.James I. King ^"England;Ariovifto, Lewis XIV.
Belgittm, Holland.
356 GertrudeV Hiftory*BoyettSy(Prince of) tbe Ektior of Bavaria.Catti, (Princefs of) tbe Prince/s of Hdk-Cziïcl.
C<efarytbe Emperor.Clodius, tbe EmperorLeopold.Germania, Germany.Gtrtrude, tbe Baronefsof Degenfêldt..Malcolm, Charles-Lewis Eleftor Palatine.
Meroveus, Philip «/France, Dukeof Orléans, Bro-tber to Lewis XIV.
Montpaye», Heidelberg.
Pluibourg, Ratifbon.
Romans, tbe Imperialifts..Rome, Vienna.
Suevi, (Kixg of) tbe Margrave of Baden-Dourlach.
End oftbe Hifiorj of Gertrude.
I hâvenot fcrupled to give you this Hiftory, becaufeail the Perlons who are Subje&sof it are dead. lewrote it very much in hafte, for the Diverfion ofthe Princefsd' A– fo that you muft not be fur-
priz'd if you don't meet with aft that Exaânefswhich there ought to be in this little Narrative;.tho' 1 muft tell you again thatevery Tittleof it is
true, fo that you may read it as a Hiftory,, and notas a Romance.
1have fix'd my Refolotion, and new amfettingoutfor Rome thereforepleafetodircâ tomeat Venue. E
go to-morrow toa greatHunting-Match that is tobe^t Darmfta4t%where I fhall ftay two Days: Fromthence 1 fhall go and fpend two more with theCount de Hanau and rhen will I begin my Pilgri-magç.to thé Holy Places. Lam moft entirely,
&i'f.
DA2MSTAD'-f. 357
LETTER XXÏI.
S I R, Munich, Aprtl z. 1730.
I N C E you recéived my laft I hâve done
and feen a great many Things. On the
23d of Marcb fet out from Frankfort for
DARMSTADT, the Capital of theupp^rCounty
of
Çatzencllenbogen, and me Refîdence of Erneft-Lewis
Landgrave of 'Heffe-Darmftodr*This Town is extremely fmall, and only enclofed
with Pallifadoes. If the Prince's Palace had been
finilh'd according to its Model, it would have been
one of the greateft and moft magnificent in Europe,and there might have been Lodgings for the Em-
peror, and aU the nine EleStors of the Empire. It
would have been bigger than the Town, and have
A a 3 coft
?£&>fhefâagnaiiimous, Landgraveof Heffi-Cafr!, wasin ni8 Severeign of ail the Country of HeJJi. He died in1567, and left tour Sonswho fhar'd his Dominionsand form'd.thefonr Branchesof Heffi-Caffel,HeJ}e-Marpurg,Htje- Rheinjehand HtJfc-DarmftaJt The landgraves Lenaiide Alarpurg-nd
Philip dt Rbeix/elihad no Iflue, but their Nephew Maurice of
Cajfel havinz 18 Chilctrcn, Earnefl one of the Sons reviv'd aBranch of Rbtinftls which was divided into thofe of Rotcuburgand Vmmfriti,thatareilill fubfifting. The Poilerity cf GeorgeI,landgrawof 'HarmfiaJt was altogether as fruitful, and form'dthe Branches of Darmfiait, Butxbacb, Hambourg,and Lauter-bacb, fomeof which are extinft. The Landgrave- Régent isone of the fixteenChildren of the Landgraye Leivh VI.Grcet-GrandfonofGecrveI. There reat prcieat thefefix Branchesofthe
Family«ff&ff, vix. x.HeffeCaffel, z. MeJJk.?hilitfalU3. Htft-Rbtiufds-Rùtenbaun, 4. Hejfi-îtbûaftli-VanfrUd, SHejfe-Darmfiadt,•£>. %ejji-j£œibourg.
358 Darmstadt.
to
coft immenfeSums ThatPart whichisfinifliMmakcsa very grand Appearance. But all thofe magnifi-.cent Works which the Landgrave Regent at firft
carried on with very great Vigour are entirely dif-
contini^'d, and therc's no Appearance that they will
ever be taken in hand egain. The old Palace is
much more commodious than it feems to be; its
Apartments being convenient, and richly furnifiVd.The Landgrave does not ]ive in the Palace, but
Jeadsa very retir'd Life in a little Houfe upon the
Square, whereheis never feenbut upon Sundays and
Holidays. He amufeshimfelf in turning of Ivory,
making Chymical Experiments, and in Drawing.He loves Huntin g above ail things whatfoever.
He delights in Agriculture, and in Mufic, and it
may ftri&ly be faid that he is never unemploy'd.He has very great Knowledge naturel and acquir'd.He has feena great many Countries, and tho fixtyYearsof Agehe ftill looks well, and his greyHairs,not to call them white, give him a venerable Air.
He fits a Horfe very weU,walkswell, and feems to
enjoy perfeft Health. His Wife wasDorotbyof
Brandenhurg-Onoltzbatbj whodiedin 1705. They
fay that he lately married JV de Spïegel the
Widow of Count Seibelfdorfa Lieutenant-General
in the Service of Bavaria. B2 that as it will, the
Marriage is not public, and the Lady ftill goes bythe Name of her former Hufband by whom Ihe
has Chi!dren. *Tis tme that the Landgrave paysher very great Diftindion, and indeed ihe is veryamiable.
This Prince commonly dînes at a little Table
fpread only for four People; but on Sundays and
Holidays he goes to the Palace, and dines with his
Son at a Table cover'd for fixteenGuefts, and fupswith the Ladies who are never feen at Court but
upon thofeDays. *Tisa very hard matter to corne
at the Speech of the Landgrave, and much more
DARMSTADT. 359
A a 4 Land-
to that of his only Son the hereditary Prince. Th*
Hunting-Officers are the only Perfons that have the
Privilege of Accefsto them; for which reafon thisis not one of the moft entertaining Courts and aMan is under a necdiïty of throwing himfdf intothe Town, where indeed there are a great manyPeople of Merit who are civil to Foreigners.
The hereditary Prince Lewis, the only Son of thé
Landgrave, who was born the gth of April 1691,is a handfome Man, has a noble Air, dances we!l,mounts a Horfe well, has Vivaciry, Spirit, and
Politenefs, but is often thoughtful, melancholy,and goes for Retirement to the Woods, where heis paffionatelyfond of Hunting; but is apt to createhimfelf Uneafinefs, and does not know how to dif-
femble it. Tho' he has all the Qualities neceflàryto ihine in Company, yet he fees but vcry little.He married Cbarlotta-Cbriftinaof Hatiau, whody-ing in 1 726, left him three Sonsand two Daughters,the eldeft of which was then feven Years of Age.By virtue of this Marriage the Prince is Heir to theCount of Hanau'i Eitate in Al face and to all hisFreeholds in general, whichwill be a very rich Suc-ceflîon.
Neverthelefs the Court of Varmftadt is very nu-merous. The Landgrave has a great many Coun-fellors of State, Gentlemen of the &dchamber and
Court, and a greater Number ftill of Officersof the
Venery, and Huntfmen. There is not a Provincein Germairjmore proper for Hunting, nor in Europewhere there arc more Deer. 'Tis a 8at even Coun-
try, and a gravelly Soil interfperfed with Woodsthro' which there are eut noble Roads. 1 havefeen the Deer corne up clofe to the Pallifadoes of
the Town, and at their Rutting-time I hâve heardthem cry as 1 lay in my Bed. This .great p'entyof Deerù extremely troublefometo the Peafantswho
arc abroad day and night to watch their Fields. The
360 DARMSTADT. HANAU.
ring
Landgrave and the hereditary Prince are fo jealousof their Game that they reckon it as bad a Crime asMurder for any one to kill a Deer and tho' 'tis aneftablifli'd Cuftom among almoft all Sovereigns to
punifli with Severity aU thofe that kill a Creaturewhich God however certainly created for the Ufc ofail Mankind, yet there is no Prince who obfervesthis Law more firiéUy than the Landgrave.
1 cannot give you a more certain Account of theRevenues of this Prince than of thofe of ail the o-ther Sovereigns. *Tisfàid that he has 5 or 600000Florinsper Ann. I am not very well inform*dof
the number of his Troops, for 1 hâve only feen his
Regiment of Guards which is in very compkat Or-der. His Horfe-Guards are alfo very fine Troops,and eommanded by the General Miltitz, who is at
the fame time Grand Marfta! of the Court, theHonours of which he performs in a very handfomemanner.
Tho' the Soil at Darmfiadt is very gravelly, it
produces excellent Pulfe. 1 hâve feen Afparagusat the Landgrave*»Table, three of which weigh'da Pound, tho' indeed they were not altogether fo
nice. 1remember that in a former Journey which1 made hither in the Month of December,there
were brought ta the Landgrave in feveral Po|s of
Porcellain, a Dwarf Cherry-Tree laden with Cher-
ries Strawberry-Plants, an Almond-Tree, and in
ihorr, the Fruits ôf ail the Seafons.The intended Huntirig-Match, for what reafon
I knownot» wasput off; and as 1 camehither onlyto fèéit, I ftaid butone Day an.dwent to Hasau.The Count and the Princefs of Hanau were but
Tatély return*dfrom Alface. The Town of Hanau
4s fituatë on a larjge PÎain to the rightof the Main.JTis divided into two Wards, the old and the new
'Tcçwn Thelatter is muchbigger than the former
\t was built by the-Waïïeon Proteftants, who, du-
Philipsruhe. 361ring the Duke ofAlya\ Perfecutionunder Philip II.
King of Spaint quitted the Netberlands and came
to fettle at Hanau, which they fortify'd, and built
in fuch a manner that all the Streets run parallel.The Count keeps feveral Companies in pay, from
which he makes Detachments for theQuota
hc
is oblig'd to furnifh, as a Member of thc Circle of
of the UpperJRbine.The tValloonswho are fettled at Hanau have efta-
blifliedfeveralManufaâuresthere, efpeciallyWool-
len Stuffs. The Calvittijts, the LMtberans%and the
Jews are toierated hère, and as for us Catholics,we may go to Mafs where we pleafe.
The Count's Palace is in the old Town 'Tis an
ancient Building, and makes no great Appearance,but the Apartmentsare commodious,and very richlyfurnifh'd. The Count has a very pretty Pleafure-
Houfe a quarter of a League from Hanau, call'd
Philipsruhe, i. e. {Pbilifs Repofe)and built bythe late Count de Hanau, Brother to the Count Re-
gent*. 'Twas at this Seat that I found the Count
of Hanau. There wasa very numerousAttendance,
and I heartily wifli'd I could hâve ftaid there a few
days. Few Princes in the Empire live more ele-
gantly than the Count de Hanau. The Lady who
direds the wholeHoufhold, and keeps all things in
wonderful Order is the Princefs t who is of the
Family of Brandenbourg-Jnjpacb, and Sifter to the
Qaeen of Evgland. At this Court you havejdlthe
flberty than can be defired. When you firft corne
a Chamber is providcd for your Lodging, and a
Footman order'd to wait on you. Every Morning
an Officer cornes to know what you will pleafe to
hâve for Breakfaft and therc's every Thing to be
had that you call for. If afterwardsyou havea mind
to go out a Hunting, you fend to the Great Huntf-man man
This Countdiedip.1736.+ Shcdiedat Hanauaftera verylongIllnefs.
362 Ppilipsruhe.
From
1
man for a Guide and to the Count for Horfes out ofhis Stables. If youcorne back too late for Dinner at
Court, you are ferv'd very elegantly in your own
Apartment. In the Evening when you are retir'dfrom Company, a Butler takes care to provide youwith Wine and Béer. The Servants of Foreignersdiet with thofe of the Count. His own Table
which is commonly for eighteen Guefts is ferved as
well as moft, and a fecond Table is ferv'd with thefame Magnificence. The Count bas a very great
Family, and lives every way like a Prince and in-
deed 'tis his own Fault that he is not one, for hehas had the Imperial Diploma for it a long whilc,but he does not care to make ufe of it faying, hehad rather be the firft Count than the loweft Prince.He is the laft Maie of his Family. After his Death
the County rfHanau relapfes to the Landgrave of
Heffê-Caffelyaccording to the Treaty of Confrater-
nity made between the feveral Families of Saxetrf,
Heffeyand Hanan, which imports that the faid Fa-
mUies/hall fucceedone another. The King of Pa-land as Ekclor ofSaxmy ought to have had hisShare in the Succeflion to the County of Hanaa,but his Majefty by a Treaty yielded his Rights to
the Landgrave of Caffcl As to the Lands in Al-
face, and the Freeholds, they revert, as 1 told youbefore, to the Children of the hereditary Prince of
Darmfiadt.Tùe Count of Haneu feems to be much older
than he is in reality. He is a very civil NobJeman,and Hunting isa Diverfion of whichhe isextremelyfond, fo that to kill a Deer upon his Lands is an
unpardonable Crime; and the leffer Game, fuch as
Rabbis, Hares, and Partridges, are equally his
Care. AH thefe Créatures fpoil the Fields but
they ferve for the Count's Amufeinent, while the
poor P<afant is oblig*d to pay his Tax, and dares
not fpeak a Word.
Munich. 363
LET.
From Hanau to Munich 1 never made a ftop >but after having travell'd thro' fFurtzbourg, Nu-
rembourg,and Augfiourg arrived here laft night,and propofe to fet out again to-morrow, and aftertwo or three days ftay at Saltzieurg 1hall procecdby the way of ïtrof to Venue, where I beg youwould not fait to let me hear from you.
1 am juft come from attending the Obfcquies of
Iberej+Cmugunda Sokitjki Eleftorefi of Bowta,Mother to the FJeétor. This Princefs died latelyatVenue, to whichCity fhe rctir'd eighteen Months
ago, and her Corpfe is forthwith expeâed to be in-terr'd in the Tomb of the Eleâorai Family. Shebas left, as 'tis faid, near fix millions of Florins,which, fincefhehasmadenoWill, aretobeequallylhar'd between the four Princes her Sons. She hasmoreover left a Daughter who is a Nun in a Con-vent of this City. In 1719» when me took the
Habit, I was prefent She chofe this retir'd Life
againft the Will of her Father the Elcdor, whodid ail hecouldtodifluade her from it; andfheliv'din great Réputation for her Piety. But to return tothe Obfequies of the Ele&orefi: The Elednr andËleâorefs affiftedat them, together with the Elec-tor of Cologne the Duke Ferdinand* the Bifhop of
FreiJSngen, the Duchefs Ferdinand, and the twoPrinces her Sons. Thefe Princes had Cowls upontheir Heads, and great Cloaks, which is not one ofthe moft becoming Drefles. The Family ofBava-ria obfervesa very fingular Cuftom, which is, ne-
ver to give a black Livery, nor to Unetheir Coaches.
1 think this reafonableenough, for it does not look
very well in a pompous Funcral.
la», &c.
364. Wasserbourg. SaltzbourgJ
L E T T E R XIII.
S I R, tmbximrg,Âfril z, 1730.jk T my Departure from Munich I went and
Z\ din*d at Everfberjr, a Village belonging to
the Révérend Fathers thé Jefâts, who
hâve a Houfe thcre which is a large one, and that's
ail *risgood for. I wcnt andlayat Wasser bourg a
Town of Baroaria built upon a Rock, fc encom-
mfs'd with the Hiver Im that 'tis a pcîfcft Penin-
fula. Mountains and Rocks hang over this Town
as if they woud cruih it, and indeed the Place is
nor worth much Defcription. It was fettlcd as a
D iwry on the Eleôorcfi; Tberefa-Ctuigunda Sobi-
^Jki who died laft Month, but this Princefswould
n ;ver live in it, nor indced do 1 know any other
P.incs that wouM.
Aftcr havingpafs'd the Jim over a very flender
woodenBridge 1climb'd a high Mountain, got down
aiother, afcended a third, and fo 1 traveU'd all the
way up Hill and down Hill till 1 camewithin two
Jjc&gviesofSaltzbourg wherctheCountry becomes
more paffible.The City of Saltzbourc as well as the whoie
Archbiflioprick takes itsName from the River Saltz
which paflèsthro'theCity andCountry. Itrifesinîî-
j-p/ andlofeskfelfinthe/a». The Mountains that areabout
» ThisFi^erriUsin Tirtlalitde aborchAnu, becomes
navigableat SmIU,aadlofesitfdfin ÙkDanubencarPajfau.
1Saltzbourg. 365
Orna-
t the Town make it not near fo broad as 'tistho' take it aUtogethcr'tis not a large Town.
is very well fortify'd, and has a CafUe which
ding on an Eminence formsas it were a Citadel.Tis furnilh'd with a good Arfenal, and all mannerofAmmunirion, and I hâve been affur'd that of
Gunpowderalone there are no lefs than 20000
Qjintals. Some Years ago when 1 washere, Light-ning fell fo near this Magazine that it wanted butfaalfa Foot of penetrating to thc Powder, whichif it had touch'd I fancy I lhou'd never have wrote
m you more. There is alwaysa Guard of fiftyM^n at the Caftle, and the Gmfon of the Townconfiftsof 600Men who are lodg'd in the Gifèrns.
The City of SaltzbourgcontainsfinerEdificesthan
many great Towns It basa magnificentCathedra!which wascor'ecrated the 24A oïSeptember 1628,
by an Arciibifli p who was of the Family of theCounts de LoJrsn. 'Tis a vaft Structure of Free
ftone, andhas a ftatelyFront whichmay ht -eckon'dthe compleateft in Germany. The '.> ui Architeft
by whom it was directed has very much copy'dthe Front of St. dgnefs Church in the Square ofNavonaat Rome. It hasfour Marble Statues biggerthan the Life, which reprefent St. Peter, St. Paul*St. Rupert, and St. Firgilius, of whom the twolatter were the firft Archbithops of this See. Thewhole Church is adorn'd in the infidewith Pilaftresof the Corinthien Order. *Tis built in the Formof a Crofswith a very high Dome which feparateathe Nave from the Choir. The high Altar whichis at thé bottom of the Choir is.of Marble, as arethe two ChapeJsthat form the Crofs: The Pave-ment of theChurch is of great Squaresof Marble ofvarious Colours. 'Tis pity there was not more
Inlet for Light, tht Domebeing the onlylightfomePart of it. But as the Church is magnificent the
366 Saltzbourg.
Ornaments of the high Altar are more fo. Uponthe Grand Feftivals it bears a Sun of Gold adorn'dwith preciousStonesto the Valueof 1 00000Crowns;a great Crofs of maflyGold, and four golden Can-dlcfticks. The Front of the Abat-, and the Taber-nacleare of maffySilver of excellentWorkmanfhip.
St. Ruptrt fumam'd the Apoftle of Bavaria msthe firft Bilhop of Saltzbourg in 582. Léo IH.whom the Church honour'd as ASaint, ereéted this
Biflioprick into an Archbiftioprick in favour of St.
Amouldy in the Year 798. He had for SuffragânstheBifhopbofFr^wff», Ratijbm, Paffau, Briken>Gurck, CbiemfeetSeggau, and Lavant.
The Archbifliop has a Right of Nomination totlie four laft Bilhopricks only the Nomination to the
Bifhoprickof Gurck isalternative between this Pre*late and the Emperor, as Archduke of Aufîria.The four Bifliops bear the Title of Princes of the
Empire, and enJoyall the Prérogatives annexed tothat high Dignity. Notwithftanding this, the
Archbifhop never gives them the Préférence, andwhenhe talks to them, only compliments themwiththe Title of Euer Frcuntfcbaft, i. e. Tour Friend/bip.Service is perform'd in thisMetropolis according tothe Ufage obferv'd in St. Peter's Church at Rome.The Chapter iscompos'd of the Archbifliop, aPrcvoft, a Dean, and twenty four Canons, ail Men of
Quality, who are only oblig*dto four Months Re-
fidence, and the reft of die Time they may gowhere they pleafe. Both the Provoft and Deaiihâve the Crofier and Mitre*. The Archbilhop, aswell as the Eleftor of Colcgn, has the Privilège of
dreffing in die Habit of a Cardinal. This Prelatehas the Direâorfhip of the Collègeof Princesat the
Dyet of the Empire alternatively with the Arch-duke of Juâria. He is moreover Ltgatus natus
&
The Provoftand Dean oSTaJfwtenjoythe lamePré-rogative.
Saltzbourg. 367
This
&?perpétuasof the Holy Sec, and Primate of Ger-
tnany. His Titles are thefe, Leopcld, by the
Grâce of God, Archbilhop of Saltzbourg, and
Princeofthe Empire, perpétuai Legareof theHoly
ApoftolicSee of Romt, Primate of Germany>de-
fcendedof the illuftrious Family of the Barons of
Firmian*The Archbifhop at his coming to the See muft
pay 1 00000Crowns to Romefor the Pall, but the
Country generally raifes it for him, befides makinga free Gift of the like Sum to its new Prince. TheRevenues of this Prelate are about 1500000 Florinsa Year. The very Salt which is carried into Bra-
varia and Swabia brings him in 30000 Crowns.He is abfolute Mafter of all his Kevenues, and ac-
countable to no body for what he lays out. The
prefent Archbifhop isof 7W, of adiftinguùVd Fa-
mily, but not favour'd much by Fortune. He wasbom the 26th of May1679, and fucceededFrancis-
Anthonythe Count de Harracb. His Advancementwas owing to the Divifion of the Chapter, who allwanted to beeither Bifhopsthemfelves, or elfeto ad-vance fome one Friend or Coufin. After a greatmany Debatesand Meflàgesfent forwardsand back-
wards, their Choice fell upon the Baron deFtrmianwho was at that time very infirm, which was the
only Thing that procur'd him the Mitre for theParties that divided the Chapter united in his fa-
vour, becaufe they thought him a Man not verylong-liv'd but they believd however he mightlive long enough to give each Party time to form itsCabals for advancing that Perfon to the Bifhoprkkwho they thought would hcft ferve their Purpofe.But all thofe Gentlemen .vere mightily miftaken asto the Archbifhop's Life. For this Prelate, likeanother Pope Sixtus V. loft all his Infirmities whenhe found the Mitre, and is very like to out-live
many of his Elcctors.
368 SALTZBOURG.
Itately
3
This Prince is tall, has an auftere haughty Air,feldom makcs any Compliments, and talks much
lefs, except when he is hunting, which is ail thePleafiire ofhis Life. He is almoft alwaysalone, and
fcncrally eats by himfelf. In the Summer-time he
keeps altogether in the Country where he isof verydifficultAccefs,andkeepsno Retinue, nor Company.He isaccus'd of beingtoo thrifty, and 1don't knowbut there maybe fomething in it but perhaps hewould not appear to be quite fo faving if he hadfucceededany body elfe in the Biifhoprickbut théCount de Harracb) the moft gencrous, noble, andmoft magnificent Prelate of his Time. The Arch-
bifhop is naturally a Valetudinarian and under
God, he is obligld for the Prefervation of his Lifeto his Phyfician Gerfner, a Native of Vienna, aMan ofgreatSkill in his Profeffioneand offtrift Ho*nour and Integrity, who hasgot fo much the lengthof the Prelate'sFoot that he isalmoft the onlyPerfonthat dares to fpeak to him with Freedom. TheCount i*Âr:o Son to the Archbilhop's Sifter is thisPrelate's only Darling; for to the furprize of thewhole Court, and Chapter, he prefers him before
a Nephew of his own Name, a Canon oiSaltzbourgand of Trent, a young Clergyman of great Hopes.
The Archbifhop of theLodronFamily whocaus'd
the Metropolis to be built, likewife founded the
Archiepifcopal Palace, the Fortifications, and the
Stables, whtch were all finifli'd in the thirty two
Years that he was Archbifhop. The Apartmentsof the Palace being not laid out altogether in the
modern Tafte, the deceafed Archbifhop AnthonyCount de Harrach, made. a thorough Change in
them, and leff little more than the Outfide ftanding.The Palace at Saltzbotirgis now more magnificentthan many royal Houfes. It contains 173 Rooms
ail richly furnifh'd, without reckoning the Hallsand Galleries. The Archbiihop's Apartment is
Saltzbourg. 369
Vol. I. B b ably,
ftately It has a greatMarble Stair-»cafedivided intothree Flights, which leads into a fpaciousGuard-
Chamber, from whence one enters into the Arch-
bifhop's Apartment confifting of feveral-Rooms,where able Italian Mafters hâve adorn'd the Ciel-
ings with very good Draughts. One is really fur-
prized to fee the Richnefsof the Furniture, and theinfinite Variety cf other things that are diftributed
up and down this vaft Apartment fuchasMarbleTables adorn'd with gilt Mouldings old Porcel-lain of the moft beautiful fort Luftres of maffySilver, and Rock-Cryftal of uncommon Work-
manfhip Chandeliers alfo of Silver or Cryftalupon large gilded Stands, and a multitude of other
things very well worth obfervation.How magnificent foeverthis Apartment is, theres
another madeufe of upon Days of Ceremonywhich
infinitely furpaifes it. 1 will onlymention the prin-cipal Roomsof it. We firft enter into a great Salonadorn'd with the Piclures of no lefs than fourfcore
Archbifhops of Saltzbeurg. Next to it theres ano-ther Salon ingeniouQyand magnificenclydecorated,which difcovers Grandeur in every part of it. 'Tisfurnifh'd with a Suit of Hangings of Crimi'on-Da-mafk with Gold Lace, forming a rich Architecturein Pilafters of the Compofite Order, the Frize of
which is adorn'd with a pair of Brackets, which isa vaft Addition to the whole Decoration. Therich Gilding fhines every where with profufion.At one end of the Room there ftands in the Walla fumptuous Beaufetof Silver gilt, and at the cthcrtherc's a rich Canopy under which the Archbilhopfits whenhe dînes in Szate. There's a itately Luftre
in the middle of the Room which confiftsof mag-nificent pieces of Rock Cryftal. At the end of
this grand Apartment there are two Galleries that
defetve the attention of the Curious in Painting,who will certainly pafs their time here very agree-
370 Saltzbourg.
is
ably, and find a great many choicePifturesdone bythe beft Maiters. The Chimney-piece of the firftof thefe Galleries is a great Ornament to it, beingof the fineft Marble adorn'd with Brafs gilt withWater-Gold. Over it there's a Statue of Brafsas
big as the Life reprefenting Antinous. The fecond
Gallery is as magnificent as the firft. The Floor,
Cieling, Door-Cafes, and all the Ornaments in ge-neral are of fineMarble. The Walls are painted inFrefco, and exhibit Geographical Charts of the
principal Dominions in Europe in divers Piétures,which are executed with verygreat Art and Exaét-nefs both as to the Painting and Difpofition of the
Things that are the Subjects of it.A third Apartment which is over the Archbi-
fhop's is for lodging foreign Princes, and is not in-
feriour to the others in Grandeur andMagnificence.It confifts of feveral Rooms all in a row. In one
Room there are all the Piftures of the Emperorsfrom Cbarlemainto Cbarles VI. The Rooms that
followit are hungwith very rich Tapeftry, particu-larly one Set reprefenting the Warbetween Pompeyand Cœfar* which is fo wonderfully well drawn
that the Marlha! deDaun Governour of Milan of-
fer'd 40000 Florins for it to the late Archbilhop.1 lhall fay nothing of theother Apartments, havingtreated fo muchof the Archiepifcopal Palace tho*
if it had belong'd to a Temporal Prince 1 fhould
have faid much lefs of it, but I thought fit to give
you an Idea of the Wealth of a Prelate.
Adjoining to the Palace there isa great Buildingwhich ferves for lodging the Archbifhops Do-
meftics. The Stables are fit for a King, and if a
Frenchmanwas to feethem hewouldbeforc'd to own
that as to the Infide they are more magnificent than
the fomuchboafted Stables of Verfailles. Theyhold 150 Horfes in two Rows, with a broad Walk
in the middle and the Roof which is pretty high
Saltzbourg. 371
U b 2 toun-
ïs fupported by two Ranges o.fStone-Pillars. Nextto thefeStables isa Riding-Houfe cover'd, the Ceil-
ing of which being painted in Frefco, reprefents a
Tournament and all round it there is a Gallery.'Tis pity that this magnificentRiding-Houfe isnotbroader. There's another Riding-Houfe uncoveredwhich has not its Fellow in the World. 'Tis a verygreat fquare Place, three Sides of which are lin'd
by very high Rocks, in which three Rows of Seatsare very artfully eut out for the Spedtators, whenthere is any Caroufal, or Combat of wild Beafts.The wholeWork is really magnificent, and the oldRomanswould not have been afhamed to own it.
Trinity-CollegeChurch isextremely well adorned.The Floor is of Marbfe, and the Roof painted witha great deal of Art, reprefenting the Affumption ofthe Virgin, and the Crown placingon her Head byGod the Father and by Jefus Chrift. The High-Altar isof a very fingular Form, but very magnifi-cent. Two Angels of Brafs, exceedinghuman Sta-
ture, in a Pofture of Humilityand Adoration, fup-port a Heart of Brafswhich ferves for aTabernacle.Over it is a Globe, betweenGod theFather and the
Redeemer. God the Father feems to reft his righthand upon the Globe, and prefents the left to our
Lord, who puts his left upon theGlobe, and in the
right holds a Crofs. They are fupported by very
large Rayswhich fhinewith very richGilding. This
itately Groupe is filrmounted with a Glory, in the
midft of which the Holy Ghoft appears in form of
a Dove, extending its Rays over God the Fatherand God the Son. The whole is of Brafsgilt with
Gold, of a very curious Fancy.Near this magnificent Church is the Palace of
Mirabel, where the late Archbifhop the Count de
Harrach, ufed to fpend the Summer. This Prince
who is truly magnificent in every thing, caus'd this
Houfe to be built at a great Expence from the very
372 Saltzbourg.
A
Foundation; but the Architect whom he employ'dhas not anfwer'd his Intention, and it appears thathe did not underftanJ the properDiftribution of the
Apartmcnts. Every Part of it indeed taken dif-
tinclly, is beautiful, but there is not one in its pro-per Place. The grand Stair-Cafe is very fine, aswell for its Contrivance as for its rich Ornaments,but Visplaced in a Corner, and without a Guide'tisno eafy matter to find it. The Salon, which is the
Mafter-piece of the Archbifhop's Apartments, isworth the Obfervation of the Curious, with refpeftto the grand Manner in which'tis painted Marble,Brafs, and Gilding, feem tohave been beftowed onit with profufion. As to the Pilafters, the Ccrin-thian Order is entirely obferved and there are Baf-fo-Relievos imitating Brafswhich are well defign'd,and rnake a very good appearance. 'Tis pity thisfine Salonwants proportion, it beingmuchtoo loftyfor its Size and'tis ftill more to be lamented that ithas not a Profpeét over the Gardens, the River ofSaltz, and the adjacent Country, whichare the Ob-
jeéts that are difcover'd from the Apartments nextto the Salon.
The Chapel of Mraielis alfo very magnificentand though but of a middling Size, is not inferior
to the fineft Churches. This Palace is accompaniedwith Gardens finely adorned with Fountains and
Statues; and there are feveralOrange-Treesplantedin the Ground, whichare cover'd up in the Winter
in a woodenBox.
Thus, Sir, have 1 given you a very particularAccount of the City of Saltzbourg: What remains
for me is to fpeak of the Archbi1hop's Houihold,which will give you an Idea of his Wealth and
Grandeur. This Prince has
A Steward,A GreatChamberlain.
A Grand Marihal,A Mafterof the Horfe,
Saltzbourg. 373
B b 3 no
A Great Huntfman,
ACaptainof the Guards,A Mafter-Cook,A Pay-Mafter,Twenty four Chamber-
lains,SixteenGerMemen-Ser-
vants called Trucbjfes,Sixteen Pages,
How many Coachmen and Grooms he has 1know not, but there muft be a great number of
'em, the Archbifhop having 750 Horfes.Befides the Officers that I have now mentioned,
there are alfo the Great Hereditary Officersof the
Archbifhoprick, who are four.The eldeft of the Lodron Family is Hereditary
Grand-Marfhal.The Count de Kuenbourgis Great-Cup-Bearer.The Office of Mafter of the Pantry is vacant by
the death of the Count de Thanhaufen^the laft ofhis Family.
The Count de Terring is Great Chamberlain.Ail thefe Offices are executed by the eldeft Sons
of the Families above-mennoned.The Archbifhop confersthe Orderof St. Hubert,
which was inftituted the 25th of November, 1702,by the Archbifhop Jobn-Erneft, who has theretoannexed fix Commanderies, or Prebends, of a con-
fiderable Revenue.The Archbifnops are obliged for moft of their
Wealth to the Princes of Bavaria*. Mean time
the Members of the Chapter of Saltzbourgadmit of
• TheRevenueof thisArchbiftioprickamountsto 6co,oooFlorins. The Archbifhophas 60,000Florinsa-yearfor his
privateExpences,and 24,000Crownsforofficiatingat threefolemnServices,withoutreckoningtheDsanery,whichisworth24.1OOOFlorinsto him.
Fifteen Ufhers of the
Cabinet,Eleven Ufhers of the
Chamber,
Forty two Valets de
Chambre,
Twenty-eight Footmen,
Eighteen Cooks.
374- Saltzbourg.
St.
no Princes, that they may have a Plea for refufingthe Princes of Bavaria, of whofe Power they are
jealous i in which 1think they lhew more regard tothe Rules of Policy than thofe of Gratitude.
The City of Saltzbourgisworth feeing, but doesnot afford Amufement. Every one lives here forhis own fake, and except fome Gentlemen of the
Chapter, and the Mafter of the Horfe, who is theCount de TrucbjfesZeil, there's nobody to viiît.The latter is a Nobleman whofe Manners andSentiments are intirely conformable to his Birth. 1know nobody that is more polite and 1 have a.
bundant reafon to praife his Civility to me. He
is of a Family, one Branch of which is fettled in
pruffia, where it has for a long time held diftin-
guiihed Employments, and produced Subjeéb of
great Merit who have donc the State good Ser-
vice.1 forgot to mention two things te you that are
worth feeing, viz. the Capuchins Convenr, from
whence there's a Profpeéfcof a vaft Trad: of Coun-
try and St. Sebaftian'sChurch-yard, in which isinterr*d the celebrated Panacelfus his Tomb liesin a Place very much negleded, behind a Door,where a Latin Epitaph fays, There refts Philip-
TbeopbraftusParacelfus, the famous Phyfician,who with wonderfulArt cured the Leprofy, Goût,
Dropfy, and other incurable Diftempers andwho after having given ail his Eftate tothe Poor,1died September24, 1541.*
Paracelfuscured moft of his Patients by Sympa-thy, which made the Vulgar, who are always aptto run into extremes, believe that he was a Ma-
gician. He wrote feveral Books, whereof one ofthe moft curious is his Treatife of SecretPbilofopby,which really containsfuch Paffages as would makeone believe that if Paracelfus was not a Conjurerhimfelf, he was at leaft one of the SecT.
Saltzbourg. 375
a b 4 an^
St. Sebaftian'sChurch-yard is a fquare Place, en-
compaffed with aGallery fupported by Arches 'tis
i ig Paces in length, and 96 in breadth.The Neighbourhood of Saltzbourg is not difii-
greeable and though the Valley in which the Citylies is pretty much inclofed with Mountains, yetit prefents feveral Objeéts that are pleafing to the
Sight.The Archbifhop has two Pleafure-Houfes, viz.
Cleifbeimand Heilbron, which are both of them
beautiful and magnificent. Heilbronefpecially isworth feeing on account of its fine Waters andCafcades.
1 hope to write to you fpeedily from Fenice, and
perhaps you will hear from me when I come to In-
~t'Mf but this will depend onthe Stay 1fhall make
there, and on the Departure of the Poft.L E T.
POSTSCRIPT.
Since the year 1730, that this Letter was wrote, great Re-
volutions hâvehappened
in the Archbilhoprick of Saltzbourg,with regard to Religion for about 22,000 Perfons have aban-
doned this Country, together with their Eftates and their Fcr-
tunes, and dedared themfelves of the Lutberan Communion
which is very frange, and almoit inconceivable! For in fhort,
thofe People never knew any Clergy but their own Prieils, theylived in a Country where there was no Controverfy about Re-
ligion, becaufe ail the Inhabirants were reckon'd ltaunch Catho-
lics, by confequencc thofe People could not be inilnifled and
even the greateft part of them cculd not read, but were bred upin fuch grofs Ignorance that they fcarce knew the Principles of
Chriftianit}-. Therefbf how could thefe poor People know that
they were in an Error ?
1 am not ignorant that at the beginning of the pretended Re-
formation. there were Saltxiurgben that foilowed the Doctrines
of Luther, fuch as Staufx'tx, Abbot of St. Peter1* at Saltx&mtrgPal Sptratas, a Preacher in the Cathedral of this City and
feveral others. But Lutberamfm was thought to be quite fuppref^fed in this Province when it leem'd ail on a fudden to take deep-er Root than ever tho', as 1 faid before, I can't conceive how
it fhculd happen. Il it poffible that the Archbifhop, the Cnrates
376 SALTZBOURG.and Prieftsfliouldtake fo litde care of what ought to hâve beenmoit dear to them, I mean the Salvationof Souls,as that fo ma-ny Thoufandsof People ihould pafswith them for good Romans,at the fame time that they abhorred Rmtznà its Precepts Forin fhort, 1 fuppofe, and believe too, that there hâve ever beenProteitann in this Country, fince the pretended Reformation;}it being rot in the powerofMantodeftroya Religion whenonceit has had Followers in a Country but the Difficultyis, howthofe Seûaries Ihouldfublift :here, without the Knowledge ofan ecclefiaiticalSovereign and how r waspoffibleforthem. not
onty to fubfift, but even to multiply, and the Prieilsand Arch.
bifhop not perceiveit. Ought not the Curâtes to know theSentimentsof their Parilhionersbv Confeffion? Ought they notto acquaintthe Archbithcp their Head of it ? and oug/,t not thisPrelkte and his Prielis m endeavour to reciaim thofe tnat go a-Aray, by the Example of a livelyFaich, and by charitable Ex-hortations, and from a Compaflion for their Error, dilig ntlyto oppofethe Propagationof it ? But ail this has beennegleltcdThe Priefts, and their Archbifliop, knew not therewasa Fire,'cill *twastoo late to put it ont and infiead of the Good.na-turc, Compaffion,and Charity, which like Water were necef-fary to extinguith it, ,hey pour'd in the Oilof Hatred and Vio-lence, and abandoned themfelvesto their furious Zral. The
haughty, rigid, and fevereArchbifliop, forgetting that he wasboth a Father nndan Archbilhop,and givingway to the Violenceof his Temper, has for ever loft thofe Soûlswhich he mighthave hoped to reclaim, by Inftraétions truly paftoral, and treat-
ing them as Childrenlcd atlray whereas this Prelate, by ufingthe contrary Method, bas caufeda greatmany Perfonsto declarethemfelvesProtellants, who would bave died in the Bofomofthe Charch, if the prcper Remédies had been employed, tobring them back te it.
But1 am oerfuadedthat amongthe Emigrants of Sahxbourg,there is a vail number whomade Religion only a Cloak to leavetheir Country, in hopesof bettering their Fortunes elfewhere,and who werefeducedby the enfnaringTemptation of throwingcfFthe Yoak of Submiffion. Be rhis as it will, thofe anfbrtunateSubjeÉb, like the Jtws, are fpread into divers Conntries, asGcrmany, Hei/anJ, and PruJJia, where the King, I muftcon-fefs, (as mucha Catholic as 1 am)bas receivedthem with a Cha-rity and Generofity perfeéHychriftian and royal his Majefiyhaving grudg'd neitherCare nor Expenceto convincethe Worldthat as Fronceis tbe Afylumof unfortunateKings, fo the Domi-nionsof Prufa are the Refugeof oppreflêdSubjecTs.
HALLE. 377
1
L ET TER XXIV.
S I R, Injpruc,Jprilq, 1730.
Travelled
hither ail the way from Saltzbourg,with the fame Horfes, which is what 1 willnever do again for travelling by Poft is always
beft and though 'tis more expenfive, yet on theother hand 'tis lefs fatiguing.
Three Leagues from Saltzbourgftands the littleTown of HALLE, which belongs to the Elector ofBavaria, and is a Place confiderable for its Salt-Pits. It lies in a fmall "^rilleycroflèd by three Ri-
vers, form'd by Torrents from the Mountains,which bring downa vaftquant ityoffloating Wood,that is ftopp'd at Halle by the Piles which either
crois or fhut upthe Rivers. They lay the Wood upin ftore for the Salt-Works, which confume a greatquantity of it.
9
After I had been all over the Salt-Works, Ivwentand din'd at Scbneilzenrietb, a forry Village,where, however, I far*dbetter than 1 have done at
many good Towns.When I had dined I purfued my Joumey, and
having travelled four Leagues, entred the Countryoî Tirol, the Paffage to which is very much ftrai-
tened, fo that there's fcarceroomfora Waggon, bytwo very high Rocks or Mountains, and two Fortsbetween them,one belongingto the Archbilhoprickof Saltzbourg,and the other to the County of 'Tirol.Each Sovereign keeps a Garrifon in his Fort, andOfEcers to receive the Duties.
378 Wahtringen. ELVAN.
fo
1 lay that Evening at Wahtrikgen, the firfl:
Village in the Dominions of Tirol, as one comesout of Germany. I here found a Parcel of Boysrunning about with lighted Touchwood in their
hands, to the Houfes, Woods, and Fields. Ha-
ving afk'd an old Man the meaning of it, he toldme that the Wood fo lighted was confecrated bythe Parfon of the Parilh, and had the virtue of fe-
curing all Places to which it was carried, againft
Lightning. This Confecration of the Wood is al-
ways perform'd the Saturdaybefore Eafiery when a
great Pile is ereâed before the Church, into whichthe Parfon throws Holy-water, and then fets fireto tt. When the whole is well kindled, every oneftrives to fnatch a Firebrand, with which they ruato their Houfes and Lands, but with fo little carethat I wonder they don't fet every place they cometo in a Flame.
From Halle to Wabtringen the Country is everybit uncultivated. The Inhabitants live upon Milk,PickledCabbage, and Water-gruel. They have noCorn but what cornesfromBavaria. Ail their Sub-ftance and Trade is in Cattle, and their Mountainsafford excellent Pafture.
Upon Eajter-day I heard Mafs at St. Joints, a
great Villagewhere there*sa very pretty Church. Iwas very much pleafed with thé Sermon that was
preached by the Parfon, and with the Regularitywith which the whole Divine Service was per-formed.
After Mafs I wentand dind at El van, to which
place 1 came through a Valley, which in the Sum-
mer time muft be very agreeable, but at the prefentSe?fon is all covered with Snow. 1 was not moreedified at Wàbtringen^ than J wu fcandalized at
Elvan, to xatch my Landlord, a de ver, merryBlade, engaged with one of his Maids in fomethingelfeinfteadoftelling their Beads. MyPrcfenccwas
RATENBERG. ScHWATZ. 379
at
fo farfrom fpoiling Sport that my Landlord invitedme very civilly to do ashe did, afluring me that hisHoufe was well furnifh'dwith Nymphs. In a verylittle time 1wasconvincedthat whathe faidwastrue,for being obliged by the Cold to ftay in the com-mon Room while one was aired for me, 1 faw halfa fcore Laffes corne in, who were all of them myLandlord's very humble Servants, and not in theleaft difpofed toimitate the eleventhoufandVirgins.
After Dinner, purfuing my way through Snowsand Rocks, I went and lay at Kundabl. Next day 1
got beyond the Snow, and crofled a very pleafantValley whichbrought meto Ratenberg, a Townon the Banks of the Inn, defended by a Caftle builton a Rock, and ftronger by its Situation than by its
Works. The Eleâor Maximilian-Emanud of Ba-•varia comingbefore this Caftle onthe13m of 1une,1703, obliged the Garrifon,which was compofedofthe Militia, to furrender at Difcretion. From this
Fort to InjprucI always kept along theRiver In»,which runsthrough afineValleybeweenhigh Moui>tains that are much fteeper on the right fide of theRiver than the left neverthelefs there are Houfeson them that are inhabited by the Miners. 1can't
imagine how it was poffiblefor the good People to
build in Places fo inconvenient for their Houfeslook as if they were ftuck on to the Rocks, and as
if nothing but a Goat or a Swallow could corneat them. The wholeValley is very populous, and
abounds with pretty Villages, Caftles, and fine
Country-Houfes.At the end of it ftands the Town of SCHWATZ,
which is very well built. The Parifh Church h an
ancient, fair, large Edifice and wholly coveredwith
Copper, as moft of the Churches in Tirol are withTin painted green, which has a very pretty look.The Houfes at Scbwatz are generally of Brick, fo
that'tis very rare to feeone of Timber. I obferv'd
380 HALLE. Inspruc.
Branch,
at the Inn where I din'd, and throughout the whole
Country of Tirol, that when People cameinto anyHoufe, they faid to the Mafter of it, Hail, Je/usCbrift to which he anfwered, May Chrifi beprai-fed, and the boly Virgin bis Motber. Then theMafter of the Houfeftepp'd forward, and took the
Vifitor by his hand. This method of faluting is
praftifed among ail the People throughout Tiroland the Salutation is fix'd up in Print at all theDoors,with an Advertifementtack'd toit, importing, that
Pope ClementXI. had granted an hundred Days of
Indulgence, and plenary Abfolution, in favour ofthofe who fhould pronounce the Salutation and the
Anfwer.After having din'd at Scbwatz, I continued to
ride along the Inn and three Leagues beyond that
I pafs'd the River, over a Bridge near Fultijhau,a fineConvent of the Servite-Fryars, and went to
HALLE, the fecondCity of Tirol. The reverendFa-
thers the Jefuits have a fine Houfe here, and a no-
ble Church, with a great Garden to it. The Mint
is alfo worth feeing, where they coin a great quan-
tity of Species from the Silver and Copper taken
out of the Mines of Tirol. The Water is broughtto it by wooden Pipes. They drive a great Trade
at Halle in Copper, Tin, and Salt, which is
produced there in abundance, the Vent of it being
promoted by means of the River Inn, which be-
comes navigable at Halle.
From this Town tu Infpruc'tis two Leagues, and
a ftrait even Road which deferves to be plantedon each fide with Trees. Inspruc, the Capital
City of Tirolt ftands in the middJe of a Valley, on
the Banksof the Inn, over which there's a wooden
Bridge that leads to the Suburbs. Infpruc was here-
tofore the Refidenceof the Archdukes, the Sove-
reigns of Tirol; but fince the auguft Houfe of Au-
flria has been reduced in Germanyto the Impérial
I N S P R U C. 381
Religion.
Branchfingly, this City hasbeen only fubjefttoGo-vernors, who however were always great Noble-
men. Charles Duke of Lorrain, who married the
Queen Dowager of Poland, Sifter to the EmperorLeopold,and who made himfelf famous by the Vic-tories which he gain'd over the Turks, held this im-
portant Office. That Prince dying at Infpruc^wasfucceededby Charles Prince Palatine of Newbourg,Brother to the Emprefs Eleonora, LeopolcPsthird
Wife, but he renounced the Government of Tirdton his Acceffion to the Electorate. He livd at /»-
fpruc, with great Pomp, and his Abfence is ftill
very much lamented there. Since he went away,the Government of Tïro/has remain'd vacant. Theyfay 'tis defigned for the ArchduchefsMary-Magda-len, thé Emperor's youngeft Sifter. This I knowis what the Burghers of Infpruc wifh for but
I don't think the Nobility do becaufe the Pre-fence of the Archduchefs would oblige the Peopleof Quality to be at very great Expence for theywould be under a neceffity of going to Court, aswell as of carrying it more civilly to theirVaflals.
The Countde Konickelis the Chief of the Regen-cy He has the Title of Landjhauptman, which ismuch the fame with Lieutenant-General of the Pro-
vince, wherein he has the abfolute Command, andall the Sovereign Courts dependon him. This No-bleman is a Tirolefe, and lodges in a fine Houle•whichhas been built by order of the Statesof Tircl,for the Refidence of their Landjhauptman. Heconduits himfelf with Dignity, and is civil to Fo-
reigners.'Twas at Infpruc that the Emperor Charles V.
received one of the greateft Shockshe had met within all his Life. For he was furprized therewithhisBrother Ferdinand, King of the Romans, by Mau-rice Elector of Saxtmy,who, though his Créature,made War upon him nevertjielefs, on account of
382 I NS P R UC.s'
Re-
Religion. The Emperor and his Brother were fonear being taken that they had but juft time tomake their Efcape to Villaco%a little Town uponthe Drave in Carinthia. This was a terrible Re-verfe of Fortune for a Prince, who, but a fewyearsbefore, had a Pope and a King of France too, hisPrifoners.
Maximilian-Emanutl Ele&or of Bavaria wasnot more fortunate at Infpruc than Charles V. for
though he made himfelf Mafter of it in June 1703,he was obliged to abandon it in July following,and to retire to Bavaria, after having tried in vain
to force Pages which were in a manner inacceffible
by Nature, and guarded not only by :he Peafantsbut by regular Troops. His Defign was to have
joined M. de Vendcfmein the County of Trente and
by that means to have opened a Communicationwith the Milanefe. The Eleftor, whilft he was re-
treating, ran the hazard feveral times of lofing his
Life; and hisTroops werefor themoftpart knock'do' th' head by Stones which the Peafants hurl'd atthem in the Défiles which they were obliged tu
pais.TheCity oîlnfpruc is abfolutely defencelefs, and
were it not for its Suburbs, would be one of theleaft Cities in all Gtr~xany but thofe Suburbs are
very large, and the Refidence of Perfons of the
greateft Diftinâion. The Houfesare very commo-
dious, well built of Brick, and for the moft partwith Piazzas, which is a great Conveniency to the
Foot-paffengtrs. There washeretofore great Store
of Sait here, but for fome years paft the Pits are
dry, which is a Lofs to Infprue of no lefs than
200,000 Florins a-year.
Though the City is fmall yet there are feveral
very fine things to be feen in it. Such is the an-
dent Palace of the Archdukcs, a vaft large Struc-
ture, but wichoutArchitecture, or any manner of
I N S P R U C. 383
of
Regularity. There are Pictures in it done by ikil-ful Hands, particularly in that call'd the Giant's-
Hall, where the Story of Dejanira is reprefentedwith very great Art and Perfection.
The Palace has very great Gardensbelonging to
it, but they are not well kept yet there are théRemains of noble Fountains and brazen Statues.
Among the latter isan Equeftrian Statue of an Archduke of Auftriay who is reprefented as large as the
Life, in Armour, with Breechesafter the Fafhionof the Ancients, a Ruff, and little Boots. The
Horfe feems to reft upon his Haunches, in an At-titude as if he was juft ready to leap off the Pede-ital.
The Prince Charlesof Newbourg, the prefent E-leétor Palatine, finding the old Caftlenot commo-dious enough, caufed one to be built of Woodwhich wasfomeyears ago burnt down to the groundby an accidental Fire.
The Parifh Church is of modern Building, witha great Dome raifed in the middle of the Crofs.The whole Architecture of this Edifice is of theCorinthian Order. The Front is expos'd to an ad-
vantagious Point of View on a Square, and is a-dorned with three Orders, one above another,which makes the Fabric to rife in the whole to a-bout 120 Foot height, exclufive of a great flightof Steps to it, after the manner of Italy. Ail theParts of this Structure are charged with Ornamentsof a clumfey Invention, and very ill executed fo
that the Confufion refulting from it is infinitely
fhocking to thofe that have a nice Tafte of Archi-
tecture. The Infide is moretolerable than the Out-
fide, and is even magnificent. The whole Lengthfrom the Entrance to the Foot of the High-Altar,is 4.32Feet. The Foundation of it was laid whileCharles de Newbourgwas Governor of îïre/, who
placMthé firft Stone of it. The whole Décoration
384 I N S P R U C.
Koot
5
of this Church confifts in Pilafters of red Marble;with a Vein of white, and the Chapiters are of Plai-ftcr. The Roof is painted in Frefco by Gofman-Daniel Ojfem,a Native of Municb, who has fuc-ceeded fo well as to give entire fatisfaclion tofuch as have a Tafte for, and Skill in things that
are curious. The High-Altar ftands under theArchat the end oppofite to the Nave of the Church. 'Tis
perfeétly magnificent, adorned with four great Pil-lars of the Compofite Order, of green Marble with
white Veins,whofeChapitersand Bafonsareof Mar-
ble of variousColours and they fupport a Canopy,which is form'd by four Curves fill'd with a Glory.
The Tabernacle and the Front of the Altar areof mafly Silver, charged with feveral Mouldings,and Foliages of Silver gilt and there are fewAltarsmore fplendidly decorated. There is a miraculous
Image of theholy Virgin, which the Archduke Le»
epola, the Sovereign of Tirol^brought hither from
Drefden. That Prince made a Vifit to the Eleétorof Saxony, who lhewing him his Treafure, defird
him to chufe any Piece that he lik'd beft Leopold
fingled out this Figure, becaufe he was told that in
the early daysof Lutheranifm, it hadbeen caft three
times in the Fire, and always taken out again with-
out any damage. The Archduke on his return to
his Dominions, made a Prefent of this Image to the
Parilh, and it has ever fince been held in great ve-
neration, and never fail*dof working great Mira-
cles. Three great Lampsof tiaffy Silver are con-
tinually burning before it and the other Chapelshave each a Lamp of folid Silver whofe Light is
always ihining. Ail this Plate was given to the
Church by the Elector Palatine.
The famous golden Roof is near the Parilh-
Church, and ferves to cover a Balconyof the Chan-
cery which fronts the Square. They fay that Fre-
deric of Aufiriay the Sovereignof Tirai, caufed this
V È k I G e; 38$
Vol. I. Ce four
fcôof to be made, to let his Subjefls fee that he wasnot fô bare of Money as they thought him, and
that he did not deferve the Nick-name they had
given him ofthé Pennyle/s Prince. There are ma-
hy however whô affirm that this Roof is not of
Gold; while others fay the contrary. As far as 1
can judge of it, 1 believe 'ris ofCopper only co^vered with very thin P'ates of Gold, and by confe-
quence of rib great Value. And fuppofing théwhole Roof was of folid Gold, I don't believethe Expence wâs very exttaordinaryi though to befure it was by rntick too great for fo rrican a pur-
pofe.The.Houfe or College of the rèvèrend Fathers
the Jefuits, is a very great Building in which noCoft has been fpared. les principal Front is 166Paces in length. Thefc Fathers are the t)ireûorsof the Univerfity. Near tô their Collège is théChurch of the Prancifcans, whofe Convent wasfounded by the pious Legacies of the EmperorMaximiliany who on his Death-bed ordered hisSucceflbr to caufethis Houfe and Church to be builtat Infpruc. His GrandfonFerdinand I. Son to Pbi-
iip the Fair, perform'd his Will, and in honour of
his Grandtather's Memory, raifed him a MarbleTomb whieh may be rank'd among the moft ftate-
ly MaUfoleumsin Europe. The Emperor Maximi-
lian is there reprefented on his Knees upon a Cu-
(hion, with his Hands lifted up to Heaven, and as
it were proftrate in Prayer He is adorned with the
Crowrii ând the Impérial Daimsth. This Figure is
of agigantic Size, and admirably well done in Brafs.'Tis plac'd on a great high Bafe of black Marblei
forming an oblong Squarej on an Afcent of three
Steps of tcd Marble. The whole Bafe is divi^fedinto twenty-four Compartiments, or fquare Tabfesof whiteMarble, reprefenting
the mémorable Ac*tions of Maximiliatt in excellent Bas-Rdiefs. The
386 I NS P AUÇ.
the
four cardinal Virtuss in a mournfulAttitude, are
reprefented in Brafs, as fitting on the Cornersofthe Maufoleum,and lookingon Maximilia/fsSta-tue. The entire Maufoleumftands by itfelf in themiddle of the Church and the followingInfcrip-tion is engraved in Letters of Gold all round theBafeof this Monument
IMPERATORI CŒSARI MAXIMILIA.NO, PIO, FELICI, AUGUSTO, PRINCIPITUM PACIS TUM BELLI ARTIBUS OM-NIUM ^TATIS SUM REGUM LONGECLARISSIMO-, SUB CUJUS FELICI IMPE.RIO INCL YTAGERMAN1 A, DULCISSIMAIPSIUS PATRlA, TAM ARMIS QUAM LI-TERARUM STUDIIS PLUS QUAM UN-
QUAM ANTEHAC FLORERE CAPUT-OTE SUPER ALIAS NAT IONES EXTOL-L RE CŒPIT: CUJUS INSIGNIA FACTATABELUS INFERIORIBUS, QUAMVISSUB COMPENDIO, EXPRESSA CONSPI-CIUNTUR. IMPERATOR CiESAR FER-DINANDUS, PIUS, FELIX, AUGUSTUS,AVO PATERNO PERQUAM COLENDO,AC BENE MERITO, PÏETATIS ATQUEGRATITUDINIS ERGO POSUIT. NATUSEST DIE XXVII MARTII ANNO DOMINIM. CCCC.LIX. WELS^ IN AUSTRIA DE-NATUS.
AUthis fine Meufoletmwasexecutedirith verygreat Careand S!:iJl,by AltxanderColin,z Nativeot Mecblin the Piâure of which ingeniousPain-iex; and -thatof hisWife, are kept in the Church,as an Acknowledginentdue ter that excellentAr-tift. This MaufoUitwwasmightilyenrichedby the
MagniÉcenceof FredericArchdukeof Auftrïayfur-namedthePe»»jlefsPrirtteywhQcaufedtobcplacedin
In s p ku c» 387
Ce 22 Attjlna%
thé Nave of the Church twenty eight Statues of
Brafsfeven Foot in height, reprefenting fo manvPrinces and princeflèsthat were relatedto the Houfe
of Aufiria. They are fet up in two Rows fromthe gréât Gate to the Altar, and therefore feparatethé Nave from the two Wings on the Sides. 'Tis
pity that thofe Statues are in the hands of Monkswh'oneglecT:them very much, and fufferthe Dufttofcat into. them. They would do much better in a
.Ifcoyïl Palace:Some of them are in great perfec-tion. fancy you will beglad ta know the Namesbf the Perlons they reprefent.
I. The firft. beginning on the right Side of the
Altar, is the Figure of Joanoî Cafitle, Mother toCharles V. and Ferdinand I. the Ffeads of the twoBranches of the Houfe of Aujiria the firft of
Yfhichbecame extinft by the D^ath of Charles II.
King o($pain, but the fecondftill flourifhesamongus. with Glory in the Perfon of the AuguftCharles VI.
Il. Ferdinand theCatholic, Father to Joan.III. Cunigonda Archduchefs, Daughter to ths
Emperor Frederic IV. and Wife to Albertof Bava-
ria, whodied a Nnn.IV. Margaret, Daughter to HenryDuke of Ca-
tintbia and Count of Tirai, furnamed the Piousybecaufe ihe founded and built feveral Convents.This Pnncefs was nick-named Margaret Wïde-Mottth: She wasmarry'd firft to John Margraveof
Moravia, Son to the Emperor Charles IV. whomihe fufviv'd, and marry'd to her fecondHufb.indLeaiîy Margrave of Brandenburg, Son to the Em-
peror Lewis of Bavaria, whom ihe alfo furviv'd,and findingherfelfa Widowafécondtime, andwlth-
out Iffue to enjoywhatihe had, fhe rnadea Prefcnt
tif theCoiantyoftirol whereof fhe was Sovereign,
to her Counns Rcdolfh, Albert • andLeepoid of
388 I NS P RCC.
XX.
Aufiria,whichGrantwasconfirm'dby theEmperorCbarlesIV. in 1364.
V. Mary of Burgundy,Wifc to the EmperorMaximilian1. thericheftHeirefsof her Time.
VI. EîizabetbytheDaughter oftheEmpcrwW-gifmoni, and Wife to the Emperor Alhert II. who
carry'd the Duchy of Luxembourgto the Houfe of
Juftria. ShewasMother to the unfortunateKingLadiflaus.
VII. Godfrcyoî BouillonDukeofLorrain^Kingofjerufalemy plac'd here amongthe Princesof theHoufeofAuftria, asbeingdefcendedfromthe fame
Family as they.VIII. vf/Arr/I. Emperor.IX. Frédéric, Archdukeof Juftria, he who was
nick-namedPrincePennylefs.X. Leopoldof Auftria, fumamed the Vtrtueus,
Sonof jfifcr*the W*XI. and XII. Opinionsare very much divided
about the Perfonswhoare reprefentedby thdê twoStatues but'M generalrythoughttheyare the Em-
perorsCbarîesV. and FerdinandI.XIII. TheEmperorFrédéricIV. Fatherto Max-
imilianI.XIV. AlbertH. Emperor, KingoîHungeryand
Bobtmiûyand Father to the unfortunateKing La-
diflaus.XV. CtavtSythe firft ChrittianKing of France,
who is plac'd amongthe Princes of the Houfe of
Aufiriûybecau(étheirGenealogiftsdérivethemfromthe ancientFranks whofubduedFrance.
XVI. Philip I. call'd the Fair, Kingof Spain.XVII. The Emperor RoàolpbI.XVIII. The Archduke Albert, call'd the Wife.XIX. fbeoderieKingof theG#rfc. am not a
Gtrealt^ift goodenoughto tell you in wha Reh-tion he iïxads to the Houfeof Aufiria.
Inspruc. 389
Ce 3 whofe
XX. Erneft, Archduke, Grandfather to Maxi-milian I.
XXI. TbeodebertCount ofProvenct fromwhotndefcendedthe Dukes of Burgundy and the Counts
ciHapflmrg.XXII. Arthur Prince of Wales, who marry'd
Catherine o( Arragon.XXIII. Sigifmond%Archduke and CountofTtrol,
who adopted the Emperor Maximilian I.XXIV. BlancheMary, the fecondWife of Maxi-
mlian L which Princds was the Daughter of JohnGaleas Duke of Milan.
XXV.Marraret, Daughter of Maximilian I.
who was marry d firft to John aPrince of SpaUi, and
foeondly to Philibert Duke of Savoy.XXVI. Cimburge,Wife of Erneft the Archduke,
and Moiher to the Emperor Frédéric IV.XXVII. Charles the Bold, Dake of Burgundy,
Father to Mary of Burgundywho wasWife to Max-imilian I.
XXVIII.Philip, Duke of Burgundy, Father toCharles the Bold.
Befidesthefe twenty eight Statuesthere aretwentythree othen plac'd uponthe Cornilh of the Porticowhich fcparatesthe Nave from the Choir: They areof Brafs two Foot high, and reprefent thofe Kingsand Princes whom the Charch honoursasSaints
1 am farther to acquaint you of the Chapel ofthis Church, call'd the
Silver Chapel,becaufcoftlic
Image of the Virgin there of folidSilver as bigai thé Life in the middle of the Altar, with a
great many Images of Saintsail of thclàme Meta'.The Afcent to this Chapel is by a winding Stair-dfe. Hère is to be feen the ftatjy Tomb of Fer-dinand Archduke of Auftria, Connt of Tirol, Sonto the Emperor Ferdisand I. This Maufolcum isunder an Arch which is pretty high. Ferdh"t"J,
390 Inspiuù
Thefè,
whofe Figure is of whiteMarble, feemsto beafleep,upon a Bed of black Marble rais*done Foot fromthe Ground. The wholeArch is Jin'd withMârbte"of various Colours, forming divers Compartmentsof very curious Workmanfnip, where you ftê théArms of the Provinces reduc'd to the Obédience ofthe Houfe of Aufiria: The different Colours arefliewn by precious Stones enchas*<lin Marble, zriéfô Guriouflydonc that the Work feems to bé eria-meKd. Round the farineArch are plac'dfiye tfcs-'Reliefs, reprefenting in as many Pifturcs the mé-morable Allions ofFerdinand. Five othef fias-Re-liefs containthe Images of that Prince's Patron*,viz. Jxsys Christ, St. Anthony>ofPadua, St. George,Sr. Thomas^and St. Leopold.
Near the faid Tomb ftands that ofPbilippina of
Welferin,whowasborn at Auçjburg,and the Wife oftheArchduke Ferdinand,bywhom ihehad twoSons,Charlesthe Margrave of Burgau, and Andrew Car-
dinal ofAujiria. This Maufoleumh of Free-ftonçandhasnothing remarkable more than the follpwing
Epitaph:.1
FERDINANDUSD. G. Archiocx, Dux Bu»-GVttDlMy C6m.ESTlROL, PHILIPPINiÉ
CONJUGICHARISSIMjEFIERI CVRAVIT.
Obiit 24. Aprilis, 1580.
The Francifcan who fhewM me this Chapel aAfur'd methat itwas oneof the Fir-i-rate Chapelsinthe World, on accountof fhelfldîîlgeneeswhichhadbeen annexé io it by the Bene&fcnceof thePopesthat it was upon a par with thé Cnapel of tlu: HolySepukbre at Jerufalem^ widi the Churches of «Sf.
jebn de Laterati, Si.Maryjiiajor, and St. GregorynxRome-yanddiat, in fine, a Maisfaid in this Cha-
pel for the Repolê of a Sôuldeparted, was enoughto deliver it ont of Puteatôry.^
I NS P RUC. 391
C c 4 are
Thefe, Sir, are the Remarks that 1 made in this
City, from whence I am making ready to fet outto-morrow. 1 expert to be well jolted all the wayto Vnice, where to make my felfamends 1will take
my Pleafure in a Gondola. I wifh with all myheart I had your Company there we fhould thenhave the Satisfactionof fecing a great many fine
Sights together. But for want of this Satisfaction14hall never ceafc to think of youj and pray don't
forget me, but believe me to be for ever, (âc.
L E T T E R XXV.
S J R, Vinici,Jfril 27. 1730.
Wrote
to you from Injpruc the very Daybefore I fet out from thence for this Place,to which I arriv*d without any Misfortune.
About three quarters of a League from Jnfpruc wecame amongvery tirefome and diiagrecable Moun-
tains, the higheft of which is caU*dthe Breauer, aName that thé Country Péople gave it when theyclear'd it of the Wood, and burnt it. This Moun-
tain is much more rugged on the fide of Trent than'tis towards Jnfpruc 'tis for nine Months togethercorer'd with Snow, and I found a great deal re-
maining on it ftill yet 'tis inhabited to the very
Top. Therc is a Poft-Hoùfe, a Tavern, and a
Chapel in wi)ichMafs is only laid when thé Snow*
392BRIXEN. BOLSANO.
Wineai
are melted It produces Corn and Hay in abun-<dance. Near the Poft-Houfë there is a confide-rable Spring whichat firft forms a large Bafin, andthen divides into two Torrents which quicklychange into Rivers, one whereof falls into the Ihhabove Infpruf, and the other, aftcr becoming navi-
gable two Leagues from Bclfane, lofes itfelf in the
Aâigt above frtnt. The Paflàge of ihe Brenntr is
very painful, and fometimesimpraticable when itfnows or rains fo that Travellers are often oblig*dto ftay feveral Days till the Retum of fair Weather,which is the more inconvenientbecaufethe Inns onboth Sides are of the worft fort.
Stertzhtgen a little Town four Pofi-Stages from
Injpmu, bas nothing remarkable however I waswell accommodated there. Next Day 1 went an4din'd at Brixen an Epifcopal City in an agreeableValley, where 1 found the Seaion very forward.The Country between Brixen and Boljano is ex-
tremely popûlous, and fo manur*d thac the fteepeftMountains are cultivated.
Bolsano is a pretty Town well inhabited, anddrives a çonfiderable Trade, having no lefs thanfour Fairs a Year. Irs Situation is very agreeable,in the middle of a fine large Valley full of Villagesand Vineyards. The Air hère is much fofter thanin the reft of Tirai, and I found Trecs hère in fullVerdure while in the Country they were but juftbudded. The Vines are very carefuîlywatched by.Men wha keep Guard in îiots rais'<l upon three
Poïeç plac*dcfoisrwife, and high enough to com-mand the Vineyards. Miffonin hisVoyage to ltafyfey*, that thefe Huts or Querites were for Jodgingçhe Guards that are pofted to hinder.thé Beirs rronï
çating the Grape&. 1 know not who could tell him
îhat there were any Bears in this C0U1H17,and if
there are his hardly probable they would' venture
{tytp,a Valley fo populous as that of Bdfcmo. Thd
TRE N T. 393
Wines of this Valley are the beft in all 2W; but
they muft be drank, as muft all the Wines of this
Country, the very Year of their Growth, or elfe
they grow lufeioas, and then turn crabbed.The Valley of Bolfan»which «tends to Trait
is throughout equally agreeable and is not incum-ber'd by thofe herrid Mountains that we were
pefter'd with in the Road from Inffruc.Trbn t is celebratedfor theCouncilformerly held
there. 1went to fee the Church of St. Marymtjor,where the Fathers of that Council held their Af-
fembly. Jt has nothing remarkable befidesits Or-
gans which are of too enormousa Size for a Church,but are a very curiouspièce of Work for they not
only exhibit variousSounds,but imirateVocalMufic,the Notes of divers Birds, and the Noife of Ket-tlc-Drums and Trumpets. The Bifhop offrent isa Prince of tbe Empire. The See isnow vacant
bythe Death of the Count de JVolckeitftemthe laft Bi-
feop. The Chapter bas fix'd the Election fornext May. A great many Travellers highly extolthe BUhop's Palace, but for my own part, 1 wasnot fo fortunate as to obferve any thing in it that
was worthy of Attention.
Throughout all Tirolxhc Common People are
very ill-fàvourM] Moftof the"Womenaredifguis'd
by Wens in their Throat*, and as if that was
not enough they disfigurethemfelvesby their Drefs.The Country Women wearStockings whichhaveno
Feet, and are gathcr'd into many iittle Folds from
the Ancle to the Calf of the Leg Their Shoesare
exaôly like thofe the Men wair. Their Petti.
çoatsare exceedingfhort, and ty*dup almoft ashighas their Brealfswhich are very large. With ail this
they have a Pair of Stayswhich reaches down totheir
The PeopleabouttheAtfsareveryfubjeftto thofeSwell-
^ngsbydfiakugtaftmttccoi4onwholefomeW»ter.
394 T r e n t.
This
their Waift, and f endersthem compfcatlycfefbrmVfInftead of other Head-drefs they wear a green high-crown'd Hat, the Brims of which are Jet down,and is asunbecoming a part of their Dreft as any ofthe reft. At Brixen the Blood mends, the Womenare handfomer, the Men more genteeJ, and the
People m gênerai more civiliz'd tho' take 'em ail
together the Tirolefeare very honeft People. Theyare ftauncb zealous Catholics, tho' they fay thatfome of the Peafânts, are Lutterons. The HofyVirgin and St. Cbriftopberare the principal Objectaof the People's Devotion: The latter is painted oitall their Houfes, and the Roads are full of little
Chapels of the Pirgin who is reprefented in all man-ner of ways. 1 have feen her painted in a Chapelftanding with a great Veil over her Head which lheextended with her Arms to cover the Pope, the
Emperor, fevenKings, and as many Eleétors, whofeem to be proftrate. at her Knees.
As 1 left q'r~ut 1 began to afcend a Mountainwhich doea not become ûnooth ttll we reach to
Berfibenwhich isa Poft-Stage and a half from Trent,This Mountain isexceeding fteep, troublefome, and
tirefome, and after 'tis pafsd, one is in a mannerburied among Rocks and horrid Mountains whichfeem as if they would fall on the Heads of the Tra-
vallers and I have been aflur*dthat this fometimes
happens in rainy Weather, when fo many Piècescrumbk off of the Rock that it requires 4 or 500Carts to clear the Roads. In ihort, all the Waytill one cbmeswithin a League ofBojfagnoa City inthe State of Veniceis full of Rocks and Precipicesbut from that Town tô Me/ire which is four Poft-
Staçes from it, theCountry isthe fineft in the World iand in fhort, every thing isgood and pleafant excepttheir Wine and their publick Houfes. The Winehas natumlly a mufty Tafte, and no Body, and the
Colour is like that of the thick Wine of Bourbeux.
MESTRE.VENICE.
~(~~
This Country fo abounds in Quails that the Poft-Maffer of Bcffagnoaflur'd me he had taken 720 ina Moriïing, that he drove a great Trade with'em,and fent fome of'em to the State of Venice,and to
Lombard?. Whether he faid true, 1 know not,but he fnew*dme 1 100live Quails which he keptin Wicker-Cages in a great Barn wherehe hàd hungall the Cages to Packthread to keep them fromRats and Cats.
At Mïstre oneembarks for Venicewhichisaboutfeven Leagues from it; I made thé Voyage in aGondola in lefsthan an Hour and half. As I tra-veH'd poft to Meftrt, my Gondoliers, when I cameto Venue, carryM me to the Poft-Office, where twasoblig'd to tell my Name, and the Bufinefsforwhich 1 came to Venice but this isa
Ceremony towhich they who don*t travel poft are not fubject.I went and took up my Lodging at the Wbite Lion,ftighly rejoic'd that I could reft my felf there after
my Fatigue, and that 1 had loft fight of the Alps,ihofe horrid Mountains which no body would chufeto live amongft but a Swifsor a Tirolefe, who, asCardinal Bentivogliojuftly obferves in his Voyageto Swijferland, are a People made for the Alps%andthe Alpsfor them.
As 1 have been twice before at Venice, I ferve asa Cicéroneto two BobemianCounts whom 1 was
acquainted with at Prague, and whom I happen'dto meet with at my Quarters. As *tiscuftomaryto do to all Foreigners, 1 began with fhewing themthe Square of St. Mark, the chief Squareof Yenice,yif not of the whole World. 'Tis adorn'd by thePalace of the Doge, the Church of St. Mark, andthe Procuraties, or Houfes of the Procurators,and has been pav*ydwithin thefe few Years with
great
Thisû theNamewhichtheygiveinItafyto thofewhodotheOjEccofGuidesto fliewForeignerstheCuxioficiesofanytbwn.
396 Ve n i c e.
bruig-
grcat Squaresof Free-ftone. We afcendedthe fa-mous Tower of St. Mark which is four-fquareBuilding, by a Stair without Stepe. It wu builttt
by the DogeDomingoMorofini,toferveasa Watch-Tower to Ships at Sea; and that it mightbe fixaa great wayoff hecaus'd the Angelon the topof itto be çilti but Time the Deftroyer of al] Thingsbas fbnpp'd off the Gold. From this Tower onefees the whole City of Vtnice the neighbouringItlands, and the Terra Ftrma, which ail togethermakes a nobleProfpeû.
Weafterwardsentend StJWkrJPsChurch, whichis an Edificeof GrecianArchitcdure, pretty darkand not veryhigh, but afterall, fullof Curiofides
worthythe Attentionof aTraveller.As thisChurchhasbeendefcrib'dwith more Exadneis than 1 can
prétendto, I flull treat veiyfuccînâly of thechief
Things which it contaîns. The grand Portico isfolov? thatonemufteven go down fome Steps toentexintothe Church,ThereisaPlatformoveritonwhichare phc*dfour brazenHorfes brought from
Cmftatitinlplc,to whichtheywerefirftcarry'dfromRomeby Confiantinewhendut Princetransferr*dtheSeat of the Empire from the oneCity to the other.
Nothing is fo magnificent and beautiful as thofeHorfes.Theywereheretoforeallovergilt, butPeopleoutof mèreAvaricefcrap'doff greatpartof the pre-ciousMetal, and ail the reftis almoftworn off byTime.
At the Entrance of the Church on the right.hand Sidethere is a CquareStonewhichfeem'd to
me to be of whiteMarble, and isfaid to bea pièceof the Rock whichMo/esftruck in the Wildernefi,
wîiereupondiere iffuedout Water. If this be reallytlut Stone, what that LegiÛatordid is fo much
the more to be admir'd, and may he reckon'd
doubly miraculous}firft in fetching Water tp aPîacewheretherewas none before, and then the
V e n t c e.397
bringing a quantity of it through four Holes no
biggcr than PeafefuCïcientto quench the Thirit of
fo numerous a Multitude. The Pavement of thisChurch is very grand, being of Mo/aie Work ex-
ceedingly diverfify'd with Stones of various Co-
lours, Marble and Porphyry: But the ftateliefl:
Thing in all the Church are the Ornaments of théAltar for the great Holidays, of which that of St.Mark thePatron of the Republic is the moft ftriûlykept. St. Mark' Treafure is then ail laid open,whichcontifts in the rich Spoils taken from the Em-
perors of Conftantinople. Every part ihines withfolid Gold, Pearls, and Diamonds; fo that the
Temple ofjerufalem excepted, I believethere's nota Houfe devoted to God that could ever boaft offo much Riches. AU this Treafure is kept in St.Mark*s Tower, and none of ît can be taken out butin prefence of one of the Procurators, who muftalfo be at the Altar when the Treafure is plac'd on
it, and dare not ftir from it till 'as put up fafe a-
gain.St. Marks Churchfervesas apublic Chapel to the
Doge, who always is or at leaft ought to be at-tended thither by the Pope's Nuncio and the Am-
baflkdors but M. de Gerfithe French Ambaflàdor,from I know not what Punclilio of Honour, avoids
being prefent at the fame Funâions with.the CountdeBolagnosthe Emperor's Ambaflàdor*, whom hecan't endure co fée go before him. When the
Doge goes to St. Mark*$ Church 'tis always with
great Ceremony: He walks between the Pope'sNuncio and the Emperor's Ambaflàdor, and theother Ambafladorswalk in thefame Rowaccordingtb the Rank of their Mafters. They are precededby fix Trumpets, and fix Bannersare born beforethe Doge together with a Chair or Stool of State,
there
• Thi»MinifterdiedatFana in 1731,andwasfacceededbyPrincePio.
*iqS Venic é.
The
3
there being no Back to it, and a Cufhion of Gold
Brocade. The Prince is drcfs*din a long Robe of
Gold Brocadealfo lin'd and fac*dwith Ermin. The
SenatorsfollowhiminRobesofred Damaflc, walk-
ing two and two. He is receiv'd at the Entrance
of the Church by the Clérgy of St. Mark who bringhim Holy Water and Incenfe, which the Ambaf-
ùdors receive after him. His Serenity and the
Ambafiadors fall on their Knees in the middle of
the Nave, and then repeat the Prayers of Dominé
falvum fac Principem nqjtrum. Aiterwards the
Doge goes and places himfelf at the End of thé
Choir on the right Hand as we goin, and fits in diefirft upper Row of the Canons with, the Pope'sNuncio on his Right and the Emperor's Àmbaflà-dor on the Right of the Nuncio, and fo on with
the reft. The Doge does not fit down*t31the Se-
nators are ail enter'd, who; as theypafsby his Se-
renity, make him a profound Obafance, to which
the Doge makesno manner of rcturn When everybody is featcd, the Doge accompany'd bylhe Am-baflâdors advances towards the Altar, the Nuncio
ftrikesup High Mais and fays the Overture, tpwhich the Doge anfwers. After this, the Dogeand the Ambaffadors return to their Places, and
the Prelate of St. Mark who is in waiting, continues
the Office.After the Mafs is over, the Doge returns to his
Palace attended by the famé Train that accompa-nicd him to Church. When he bas afcended the
grand Stair-cafeof his Palace he feats himfelf in an
Arm-Chair which is placM over-againft the Stair-
cafe. After he hasfate a few Moments, Jie difmiflês
the Ambaflàdors and the other Perfons of bis Re-
tinue, and retires to h» Apartment.Next to St. MarPs Church is the Doge's Palace,
a vaft Building, of which you will find a large Ac-
çpunt in Mijfec'zTravels.
VïNlCEè 399The prefent Doge is Aloijh Mtcenigo* Prince
as much to be refpèfted for his Merit as for his Dig-nity. He is a Gentleman of great Sagaciry, talks
well, is very polite, and bas infinitely more Gene-
j-ofky than is afcribed to thofeof his Country. Heis a handfome Man, and bas a noble Afpect that is
improv*dby his whiteLocks of Hair which renderhim venerable. Before he was advanc'd to be a
Doge, which was in 1722, he ferv'd the Republicwith diftin&ion in quality of Generaliflîmo. Thevain Honours which this new Dignity has procur'dhim have not puff d him up, and he feemsto thinkthem rather a Burden than a Pleafure. Before hecame to be Doge he was the meft fociable Noble-
man at Venice and he now fees more Companythan ever hisPredeccflbrs did. Hj mafles himièlfat publick Rgoicings, goes out every Night in acommon Gondola without Guard or Retinue, anddiverts himfelf ac hisBrother's. He bas fometimestoo been upon Terra Firma, not valuing it tho' heloft for a while all the Honours annexed to hisDig-nity as Doge for you know that this Charaâerdoes not go beyond the Lakes. He is oblig'd tobe prefent at aÛthe
public Cérémonies, tho' verymuch againft his Inclination and Temper, which isfar more uniform than tbat of the other Italians.
The Ceremony in which he fhines with the
greateft Luftrc, is that of marrying the.$ea, whichwithout difpute is one of the fineft Shewsin all theWorld. 'Tis perform'd on Afcatfi$n-Doy%whenthe Doge, the Ambaffadors, and the Senate rideout into the Adriatic on board a Veflèl call'd the
Bucentaur, attended hy the State-Gondojasof theAmbaffadors gildtd, with a vafl:number of otherGondolas and Galleaffeswhich furround the Bucm-
taur, the moft ftately Veflcl that was ever buik,and more magnificent than all that jHiftory (or
evçnHeù dead,andfucceededby DonQarhRuxzin'.
400 I NS P RUC.
Drefs
even Romance) tells us of the fumptuous Vefléï of
Ckàpatra. When the Doge goes on board the Bu-ccntaur he is faluted by the great Guns from the
Galleys, the Men of War, and the Merchant-Shipsin the Harbour and while he perforais the Cere-
mony of marrying the Sea by throwing in a Ringto denote the Sovereignty of the Republic over the
Gulph, there's nothing heard but ettle-Drums,
Trumpets, and Concerts of Mufle* With the loudAcclamations of the People.
His Setene Highnefi marnes two other Wiveswhom he maintains with as lkde Trouble as the Sea.
They are the Abbeffis of the Conventsof the Virginand St. Daniel. This Ceremony is perform'd uponSt. Pbilifs Day, when the Doge in a Gakafs ac-
cornpany'd by the Ambafiàdots and the Senate, re-
pairs with a great Train to thofe Convents whichare fituate on the Shore behind the ArfenaJ. ThePrehte who officiâtes for the Day rcceives himat the Entrance of the Church, brings him the
Holy Water, and conduas him to a Place preparedfor him in the Choir where he alMs at High Mafs.Then he tepairs to the Orate, in which there's a
large Opening where the Lady Abbcfi appears withher Nuns. The Abbefs addreffing herfclf to the
Doge intreats him to continue the Favour of hisProtection to herfelf and the Nuns to which the
Doge returns anfwer, that ihe and all die Convent
may dépend upon his Good^Will. Then he turnsabout and walks on foot to the Convent ofBt. Da-
niel, where his Reception and Traniàâion are thefame as at the Convent of the Virgin. Thefe twoConvents have very fingular Privilèges. The Ab-befièshave the Crofier-Staff,and both they and theirNuns dépend folely upon the Doge, and not at ail
upon the Pope or the Court of Roue either in Spi-rituals or Temporals. They hâve good Revenuesand live as much as can be at their Eafe. The
VË N I C E. 401
Vol. X. Dd the
Drefs or thefe Nuns is rather gay than modeft.Like the Nuns at Slrajbourg they wear their Hairin Trèfles Their Petticoats are fo fhort that youmay fee their Ancles and inftead of Stays theywear Jackets with lhort Skirts, which are very be-
coming thofe that are of a good Shape. TheirNecks are quite bare, only when they go intothe Choir they cover them with Veils of fine
white Wool» which trail on the ground. ThefeNuns are the Daughters of the Nobles, and enjoygreat Liberty, more than 1believe they have undertheir Father*sRoof.
The Feftival of St. Mark is always celebratedwith very great Solemnity. On the Day prece^ding, the Doge accompany'd by the Ambaffadors
repaire with a great Train to St. Mark's Church,where he affifts at the Vefpers. Next Day the
Confraternities, who are nine in number, meet atthe Ducal Palace, accompany the Doge to Churchin ProceCîon, and are prefent at High Mafs.After this the Doge returns to his Palace, andthe Brotherhocds go round the Square. Each So-
ciety has magiificent Images, and two Canopksrichly embroidïr*d with Gold and Silver whofePoles or Suppoïters are of folid Silver. ThePro-ceffion is clos'd by a Man drefs'd in a Gown of red
Damafk, carrying a Pole with a moying Wheel atthe end of it which férves to fupport a gilt Lionfurrounded with Laurel Branches, and little Stan-dards of divers Colours. The Lion turns round
inceffantly, and the Man who carries it makes him
leap, and play a hi;ndredGambols He is furround-ed with a Multitiuîe/of People, who cry out, God
biefsSt. Mark. TiisSight, how ridiculousfoever,is neverthelefs amufing, draws abundance of the
Nobility to the S»uare, and on that Day everybody is maik'd. fter the ProceîTioni;over, the
Maikers sa to fee tht Doge's Table, whoentertair.s
402 V E N CE.
came.
the Ambaffadors and the Senate at Dinner, on aTable in form of a Horfe-fhoe which is extra-
vagantly adorn'd with Kickjhaws, and Machinesmade of Starch, which are here call'd Triumpbs.
Nothing of the kind can be better exeçuted, ormore magnificent. As there is a great Àpprehen-fion of a Croud, all the Mafkersare turn'd away atDinner-time. They keep on their Maiks ail day
long and after Dinner ail the Nobility, or to
fpeak more properly, the whole City of Venueap-pears mafk'd upon the Sqtmreof St. Mark and in-
deed, for one who never faw it before, 'tis a re-markable fineShew. What furpriz'd me, and if I
may fay it, made me laugh, was to fee ail theMafkers fall on their Knees at the Sound of the
~ngelus you wou'd fwear every body was in Rap-ture, yet every thing that goes before and thatfollows the Stroke of the Bell is not the moft de-vout.
The Day after St. Mark's wehad another publickShew, and by confequence a frefh occafion for the
Venetiansto mafquerade it. That was the Electionwhich the Fifhermen, who are here call'd the Ni-
colotti, made of a Chief, who bears the Titie ofthe Doge of the Nicolotti. Their Choice fell this
Bout upon a Gondolier belonging to the noble
Giujiiniani. After the Election he was conduc-ted to an Audience of the Doge of Veniceydrefs'din a Robe of red Sattin, and otherwife accoutredlike a jackpudding. He was preceded by a greatMob of PipiTS, Hautboys, and Fiihermen. Juftbefore him was carry'd a red Flag, with the Ef-
figies of Sr. Mark. The Doge receivd him fit-
ting on his Throne, and attended by the Council.The Complément of the Doge of the Filhermenwas made with great Gravity, and anfwer'd bythe Doge of the Republick in few Words j which
d<sne, he return'd in the fame Ordec that lie
V E N I C E. 403
D d 2 Ala-
came. This lham Doge bas authority over all the
Fiftiermen, is their Judge, gives them Licence to
filh, and takes care that the City be well fuppliedwith that fort of Provifion. 'Tis faidthat this Of-
fice, which is for Life, is worth above ioooCrowns
fer Attnum. He had formerly the Privilege of com-
manding in a certain Quarter of the City, and af-fifted at ail the Cérémonies where the Doge was
prefent He even accompany'd that Prince onboard the Bucentaury and had Precedency of allthe Ambaflàdors but they have loft that Rightfince, wpon what occafion I know not, they gavethe Precedency to an Ambaflador from the
Emperor.The Patriarch of Veniceis the fecond Perfon in
the State. The prefent Patriarch isof the Familyof Gradenigo. The Authority of this Prelate is fo
ftinted, that he onlynominatesto two or three Béné-fices. The Inhabitants of every Parilh chufe their
Parfons, which is alwaysattended with Intriguingfor their Livings.being very lucrative, have greatIntereft made for them. The Patrjlras a Privi-
lege of having a Gondola painted Purple and Gold,with a Roof or Covering of Red Velvet but thisGondola muft not exceed a certain Degree of
Magnificence. You know that the Gondolas of
private Men muft be black, and that none but
Ambaffadors have the Privilege of having theirs
gilded.Tho*the Churches of Venicehave beenfufficiently
defcrib'd, 1 cannot help faying fomething of thofe
that 1 thoughithemoftremarkable. Withoutdoubcthe Front of the Church of thé bare-footed Car-
mélites, fituate upon the Great-Canal, is the moft
magnificent, not only of Venice, but perhaps of
Europe as well with regard to the Proportions'ofArchitecture that have been carefully obferv'd, as
with regard to the Finenefs of theMarble, white as
404 V E N I C E.
Ça-
Alabafter, withwhichthisbeautifulFront iswhollyembellifiYd. The Infideof thisChurch isextreme-
ly magnificent. TheRoof is richlygilded, andcu-
riouflypainted. The Walls are fac'd with MarblePilafters theFloor isof Stonesinlaidwith variousColours, andthe Altars are exceedingftately Butof all thefe different things thrre feems to be too
great a number, fo that 1 could wifhmany of theOrnamentshad beenfpar'd for anobleSimplicitywou'd have look*dmuchbetter.
This fort of Simplicity is confpicuousin theChurchof St. George,one of the biggeft in Veniee%the Architectureof which is furprizing. A Con-vent belongsto it, whichforMagnificenceand Re-
gularity furpaffesmany SovereignPalaces. The
great Stair-Cafeisa finepieceof Architecture, andwou'd becomea King's Palacemuch better than aConvent. This Houfe has two noble Cloyftcrsplanted with Orange-Trees, a coupleof fpaciousCourts, and two large Gardens well cultivated,which have Terrafiesfrom whencethere is a Pro-
fpcft of thefca, and the neighbouringIflands.The Capuchins,whofeChurchesare very plain
every where elfe, have t very noble one hère,which is called Al Redmptore. It was built byorder of the Republic to difcharge a Vow theyhad madein theumeof a Plagoe. The honeftCa-
puchin whoihew'dme the Church, mademe take
fpecialnoticeof a Crucifixof firafsover the highAltar, whereonour Saviourisrcprdêntedexpiring,with hisHead leaningon his right ShouJder. NlyGuideaflur'dmethatwhentheCrucifixwasplac*dintheChurchtheHeadof our Lords Image wasereû,but that it fellafterwardsinto its prefentPofture.
There are other Churchesworth feeing, were it
only for the ftatelyTombaof themoft diftinguilh'dFamilies of the Republic. Such h the Tomb ofthe noble Familyof Genare, in thé Churchof thé
V E N I C E. 405
D d 3 tinels
Cajetarts, where are the Marble Effigies of eightCardinals, and four Doges defcended from that
Family. In the Churchesof St. Paul and St. Johnare Piâures very muchefteem'd by theCottnoijjeurs,and there's the fumptuous Tomb of the Valeriosywhere the Father, the Mother, with the Son, arecarv*din their natural Proportion in Marble, appa-rell'd in the Habit of the Doge and Dogefs.
Before I have donc with die Churches, I think1 ought to give you fome account of that of the
~ejuits thé Front whereof is of noble Archi-
tecture, well difpofed, and the Ornaments nottoo much crouded but the Decoration of the In-fide is really grand. Nothing can be richer thanthe Choir, and the high Altar. The Choir confiftsof a fpaciousDome fupported by four large Pillarsof white Marble, lin'd with great Flower-piecesofold green Marble. The Roof is painted and gilt.The high Altar, which is all of Marble, isaPavi-lion or Dome fupported by ten Columns wreath'd
of the ancientGreekMarble. The Tabernacle is ot
Alabafter, incruftated with Lapis-Lazuli. To all
this rich Work are added two Angels in their na-
tural Proportion, over whichare the EffigiesofGod
the Father, and God theSon. The fiveSteps lead-
ing to the Altar are of green Marble, incruftatedwith old yellow Marble fo artfully that this Work
would eafily be taken for a Pièce of Perfian Ta.
peftry. The Pulpit and the Riluftrade, which fe-
parates the Nave from the Choir, are of Marble,and psrfettly anfwerableto the Magnificenceof thewhole Church.
I now proceed to the Arfenal, fo much cele-
brated in Europe, perhaps more for what it hasbeen than what it is at prefent. Three Nobles havethe Management or Cuftody of it, who relieve one
another every Week. H^ that is in waiting muft
vi5t the Pofts in thé Ni~ht.time and the Cen-
406 V e N I C E.
wou'd
tinels are oblig'd each to ring a Bell every Hour,that the Officerupon Guard may know they are attheir Pofts. No body can fee the Arfenal withoutLeave of the Nobleman in waiting, who never re-
fufes it to Perfons of Rank. The firft thing 1 was
fliew'd were four Rooms full of Arms neceflàry forthe Marines, where are alfo kept the Cuirafies ofthofe Generais who have moft diitinguilh'd them-felves in the Service of the Republic but they are r'-
all full ofDuft. Then 1 was fhewed the Magazineof Anchors, and the Cellar to which the Workmenof the Arfenal go when they pleafeto a Fountain ofWine and Water mix'd. As much diluted as thisWine is, 'tis faid that there's no lefs fpent here e-
very Year than àmounts to 74000 Crowns. Thisis an Endowment which was fettled by one Cor-HaroQueen of Cyprus, for the Relief of the Work-men. Near this Cellar are the Forges, of which
tbere are twelve but there are only two aduallyat work. The.Rope-Yard juft by it, is 410 Pa-ces in length, and ferves at the fame time for a"Warehoufeof Hemp, of which 1 did not fee any
great Quantity. In another Court there were a
great many Cannon, both Iron and Brafs, a Room
fullof Bullcts, a Magazine of Cordage, a Timber-
Yr.rd, and three great. Rooms full of Armsfor theFoot Soldiers. There wasanother that ferv'd asanArfenal for the Horfe, but 'twas lately burnt down
by the Carcleflhefsof a Centinel. The Dock for
building and refitting of Ships forms a feparateCourt, in the midft of which there's a great Bafon
that communicateswith the Sea, and isencompafs'dwith twenty fix Sheds cover'd over, which con-
tain as many Ships, Galleys, and Galleaffes. Thelatter are Machines of a terrible Size, which have afort of Battery at both ends. My Guide affur*d
me that a Venetian Galleats was not afraid of
twenty five Turkijh Galleys This may be but 1
V E N I C E. 4O7
Dd4 lt
wou'd venture a Wager on the fide of the In-
fidels. In -this fame Dock are the Prowes oftwelve Turkijb Galleys taken at the famous Battle
ofLepanto. But the moft noble thing in all this
Dock, is theBucentaur^which went out of Port forthe firft time in the Year 1728. This fuperbVefîeiwas built by AntonioCorradini; and is fo well de-
ligh'd, and the Orhaments of Sculpture, of which
there's a great number, fo well plac'd, that everything is eafilydiftinguife'd, and ftrikeswith Amaze-
ment. 'Tis gilded down to the Water-edge, and
*tisfaid that the Expence of it amounted to 70000
Sequins. The Deck iscover'd from Head to Stern
with Crimfon-Velvet, bedaub'd with a broadLace,
and GoldFringes. A ndthe infideif poffibleismore
magnificent thanthe Outfide. There's agreat Room
the length of the Ship, where the Doge lits on a
Throne, and the Ambaffadors and Senators on
Seats like thofe of the Canons in the Choir. The
Cieling confifts of Bas-reliefs in divers Compart-ments intirely gilt. The Floor is of Walnut-tree,incrufted with Ebony-Wood and Mother of Pearl.The Rowers who fit in the Hold of the Ship are
ail of one Livery, and their Oars gilt, which
makes a very fine Sight when all hands ftrike
together.You know that the Bucentaurnever goes out but
once a-year, upon Afcenfion-dty, when the Captainwho then commands muft take an Oath before he
ftirsout bf the Harbour, thathewillbringherback
again into the Arfenal. He carriesnothing aboard
ofhisown, for unlefsthe Weatherbeveryfair indeed,the Ceremony is put off to another day. Theytuild a new Bucentaurevery hundred Years, and
the old ones are laid up till they rot.
I juft now hear that the Poft is going off, fo that
1 am oblig'd to defer what 1 have farther to fayof Yenicetill the next. 1 (hall be infinitely pleas'd-
408 Ve n i c e.
thé
if I can fatisfy your Curiofity, and much more if Ican prove to you that no body has a more profound-Veneration for you than I, Wboam, &c.
L ET TER XXVI.
S I R, Ftiiice, Mmj15, 173e,
THE Common-rwcalth keeps twelve GaU
leys in pay, and twenty Men of War,JL The Capitana Galley, call'd the Fuftat
never goesout of theGreat Canal, but is continuallyat Anchor before the Square of St. Mark. There's
commonly fourGalleysand asmanyMen of War in
the Levant. Others lie at Anchor in the Canal of
Zueco, which were lately drawn out of theArfenal,becaufe for want of Water the Ships receive Da-
mage. The Power of the Republic confiftschieflyin ics Maritime Force. It maintains very few
Land Forces, and thofe they have are ail kept at
CorfoK,which is the Rampart of Vaicc, and the
Defence of the Gulph the Prefervation of whichis owing to the Count de Scbulmlwrg, General in
chief of the Republic for in the laft War when the
tfurks attempted to take it, *twas he that oblig'dthem to raife the Siege: And the Republic in ac-
knowledgment of this important Servicecaus'd his
Statue on Horfeback to be ere&ed in the Square of
thé O!d C^ftle of Cor/ou and fettled a Penfion up-on him of 5opoCrowns a-year for his Life, befides
hisordinary SaJary.'Tis certain that Venicehas fuffer'd a Decay both
pf Power and Commerce, The Turks h^re taken
Venice. 409
de-
the Morea from her ihe has little or nothing left in
the Levant and as to her Places in the Terra
firma they are poor, depopulated, and meanly for-
tified. One of the mam Securities of Veniceis her
Lakes but for fomeYears paft they begin to thick-
en fo by the Mud and Dirt brought by the Rivers
which fall into the Gulph, as in time muft proveto the very great Détriment of Yexice,becaufeShipswhich us'd formerly to go in or out with eafe, can
only go out now by the help of a Canal which has
been eut for the purpofe. This Inconveniencemight
hâve formerlybeenpreventcdfor atrifle ofEipçrice,whereas now 'ris paft aUremedy.
The Powers of which the Venetiansought to
be moft jealous, aretheîJ/r^andtheEmpcror,in
whofe Dominions they are in a manner inelœ*d.
The Great Duke of Tufcanyand the Duke of Parma
were formerly Powers which were of Httle or no
Terror to the Republic but if thofe-'Dominions
ihou'd ever come under the Sovercignty of Dm
Carlos, the political Syftem of Italy will be verymuch alter'd, and the Veneiianswill in ail probabili-
ty be oblig'd to keep fair with him. The Republichas for a long time obfervd an exaft Neutraîity in
the Quarrels among the Princes of Chriftendom,
perhaps becaufe it knows not for which fide to
determine itfelf for tho' the Senate hâtes the
Spaniards, and cannot forget the famousConfpiracyof the Marquifs deBedmarthe Catholic King's Am-
baflador they don*tmuch like either the Germans
pr French, whofe Power gives them Umbrage.And 1 believe, were it poffible for the Veneiiansto hurt thofe three Powers at the fame time, we
fhou'd quickly feetheir Republic rouze itfelf from
that Lethargy in whiçh it's profound State-Policyhas doz'd it.
Sincethe Englijhand DutcbbecameMafters of tho
Commerce of Europe, theTradepf J^fl/rnsas much
4i° VBHiei.
fo
decay'd as its Power and their Manufactures arefunk extremely. The Venetiansheretofore furnifh-ed almoft all Europewith Cloth their Looking-Glaffes, and thofe for Drinking, were alfo in greaçvogue, but thofe Manufactures are finec tranf-
planted into other Countries, fo that Ventéefcarcefûrniihcs any more than haly. 'Tis worth whiJe
howeverto go and fee the Glafs-Houfe where theywork Night and Day, except in Auguftand Sep-tember, when the Heats arc too violent. 'Tiscertain the Drinking-Glafles made here are much
llronger than any other, but as they are blown
they are not near fo fubftantial as the Glafs that is
run however they requirc lefs Labour, and havethe Advantage when they are broke of being mel-ted again the Matter of which they are compo-fed being much more flexible than that of the runGlafs.
The Nobles of Veniceart Slaves to Policy, Dif-
fidence, and Sufpicion and Ambafladors are muchmore fo, whom every one fhuns as fufpeôed Per-
fons, and whom a Foreigner can fcarce talk towirhout renouncing his Correfpondence with theNobles. An Ambaffador is oblig'd to confinehim-felf to his ownFamily, or elfe to amufehimfelf in
the Company of Foreigners, of whom there is al-
ways a good number in this City for no Noble-
man dare vifit him without the exprefs leave of the
Senate, who now indeed grant it much more free-
ly than they did formerly.Cuftoms are alter'd here in very many things.
'Twas formerly a Crime to fee a Woman in private,and a Foreigner did not dare to run the Venture ibut now the café is quite different, for there arefeveral Houfes of Quaiiry where 1 am iiidulg'd,and am often tête a tête with the Miftrefs of the
Houfe, without any more notice taken of me than
if 1 were in France, where Eafe and Freedom are
v 19 N 1 C B., 411
me
To much boafted. The Ladies are great Vifiters,and have Afiêmblies every Night, to which they
repair alone in their Gondola's without any otherAttendance but a Valet de Chambre, who ferves astheir Gentleman-Uiher. They are mafk'd at all
public Performances, and go where they have amind to it. This eafy accefsto the Ladies contri-butes not a little to make my Stay in this City a-
greeable. 1 own to you that I am infinitelycharm'dwith it there are a thoufand Things here that
pleafe me, and were 1 to chufe any City in Italy tolive in, 'twould certainly be this, where People en-
joy entire Liberty, provided they don't meddlewith the State and its Government, which after all
too, I don't think a Foreigner has much to do with.Here one is in the Centre of civil PJeafuresand De-
bauchery. God is as exemplarily ferv'd here as in
any Place whatfoever. Few Nations obferve theExternals of Religion better than the Italians in ge-néral and the Venetiansin particular, of whom it
may be faid that they fpend one half of their timein committing Sin, and the other half in beggingGod's pardon.
Mafquerades are more in fafhion here than elfe-where. People go in Mafks to take theAir, aswellasto Plays andBalls and'tis the favourite Pleafurebothof thé Grandees and the Commonalty. This givcsrife to many Adventures, and fometimesone makes
Acquaintance under a Mafk which would be im-
praticable perhaps, were not fuch Difguifes inFafhion. 1 remember that the firft time I washere1 ftruck up an Acquaintance in the Square of Sr.Mark with two of thé firft-rateLadies of thisCoun-
try. They were maflc'd, and I wasin a Scarlet Do-mino embroider'd with Silver, which being a Habitthat had been feldom feen here, drew the Eyes ofall the Company in the Square upon me, and in
particular of two Ladies, one of whomtwitching
412 V B N I C E,meby theSlave, faid to me, Sir, 1 andtheLady« hère, my Friend, fancyby your Air whichout-
ftrips our Gentlemen, diat youare a Foreigner,4andweare inclin'd to think that you are no mean
Perfon. We fhouldbeglad ofyourConverfatiôn,and youwi!ldo us a Pleafure to take a turn withus round the Square. You do me too muchHonour, fairLady (&idJ, waJkingon) and what
youtell meofmyAppearancepleafesme themorebecaufêyou^areboththecompieateftLadiesin thePlace. As youguefsby my Habit that 1 am nota commonPerfon, your Air perfuadesme that 1
have the Honourto fpeakto Ladiesof Quality.–4 Youare notmiftaken(faidthe fameLady to me)
thisLady my CompanionisMadameM and1 amthe Wifeof Mr. C You find (continu'dfhe)that ourNamesarepretty wellknown in Ye-
4 nice. Now, after having told you who weare,may weprefumeto aflcwhoyou are ? I gratify*dtheir Cunofity by pullingoff my Maflc, which1
thought a Complimentdue to their Quality. I had
fcarcetold my Name, when theLady who had not
yet fpoke oneWord, faidto me, You are not fo4mucha Strangeramongusas you imagine yourName is very well known to me, and the lato
MadameDuhamel,your Aunt, whofe • Hu/bandvasCommanderin chiefof our Forces, wasone
4 of mymoft intimatcFriends, and me often toldme how much fhe wifh'd to fee you here butf 'twas a Comfort fhe did not live to enjoy. Showent with her Hufband to Cor/ou,wherehe died
notwithoutSufpicionof Poifon for he wasac-4 cus'd of being too great a Fraubman and yourAunt who was return'd from Corfouwith a De-
Cgn• Frmuis, Coont Duhtmtl, Iiraienaat-Genenl of the Kiaz
of Prmjla's Amy. Knight of tbe Order of the BUtk fsglt, «nïColoael of a Régimentof Horfe. The Veuttiwu iavftca him ta
their Servicev\ 1 704,snd gare himçlle chief Commandof the_ar
'arc:8.
V B N I C E, 413
bcen
fignto go and fpendthe Remainderof her Daysat Berlin, died as fhe wasperformingQuarentinein ourPort. You caus'd herBodyto be remov'dto Berlin, and you was one of her Heirs and,
tho*I dont mentionic to make a Merit of it, Imuft tell 'youthat you are oblig'd to me for it,finceI pleadedforyouagainfta very great num-
ber of M. DubameFsRelations. My Loveto yourAunt put me upon engaging Mr. M to
cfpoufeyour Intereft, which he promoted withSuccefs,and prevail'don the Senate to prefertheRecommendationsof theKing of Pruffidand theElcûor of Hatuver who both protctted you, be-foretheInftancesmadeby theFrenchAmbafrador
in the Nameof theKing hisMafter, in faveur ofMcffieursDuhamel. I was infinitelypleas'd (con-dnu*dMadame M ) that 1 had an Oppor-
tunity of ferving you, and you may dépendupon it that Mr. M. and I mailever intereftour felvesheartily for all that belongto our de-
ceafedFriend.' I madeanfwerto MadameMin Terms fuitable to herobligingExprefilons, andcrav*dher Permiffionto pay my refpeéb to her ather Houfe. She anfwerdmevery civilly thatfhewould fend her Hufband to me, and that then fhefhouid be glad to fce me at her Houfe. Next
Morning as 1 wasready to go out, and wait uponMr. M to whom I thought 1 ow*da Vifittafter the Civilities1had receiv'dfrom hisWife, Iwas told that he was at my Door and defir*dto
fpeak with me. I went and receiv'd him, andfound him every whit as polite as his Lady. Heoffer'd to fhew me the Curiofiticsof Venicetill hisWife was ftirring. We went and faw feverai
Churches,afterwhichheconduâed metohisHoufewhere I found Madame M whoreceiv'd me,withall the Civility poffible. Shewasa Womanwbo tho' forty Yearsof Age Ihcw'd that fhe had
414 V E N I C E.
Mufic,
been a very beautiful Lady in her time. MadameC happen'd to be in her Company, withwhom me had been the Day before in the Square ofSt. Mark. I never faw a more beautiful Lady, orthat had a nobler Carriage. She wasnot yet twenryYears of Age, but had been marry*d five Years toa Man, who tho' the moft ill-favour'd of his Sexhad a moft amiable Behaviour. I fell in lovc withMadame C as foon as ever 1 faw her, andwhen I beheld her Hufband, 1 had Prefumption e-
nough to belie vethat my Application to the Ladywould not be difagreeable. But 1 foon perceiv"dthat flicwasnot aWoman for my turn j fhequicklydepriv'd meof all Hopes of Succefi and I no foonerfaw thofeHopes vaniih'd, which are the only Sup-
port of Lovers, but I dropp'dmy Amour. I hadanother in view which was attended with betterSuccefs M. M carry'd me to a Country-Houfe of his towards Paduat and 1 don't knowwhere 1 was ever more agreeably entertain'd in mywhole Life. Ta at thefe Country Scats one fées
die Venetians in Perfection, who are quite another
fort of People here than in the City; for hère theyput off that grave ferious Air which they zffeâ in
Town, and are quite fociable, civil, courteous, andlive with morefplendor. As thefe Country-Houfesare near one another, the Gentlemen to whom theybelong vifit each other very much, and are almoft
always together but ztVenicethey live with moreReftraint.
1 am in fome doubt whether 1 Ihould reckon theMufie of the Venetian Churches in the number of
itsPlcafures but upon the whole, I think I ought,becaufecertainly theirChurches are frequented moreto pleafe the Ear, than for real Devotion. The
Church of la Pieta which belongs to the Nuns whoknow no other Father but Love, is moft frequented.Thefe Nuns are enter'd very young, and are taught
V E N I C E. 4*5
Prifon
Mufic, and to play on all forts o; Inftruments, in
which fome of'em are excellent Pe -formers. Apol-
lenia aûually pafiesfor the fineftSinger, andAnna-
Maria's for the firft Vielin in Italy. The Con-
courfe of People to this Church canSundays and
Holidays is extraordinary. 'Tis the Rendezvous
of all the Coquettes in Voice, and fuchas are fond
of Intrigues have here both their Hands and Hearts
full. Not many Days after my Arrivai in this
-City was at this very Church, where was a valt
Audience, and the fineft of Mufic. As I wasgoing
out, a Woman who hid her Face accoftcd me, fay-
ing, there wasa Lady in a Gondola who defir'd to
fpeak with me. Tho» this fmelt ftrong of an Ad-
venture, which 1 was never very fond of, 1 how-
ever went along with the Woman; and really, not
above ten Paces from theSpot 1founda Gondola, in
which wasa Lady whom I knewto be the Daughter
of the unfortunate Baron de H of whofe tra-
gical Cataftrophe yoa have heard.Iownitmovd
mv Compaffion, as well as Sorrow, to fee before
mv Eyes a youngLady of Rank in a ftrange Coun-
try and in fuch a Situation as made me furmife that
fhe was in a bad Way. But it even touch'd me to
the quick, when after having made her Apology
to me for having fent for me, fhe faidto me with a
Voice interrupted with Sighs, For God's fake tell
me what's become of my poor Father is heftill
living ? He hasbeen the Caufe of hisown Unhap-«
pineif and mine too he has plung'd me into an
«Abyfs of Woe,
butheis ftill myFather: Nothing
can make me forget the Duty 1 owe him I
Ihould be glad even to lay down my Life to re-
lieve his Misfortunes.' 1 told her that I had not
been at Berlin for a long time that I had not kept
up a Correfpondence there with any body, and that
confequently I could not tell her any News-of her
Father. I knew at the fame time that he died inr ·r_
41 6 V E N I C E.
M*
3
Prifon at Spdxdata but I was loth to be the Mer-
fenger of fuch bad News to a Perfon who feem'dto be alreadytoo mucbaffliâed. did not know
youwtTtzx.Venice(reply'dMadamohellede H .)or 1 fhouldhâvefoughtan Opportunity to fpeak
with you. 1 fawyouat the Church of la Pieté*and thé fight of youcall'd my Misfortunesfrefh
to my Memory, as wellas the fadCataftropheof
your oldFriend my Father. 1 could not refrain
fheddingTears, and the Rcmembrance of my« Difgracebas eclips'd the Pleafure1 takein feeing
you.' I endeavour'dto affilageher Grief, and tocalm her ruffled Soûland thereforeI wentwithher to ha Houfe, and whenI fawher a little com-
posé 1aflc'dher queftionsabout her flate of Ljfe,and dcfir'd her to tell me how flichad pafs'dhertime fincefheXdtBerlin. Sheanfwer'dmem everyPoint with a greatdealof Honefty and
SiropUcity.Afterthe Execution of that Sentence (faid flie^which degraded my Fathcr from Nobility andHonour, and fet him on a level with thé bafeft
« Scoundrels,I had not the Courageto ftay at Ber.1 went to H to find out Madamedt
B my Aunt from whom I hoped to meetwithProteââonj but I foonezperienc'dthat theUnfbrtunatehâvenoRelations. My Aunt would
not gîveme Houfe-room,and fenta Confidentofher*sto tell methat fheadvis*dmeto begone from
*H. or elfe to changemy Name and not to call
meher Coufin,uniefi Ihada Defireto be confin'd.But alas! 1 fhouldthen havetaken it as a Favour
ifmy Aunt had Olutme up for 1 wasinextremeWant, and knew not whatwouldbecomeof me.I lodgMat an Inn where1got myLivingbymak-
ing of LinnenandWafhing, when a goodlikelyyoung Mancameand took up his Quarten in the
veryfameHoule, who immediatelyftruck up an
Acquaintancewith me. I know notwhathefaw1
Venïce. 417
Vol I. Ec •Proftitute,
in me to tharm h'm, for 1did nothing but cry allthe day long. Mean time he talk'd to me of
4 Love, and gave me fo many Demonftrations ofhis flaming Paffion thatl found he was reallyfinitten with me. To tell you the whole Truth, I
was not long infenfibleof the famé Paffion. Heeven offer'd to marry me, which, fince he wouldnot be deny'd, 1 confentedto. He told me thathewas an OfHcer in the Emperor's Service, andaNative of Lubeck, and that he was cornehitherto take poflèffion of an Eftate fallen to him
by Inheritance. 1 took what he faid to be truebecaufehe washandfomely equipp'd, and had his
Pockets well lin'd. In lhort, I was fmitten with
him, and thoughtI Ihouldbe veryhappy in takinghim for my Hufband. Not many Days afrerour
Marriage, he told me that he muit needsfet outfor -Hungarywhere the Regiment was quarter'd,whereof he faid he was a Lieutenant, and that
conièquenriyI muft make ready to go with him.–We fet out from H and arriv'd happily at
Vicwfr. It was in that very City that my Huf-
band,whotill thenbehav'd well towardsme, andwhofe Conduâ: had bcen very regular, chang'd
ail on a fudden to the reverfe. He fpent thewhole Day in Gaming-Houfes, and the Night in
Debauchery. Sometimesheneveroncecamehomefor four or five Days together, and when he did,c 'twas only to infult me, and to upbraid me withthe misfortune of myFather, which I difcover'd
to him beforeMarriage, for fear he 1houldreproachme one time or other with having deceiv'd him.
C He told me that I was a Difgrace to him, thathis Colonel hadbroke him for marrying me, andthat 1 wasthe Author of his Ruin. I try'd to
pacify him, and fpar*dno Painsnor Complaifancefor it, but all to no purpofe. I heard that my
-Hufband was dcfperately in U»c witt a common
4i8 V E NI CE.
me
Proftiiute, that he had ruin'd himfelffor her fake}and in a little time he wasoblic'd to fell the very
Clothesoff his back. He had contraôed Debts,and cxpeôing everyday to bearrefted byhis Credi-
tors, heleft Piétinaprivately, abandooingmeto themoft dreadful Defpair.' Twas eight Months be-fore 1 heard a Word of him. At laft 1 came toknow- that he washere at Venice and I refolv*dto
find him out. Madame the Countefeof IVwho had gcneroufly afliftedme, fitted meout forthé Journey, but when I came hither I did notfind my Huiband, who I heard wasat Padua. Iwas making my fe!f ready to follow him thither,when 1heard the News that he was kill'd by aStudentwith whom he had a Quarrel at Gaming.His Death fill'd up the Meafure of my Sorrow.
found my felf quite a Stranger here withoutFriends or Subfiftence. 1 endeavour'd, but in
vain, to get my Living by my Labour, as 1had
donc at H but 1foundfoUttletodo that 'twas
impofiïblefor meto holdout longs andlmuftun-
doubtedly have funk under my Mifery if it had
not been for die noble D who out of Pityto my Condition reliev'd me fix Years ago by
granting mea PenGon: But how happy fhould I
be if I couldlive without it, and retire for ever to
fome religious Foundation!' Here the unfortu-
nate H concluded her Narrative. I fifted
her Sentiments about Religion I knew lhe had
been educated in the Lutheran, but fiie exprefs'dher Inclination to émbrace the Catholic Religion,and alfo to turn Nun. I promis'd to ferve her all
that lay in my power, and that fame Evening I
fpoke to Madame M who promis'd me to
enter her into Orders as foon as fhe was turn'd Ca-
tholic. A Jefuit who has had the tutoring of her
for near a Month gives us Hopes that lhe will in-
ftandy be quaiify*dto cake the Vcil. She feem to
V E N rc E4 419
Eea ot
me to be very eager for it. A few days ago 1 ac-
Quaintedher with her FatherV>Death, with whi~hine feem'd very much affecled, but at the fametimclhe exprefs'd her Submiffionto the Decreesof Pro-
vidence, and told me her Misfortunes with fo much
Refignation, that 1 have Reafon to think fhe will be
very happy in the Retirement whxh fhe is about toembrace. If this be the Cafe, I (hall think my felf
very fortunate in having contributed by my Adviceto her Tranquillity. Heaven gra.it her Prayersmay prevail that I my felf mayput thofc Leffons in
praftice which 1 have taught her, as to the Neceffityof Converfion.
Pardon me, Sir, this long Digreflion. As youknew the unfortunateH in his Profperity, andas you are alfo inform'd of his Difgrace, 1 !;hooghtyou would not be forry to hear of the Fate of his
Daughter. 1 now refume my Remarks on Vtïice.Two Daysago I went to fee the ScuolaSt. Rcrco,
whirh are Rooms where the Fraternities of thatSaint meet, in which are Piftures done by the
greateft Mafters, particularly one in the gteat Room
b^low, which is the Pifture of theAnnunciationdone
by Tintorett a Piece highly efteem'd. This Pifturc
is, without Contradiction, one of the fineft and
moft affefting Paintings at Venue, becaufeof the
lively Expremons ofSurprife, Admiration, and Joywhich appear in the Virgin's Face. She is fittingin her Chamber, which the fkilfùl Painter has re-
prefented as a plain mean Room in fome Diforderwith old and worn out Furniture. Upon the grandStair-cafethere's another Piâairc reprefenting the
Annunciation in like manner, which is done by
Titian, and is not one of the worft of his Perfor-
mances. The upper Rooms are adorn*d with fe-
veral Piftures done by Tinttrrct, in which he has
defcribed our Lord's Paffion. Our Saviour ap-
pearing before Pilate is an admirable Piece 'ris
really moving to fee-the Modçfty and Serenity
4-20 V £ N I C E.
Fntub-
of his Countenance. A fecondPiéhire reprefentsour Lord carrying hîsCrois. In a third, we féehim faften'd on ir, and expiring for the SalvationofMankind. Thefe are invaluablePièces,and arereckon'dthecompleateftthateverYtnîaretpainted.
1 havealfo been to fee the chiefPalaces, whichlie for the moftpart on the great Canal, and that
cali'd Reggio. They areverymagnificent,but thcyarc generally fo like one another that he who basfecuonemayfay he hasfeen themail. They havelictle Court-Tards, lefs Gardens, and no Stables.
Nothing goes to form a Palace at Venuebut thémain Body of the Building, a great Salon in thcmiddle, and Apartments on the Right and Left;¡and fetting afidethe Marble, there are Palacesas
magnificentelfewherewhichhaveonly the nameofa Houfe.
The Squareof St.Markisthe ordinaryRendezvousof ail theGentryat Venict. There are Nobleswho
keep their conitant Circuits hère as it were, and\vhoneverftir fromthe Placebut to Bed, for theypafstheir whole Time in Gamingat the Coffec.Houfes, or in the Peruke-MakersShops. ThenumberoftheirNoblesisnot limited andanybodyfor payingdown 100000DucatsmaypurchafeNo-
bility.ThefeGentlemencomplimenteachotherwithr the Title of ExceUencytand 'tis what they all chal-
lengefrom Foreigners. Meantime, fomeof thofeExcellaicits goto the Shambles,and to the Fdh.Market, and carry home their Meat or their Fifhunder their Robes, and fomeare fo verypoor chat
they go a begging. This Title isfo verycommonhere that 1had muchado to hindera Lackey whomI hiredfromgiving it to me. Tho' I told him thatI wasby no means Excellent,he made me anfwerthat hekncwfullwell whatObligationswere due to
my Exccllency,and that he wouldnot be thoughtto be wanting in Refpcft to my Exccllency. A
V E N I C E. 421
£«î Farrago,
frencbman lately come from Cmftantinopleto whom1 made my Complaints, how much this Title was
prophan'd, aflur'd me that the Venetianswere ftillmore lavtfhof it out of Venice, fo that he heard the
very Grooms belonging to the Bailloof the Repub-lic at Cmtfantiitople,compliment one another withthe Title of Excellncy.
Among the VemetianExcellencies there are alfoPetits-Maîtres who are known by their Doubletslin'd with Scarlet, their fine white Perukes, bytheir fantaftical Step, and that Air of lolling which
they give themfelves in their Gondola's, which aremuch fmaller and nimbler than the common fort.Thefe Petits-Maitres are greatBeaus,andhavecom-
monly more than one Miftrds at a time, and indeedthere are few Nobles but have one at leaft. Thefe
Creatures, excepting the little Liberty they enjoy,are ashappy asSultana's. Their Lovers treat themlike Princéffes, and the Venttims in
general Ivaygreat refpect to the wholeSex. 1have feenFauftinathe famousSinger, and Strimputta the noted Cour-tezan corne mafk'd upon the Square of St. Mark,
kaning on the Shouldersof Noblemen, and everyManpaying them as much Obeifanceas if they hadbeen Ladies of great Importance. The famé daythat they appear'd on thé Square there happen'd tobe a Skirmim between two Women mafk'd thatwere Rivais, who, as foon as they knew one ano-
ther, fell out, went to Cutis, tore off each other's
Maiks, and at laft Knives weredrawn, with which
they eut one another fo deeply that one of 'cm was
left dead on the Spot.
I now think it high time to finilh my Letterwhich is already very long, and perhaps too full ofTrifles. 1 have told you every Thing that cameuppennoft in my Mind, fo that you have a perfeft
423 P AD y A.
From
Farrago, whichhoweveris a Proof of-the PleafiireI takc in corrcfpondingwithyou.
L E T T E R XXVII.
S I R, RncigUamt,May30.1730.S it appears by all the Letters from Rome
that thcy are on the point of chufinga new
JL Pope, 1 fet out fooner from Venicethan I
fhould otherways have donc, and came poft to this
City without ftopping much by the Way. 1
pafs'd thro' PADUA,where1had the Honour to paymy y Refpe&sto the Prince Emanuel of Portugal^who is come to refide thtre for fome time, and 1
vas afierwards at the Comedy, which was indeed,a moft wretched Performance, but the Aflemblywas gay and numerous Among the reft there were
a great number of Students and young Fellows,
parricularlyone that madea veryfinical Appearance,who hadtenor twel vePatcheson hisFace, a red Coatembroider'd with black Gawfe, a Hat, a Shoulder-
Knot, Stockings, fcfc the whole trimm'd withGawiê.1 took him at firfï for a Mountcbank, but 1 plainlyfaw that the Whimficalnefs of his Drefs was theHumour of the Country. What gave me fomeAmufement was, to fee a Hare which Harlequinhad taught to play Tricks, to tumble Top over
Tail, to leap over a Stick, and to beat a Drumwith his twQFore-feet.
FERRARA. Bologna. 423
Ee 4 adorn'd
From Padua I went to Ferrara a City in theEcclefiaftical State, where the Pope keeps a Legatwho is alwaysa Cardinal. It appear'd to me to bea large City with fpaciousStreets, and fome finePa-
laces,butkdid not feem to bevery populous, whichis afcrib'd to the bad Air in this Country, other-wife oneof the fineft in ail Italy.
The Road from Ferraravo Bologna is extremelylevel, and as good and agrecable in Summer as'tis
unpaffable in Winter. Bologna is the fecond Cityin the EcclefiafticalState, and isa large fineTown.*Tis in a moft c rming Situation, ail the Countryround it btmg properly a Garden, and one of themoft truitful and faireft riats in Nature. 'Tisfaid this City contains near 80000 Inhabitants.The common People are civil and well bred, andnone more polite to Foreigners than the Noblemen.There are ftately Palaceshère, of which1will onlymention that of the Marquis Rinucci^ becaufe tome it feem'd to be one of the moft confiderable in
the City. 'Tis very magnificent, and ofa vaft exw-tent. The Grownd-Floorcontains three large A-
partments, the firft Story five, and the fecondas
many. The Stair-cafe of this Palace is verymuch efteem'd for its Contrivance. In one of the
Halls are two large Piftures The firft is theConfecration of the Emperor CbarUsW. perform'dby the Pope at Bologna: The fecond reprefentsFrederic IV. King ofDenmark giving Audience tothe Senate of Bologna: and their complimentinghim on his Arrivai. In another of thofe Halls aretwo other curious large Piftures; the one of Car-
dinal Rinucci, having Audienceof the Kingof Po-
land whenhe was fent to him as Nuncio and the
fecond fhewsthe fame Cardinal receiving the Capfrom LewisXIV. King of France^ at whofe Courthewas Nuncio when he waspromoted to thePurple.The Apartments adjoining to thefe Halls are alfo
424. BOLOGNA.
.JWbat
3
adorn'd with excellent Paintings and very richlyfurnilh'd.
The Churches of Bolognaare not lefsmagniticentthan the fineft Churchesin Italy. I thought that ofSt. Paul the moft worthy of Remark, which isfcrvM by Bernardine Fryars. The Roof is a-dorn'd with Paintings reprefenting the Hiftory ofSt. Paul. Thefe Pàftureswhich are highlyeiteem'dare the Performancesof Antonio Caccioliand Rolli
two Natives of Belogna, and they have both out-
done themfelves. The Painting of the Domewhere St. Paul is reprefented on his Kneesready to
have his Head ftruck off is admirably fine. The
high Altar is of Marble of variousColours, fini/h'dwith a great deal of Art. The Seatsof the Monksare of Wallnut~Tree, and over them are feveralPiôures of the Life of St. Paul drawn by an able
Hand, who was Caracbe's Pupil. The Churches
of St. CatherineofBobgna, and St. Micbael in Bofaare wdl worth the Travellcr's Obfervation, on ac-count of the choice Piftures with which they are
adorn'd. St. Micbael' in Bofcoftands upon an E-minence three Miles from Bologne, to whtch there's
an Entrance thro' a cover'd Gallery made like a Pi-azza. 'Twas a Work erecled by the Citizens of
Belogna; out nf their Dévotion to a miracuJoas
Image of the HolyVirginwhich is rcverenc'd in thi»
Church.The Legatt's Palace is very ancient, but grand
and magnificent. 'Tis as ftnftly guarded duringthé Vacancy of the Holy Seeas if the Enemy were.at the-Gates of the City. All the Avenues to it are
hung with Chains The StoifsGuards are arm'dwith Cuiraflca The Guard which confifts of fiftySoldiers is, barricaded with Pallifades and Chevauxde Frife, and the Palace-Gate is defended by eightPiècesofCanaon.
Florence. 425
fices,
What remains for me to tell you of Bolognais,that 'ris one of theCities in halj wherea Foreignerfinds moft Amufement. The Nobility not onlyftrive to give him Pleafure, but he has fine Paint-
ings to feaft his Eye, and here are often excellentConcertsof Mufic,Opéras, and Comedies, charm-
ing Walks, and genteel Country-Houfes which Itake to be all that can be defir'd in Life.
FiomBebgna I travell'd in two days to Florence,afperhaving been dragg'd in my Chaife thro' the
Aptnnines aprodigiousRangeof Mountains*,whichis a thing I mail never do again while I live for I
reaUy fuffer*dvery much in this Road, and if ever
you Ibûuld have a fancy to comethis way, 1 wouldadvife you to carry Provifionsor a Cook with you,for mèreis not one confiderable Place in all theRoad. Fiortnzohy which is almofthalf way, is a
forry little Town. From thence to Scarperia theRoad is extremely rugged. One defcends a highMountain pav'd hkc aScair-cafc, which to attemptin* Chaife, youare fure of being, if mayfocallit,broke upon the Wheel, and thçrefore 1 chofe towalk down. At Scarperia the Road becomes more
pafiâble, and it mends as you corne near Florence.In our Way we pafe'd thro' a Town calld Pontethat ftands at the Foot of a Hill, where the GreatDuke bas a Caftle which appear'd to me to bc verywell fortify'd.
One perceives Florence a great wayQfF,and in-deed it makes a finepoint of View to fee fo great a
City in a bedùtifulValley between Hills which rife
infenfibly, and end at length in high Mountains,inhabitedin fuch amannermat they may be reckon'dthe Suburbs of Florence. The River Arno paflêsthro' both the City and the Valley. Among all theCitiesof Itafy, Florencemay juftly be furnamed the
Fair, fince it has all that can be defied in a greatand wealthyTown, fuchas facredand profane Edi-
426 Florence.
ïlorenca
fices, Bridges, Monuments, and Fountains; yet'ris not fo large nor popvlous as Btilogna. As 1 en-ter'd Fkrence I perceived over the Gate a Table ofwhite Marble with a Latin Infcription on it, asfoliows:
FLORENTIA, Advint» Friderici IV. DA-
KIJB, ET NoRVEGIiE, AUGUSTI, FELICIS,
QUOD IAM SUApRiESEWTIA MAGNUS HoSPES
JMPLEVERIT, augusta felix, AN. S. i708.
Mense Martio.
'Twas the late Great Duke Cofmowho caus'dthis to be engrav'd to the Honour of the KingofDenmark.
The City of Florencehas been fo well defcrib'dthat 1 fhall pafsvery briefly over ail that relates tothe Buildings. The Square call'd Piazza del Gran
Duca or the old Palace, containsOrnaments enoughto embellilh a great Town. Hereyou fee a fpa-cious Fountain which CofmoI. caus'd to be bûilt
after theDefignsoïAmminati and Pbilif Baldinacci,two of the moft famous1Sculptors at that Time.Not far f remthis Fountain is the Equeftrian Statue
of CofmoI. which is rais'd upon a great Pedeftal of
whiteMarble, with this Infcription engrav'd on the
chief Front ofit:
Cosmo Medici, Magno EtrurijE Ducî Pri-
MO, PIO, Felici, Invicto, JUSTO, Cle-
MENTI, Sacrée Militi.* Pacisque in E-
TRURIA AUTHORI, PaTRI ET PRINCIPI
OPTIMO, Ferdinandus F. MAG. Dûx III.
EREXIT, AN. CIO 13 LXXXXIIII.
On the other three Sidesof the Pedeftal are veryfine Bas-Reliefs of Brafs. The firft reprefents
CofmoI. recogniz'd for Sovereign by the Senateof
Florence* 427
five
Florenu the fecond the Ceremony of Cofmo''s.Co-
ronation, and the third the fameCofmoin an antiquetriumphant Car making his pompous Entry into
Sienna, which was fubmitted to his Government.
Ferdinand I. de Medicis when he ereâed this Statueto the Honour of his Father, employ*d in the Di-rection of it the famous John Boîogna, who has
very well anfwer'd the Opinion that had been con-ceiv'd of him.
In the Great Duke's Gallery near the Square, 1faw the greateftCuriofities,both among the Antientsand Moderns. A Buftoof Alexanderthe Great, the
famous Statue of Venus%eut by Apollodorus,withthofe of the Emperors and Empreffes of Rome,andthe greateft Perfonages of former Centuries thebeft Originals of the greateft Painters and a thou-
fand uncommon things, fuchas Diamonds, Rubies,Pearls, Emeralds, Saphirs, Topazes, Amber, Por-
cellain, Cryftal, Porphyry, Coral, Marble, and Gra-
nite, the Particulars of which wou'd form aVolume.
They are aâually engraving on Plates, and fe-
veral Perfons of Quality are contributing to the
Expence of this fine Work,whichisconfiderable,and
for which excellent Defigners are employ'd. Thiswou'd have been worthy of the Great Duke, an it
feems to me that this Prince when he fees hi? Fa-
mily extinct, and his Eftate pafs into the hands of
Foreigners, ought at leaft to eternize the G'ory of
his Anceftors by publilhing an Inventory of the im-menfe Wealth which they have acquired, ?nd tranf-
mitted to their Pofterity.Of ail the Churches in Italy there are none more
magnificent as to the out6de than the Dome of
Milan, and the Cathedral of Florence,both which
are entirely lin'd with Marble of varrous Colours.
A Citizen of Florence, who pretf.nded to know
the Hiftory of this City perfeftly well, affur'd me
that its Cathedral was built out of the Impoft of
428 F L 0 R E N C E.
Thus,
five Souswhich had been laid upon every Pièce ofCloth that was then fold at Florence but 1 believe
you may without Breach cf Charity take this for a
Story.Over againft the Cathedral is the magnificent
Baptiftery, to which there's ail Entrance thro' threeGates or Brafi, fo artfully wrought that Micbael
Angelofaid they were good enough to be the Gatesof Paradife.
éSt. Laurence**Chapeî, which is not yet finifh'd,
is the Admiration or ail Connoiflèurs, and is de-
fign'd to be the Place for the Burial of the Great
Duke», whofe Remains are to be depofited in aMaufoleum of wonderful Workmanfliip, adorn'dwith precious Stones. 'Tis 150 years ago thatthis Chapel has been building, and yet it wantstwo Thirds of being fini1h'd. If it were lawrul to
criticife the Conduét of Princes, I rfluft fay it again,that the Great Duke, who fees that his Greatnefs
and his Family muft end with him, ought to putthe laft hand to thisMonument of the Magnificenceof the Medicis For can he hope, that if he him-felf ncgleds to tranfinït the Luftre of his Family to
Poftenty, his Succefforswill think to do it, whoare nothing to him, or at leaft but vcry little? Butfuch is the Humour of John GajlonGreat Duke of
Tufcany he is fo indifferentand unconcern'd about
every thing, that he fees Foreigners difpofe of
his Domimons, and nominate his Succeffor, and
the Courriers ready to abandon him and to worihipthe faid Succeflbr; and yet the Profpecl, how dif-
agreeable foeverit may be, does not feem ro givehim any Uncafinefs And he faid fome days ago,after he had fign'd his Laft Will and Teftament,
declaring DonCaries Infante of Spainbis Succeffor,thaï bebadjuftgot aSonandHeir byaDajbofhis Peu,vobicbbe bai not heenablt topt
in itnrty fontyears
Marriage.
S I E N N A. 42O
Thus, Sir, 1 have given ail you will have of methis time touching Florence,where I cou'd ftay buta fewdays, and then madeno Acquaintance, havin<*
only been taken up in feeing the Curiofitiesof this
City. At my Return from Rome1propofeto cornehither again, and make fome ftay in order to get &little Knowledge of the Court and then you fhallbe inform'd of every Remark that I make.
From FlorenceI went and din'd at Caftillancello,and lay at Sienna a City in the Duchy of Tufcany,to which CofmoI. de Medicis made it fubjeft, notwithoutgreat Refiftancefrom the Siennois..TheCitywhich is both an Archbiflioprick and an Univerfity,is very pleafantly fituate, and enjoys a very goodAir. 'Tis faid that Italian is fpoke here with more
Purity than in any other Town in Italy. It feem'dto me to want Inhabitants, for 1 went thro' feveralStreets and did not meet a Soul. 'Tis faid that a
great many of the Nobility are fettled in Sienna,and that Strangers are fure to meet-with a civil Re-
ception here, but as I ftaid no more than one day,I had only a curfory View of the Town. TheCathedral appear'd to me to be a.-great and noble
Building lin'd with Marble. -The Great Duke'sPalace is ancient, but commodious. It has a Towerwhich is look'd upon as a fingular piece of Archi-tefture. The Great Princefs • Piolanteof Bavariais Govcrnefs of Sienna. She liv'd formerly in this
City, and was mightily belov'd in it; but fhe hasrefided for fome time at Florence. The Squarewhich is before the Palace-is oval, and hollow inthe Middle, fo that it maybe laid under-water likethe Square Navona at Rome.
From Sienna to Yiterbo the Rotd is extreme-
ly bad, 1paflcd the Mountain of Radifocanit fituate
in one of the vileft Countries in all Italy. At the
top of the Mountain there's a Caftle, where a Ga-rifon
ThisPrincefcdiedin 1731,at Florent.
43© V I T E R fi Oi
MON-
rifon of fifteen Men is kept, with a ComrïiandingOfficer, whom 1 found at the Houfe of Enter-tainment WhereI alighted. He had been a Lieu-tenant in France in the Royal Italian Regiment,and fpoke very good Frencb. He told me that the
inhabitants under his Govérnment were as bad asthe Country, of which fome Moments after, I fawa Proof. A Mule-driver having a Quarrel withthe Drawer, the latter ftabb'd him with a Knife inthe Rim of the Bdly, with as much Sedatenefsas
if hehad been doing a good AcVion and the Com-mandant never caus'd the Aflaflîn to be apprehend.ed for which when I exprefs'd my Surprize to
him, he faid he had nothing to do out of his Place iand that befideshe did not dare to caufe the Aflaflînto be apprehended, becaufehe had three Brothers as
wicked as himfelf, who wou'd not fail to take a
Revenge if he was punilh'd. And then, faid he»I fliou'd hâve enough to do if I were to caufe ail
to be apprehended who give Wounds with
Knives.
Aquapevdente is a forry little Town,and yeta Metropolis. BoLSENAis no better, and MONTE-
riAscoNE tho' a Bifhoprick, wou'd not be worth
mentioning, were it not for its Vineyards which
produce excellent MufcadineWine.
VITERBO, three Leagues from MoHtejkfceHetfeem'd to me to be a pretty Town. 'Tis adorn'd
with three fine Fountains, and* pavMwith greatFlint Stones which are four foot long and two
foot broad. This City has fome fine Houfes in
it. 'Tis the See of a Bifhop, and its Cathedral is
a Strufture which doesnot want for Grandeur. In
this Church the Archbilhop and Eleétor of Colognwas confecrated by Pope ÈentdiB XIII. who came
hither on purpofe to fave the Eledlor ail manner of
difpute about Precedencywith the Cardinals; who
were in their turn fo difgruntled with the Pope, that
none of them accompany'd him in this Journey.
RÔNCIGLIONE. 43$
JBw/c/ ^/««e I.
MONTE a pretty Town, but 'RONCIGLI-MoroseN ~nretty Town, but RoMcic~-
ONE.outdoèlit; andindeedin ail the Ecc1efiafticalState there is not a pleafanter. It drivesa greatT~e 1n Snuff.1 -camehither yefterdayat Noon,and don't think ofgoing away 'tÍU this
EveningmyChaife being broke. 1 hopehoweverto liethis Night at Ra~e, fromwhence1 parwe to fendYou ~y good Stories fonbwith.~u will dome a P"fure to ïetmehmr fromyou; and to be-
Jieve me in It"~ewhere, Yours,f~c.
HQOKSûf Vgagts, and Travels, îateîy pul>lijh%
printedfer D. Browne, witbout Temple-Bar.
1. /& Collection of Voyages anû Tr aveu fotne now firlt
prieted from original Manufcript»,others now firft
pubiifb'd in Englifliî with a gênera!Préface, giving aa Accountofthe Progreis of Navigation from iu ûtû Bcginning. Illuftra-ted with a great oumber of ufeful Mapi end Cuti curiouflyen-
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n. Mr. LEBnuvN**Tkaveu into Mufctvy, Ferji», and the
E*ft Indus containing an accorate Defcrtption of whatever itrooft remarkablein thofe Countrietj and embelifli'dwith above
jzo Copper-Plate*, reprefentinf the fincft Profpcâs, and rooftconfiderableCities in rhofe Parts; the différent Habirs of tbe
People, the fin^ular and extraordinaryBirds, Fifhej, and Plants,which are to be foond as likewife the Antiquitie* of thoftCoantries, and puticularly the noble Ruinaof the famous Pa-lace of Ptrfifolh, call'd Chtlmbmr by the l'erfians: the wîiole
being delineatedon the Spot from the reipeâive Objeâs. Towhich is added, An Account ot the Joarnev of Mr. Islrants,Embaflàdor from Mufiity, thro' Rujp» and Turtéuy to China:
together with Remarkson the Travcls of Sir Jthn Ckuibt anJMr. Kempftr, «ndaa Letter to theAutboronthat Subjed. Tranl-latedfrom rhe French, with cheorigicalCoppcr-Piacci. In twoVolumes, Folio. Price zl. to t.
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Vol. I,1 F f j«»-
An Alphabetical 1 N D E X
TO THE
Bbef~'es of two Con-
vents, the CeremonyA of marrying them
bytveryy Doge of Venict, 400.Their Drefs, 401.
AgriffÛM, Emprefs of Rome,
2f0.
Ahltn-Cafllt, in the Dutchy of
Ztli; theretreatotthe Duke' s
unfortunate Daughter, 62.
A )X-LA-CHAPELLE,t. 199,3+1.
Albert, Margrave of Bnndtu-
èourg, 81.
Alt'rt I. Emperor, 388.Albert II. Emperor, 388.Aller, R. 6t.
Alpes, for whom thofe Moun-
tains were made, 395.Altena, t. 53,y7. Diftrefi of
the Inhabitants, çS. Privi-
leg'd Place for Bankrupts,
S9-
ALTENaounc, t. 167.
Althûm, Connt and Countet,
»ff, 156.Amelia, Emprefs of Germany,
228 co »jo, &c 344.Amïr.inAÙ. Srulptor, \x&./toiirr». Cardinal of Auflri»,
390.St. AnJrnt't Order of iinfttvy,
76.
FIRST VOLUME.
A Angeio, Michael, his fiying thatceitain Gares wrre good e-
nough for Paradf?, 428.Anhalt-Cothtn, Princeiy, 17;.
Anbalt-Drjftu Leopold, Pr. 37.His Amour and Marria^e, andhis Menacero (hoot his Tutor,
33, 39. His Charaftcr bythc lare D. of Savoy, 39.His Valour, 39, 4.0. His
Government, Si.
Auguflus Lervh, Pr. his Wivesand 1 (Tue,83.
Anhult- Zerbft, M«gJ*len- Au*
g*fi*, Duchefs of 54jr»-Go-
tha, 18t.
Anna-Mtfria's Vtol'n, 415-,Anne, Princefs- Royal of Don-
mark, and Eleârefs-Dowagerof Szxony, 100.
Annt-Frederic*, of Tromnttt.,
83.
Aane-Soph'm-Charlettt, of Pr«/^
fa, Duchefs olSaxe-EyftnMch,
18,.Armunci*tion-Vifl»Tt!, done by
Tïn/ «r« and Titi/ut, 419.
Anspach, 195,104. Sec £r4«<
denbturg.
Anthony Ulrie, D. of Brttnfwic-
LuntnbuTg-Wolftmbuttlt, 6g,
7n 7Î. 75' 79-Anmont'% Statue, 370.
An Alphabetical Index
Anttn'itttt-Amelia of Britnfmic-
PUncktniourg, 72.
AptUtdtrut Staruary, 4*7.JbtlUni», the Singer, 41ç.
^/W, a Merchant ar Leiffic, his
Houfe the Relider.ce of the
K. of PoUnJ.Ss.
Afpennint Moumiins, 41}'.
Aquapendente, f. 430.
Arch-ducbeffts, a; z, 153. 3S1.Archittlturt, the brft Article
that Princes can lay out their
Money in, 10.
jfrtmbcrg, Duke and Duchefs-
Dowjger, 3}*, 333.
Argenfin, M. dr, 355.
Arlington, Counteis of, 67.
Amhtïm, Mat du' de, 40.Arnim, Sigi[m»ni de, 146.Arnould, Se. 166..dWiwr, Princeof #W«, 389.Augsbourg, 27;. lts Com-
puifon with Antwerp, 175.Its chiefTrade, 27f, 276.
AHgufl»,of Saxa-GorhR,Prin-
celjofW'«/«i, 161.
AHgupts III. K. of P»/W, 97,99. His T rave! and Con-versionto l'opery, 101. His
Mariage, io», 16;. His
Love and Duty to hisFather,
104. Hit Eleâion and Co-
Tonation, îoô. His Tutor,
126,^117. His Qjccd, 98.Their Children, go.
AuguftHiWilliam D. of Brxnfm'u-LunenburgWolfembuttlt,69. 7«» 73
Atnuflm-Aïbm, Princeoitruf-fia, ii).
Angu(iut, Emperor, 273.Auiic Ctuneil, at Berlin, 14.
At I^m«m, 244.St. Amftim'sTmtt of the City of
God, 179.
jtM/lri» Hou&.ofwbomitnowconiîftt, 13]. A Wifh rhatit nevermay beextinâ-, 133,lu great Alliance),zjo.
luflrlan Priâtes, ietnirkab!e for
an Air ofGravity, 1 1 1. Their
Pcoplc's Avertion to Ù\cB*b*-
mi*w,22\. The feurvy Pua
of a Fnntb Jefter upon them,
228. Their Epicurifm, 253.Pride, 154. Tljeir Fond-
nc£ for thc Title of Count,
xif·ditsAujir'mn and Larrain Famines
united, »J3, 341.
Auvergne, Princcfles, 33*. 33î-
B.
B Achever,
M. Ch^ncellor of
Saxe GttU, 182.
V*dm Dtdtn, Margrave andMar-
gravine, 21;, 299, 300.
Badea-DturUuh, Cbrijlian,Mar-graveof, 181, »7Q. Charlu.
19;, 196. 298. Margravine,Ï98, 300, 301, jo+.
BuJiani, Count, 244.Babltirg, AJtlphui, Baron of,
184.Baldintuci,Pbilif, the Sculptor,
42b.Btlls of Btbtmî», compar'd
with thofe in the H*y-ii*rket,IX}.
BAMBERG,r. 201, &c. the
mighty Prerogative of its
Bifhop,201.Barbi, t. 82.
Barehh,Margraves.SeeBran-dtnbturg.
Bakeith, t. 104. Princefs,
30;.Baron, the Title purchafid in
Germait) by a Meffcnger,af6.
Bajfet, how a Lady msde herGillant'sFortune at it, îft-
Bafi-VUli, a Gtrman Dukc'sFondneû for 'em, 168, to
171.Bavaria, Elcaors of, 259, i«Sa.
163. Its Dirilion, 167.Riches and Revenues 167,
168.
to the Firft Volume.
Hî z JÙI1
ié8. Ele&orefs, $<$$, 364.1rs Apoftle, 365.
Btmtffîn, M. «V/ Henry de,
104, 127, iï8.
Bmttngzrttn, General, 84.
Btaufort, Marquis de, 135".Benufoire, M. i$\Stimur, Marquis de, his Con-
fpiracy, 409.
Bticbling, M. Chancelier, 91.
Btiebling, Countcft Dowager,141.
BelgrMit, 24.8.
Belvedtrt-Paimct, 4.Btrudkl XIII. Pope, 337, 430.Btnt£Hints, a fort of Republic
form'd in that Order, 190.
Btnfon, William, Eiq; Oireâor
of ihe fine Waterworks at
Hirnhaufin, 67.
Bentivoglio, Cardinal, his Re
mark upon the /3(/>j and the
neighbouring People, 595.
'Bergtnofx.oom, 3)».Berlin, t. 3. Its Obligation
to the Irtncb Refugees, 3. 1rs
A^adeniy, 147.
Xtrn/dorjf, John Harjrtig Erneft,Baron oS 1 55.
Berfchen, t. 394.Beverea, Baron de, $3+, 335.Bevcrn, Brnnfivic Branch, 71
Charles, Prince of, »6, 72Ferdinand- nlbert. Prince oi.
70, 71, 71. Etiz.aittti-C bri
Princefs, 71.Bilind-i, Coont and Countef,
u S.
S'Jl'ifrhk. which the fi ft in
Ge>-CT«Kir,roi.
S/'ïtfe never given by a
certain Gtrraan Kamily, 363Blanc. M. fie, 306Blanche, Mary, Wife to rhe Em-
peror Miiximitian, 389.
BUnckHibûittg, County,g.BLAKCKENliOURtr,t. 76, 78.
Stupidicy uf the Peopie, 7S.
Duke and Du-
chefs,? «,76,78. TheDuke's
Treaty with th: ElL-élorof
Uanover for a Vote and Seac
in the Dyct, 79. His AC-
ccflîon to theTitle ofthe D.
of Wtlfembutt! 80.
BUnckrnbàm ManJtrfielJtFrancis George, Count de,
3H.lïoektnheim, t. 340.Ethtmi», no, m, &c. 144.
Whc:e and by whom its
Kings and Qurtns are confe-
crated, m. Its Saints, ib.
The Wealth and Grandeur of
its Nobility, and the Povertyand Slavery of the Pc.iûnts,
218, 119, 121. Its States,of whom compos'd, 212.Their Avetfioa to theJufiri»«m, 212.
Btlagnos, Count de, 397.Bolegna, John, 417.lioLOOTJA,t. 41}, 4X4.SioLsANO. t, 392.
Belfen».t. 430.Bork, the trHjJian Miniftcr and
General, J i 41.Itift, Countcfs of, I4f.BoJJagtio,t. 394.Ilot, the Arctiireft, top 18.
("ompar'd to Jltrnini, 94.,Sothmar, Couvtde, tif..Bouillon, Princes, whyihcy had
rh Title of Domefiic High-niTes, tlo.
Bourbonand Atijïri», Houfëî.ourAuthor's Wifli tint theymii;ht never be extincV, 233.
Hnurècn, Duclielsof, 310, 331.
Uourg, Marlllïi de, 306, 307.Srarn/enéourg, Elcttors ot", Jt'
achim 11. ijj6. J»bn Gtorge,104.
BrandttiboHrg, Ltvis, Margraveof, jhy.
Br*n«tnbourgAnjptch, Mit'
graves, (^-r. of, 193, &c. 195.
An Alphabetical Index
)6i. Margraviat 194. HerPrêtent to our Author, 197.Deatb in this Family pre-tended to be always foretoldby theAppearanceof a Spirit,196.
BrtnJenbtitrg Ssrtith Mar-graves, 200, &g. 205, 8cc.
“ 5*3. 3*Brandenbourg, t. i.
Brandtnhurg SchwiJt, Marquisof, 26. MargiavineDowager,I2f.
Bwdjltin, Frtitric-Auguflm de,14c.
Brtbentau,Mademoifeîlede.i16,"57-
JBrebtntau,tbe Palatine ot Ma-rienianrg, 163
Bnittniimck, Htnry• Jugafintde, t 46.
Bremtr, M. de, 195.Brnntr, Mountain, 391,392.BrtjUu, the Road from it to
Btrlm, 1.
ButenvUlitri, Marquis,Reflec-tion on hts Memoirs, 337.
Brtzt, Marihalde, 321.Brhousel, t. 1 8.
Brimfttm, prefcrib'dto the j4m-
JirUns by a Trntb JeBer,118.
Brixen, t. 391, 394.Bricks,a Hnmburghtr and Poet,
Si-Brou, M.oe, 306.
Brnhl.John andH«rr de, 104,,
129, i%o, 131, 132, 140.Adtlfhut de. 1 40- Baronde,
«74. >77-Bru -/fie Hnnetiir, Jùhn-trtitrh,
Duke of. 219..(i
Brmfmt Famiiy,jfy. 69. 71.The Princesdefeended from
H. Hl-Bbuhsvic, t. 69, 7f.BrmnfVJc-BUncktnbeurg,Ltv'u
ttJtlf, Dukeof, 70, 131.
Brunfwu Lmntnbmrg W»lftm-buttU, Duke of. 131
Bnctnt*ur, a fine VenctianGal-
'ey, J99» 4°7-Bm/««,Baronde, 6f, 66. Ba-
rooefs, 66.
Burgam, Cbtrlts, Margraveof,!9°.
Burgundy,Chtrlti the Bold,Duke of, 389. Tbilif Duke,389.
Buthltr, Cmflunt'm, Baron of,
t84.
C.
f^Ab'mtt Minifttrs, their Pre-
C cedence at the
their Pre.
cedence at the Court of
Sruff», 134.ccieli Anttnù, Paioter, 414.
Cndttsjicddtmiis, 48.Ctfar'iVfu withP#»/«y,painted,
C*lltnbtrg,AMgHflM'HnryGitt-CH~M~<~«~ou-N«ny CM*
Ui, Count de, 145.C*mkt, Madamede, 2f.C*mki, Melfieurtde, 44.Cm^(, afamousPsinter, »6i.Csrintbim,Htmjf Duke of, 387.C*rlowitt.,Jibn-Gttrgt de, 147.
Treaty, z38.Cahlsbad, t. ao8,8cc. Virtue
of its Bathf, ii.
Carlsrouhe, t. 393.
Ctnlint, Princeft of SMxt-Sj/fi-tuub, iif.-
Ca/ftl, ùcHeffe.C*fitl, Count de, 195.CiflilUneellt, t. 419.Cétfch,M. a MinjftcroitmJJU,
f. 17. 4Î-CMKtnilltnbigtn,upperCounty,
3S7-Cbaint. that bound St. Fmm>,St.
P««/, and St. J'oAn, threeLinks of them, 198.
Chéliikf,M. 37.Charhmtin'sCrown and Sword,
199. ChtrUs, Margrave of
Burgau, 390. Chtrltt II.o
K.
to the Firft Volume.
« 3 Au-
K. of Sp»h, j87. CharlesIV. Empîior, 387.
Charles V. Einpsror, 381, 387,+ZJ..
CharlesVI. Emperor, 70, 230,3+i. His Diverfions, 133HisFriendflVpand Gratitude,2J<i. His Love for ihc Em-pref», 1 fj, Remarks on hisCoronation,341.
Charles CbriJlUa, Prince oftrHJji»,115.
Charlts, K.of Strjini», jjy.CharlesXII. K. aïSveien, 55,
f6, 12}, 12*.Charles,PrincePihtineof Sultz-
i*ck, 3jx.Chtrlu, the Bold,Dukeof B«r-
<«»^, Î89.Cimrlti-Albtn, Eleâor of B«.
*•«"«, »Ç9 t62, 163. HisEkttor>-ls, 263.
Charles- Lmit, Eleâor Palatine,274, 34a, î8i, 583. Pi,7/fditto, ji8, î3o, 331. HisRevenues,3^7.
CiirUtttmturg Houfe, Jj.ChUi-burUgy afcrib'd to the
Miraclesof the two BehemU»Sainrs, ai}, 214.
CbrijlUn, Margraveoi Brtndm-burg-Burnth, 200.
ChriftUnhrmïs, Margrave of
Brtndmburg, 18. Vlric,Duke of Wirtemttrg-Oels,and Btnft»J, 83. William,of StxiGoth», Prince, 181.
CbriJliaM-Lauif»,of Oetmgtn,DacheûotBlanckinèturg, 70
Cbriflina,Princefsof S»xiWii/-fiifrls. 114, 1 if.
Cbrifftfbtr, St. where moft
worftiipped,394.Cietront, the Meaning of that
Word in /«/ 395.Cinfiuntu, Count de, 144.Cltilhiim, 37;.Cti/cHf Bittle, 163.
Clovis, K. of France, 383.
Coburg, t. 100.
C.thorn, Engincer, 328.Cohten, t. 83.Ctf/iu, Altx»nitr, Statuary, 386.Cdljémdt, Count, 220.
Colhniiz., the Count and the
Cardinal, 1+8, 24g.CtllowTAt, Count and Countefs,
133, 143.
Complimenter!, naulcous, 199.Ctnde, Princefs of, 344.
Cenftrtncts, Counfcllors of, 240,244-
CciftMnce,Couneil of, 1 339.
Coquets, in Fenict, the Place oftheir R.endtivou<, 41J.
C«t^m, lQind, 408.Ctrntre Family's Tomb, 404,.
Ctftl, Countefs of. Miltrels of
the late K. of PoUnH,90, r 1
117, 118, 120, 124. HerMenaces againft him, 118.Count, ht, 136. Her
Daughter, 142.Cê/mt I. Dukeut flortntt, 426,
4*7Ctfin,Count de, toi, 123.Ctutti of the En)pire, tbeir Pre.
heminener, 287.CourUnd, Duchefs Dowager,
200.Crnut, his furprifing Rife from
behind the Compter to th«
Mmiftry,4.
Creutx., M. de, Vrujpa* Mini-fter, s, 4f
C'eutztr, Coin, 178.Cr»Jftn,t.1.
Ctdmbacb BrgnJnburg, Mar-graviate, 204. Gitrgt-Wre-dtric-Charlei, tbe Margrave,»o;. His Family and Reve-nues, 204, &c. 208.
Cuutgonda,Emprefs,herTomb,201, }87.
Cap, which Jtftpb put in Be»-
jêmm'tS»ck the Reafonour
An AlphabeticalIndexAotbor had to remcmber
that Paffage, 104.
Cuflomi, x remarkàble Attach-
ment to old ones, 78, 79.
CyprUaus, Dr. 179.
Cyprui, Csrnaro, Q. of, 406.Ciutrtmhx., yo.
DAinnitx.,
M. de, Grand
,L/ Marflîal of SaxeGptba,1 cii. '
DancAtlman, Baron de, 15.He prophéties his owa Fate,16.
Dtngtrvillien, M. 306, J07.
Dsmnthirg, Henry de, 71.Danebrcek Order, 74.
D»ntx.\c\t, t. mvdted, 107. Re-
duc'd, to8, 109.Tifitnbc, R. 278.
Earm(lêdt,ï. iyf. Landgraves.
3f7, 36»-Vaun, Count and Marlhal de,
24.6, ^70.
J>tginfdit ($ch$mberg)Count de,
Ï4l» Î4Ï-Z)f<r«, Count de, 7», 7J. A
vrry fine Danccr, as well as
Miniller of State, 74.
T>ej*uir*'f, Story piimcd, 383.J^7t, Countel'sof, 66.
Dtnhojf, Graera!, y.
Diomari, Q. of, ïo8. The
Prince Royal, 10S.
X>rvw, Tapeftry-maker at 2îr»/-
fils, ij6.
DUttrichfttin, Count, 147.
DebtrgMiky, M. 35.
plga ot Vtaitt, their Maniageof the Sea, and of the Ab-
befiei cf two Convenu, 399,
400.Xhbnm, Count de, 6.
Dtrffling, a Taylor, bis Rire to
be a General in the Army,»*•
Dtrotbta-Sipbi»,Princefs of
frujp*, 19,
D.
Dtrubj, EleâreTs of Brandi»-
burg, 19.DRESDEN,t. 87, 157, &c.
Drinkinghard, in Gtrmnny, ourAuthor'shumourous Accounthow u affeâed him, 184,187, ta ipo, 104, 325, to
3x7. Where he reckons itan iofeparablePunition of theEccleluftkal Courts, 204..
Duhamel, Francis, General, 7,411 HisLady, 411.
Duvaine, General, >Durai, a fimous Soop-maker,
fô.
~A.f-Friefand,Grorge-~l·
EJJ! Vritfand,George Ai-
t-crl^Prince OÎ, 208.Eit/, Gf'jtril. iqj.
EhiftJ'l, Jsbn (Siorgede, 14;.hrhj^M, Curt ne, 144. His
i/uiy, 14+.tinfudtl Dater, Henryde, 146.
tlmitor», Emprefs, 140, ^81.Eieoncra,Princefs of Htubourg,
130.Eleonem-ThiliptiM,Princefs of
Htjfi Rhinftls, 332.FMiaèeth, Emprefso(Girm*ny,131, 8cc. Her Abjurationof
the Lutbtran Religion, 23t.ElizaietbSepbi» of Br*nden-
bourg, Duchefs Dowager of
CourUnJ, zoo.
ElizAbetb-CbriftiuMof Oetingta,Duchcfs cf BUttcktnbturg,
76.Elvsn.t. 378.EtiMnmel,Princeof &n>«jr,138.EmigrMMt,of S*ltx.hurg, 375-,
376.Emfertri of Germai* the Ce-
remooy of their Audiences,21f. Their Dining, taç.Suppers,ai 7. Pifturcs, 3 70.
Emprejfei,the Refpeâ paid totheai, »i8 to a jo, (ce.
fa*-
to the Firft Volume.
Emfrefs Dowager, 129.
Etfarultr. the Archited-, 10.
Erdm*nfJorjf, Ernejl-Ferdintndde, 144..
Erfurt, t. 1 78.Erlangen, Cbrifiinn, t. 100.
Bmt]l-A»guft*>, the firft Elcc-
tor of ««oeftr, 63,67. How
he obtain'd that Dignity,68.
trnefi, ArchDuke, and his
Wife, 389.
Zrntji-Augujlus, Dukeof&m-
Wtimar, 173.£rw/2 the P««m, Duke of Go-
/m, 178.
Cliquette, in fotcign Courts,
whsr, 11+.
ttlingtn, t. 303.
Zversberg, t. 364.
Eugtiit ot 54t«y, Prince, his
Palace. 23a. HisCharaaer,
237, 141. His Régiment of
Dragoons, 137. His Sick
nefs, Oeith. and Intermenr,
158. His Etnployments and
Eftate, 2}3, 240. His laft
Will, 259. His Library, 131).His Nephew, 159.
Exctlltnc/, the Vtntt'umi Fond-
nefs for theTitls, 410, 421.
Eysen'ach, t. 1S3. Scc^jc*.
T~.A<XM,t H<rM~Ltdy, 11t f,FAtimê,a T*rki(k Lady,1 1 f,J[< 116.Tavonrit», the Empcror's Pa-
hce, 134.T»mftin»,the Singer,411FtrieUin,t 50.FerdinandI. <frMidic'u,427.ItrdiiMHd,K. of Co/i/i», 387.Firdinatd, K.. of ihe K»w««,
}8i.FtrdinmndI. Emperor, 385,
387. Hie Son'sTomb, 389,and Wite, 390.
Uriintnd-Albm, D. ofBnnf-vic-Luntnitwrg and Btvtrn
F.
70,71,7». His Merit and
Preferment, 72.Ferdinand Mary, EîeSor of B«-
vari*, 15g His Wifir, 260.
Ferdinand, Duke of Bavarh,
263, 264 His Duchefs, 263.Ferrara, t. 423.
Fine^, of Fincktnfiein, Counr,
15.
Fierenzila, r. 415.Ferrtti*n, Barons of, 367.
Fïjlnrmin, at Venice,their Elec-
tion ot their Doge or Chief,
402.Fiix.luhm, Count de, 91, 141.
His Daughrer, 1 ço.
Fleming, James- Count
de, l'rimeMinifter of Toi ami,
73,74,89, 90,91, ioj, 115-,
14+, ij2, 155-, 162. HisReaiTm for emp'oying Fo*
reigners before Saxons, \y;.The Origin of his Familyand his éducation, 162- His
Pa-fcrmeiusfrom firll to hft,i6i,&c. His Marrijge andlis DucIf, 163. 16c. His
Omduct with rcjtird ro Pat-
trtl, 164. His Eftjte, i6f,166. His gênerai Charafter,166.
Fleming, Madcnioiftlle de, u6.
Fleury, ivlarquisdr, 13$-. Car-
dinal de, 141
Flohence, t. 4.1f.
Fobfen.Mademoifclle de, 3?.Forùenim, how hc l'ived the Life
of the Elcâor of Branden-
tourg, ci.
Forée, Marp.nl de, 3.11.Forchs, the Starojt afûlTinatcd,
•ff-
Fr*nifîrt, on the Rhine, 340.Privilège ofthofe herccalledRcfidcnis, 342.
Francfort, on the OJer, 1. 1.
Francis I. K. of France, his fo-ie m Affirmation, zij.
Irmnni», Duke, 18;, 191.tf+ + Fr4«-
An Alphabctical Index
fr*n\inbtrg. Baron de, t'56.Frankenimhi., c. 358.FrtHtnjUd, tàiV\e, t6%,Frédéric, of Jtuftri», nick-nam'd
rhe Fennylefi Prince, $Sc,386, j.83.
Titdenc, Eleâor Palatine. whowas chofc K. of Bohemit,110.
Frédéric IV. F.mperor, jS?,388. His Mother,'î8p.
Frédéric, Eleûoral Prince of
Saxony, 99, 11t.
Frédéric II. Duke of Getba, 180,181. III. theprefcnrDuk'?,iS 1,182. His Brothrr »W-
lia»r, 1R1. Hit other 8rothe~'
and Siflers, and bis Revenues
and Guard;, Sec. 182.
Wnitric-AugiiQus II. K. of Po-
laml, ç+, 10t. His Nstivityca'cu'atfd at Ven'ut, 9;, $6.His Dcath, 96. His Queen,and her Death, 97. His
Change of Re'igioo, too.
The Method he took to con-
verth'sSon, 101. His Na-
tural Iffur, iif, Sec. Hit
Generofi-y, 164.Fsederic IV. K- of DtnmarVt
CompaflTton to the Altnais,
f 8, çg. Hit Queen's Retire-
ment, 59. His giving Au-
dience to the Senate at Bo-
Ugn», 41 j, 416.Trtdiru, the Fuir, %\o.Frtdsric -William, Eleaor of
t Br*ndinbmrg, his Statue, 9.His rcmarkable Speech to his
SoMiers, $0. His iJaughter,100.
Vreicrit I. K. of Vttijfit, his
Srarue, 8, 297.tndtùe. Prince Royal of Pruf-
fa, z r.J~fftt sophia, Princefs of
Pruffi», 2f. 16.
Tridtrict-Lti/ifa, Ptincefs of
PthJP: 26. OfSMxi-Gctks,Princefs, 1S1.
FrtdtricifilJ, Hoafe, 27.*Fritittrg, Baronde, 61.
FrieJUnd,Henry-Frtdtric,Conntof. 113, IJ9, 14*.
Friftni, an Architeâ, 288,190.Fucbi, Baronde, the PruJ/ît*
Minifkr, 4, 19, 41.Fuchi, Countcftde, 2fi.Fugger.Maximitiit»,Count, 266.
His generuus Entertainmentof the Emperor Ch»rlts V.
176.Fubl, de, Great Marfhal,go.Fuloe, t. 184. Magnificence
of its Abbot, 1 84.Ff/lii/liMU,Convent, 380.Furfttmttrg, Prince, 16/. Car-
dinal. 315.Furfîtnftldt, Abbey, 271, 273.
G.
(~*Al*, Days of, what, t26,V,T217,*28.
G»l**t, Jtlm Duke of MiUn,389
Gallafcb,Count de, 211Gérdmm, the bcû in a!!Gir-
m**y, 8f.Gtnmat, Chrifl'i, a Relique of
it, 198.Ctfitn, John, Great Duke of
Tufiany, 418.Gatis, thought by Mitbul An-
gtU to bc good enough for
Paradife,418.GttnbUttrt, Abbot of, hit fole
Privilège of celebratingMaftbootedandrpjrr'd, 191.
Gtmming, Baronde, 208.QmtltMM, two Frntb Kirgs
fondof the Title, 21c.George I. K. of Grtst- Bri si»,
his Wife, 61, 6t. Hi Àd-miniftration, 61, 64, 68.
George11. King, 64, 6c,.GeergeWillumt Mar^rare of
BrunitnbiHri-tmtiib, iQf.
Gltrgt
to theFirft W.'uine.
Cutgi (St.) /obefsof, 2iz.Order B*va Un, 260.
Gitrge I. Lardgrave of D*rm-
ft»d> 357Gtrrju* L nguige, irs Excel-
leocjr. "3, 195. Vanity ofthe Ge m»ns, 198.
Cn-yS1,tic trtmb ArnbaflÀdor,397-
Gtrfne* Phyfician, 368.Qtrjlirf, GttloiFrtdtric, Baron
d' 47.GtttruJt, k Mwetm*» Lady,
Hiftory of her. an enter-
taining Novd, 343, <J»e.Iw
Key, 35^.GiUm(Sf.) Countde, 92.G/«/jManufaaureoff«nw«,4io.G/*m, Jtbn-ïrtitric Couot de,
wk or Gold, the Pleafurewith whiciiour Authordr»nkout of it| *n<thow hewifb'dto carry it oit, 204.
GiJfrty of Bê*iU<M.K. of7»-mfêUm, 383.
Gtbrn, Baronde, 45.Gtrtx. (Htnry) Baron de, f4.
Hit famout Copper Coin,
;6. Hii Esecution, $7.G#f/t, thc HamvirU», 6*.G#<i»4.fee$«x«,and frtitric, and
Eru#/I.Gotha, ». 178. Its Duka,
178, 17p. &c. Ducheifet,181. The noble Libraryhere. 179. Their Revenues,182.
GrMvtuitx., Count de, 284,»8y. 286.
Gravtnitx.,Countefsde, Miftrefiof the D. of Wirtimbvg,279, 28a, to 284.
Gravit/, au Air peculiarto the
jMftrUn Princes, ni.
Grtfb, the Value of that Coin,
8j.-îGrumkâH,the truflimnMinifter.
f- 3'i 43-
Grunittrg, the Architefl, 6.
Guide, a remarkablc one thitwas blind, 277.
GhùUs, the Name given to themin Italy, 30^
GulJtnfttin Huguetan, Count
de, 3^.GimAuktr JiStanmbtrg, Counr,
241.
GufinvHs-Aiol^bus, 279, 274.
H.
H,A*e
M. de. 46.
J*l R<t~M, Barun de, 7S.101.
Haguenau, 381, t.
H*llt the largeft next to Wejl-
minfitr, 215-.H«i<«, t. 82, 377, 380. Uni-
verfity, 8ç.
HAMBURbH,t. 51, 199. Itl
Difpute with Dnmnrk, 52.Its Opera, 52. Its Mob, 54.Vindication of iti Citùenifrom the Charge of Crueltyto the Altttuit, f8. Their
Refpc4 to thejf«i, si, 19.ll»milen,t. 68.Hmm, Count of, 3J9, 361,
362.Hun»», CburUtté-Chrlflh* of,
3*9-HANAU,t. 360. 362.Hahover, 63, 68. R$m*n Ca-
tholicst hère,63. Revenuesof the Eleftorate, 68.Eleaorefi of, 343, 344.
Harbouro,f 60, 68.
totrdnhrg, M. GraïkdMarfiialof Hantvtr, 64, 6f.
HttrUy, M. de. 306.Harrtuh, Count de, 24a, 367,
368, 371.Httttffi, Minifterscompu'd to
Uuvth and Bsrhjûux, 6f ,66.HuxfitU, £gmmtCount, 33;.UMgwUx., Jthn-Jkltbm de,
142.142.HSIDEL*
An Alphabetical Index
Heidei.bero, t. 311, 311. Its
Decay to what owiog, }*j.Its famousTun,324.
Heilértn, J7f.·Htnrittti-BentJiftïot, the Prin-
cefs Ptlatint, 229.
htnry Il. Emperor, his Tomb,*OÏ.
Htnry IV. Emperor, the pom-
pousInterment be wifli'd bis
Epernics, 168.
HtiiryIII. K. of franc», 30p.Htnry IV. K. of Franet, bis
Ambition to be called thefirft Gentleman in hit King-dom, ai;.
HtrtnkM*fmPalace,67.
Htrftri Abbejr, tj.
Htring, M. de,Vice-Chancenorof SêxtGothê, 177, 181.
Hnmîtâgt, a Seat near Bâriltb,
207.Htr&M, M*ximiÎM»Count de,
14.6.Hf/for, M.de, 108.
H#/« Princes, 357.
HtjffCmffel, FhMf the Land-
grave of, 357, 362.
Htft-D*rmJ!aJt, Ernefi-LewitLandgrave of, 357. HisWife. 3; 8. His Son andhisWife, 3f9. Hit Revenuesand Troops,3<5o.
Htjfe-Rbirifeu,Pfincefsof, jja.Hudtfhiim, Baron, 33c.Hothfltt Battle,2a».
Hoffmun.Profeflbrof Phyfic atM//f, 20S.
Hobinle,Countde, 353.helpin-Btck, UwûFreJtrie Pr.
of, ifo.« "–Cbm>lu~lems Pr.
of, 120, 150. Derotbj,Prin-ccfs of, 105.
Houtte», Chtlfttfhtr-frmth de,Pr. and Bp. of W'Hrtx.bntrgbt185.
ftym, Count de, 91, 01, 117,118. Hit Citâlkophe, ijû,•37-
H«^/rf (St) his Ltgacy, 190.Noted for killingRats, 196.
HUBERTSBOURCH,86, 10),U7-
/fo/î, 7«A»,3; 9.the Remains of 'em,
116.
I
JXAttbi,
the Statuary,o.} Jtequtltt, M. if.
Janfm, Cardinal, 315-,7#»/, the Refpeâ (bewedthem
at Hambwg, f$, 59. Nottoléra;ed at Anfftcb, and
why, ij8. Their Puntfti-ment for crucifying an In-fant of ChriftianParenrs on
Cbrifimtfi -iay, 116. Vaftnumber of 'em in BohtmU,116. and the tsl*ti»*t$,
357-ugnt Baron, TrujfuinMinifter,
31» 4«-Iltn, Mrflieurs de, of Htuuvn,
66,67./«a River, 364, 379, 380.tatFRUC,t. 3S0.Junaf Caftillt, 387.7#Ws (St.) Village in Tircl,
378.7<n&»(Se) of ytr*fiUm, Ktf.
of, 28.
7«*» (St.) Ntpt muent, 212,
113.7«A»-£rw*/?ABp.of SàltxAturg,
jÀn-Aiolfbut of Saxt-lVtiffm-filt, 99, 1 14.
y«hn-Gt»rg»\. Eleâor of &us
»»y, 114.
Jtbh-Gtatgt III. E'eâor.ofStxony,94.
jfobn-GnrgtlV. Eleâor, 94.John-Augufiui of Ssxt-Gttbs,
Pr. 182.
1 Adolfhus,ditto, 18s.
7«*»-
to the Firft Volume.
John William, D. of Saxi-Eifi-uacb, i8j. Eleâor Palatine,
3*4. 3i8-fanas, the MÎlGrenad;er,35.Joftfb, Emperor, 17+.ljer R. 258.Ijfelbacb, General, 336.Judas" s Lanthorato be feen in
two Places,81.Ixter, Barondc, 298.
KAltfltm,
Baron de, if.K*m-MHflttph», Grand
V.ikr, 24.7, 148.Kf.hl, t. jof.Kendul,Dachcfs, 66.KiverhttUer, Councde, 246.Keyjtrimg Hermtmu Chutitt,
»54-Kilmanfeck,Midamede,67.Kutïbtrg, Bironde, tçf.Kinski,Coun:s, 1^4, 120, m,
*4+-Kimkl,Countcfsof, 1y4.
Klinx.dc Mademoisellede, fr.Kaiphnuftn,Baron, the VrHJfmn
Minifter, JL44.Kalterfiwtx.,Countefs, 148.Konickel,Countde, 381Xw'gf'ggyCount de, 147, 139,
14.1, 14). His Marriage,143. HiiNcphew, 143, 144.
KtnigfitrnCaftle, 87.
Koniitgfmêrk,Aunr» Countefsof, 115.
XuenbtsurghCount de, 37).Kundtbl, t. 370.Kurtx.rok,Baron, 74.
LAH*ntiui's
Works, 170.Wîm, Venttinn,in Masks,
pick'4 up by our Author,411, and himfelf pick'J upby a Lady in Diftrefs whofcnewhim, 416.
Lttliptii, King, 388.
K
L. a
lagnafeo, Count, and Jtftpb*Countefsof, iji, i^i, 1^7,ISS.
Landau,». 313.
Lands, how entail'd, and howfecur'din Behemia,s r 8, s r 9.
Ltrks,where they raoftabouod,
85.Laxtmbturg, the Emp:ror's Pa-
lace, 134.Leibnitx.,the Philofopher, ij-6.Ltint,r. 63.Leipsick, t. 8j. Why'tis called
the Jewel of Saxon?,84. lisFairs frequented by a greatnumber of PrincesandPriu-
ceffes,$}.Ltnftnt, M.Authorof theCoun-
cil ofCw»/î«8«, 15.iMptld of AuftrU, furnam'dtbe
V'muêut, 388.Lwftld, Arcbduke, a 10.
Emperor, 230.Bp. of S*hzfourgb, bis
Houfhold and his Revenues,
367. 375. Why comparedto PopeSixtmsV. 367.
Ltvttu Women, their greatConfinement witbin doors,rz.
Ltuènitz, Charles,14ai,««>/jVI. Landgraveof Darm-
ftai,V7-Ltmiy the Hereditary Prince,
3f9't#w« of BavarU, Emperor,
a6o, 387.of BaJtn, Pr. 199, 303.
Erne/? of Sax$Gotha, P.182.
<fa Sf*ere, Duke of B«-varia, his Murd^r of bisMinifter and biu Wife, 271.HisRepentance, 17;.
Rodtlph, D. of Brtinfvit-luntnbiêrg, and BUncktn-
ttutg, 70, 231.-Margrave of Brtmdtnburg,
.7. 1.11'
An AlphabeticalIndexton, XV. K. of rranct, his
Marriage, 504, 309. Car-dinal Rahto's Speccliesuponif, jio, ai j.
I,ichit»fltinPalace,136.t'uHUtuttuof thc Policeat PjWm,
*4<5.
Un»ngt,M*ry-Chrifim»-¥*licit»,Countcû oi; her Husbands,
18}.lintr, M»uru*-Cb*rlt$, Count
de, 14).Lint* f. 258.Vfski, Jobn-AUxênivr, Bp. of
Crscrm, 149.Jjtbkrmitx.,Pr.and Priocefi,342-LtJrio, Couotiof, {65, 37J.l*ftt, Generalde, 30.ttrrtin, Tr*nti$ Duke of. his
Marriageto the Arcbducbefi,
253. H«-f “CÙrlu.Vt. 1J9, 381.Ltjtijii'm, Eltuur» Cauateftof,
si.Itvtl, Barondf.kill'd in 1 Duel
wirh Count fUmmhtg, 16).lêvtflti», Princcfs, ^42.leuif» Dtrtlhté Duchefi of
StxlGub», 181.lemv0b, Marquifi, \o6.Uvndabl, mUtm»r Baron of,
121. Hit Service to fix
Kinei. izi. His Wnrejand
IiTue, 11a. Hi«Son W*U*-mar, 112, 139.
liwinitx,, Hrnry • RêJtlfbdt
SchtnfitU.Lord of, 14$.Ihbtmirtki-Thirejn Elcûorefc
PaUtiai, 330.Luiominki, Madamede, Rival
to Fêlimt • Turkifh Lady,Miftrcfi to the Ute K. of F»Uni, 116, 117.
%Mbam'trM,Gttrtt-Iin*tim Pr.of, iço, iji.
Lttd*. Couotdf,hiiwife Reafonfor marrying a Tradeûnao'i
Dautfhrer,4fLudm&burx t. 179, 187.
Lunenburo r. 68.
LuMnhurg-ZtUandLu»t»iur£-Hontvtr Familiesunited, 61.
Luther, Martin, bis reiôlute Ex-
preA'ionwhen difluadedto goto the Dyet, 33c.
Lutzilbiurg, AnthtnyCountde.1*3.
M.
MAgMtnrgDuchy yielded
to rhe Houfeof Sr««-
àtttbtuTg, 80. Charaâcr ofit, 81.
Magdebouro t. 48, 80.Mëintntn, Madamede, Miflreû
of Uwit XIV. her Fortunetold bj a Mifoo,96.
M*kh»mHoufenear £«f//n, 19.M»ngtr, a Relique of our S*-
viour'i, 198.Manhiim t. 327.
Ututiuftl, Enufi Count de,M4
W<rf*,Julwi-A*gnjlus, Countde Ja 334,337.
Marcmm» Lady, the Hiftoryof one,344, <j^.
Mmrgmrttof 3yr»/furnamMfi»
f iwi, and oicknam'd W^»-
À/«w*.387.M*ri»-Amt$Otrtl'n* of Mnr-
^»r/A 163.UnrU-hUgiun», Archducbcû,
133,381.biarU nlixjtbttb*, Archducbefi
and Governeû of the Nithir-Undt, 233.
MtrU-AmtllMPrincefi ofPruf-fi», 113-
MmrU-AwitS*pbi* Princeû of
Prufii», 113.U»rU-f»fifb»Priocefcof Pr«j/C
yK»,113.Jl/«ri« Tbtrtfa Archducheû,
13a, &c. Her Marriage tothcD of Ltrrû», 233.
M*rU-?*f*fb»Q.ofrtlMtd.9*,10a, 110, UI, 112.
itariê.
to the Firft Volume.
UarU.Annt-Viïiori» of B*v».ria. 309.
tdmri*Emprefs ofGirmimj, berilluftrio'jsRelations,2fo,j88.
M*rUAdtUii$ of Stviy, a6o,268.
Maria-Gefciatiri Q: of F.r«Mt,
J04, }Op.Mmrk'i, St. Feftival, how cele-
bratedat Vtnitt, 401.MarrUgeof the Sea, 399, 400.MérrUgi of Princes how li-
mited by the Laws of Ger-
m*ny, 60, 552. A Princefs
charg'd with abu6ng thatSacrament of the Church of
Rtmt, 10».Mtrtinitx,, Count of, ï < 211M»fqn*r*Jtsat Vtniet, 412.M«/5,bywhom aloneccl.brated
with BootsandSpurson, 192.l/Utthun Emperor of GmtMf,
210.
Msuiriffm, Abhefsof, 344.èiAurict, tfillhm, Pr. of S»x$-
Ztits, 99.'Eleftor of S»x*iy,381.
Count of S»x$m,115.– – of S»x*-GMh*Pr. 18a.MêximilUn, Emperor, 385,
388. His Statue, 386. Wife,
388, 389. His Daughter,389. Father-in-law, 389.
M»ximilU*-Em*»iMl,EkOorofB»v»rU, tôt, 163.268, 174.»78. 379. 3«*- 7^* theEleâoral Pr. 263.
Milndtn, M. de, the truJpMMinifter,41.
Meu?en t. 86.
WW-uii.M.6f.Men*rJ, Pflident, 317.Mntx., Lùthérùu Frsneii le
SehtnbtmEieftor, 201, 103,310,321,1.38 HUSeverttyYto Robbers, 20t.
Htrcy, Count de, 244. Hit De-
feat,3O;.·
MtRsEsouBot. 167,163. IttDukes Fondoefs for Bafs-Viols, i(58, 170, 171. HitDuchcfs, 169.
MssTRE.r.394, 395.Mttfih, Countde, 54, 141, 445.à~ilo-feRain saxony,8+.MUkof our Lady, a Wioe fi»
called, 339.Miltitz, General, AUxmmdtr
dt, 78, 100, 105, 107,360.
Minek-mitK,Cb*rltt-CbriflhMie,• 46.
Mirsclts afcrib'd to the twoSaintsof BehimU,a 13, a 14.
Mijfon, M*ximilUn, et lucizèi,
308, 391.M0S1of AmfiirtUm and H*m-
bwrgcompar'd, 54.Mece*ii»-Jl*ifîo,Doge ofVnite,
399.Mm&im,K*a«*/ /£/# Duke of,
130,l&Auri, Count de, iff.MtlflHÎmt. 3 if.IlmcUt, Baronde, 306.MontbijiuPalace, 3.MoNTEFlASCONE t. 43 O.
MONTEROSO430.M*»t+S*n8g,Count of, 144.idcHtmtrtncy,Fnnuit Count de,
1fa. Hi«Countefi, 1j-ï.
M#f«vt*,ywSwMargrive0^387.hitfcbimki,Anthwf, Count andM»/«, a Pièceof his Rx»ck,}96.
Countefs, 117,110, 142.Idotum, Mademoifelle,243.Utmntfhêfimt, a fine Seat near
Htntvtr, 67.Uutblbirg, the ftrone Llnet
caft up there by the Prince ofBtvtrt», 7*.
iéuncbtufeM,M. 6f, 77.Nhmcbtnimrgt. a.Munichr. a$8, »68, 363.Uufrtvf, Jmu Czarina of, her
Marriage, aoo.N.
An Alphabetical Index
N. his
NJJp$u-TrUJl»nJtPnace,
his
untimely end, «97. Hit
J)aughter, who is Sifter tothe Pr. ofOrang», 197.
Ni^im, 7/^m», Pr. 169.Weiïbturg, Count, Jjtf.
Onfingtn Princefs, 34».Nativititi, Cjlculators of 'cm
refuted, 341.JU»ttmir, Marflul dr, 33, 40.Naumbourg,t. 171, 17t.Ntit/eb, Mademoisellede, 147.Ntftmuttni {St.)Jtbn, 11*, to
aij.Htfftlni, Count de, 534.Utnkirtb,B*nj*min,a Poet, 19J.NEUSTADT,t. *oo.Nictltttl, Fifliermeti at Tmlre
fo call'd, their Eleâion of a
Doge of their own, 40a.]Higbti*i»lti, a Multitude of
'em, 86.
Ntèiiitj at r«i»/«, the Purcbafeof ir, 42c.
NtytlUi, Couot de, 15z.Nuremberg, t. 196, 197. Its
Government compard to theVtnttUn, 197.
Nymphenbouko Palace, z62,170. 271-
OCc* tbe Antiqoarf, 179.Oitr, Rirer, 2.Ottmgtn, t. 80. Princelfes,70,
76, jji.Ov^f», Baronde, îjf.Olbrtuft, Madamoifellede, 60,
6s. Her Daughter, tfa.OrrEHHEIM. t. 340.
OrMttj»6mrf,t. 49.OrdtrtofKnigbthatJ, tbePr*J/î*t$,
19. The B*vari»n, »6o. OfSt. Huiirt, )7).
OrUnns, Duke of, 143, 306.Ducbefi, 274, 303, 304,310.
Orfilsim, AantCountefiof, 119,i/o.
N.
O.
Oj^w, GofmM-Danul,the Pain*
ter, 364.
P.
PADUA.
t. 412.PAdua, t. +xt. Ufper, 344.
•
Palatine, E)eftr-rs, 274, 322,313, or. 318, ;8i. Re-
vroues, 337. Whothe laitof the ProtelUnt Princes ofthis Title, 34.1.
Psracelfus,where bury'd, 374.How he wrought mort of bisCures, 374.
f*ff*H,t. 3661Pmtkul,Counr, 164.Pa.ritrei oïVtnict, 403.PMtricUmiDG«rm<My,whothcy
are, 197, 198,200.Ttcbttljhiim, Baron de, 188,
18,.Ptint, Paintfr, 11,83.Ptttmltfj.Prput, the Nickname
oïînJuJirU», 3^5, 386, 388.P«/in Mmitrti,at Pru/f»,421.Philibtrt D. of S4ioy, 389.P^ii/^ IV. of Spam, his Révé-
rence to the Viaticum, 249.D. of Surgunif, 389.––Margrave ofSrandtnèttrg,
19,20,181. His Dowager,ao, 26. His Sons,17. HisUncle Alt m, 17. AUtrt't
Sons, 17.Philippin/!Charltttt, Princcfs
of Vruffi»,16, 72.Philippin»of ml/tria, Arch-
duchefs, 390.Philiffrhht, a Pleafure-Houfe,
361.P^«/, Baronde, 28/.P;7««'sBafm,81.
P/^ij, Count, 261.
Plafftnltrg Caftle, ïoS.
i>/«n»,Count de, 66. Counteft,67.
pliafitrt-H*ufes,who lui thefiocft inEurope,a63.
Pltsk, Htlmutb de, 145.Phw
to the Firft Volume.
5
Tl»Jdfs1m, Baronef?, 135-.
Poddescitz., the fruJJUn Mioifter,
31.TolanJ,the Equivalent it has
given ro France of a Queenfor a King, 309.
Ttlentz., M. de. 78.
Tollnitz., M. de, Gibinet-Caun-
fellor to che D. oiWïrtembtrg,
l85-1 Baron, (ourAuthor) his
Conférence w;th a Lutberan
Dodlor afrer he had turn'd
Papifl from Cdvinijl,160.
Henrtetta, 7.Vttnerani», Hither, yielded to
Sweden, So.
POMMUtSFELDEN,t. Seat of the
Kiettui' of fvlentx,,10;, 20¢.
fompsy'b War with C<e/«rp»int-ed, 370.
Tonte, t. 425.¥*rceUnnet finer in Gtrmuny than
in 7«pan, 87, S8.
ftrtttgnl, Mary- AnneQucen of,
23J.•EntAnutlPr. of, 421.
P^i, a Mcrchitit at Leiffic, his
fine Garden, 85.
Potfchin, Madame de, 15t.VotxJim Cattie, 54,Prague, * 210.
ïrtyfing, Maximilian Count de,
266, 267.
Prinm, p;ity, more inacccffible
than great ones, 83.
Privy Ceunfelltr'i Preferment
owing to a Preftnt of a Bals-
Viol, 171.
îrtfufion of Princes in what Ar-
ticle 'tis nioft juftifiable, 10,
10}.Promnitz., Erdmann Count de,
»35-
Trâfetytti, by what means theyare foonelt made amung the
Gentry, \di.
trover.ee, Jhtodtbirt Couot of.
389.
Pmjïïri, K. ai, 31, &* 376.
tliî Quecn, 24- His Soldiery,
xt,:o 24,34.. Hti Children,
2f, tf«. 30, 72. Princels
Royal's Marriage, 2oy.
Pruth Bat tle, nj.Pultow* Battlc, 12), 164.
L7ails,Q.
dapce of 'em,
QWi;/i,
abundance of 'ero,
where, J9J.
^,»,.ian, St. 191.
R.
RAbutin,
Marlhal de, 140.
Rnilifcc»ni, M. 429.
Rutljowjki, Cardinal, 116, ifo.Radzevil, Louif»-Charlott* ?Ss.
of, 330.Radzrvil, id Wife of Marflul
Flemming 91, 16/.RASTADT, t. 199. Prince of
B*dtn\ Palace bere compar'dto .Sr.C/owi near taris, 199.
Treaty fign'd there, 300.R/ttenau, t. co.Ratenberg, 57g.Rntr, a Saint that wat famous
for killin^them, 196.Rnvanne, Abbot de, 517.
Raugravt, Madame la, 342,
H1.
Rtehierg,Gnudtntx. Count de,166
Reinbabo, Baron de, 76.
Religion, the Externals of it,where beft obftrv'd, 41 ».
Hejidents for the Gtrman Princes
at Franekfort, their Privilèges,3+i.
Rheden, M. de, 6;, 66.
Rhenen, t. 344.RÊ£« Siege, 163.
Rinuccî, the Cardinal and the
1Marquifs, 423.
Roiir*, Prince Palatine, K. ofthe Romtwi, 3zi.
Rock, Mf/et's, a pièce of it, 396.Rocoult, Madam de, 15.
RtJer,
f 1 * c
.1/m?.lkLrL~
FjJer, M.>' tCi.
Rodclpb,Emperor, tlie Sreechhe made af\er he had one chis Haads eut off in Battle.168.
Rcban,Cardini! Am.sadÇ&fltn,309. His Speeches on the
Marriage of the Queen ot
~tirmt.ee,3K1 Jï_. H'f Flection and D^ath, 31f Cha-
ra&er, 316. çR*Ar, Baronefs Dowager of, 'a
148. 3R*Ut,thePrta: Jaiturg Mioifter,
4.Relli, the Painter,4»* k
ROME,t. theCsimz» Emperor'sRight to live :here, loi.
R»n**>,Count de, Envoy of
S*xt G*tk*, 181, 182.
RONCIGLIONE, f.43O.
ReJ/pig,M.de,78.R»</fr,Baronde, }Oj\Rctifiii Coonr, 11f 1 19.Hujftrt, St. 365, 366.Rutewski, Couct, 1 1 f 1 1 (S, 1 1 8.
Umxmm Curli, Dogeof fVWrf,
3W-
S^R. 364.
S.l1" R. 364' r. ;64. ItsS*ltx.bourg, t. ;64. It»
Revenues. and Honfholdof
irs Archbiftwp,367, 373. A
great Re.olution in this
Country, 375.S*ltz.J*hlSeatncvBrunfwu, 75.
SMpieb»,BtneJUÎ,163.SmrdinU,King andQueen,332,
335-SAVERNE,t. 3if.
5«v«^,fee £«;«» and Em*iuul.
S»*e-LM»tnèurg,Princefs, 300.
Hiijftifth, J*bn-jUtipbmPrince of, 99, 114. SifkUPrincefi of, 200. Cbriftm*Princcftof, 1 14,uf.
Wip»»r Dukes, 17a. 173,
«74»"75-
S.
a elïaln
r. r, y-Car-ri: r
.^Duchy,r' We«Ithof us calants, lu/.
c«t> Dukes, 173, <jrcPucbefles, 18;.
J
I-rùi Duke, 82, 83.A-fs;-ïw?£(.-3 Princif», jS:,
100.Chevalier de, 116.
Effcnach Duke», 17^ 18;.Caxtnj ill provideà with Ordi-
naries, 8ô. Prefint Sraceofits Courr, ço, to 1 -r. Cln-
raâerof the Meo,1 5f. ofthe
Women, 156. of the Clcr-
gy. '59-ScArfiri»,t. 427.Schbtdltr'îLaceManufaûory, 7.Sibltijbtim Palace,170.Scbltittr the Architeû, 10.
Scbmititl, Baronde, 176.Schneitz.enrittb,t. 377.Sthtmberg, Marlhal, 17.Scbenbor*jr*nth Geo?g:,Connt,
3}8.– ^7»A«- Th'Mp-Vranch,
Counr, f4, i8f. 186. Da-
mian-Hmg*the Cardinal, 318,319, 3*0.
Trtbru-Cbérhs, Bp.oiBêmbtrg, t8f, 190, 191,201, 242. Lubtrutt-VrancU,
•nothcrofitsBilhops, soi.
StbnÙHg,General, 116.
Schorror, the Pope*i Vicar at
Hantvtr, 64.Stbultmburg, Count de, 408.Scbuhnbêurg,General,61. Hit
Duel wuh Count Fitmhig,
163.Stbvmbtb, r. 196.Scbwdrtxjuiirg, Pr. 213, 213,
101, 30a, 304.Stbvttxmgt», t. a et.StbwixJnski.ShbcUu,147.Schvatz, t. 379.
M,
to the Firft Volume.
Stbmntkand Scbtut, Baronsdi,
a8r.»», the Ceretnonyof marrying
ir.rt». 4°?- 4 >,Sictui&f, Baron and Coant,
Ç4,lpr.Maximin"fc$jf-2*rttj. MaximtiU»,
Count 4, î6j.
ftAptr, Counti of, 147.
StiitUArf, General, 3; 8.
Sàgtnitl, Jùltbtu&uoh*,141.
Sickt»t**fBaronA,333.Sienna t. 429.Sigifm$nd,Emperor, 339 388.
Shifmki, Archduke «ud Count
oflWf, 3»o.Siitmu'i Ugicy, 190.Mterii, ?MhiK.of ttUudM.
Hii Daugher, i6ï. 9
S*f/«w,Coaotefsof,a)8, *}9-
JtitaM, the Sultan, 14».
s,ur~~i, am~r: ~et~i.Codnt A, 98, 103, 104. 1*8, '·
M3, i$9. I4t-“ f
5,pbU.mlbtlmh*,Prmccfi of
~· P`ir 81.
CbriJiUtM-Utêlf*,Prioceft
of JUr««*, Ï05.
jpria, Council of, at FlnnM,
144.Sfim, Baron A, 16*, 163.
SptrtMi, T»*l, 375-
SÎW, Maaimeir, 116,358
Sfy», tbe Pop**»Vicar acH«-
awv*r>6}.Spiu »• 3^o.
Sport* M.i», 77.
S^tm, River, 3.£»«*•• S^e, 57.SttUtMi* at PlffM, »4*-
AM^Mt, K. 318. HUDMfh-ter*i Match on foot wuh the
prince tfBUm, 304. Mar-
nage to Le>.1rXV. 309.
Stwa~a~. N N. Je SaiSrtt.
UmwAtri, UuiMIiâH, »4«-Vot. I.
Stirtmbtrg. Érnfi- XtuBgtr,Count Ji, 2)9, 247.
Startmtng, G»U«, ^flarOal,
139.GrrrJwc~En,Connt.Starembtrg, Gmulstiir, Count,
»4I.Stargard, f. 162.
Sfmp'uz., Abbat,37f.««a, Baion, ;a. Baroneû,
13~, 148.Striaitck, General,prov'dacrnej
Inceadiiry, y7.Stiht mi», a fort of Wine fo
called*190.SttwèMcb,the Archireû, 308.
Sltnfarg, Count, 111.
Stertzinoen, ». 392.Sttti», t. iw Seqoeftration,by
whom obtain'd, 164.
Stêtttrhtim, M. Cup-bearerto theD. of UxtGtlh», 1 83.
StraJa, Jmmii dt, 1 79.Slr*blftinJ,Siege, 114.STRASBOURG,t. 30$, 31f. NO>
ted forLibcitines, 310.
Strtitbtrjf, Colonel, 291.
StrimgMtttM,the VinttU» Cour*tdin, 411.
Stmdtnitz,,Baron/» 76.Stutcaro, 179. 189-
Sulknmski. See êtUtrfM.Sultmâ», M. and Madameit,
»9t.Sdtd>êtb, Jififh-CkorUt, Pr.
and Princeû ot 324, 330,
331.]Mr>, Prince, 33a.-7*94doro, Prince, HI.
_«_ –.ytlm-CbrlflUn, Prince,
3»i, 333.– I Ci«r^, Prince, 33».
Sjmftbj, iu Power, 374.
T.
TArtary Women, what tbe»fay to their Huebanda
when they come homewith-
ootBoûty,847.Gg tih»G 1 :n~
An Alphabetical Index
TiUmathut, tranflated ioto Gir-
m<»ij Verfc, 19c.
Ttfcbtn, G*trgt, Prince of, 1 1 6,
117. Princefî Of, 1 1 7, 1fo.
Xkmnhaufr*, Count de, 373.ïi*»» Count and Counicfs, 1f 1
Ihioitbtrt, Count of Pro-vtnte,
389.
Tkirhiim, Sigifmtnd, Count le,
if8. 2«ç, 166.
Tbem*Jius, the C'filun, 156.Tfcor» of our Saviour'i Crown,
81.
7$mv, Meilleurs, thcir Library,
by whom purchafed, 3 1 7.
TtwisgfS, General, 178.
X/r. Count, his Maflicre of the
Swtélts at Branltaburfb, 2.
Of the Pslatiat) at £«A/-
4«r;, 311.Tiottret, the Painrer, 419, 420.SRrW, Country, 377, Manner
of Salutation heie, 380. Drf f,
of the People, 393. Tbeir
Saint». 394.Titimn, the Painter, 4.10.
Tbrriag. ItnaÙHS-Jtftfk, Count
z6j>, 267, J7Î-T«<(rof ^»x«fX'M, Prinrefs,}32.To«r and T«xii, Altxmnitr, Pr.
of, 105,303, $42.
Mary-AuiHJl»,Princrfsof, 28c, 296.
Ttmrnty, Siège, 114.Tws mu'aken tor Cspmcbi»
Frais, }J9.Tuent, t. J03.
Truehjfts, Ztil, Counr /r, 374,
Tfcbirnin, Count, au, 21t.
Tithlmeur, Secreury, PnJJUn,
43-r*a, at Ht'Mbir£, 324.T«eh, where they h.ve reafon
to laugh at the ChriftUns,
5~·
Tftfc*wf,Jtbm G*fi*n, the Great
Duke, 4.28. HiiSajing when
he declared Don Cêritt his
Succcflbr, 4x8.
Tutcn, or Governori, a merce.
nary fort, 117, 218.
V.TT~r~'s Tomb at MMMM,VAlerit's
Tomb at Vtnitt,V 405.
Vatican Library, 3x1.
V»ub*n%M. Engincer, 309.
Venicç, t. î9j, 396,&c. Iti
Doges, 389,390. Patriarch,
4c 3. Churchcs, 403, frc.
Arlènal, 40c ô-c. Bucen-
taur, 399. 407. Forces, 408.
Lakes, 409. 1 s politicalIn-tereft, 409. Trade, 410.Nobles and Ambaflàdori,4io.Ladies, 411. Muiic, 414.
41;. P.Lcejaod Gentry,42O.
Vtrnijobrt, Baron d$, bis Gains
by MJff'tfi, 8.
Vui'uum, the Homage paid to
it in Popifli Countries, «49.Vltardel, FraneL, Marquis of
Flturi and Bfuftrt. 1 } ç.Vitbtn, M. ##, iT/^5*» Mmifter,
4;.Vienna, t. 224. Sièges, «37,
139, 147, 248. Im Police,
246. lis Go'eroour how
Ail'd, 24a. Its Garribn, 247,Fortifications, 249. Wotncn,ifi.. &c.
ri#rff M. W«,46.r>4«, t. 382.VUUntt, of B*v*ri», Princeû,
429.Vuli», the 8rft in Itmly, 415.
VirgUim, St. 365.
fir^in Mary' s rairacalous I-
mage at lnffrue, }8+. The
Adoration paid to her in the
Coumries of !>««/ and lïr»/,
;94.
VlTEHBO,/.43O.ULM, t. 176.Untrtil, M. /r, 167.Vêluirt'i Life of C^xr/o XIT,
King of £vrim, Reaeûic;,on it, 3 t.
to the Firft Volume.
WAcitrbmrtb, jtuguftmtCbnfitfbtr, Marftial dt,
çt, 99, 10», 114,.lfkcierb*rtb,S*imtw-G*bâlm-
Joftpb, Counc dt, 104. 111,
114, 116,167. His Coun-
tefr, 115.Wtgtnbtim, M. V#,of Htntvtr,
66.
Wahtrincen, ». 377.Wàlbourg de Truchjftt, Cornu
A. 17.
Wàldfttm, Count and Countefc
</«,147, 148.W</«j, Frédéric, Prince of, 26.
64. AuGusTA,Princef«of,i8ï.
Wâllinflein, Count andCounteû
of, ifi, IJVWilnut, M. Engineer, 82.
WdfUin, the great Soldicr, 21e.
Itbrttmbtrg, Count and Coun-tels, }. f, 6, 7. The ÏCingof trnjpfs Tartn his Fu-
neral, 7. His Adaainiftration,
36,4.1.44,1)4.
Wtrttntitbtn, Cou0 1. 1 7, jû.
Wajfirbturg, t. 364.Water marit,atHtrtnb»n/tB,6j.
Wtitrhpf, M. A, 80.
WtilUr, a PruJ/Uit Colonel, ao.
Wnmtr, r. 171. Its Oukes,
171 to 176.
Wtijfnbtrg Battle, lia.
Wei'senbouro, t. 31 S.
Wtnceflaui (St.) K. of BobtmU,
111,11).fftm in Throats. ^93.
Wtnfn, M. Mai(haï of the truf-
jian Court, 7, 8.
Wermstorf, 86, 103, 157.
Wirib,J»hn do, ;n.Wttx}*r Tribunal, 145-. 320.Wbim, a fine Seat fo called near
Huntvtr, 67.
WiUUm o( Ssxt-Gotba, Prince,
iâi.
WilkUm-Henry, Duke of £«x«-
Eyfnuub, 183.
Willigift, ABpof Mute, 170.
W.dcker6~rtb, AtrjrJirr
(ftrtimétrg, Lewis Priace of,ifi, 28 f. Ch*rltt-Altx*n-
4tr Duke, 279, 285,290..
HisDuchefs 18c. HisBro-
ther Trtdtrit, zSf.
WirttmbtTg, EbtrburJ- lemit D.
179,180,189. His Duchefs,ié.280. His Son, 181. Daugb-ter, ii.
K~ttM~~ 0~, ArdwJfa-Lorl./», Prncefsof, 83. Cbriflim-Utric, Duke of, 83.
Wugtnfltin, Count, 285.Wm^, three forts of it, 179.Wohlm, Baron </f, 334.
Wolcktnflti», Count do, 393.
Wtlfembuttli Family and Court.
69 tO7». 1rs Inhabitants
compared to the Hogs of
uyifbulU.jf. TheDuchefs
Dowager, 80.
WOI.FEMBVTTI.E,<.7Ç.
IVtlpnfitin, Stfhi» Cbrift'm»,Counteû of, 108.
Wtmen, ot 'he Ltvanftnd Httm
burgt their great Con6ne
ment, fi.
Worms, i. )}8.
WnttifUw, Frp»cir-Cbarlet, Co.
A, 147,148,153. HisCoun-
tefs, if 4.Wtteih, de, Colonel, 30.Wurbtn, Countefs de, M iflrcfs ta
the D. of Wïrttmbtrg, 179,
282, 183, 284. Her Dit-
gracr, 290, 8cc.
fTiirm, M. dt, Mafter of the
Horfe to the D. of Saxt-Gt-
tht, 18).Wurmbrmdt, Count 1/ 14c.
Wurinbtrg, ChriJ}'m»-CharUit*
dt, Margraviat uf Brandtn-
burg. Anfftch, 1 94.
Wurtzbourg, t. 185. Power
and Sp:endor of its Bilhop,
190.'9°-
*TT ECH, BtrnurJ, Biron it%
1 ~8.M
An Ak>hàbetiéa! Index.
£«0,DiiIm «adPuehefc, 6©,6»,6».
tu.i, 61,68.
<mm, Prince Av«m*iVtftorychère*137.
f N
the firftCo). of Lctter M, in the Index, Lit» 6 (rom tBe
§ Bottom, fof p. 113, read 114. Une7, ç# aad 11, for JVijfr. I^£wA In the ;d. Coloniaof the fiasTCRMï.«ad lion
34, 9$, 36, thu« Jthe 3d. CoIamd
/<; v « }' H/
ÜÓcI
UrfcbùuU, Ambrnuf,Coont and AV ,<Comtefc, 117. 120» «42- /c~ -%S:, :A^ t-
Mjlft, Pièce ofhis Rock, 396.fe^ il
ZMXMàtrf, Ltvis, Coont
240. The Dtgriiryherédita-
in bis Fitnily, it.Ztttl, Baronit, ib8, 189, 33^.Ztebé», Barra 4t« iy), içf.
~r r
ERRATA.
AAbbesses of two Convents, the Ceremony of marrying them by every Doge of Venice,Their Dress,Agrippina, Empress of Rome,Ahlen-Castle, in the Dutchy of Zell ; the Retreat of the Duke's unfortunate Daughter,AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, t.Albert, Margrave of Brandenbourg,Albert I. Emperor,Albert II. Emperor,Aller, R. Alpes, for whom those Mountains were made,ALTENA, t.ALTENA. Distress of the Inhabitans,ALTENA. Privileg'd Place for Bankrupts,ALTENBOURG, t.Altheim, Count and Countess,Amelia, Empress of Germany,Amminati. Sculptor,Andrew. Cardinal of Austria,St. Andrew's Order of Muscovy,Angelo, Michael, his saying that certain Cates were good enough for Paradise,Anhalt-Cothen, Princess,Anhalt-Dessau Leopold, Pr.Anhalt-Dessau Leopold, Pr. His Amour and Marriage, and his Menace to shoot his Tutor,Anhalt-Dessau Leopold, Pr. His Character by the late D. of Savoy,Anhalt-Dessau Leopold, Pr. His Valour,Anhalt-Dessau Leopold, Pr. His Government,Augustus Lewis, Pr. his Wives and Issue,Anhalt-Zerbst, Magdalen-Augusta, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha,Anna-Maria's Violin,Anne, Princess-Royal of Denmark, and Electress-Dowager of Saxony,Anne-Frederica, of Promnitz,Anne-Sophia-Charlotte, of Prussia, Duchess of Saxe-Eysenach,Annunciation-Pictures, done by Tintoret and Titian,ANSPACH,Anthony Ulric, D. of Brunswic-Lunenburg-Wolfembuttle,Antinous's Statue,Antonietta-Amelia of Brunswic-Blanckenbourg,Apollodorus Statuary,Apollonia, the Singer,Appel, a Merchant at Leipsic, his House the Residence of the K. of Poland,Appennine Mountains,AQUAPENDENTE, t.Arch-duchesses,Architecture, the best Article that Princes can lay out their Money in,Aremberg, Duke and Duchess-Dowager,Argenson, M. de,Arlington, Countess of,Arnheim, Marshal de,Arnim, Sigismond de,Arnould, St.Arthur, Prince of Wales,AUGSBOURG, t.AUGSBOURG. Its Comparison with Antwerp,AUGSBOURG. Its chief Trade,Augusta, of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales,Augustus III. K. of Poland,Augustus III. His Travels and Conversion to Popery,Augustus III. His Marriage,Augustus III. His Love and Duty to his Father,Augustus III. His Election and Coronation,Augustus III. His Tutor,Augustus III. His Queen,Augustus III. Their Children,Augustus William D. of Brunswic-Lunenburg Wolfembuttle,Augustus-Albert, Prince of Prussia,Augustus, Emperor,Aulic Council, at Berlin,Aulic Council, At Vienna,St. Austin's Tract of the City of God,Austria. House, of whom it now consists,Austria. A Wish that it never may be extinct,Austria. Its great Alliances,Austrian Princes, remarkable for an Air of Gravity,Austrian Princes. Their People's Avertion to the Bobemians,Austrian Princes. The scurvy Pun of a French Jester upon them,Austrian Princes. Their Epicurism,Austrian Princes. Pride,Austrian Princes. Their Fondness for the Title of Count,Ausirian and Lorrain Families united,Auvergne, Princesses,
BBatkover, M. Chancellor of Saxe Gotha,Baden Baden, Margrave and Margravine,Baden-Dourlach, Christian, Margrave of,Baden-Dourlach, Charles,Baden-Dourlach, Margravine,Badiani, Count,Bahlberg, Adolphus, Baron of,Baldinucci, Philip, the Sculptor,
Balls of Bohemia, compar'd with those in the Hay-Market,BAMBERG, t.BAMBERG, the mighty Prerogative of its Bishop,BARBI, t.Bareith, Margraves, See Brandenbourg.BAREITH, t.BAREITH, Princess,Baron, the Title purchased in Germany by a Messenger,Basset, how a Lady made her Gallant's Fortune at it,Bass-Viols, a German Duke's Fondness for 'em,Bavaria, Electors of,Bavaria. Its Division,Bavaria. Riches and Revenue,Bavaria. Electoress,Bavaria. Its Apostle,Baudissin, M. Wolf, Henry de,Baumgarten, General,Beaufort, Marquis de,Beausobre, M.Bedmar, Marquis de, his Conspiracy,Beichling, M. Chancellor,Beichling, Countess Dowager,Belgrade,Belvedere-Palace,Benedict XIII. Pope,Benedictines, a sort of Republic form'd in that Order,Benson, William, Esq ; Director of the fine Waterworks at Herenhausen,Bentivoglio, Cardinal, his Remark upon the Alps and the neighbouring People, Bergenopzoom,BERLIN, t.BERLIN. Its Obligation to the French Refugees,BERLIN. Its Academy, 47.Bernsdorff, John Hartwig Ernest, Baron of,Berschen, t.Beveren, Baron de,Bevern, Brunswic Branch,Bevern,Charles, Prince of,Bevern,Ferdinand-Albert, Prince ofBevern,Elizabeth-Christina, Princess,Bilinski, Count and Countess, 18.Bislnprick, which the fi st in Germany,Black Liveries, never given by a certain German Family,Blanc, M. de,Blanche, Mary, Wife to the Emperor Maximilian,Blanckenbourg, County,BLANCKENBOURG, t.BLANCKENBOURG. Stupidity of the People,Blanckenbourg's Duke and Duchess,Blanckenbourg's Duke and Duchess. The Duke's Treaty with the Elector of Hanover for a Vote and Seat in the Dyet,Blanckenbourg's Duke and Duchess. His Accession to the Title of the D. of Wolfembuttle,Blanckenheim-Mandersheldt, Francis George, Count de,Bockenheim, t.Bohemia,Bohemia. Where and by whom its Kings and Queens are consecrated,Bohemia. Its Saints,Bohemia. The Wealth and Grandeur of its Nobility, and the Poverty and Slavery of the Peasants,Bohemia. Its States, of whom compos'd,Bohemia. Their Aversion to the Austrians,Bolagnos, Count de,Bologna, John,BOLOGNA, t.BOLSANO, t.Bolsena, t.Bork, the Prussian Minister and General,Bose, Countess of,Bossagno, t.Bot, the Architect,Bot. Compar'd to Bernini,Bothmar, Count de,Bouillon, Princes, why they had the Title of Domestic Highn sses,Bourbon and Austria, Houses our Author's Wish that they might never be extinct,Bourben, Duchess of,Bourg, Marshal de,Brandenbourg, Electors of, Joachim II.Brandenbourg,John George,Brandenbourg, Lewis, Margrave of,Brandenbourg-Anspach, Margraves, &c. of,Brandenbourg. Margravine,Brandenbourg. Her Present to our Author,Brandenbourg. Death in this Family pretended to be always foretold by the Appearance of a Spirit,Brandenbourg-Bareith, Margraves,BRANDENBOURG, t.Brandenbourg Schwedt, Marquis of,Brandenbourg Schwedt, Margravine Dowager,Brandstein, Frederic-Augustus de,Brebentau, Mademoiselle de,Brebentau, the Palatine of Marienbourg,
Breitenbauch, Henry - Augustus de,Bremer, M. de,Brenner, Mountain,Breslau, the Road from it to Berlin,Bretonvilliers, Marquis, Reflection on his Memoirs,Breze, Marshal de,BRHOUSEL, t.Brimstone, prescrib'd to the Austrians by a French Jester,BRIXEN, t.Brocks, a Hamburgher and Poet,Brou, M. de,Bruhl, John and Henry de,Bruhl,Adolphus de,Bruhl. Baron de,Brunswic Hanover, John-Frederic, Duke of,Brunswic Family,Bruhl. The Princes descended from it.BRUNSWIC, t.Brunswic-Blanckenbourg, Lewis Rodolf, Duke of,Brunswic-Lunenbourg-Wolfembuttle, Duke of,Bucentaur, a fine Venetian Galley,Bulau, Baron de,Bulan. Baroness,Burgan, Charles, Margrave of,Burgundy, Charles the Bold, Duke, of,Burgundy,Philip Duke,Buthler, Constantine, Baron of,
CCabinet Ministers, their Precedence at the Court of Prussia,Caccioli Antonio, Painter,Cadets Academies,Casar's War with Pompey, painted,Callenberg, Augustus-Henry Gottlob, Count de,Camke, Madame de,Camke, Messieurs de,Candi, a famous Painter,Carinthia, Henry Duke of,Carlowitz, John-George de,Carlowitz, Treaty,CARLSBAD, t.CARLSBAD. Virtue of its Baths, t.CARLSROUHE, t.Caroline, Princess of Saxe-Eysenach,Cassel, see Hesse.Castel, Count de,Castilloncello, t.Catsch, M. A Minister of Prussia,Catzenellenbogen, upper County,Chains, that bound St. Peter, St. Paul, and. St. John, three Links of them,Chalisac,M. Charlemain's Crown and Sword,Charlemain's Charles, Margrave of Burgau,Charlemain's Charles II. K. of Spain,Charlemain's Charles IV, Emperor,Charles V. Emperor,Charles VI. Emperor,Charles VI. His Diversions,Charles VI. His Friendiship and Gratitude,Charles VI. His Love for the Empress,Charles VI. Remarks on his Coronation,Charles-Christian, Prince of Prussia,Chales, K. of Sardinia,Charles XII. K. of Sweden,Charles, Prince Palatine of Sultzbach,Charles, the Bold, Duke of Burgundy,Charles-Albert, Elector of Bavaria,Charles-Albert. His Electoress,Charles-Lewis, Elector Palatine,Charles-Lewis, Philip ditto,Charles-Lewis, His Revenues,Charlottemburg House,Child-bearing, ascrib'd to the Miracles of the two Bohemian Saints,Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bareith,Christian-Lewis, Margrave of Brandenburg,Christian-Lewis, Ulric, Duke of Wirtemberg-Oels, and Bernstad,Christian-Lewis, William, of Saxe-Gotha, Prince,Christina-Louisa, of Oetingen, Duchess of Blanckenbourg,Christina, Princess of Saxe-Weissenfels,Christopher, St. where most worshipped,Cicerone, the Meaning of that Word in Italy,Cinfuentes, Count de,Cleitheim,Clischoff, Battle,Clovis, K. of France,Coburg, t.Cohorn, Engineer,COHTEN, t.Colin, Alexander, Statuary,Collobradt, Count,
Collonitz, the Count and the Cardinal,Collowrat, Count and Countess,Complimenters, nauseous,Conde, Princess of,Conferences, Counsellors of,Constance, Council of,Coquets, in Venice, the Place of their Rendezvous,Corfou, Island,Cornaro Family's Tomb,Cosel, Countess of Mistress of the late K. of Poland,Cosel. Her Menaces against him,Cosel. Count,Cosel. Her Daughter,Cosmo I. Duke of Florence,Costa, Count de,Counts of the Empire, their Preheminence,Courland, Duchess Dowager,Craut, his surprising Rise from behind the Compter to the Ministry,Creutz, M. de, Prussian Minister,Creutzar, Coin,Crossen, t.Culmbach - Brandenburg, Margraviate,Culmbach,George-Frederic-Charles, the Margrave,Cuimbach, His Family and Revenues,Cunegonda, Empress, her Tomb,Cup, which Joseph put in Benjamin's Sack ; the Reason our Author had to remember that Passage,Customs, a remarkable Attachment to old ones,Cyprianus, Dr.Cyprus, Cornaro, Q. of,Czarowitz,
DDamnitz, M. de, Grand Marshal of Saxe-Gotha,Danckelman, Baron de,Danckelman. He prophesies his own Fate,Dangervilliers, M.Danneberg, Henry de,Danebrock Order,Dantzick, t. invested,Dantzick. Reduc'd,Danube, R.Darmstadt, t.Darmstadt. Landgraves,Daun, Count and Marshal de,Degenfeldt (Schomberg) Count de,Dehn, Count de,Dehn, A very fine Dancer, as well as Minister of State,Dejanira's Story painted,Delitz, Countess of,Denhoff, General,Denmark, Q. of,Denmark. The Prince Royal,Devos, Tapestry-maker at Brussels,Diedrichstein, Count,Doberginsky,M.Doges of Venice, their Marriage of the Sea, and of the Abbesses of two Convents,Dobna, Count de,Dorffling, a Taylor, his Rise to be a General in the Army,Dorothea-Sophia, Princess of Prussia,Dorothy, Electess of Brandenburg,DRESDEN, t.Drinking hard, in Germany, our Author's humorous Account how it affected him,Drinking hard. Where he reckons it an inseparable Function ot the Ecclesiastical Courts,Duhamel, Francis, General,Duhamel. His Lady,Duvaine, General,Duval, a famous Soop-maker,
EEast-Friesland, George-Albert, Prince of,Eib, General,Einsiedel, John George de,Einsiedel, Curt de,Einsiedel, His Lady,Einsiedel Detler, Henry de,Eleonora, Empress,Eleonora, Princess of Neubourg,Eleonora-Philippina, Princess of Hesse-Rhinfels,Elizabeth, Empress of Germany,Elizabeth. Her Abjuration of the Lutheran Religion,Elizabeth-Sophia of Brandenbourg, Duchess Dowager of Courland,Elizabeth-Christina of Oetingen, Duchess of Blanckenbourg,Elvan, t.Emanuel, Prince of Savoy,Emigrants, of Saltzbourg,Emperors of Germany, the Ceremony of their Audiences,Emperors of Germany. Their Dining,Emperors of Germany. Suppers,Emperors of Germany. Pictures,Empresses, the Respect paid to them,Empress Dowager,Eosander, the Architect,
Erdmansdorff, Ernest-Ferdinand de,ERFURT, t.ERLANGEN, Christian, t.Ernest-Augustus, the first Elector of Hanover,Ernest-Augustus. How he obtain'd that Dignity,Ernest, Arch-Duke, and his Wife,Ernest-Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weimar,Ernest the Pious, Duke of Gotha,Etiquette, in foreing Courts, what,Etlingen, t.Eversberg, t.Eugene of Savoy, Prince, his Palace,Eugene of Savoy. His Character,Eugene of Savoy. His Regiment of Dragoons,Eugene of Savoy, His Sickness, Death and Interment,Eugene of Savoy, His Employments and Estate,Eugene of Savoy, His last Will,Eugene of Savoy, His Library,Eugene of Savoy, His Nephew,Excellency, the Venetians Fondness for the Title,EYSENACH, t.
FFatima, a Turkish Lady,Favourita, the Emperor's Palace,Faustina, the Singer,Ferbellin, t.Ferdinand I. de Medicis,Ferdinand, K. of Castille,Ferdinand, K. of the Romans,Ferdinand I. Emperor,Ferdinand I. Emperor. His Son's Tomb,Ferdinand I. Emperor. His Son's Tomb, and Wife,Ferdinand-Albert, D. of Brunswic-Lunenbourg and Bevern,Ferdinand-Albert. His Merit and Preferment,Ferdinand Mary, Elector of Bavaria,Ferdinand-Albert. His Wife,Ferdinand, Duke of Bavaria,Ferdinand-Albert, His Duchess,FERRARA, t.Finck, of Finckenstein, Count,Fiorenzola, t.Fermian, Barons of,Fishermen, at Venice, their Election of their Doge or Chief,Fitztuhm, Count de,Fitztuhm. His Daughter,Fleming, James-Henry, Count de, Prime Minister of Poland,Fleming, James-Henry. His Reason for employing Foreigners before Saxons,Fleming, James-Henry. The Origin of his Family and his Education,Fleming, James-Henry. His Preferments from first to last,Fleming, James-Henry. His Marriage and his Duels,Fleming, James-Henry. His Conduct with regard to Patkul,Fleming, James-Henry. His Estate,Fleming, James-Henry. His general Character,Fleming, Mademoiselle de,Fleury, Marquis de,Fleury. Cardinal de,FLORENCE, t.Fohsen, Mademoiselle de,Forbenius, how he saved the Life of the Elector of Brandenbourg,Force, Marshal de,Forchs, the Starost assassinated,Francfort, on the Rhine,Francfort. Privilege of those here called Residents,Francfort, on the Oder, t.Francis I. K. of France, his solemn Affirmation,Franconia, Duke,Frankenberg, Baron de,FRANKENDAHL, t.Franenstad, Battle,Frederic, of Austria, nick-nam'd the Pennyless Prince,Frederic, Elector Palatine, who was chose K. of Bohemia,Frederic, IV. Emperor,Frederic, IV. His Mother,Frederic, Electoral Prince of Saxony,Frederic II. Duke of Gotha,Frederic, III. the present Duke,Frederic, III. His Brother William,Frederic, III. His orther Brothers and Sisters, and his Revenues and Guards, &c.Frederic-Augustus II. K. of Poland,Frederic-Augustus II. His Nativity calculated at Venice,Frederic-Augustus II. His Death,Frederic-Augustus II. His Queen, and her Death,Frederic-Augustus II. His Change of Religion,Frederic-Augustus II. The Method he took to convert his Son,Frederic-Augustus II. His Natural Issue,Frederic-Augustus II. His Generosity,FREDERIC IV. K. of Denmark's Compassion to the Altenois,FREDERIC IV. His Queen's Retirement,FREDERIC IV. His giving Audience to the Senate at Bologna,Frederic, the Fair,
Frederic-William, Elector of Brandenbourg, his Statue,Frederic-William. His remarkable Speech to his Soldiers,Frederic-William. His Daughter,Frederic I. K. of Prussia, his Statue,Frederic, Prince Royal of Prussia,Frederica-Sophia, Princess of Prussia,Frederica-Louisa, Princess of Prussia,Frederica-Louisa. Of Saxe-Gotha, Princess,Fredericafeld, House,Friesberg, Baron de,Friesland, Henry-Frederic, Count of,Frisoni, an Architect,Fuchs, Baron de, the Prussian Minister,Fuchs, Countess de,Fugger,Maximilian, Count,Fugger,Maximilian. His generous Entertainment of the Emperor Charles V.Fuhl, de, Great Marshal,FULDE, t.FULDE. Magnificence of its Abbot,Fultishau, Convent,Furstemberg, Prince,Furstemberg, Cardinal,Furstenfeldt, Abbey,
GGala, Days of, what,Galeas, John Duke of Milan,Gallasch, Count de,Gardeners, the best in all Germany,Garment, Christ's, a Relique of it,Gaston, John, Great Duke of Tuscany,Gates, thought by Michael Angelo to be good enough for Paradise,Gemblours, Abbot of, his sole Privilege of celebrating Mass booted and spurr'd,Gemming, Baron de,Gentleman, two French Kings fond of the Title,GEORGE I. K. of Great-Britain, his Wife,GEORGE I. His Administration,George II. King,George-William, Margrave of Brandenbourg-Bareich,George (St.) Abbess of,George (St.) Order Bava ian,George I. La dgrave of Darmstad,German. Language, its Excellency,German. Vanity of the Germans,Gersi, the French Ambassador,Gersne, Physician,Gerst rf, Gotlob-Frederic, Baron de,Gertrude,a Marcoman Lady. History of her, an entertaining Novel,Gertrude. Its Key,Gilles (St.) Count de,Glass Manufacture of Venice,Globe, John-Frederic Count de,Goblet of Gold, the Pleasure with which our Author drank out of it ; and how he wish'd to carry it off,Godfrey of Bouillon, K. of Jerusalem,Gobrem, Baron de,Gortz (Henry), Baron de,Gortz (Henry). His famous Copper Coin,Gortz (Henry). His Execution,Gortz, the Hanoverian,Gotha, see Saxe, and Frederic, and Ernest.GOTHA, t.GOTHA. Its Dukes,GOTHA, Duchesses,GOTHA. The noble Library here,GOTHA, Their Revenues,Gravanitz, Count de,Gravenitz, Countess de, Mistress of the D. of Wirtemberg,Gravisy, an Air peculiar to the Austrian Princes,Grosh, the Value of that Coin,Grumkau, the Prussian Minister,Grunberg, the Architect,Guide, a remarkable one that was blind,Guides, the Name given to them in Italy,Guldenstein-Huguetan, Count de,Gundacker de Staremberg, Count,Gustavus-Adolphus,
H.Hacke, M. deHagen, Baron de,HAGUENAU,Hall, the largest next to Westminster,Halle, t.Halle, University,HAMBURGH, t.HAMBURH. Its Dispute with Denmark,HAMBURH. Its Opera,HAMBURH. Its Mob,HAMBURGH. Vindication of its Citizens from the Charge of Cruelty to the Altenois,HAMBURGH, Their Respect to the Jews,Hamulen, t.
Ha au, Count of,Hanau, Charlotta-Christina of,HANAU, t.HANOVER,HANOVER. Roman Catholics there,HANOVER. Revenues of the Electorate,HANOVER, Hanover Electoress of,HARBOURG, t.Hardenberg, M. Grand Marshal of Hanover,Harlay, M. de,Harrach, Count de,Hatterfs, Ministers compar'd to Louvois and Barbesieux,Hatzfield, Egmont Count,Haugwitz, John-Adolphus de,HEIDELBERG, t.HEIDELBERG. Its Decay to what owing,HEIDELBERG. Its famous Tun,Heilbron,Henrietta-Benedictine, the Princess Palatine,Henry II. Emperor, his Tomb,Henry IV. Emperor, the pompous Interment be wish'd his Enemies,Henry III. K. of France,Henry IV. K. of France, his Ambition to be called the first Gentleman in his Kingdom,Herenbausen Palace,Herford Abbey,Hering, M. de, Vice-Chancellor of Saxe-Gotha,Hermitage, a Seat near Bareith,Herzan, Maximilian Count de,Hesler, M. de,Hesse Princes,Hesse-Cassel, Philip the Landgrave of,Hesse-Darmstadt, Ernest-Lewis Landgrave of,Hesse-Darmstadt. His Wife,Hesse-Darmstadt. His Son and his Wife,Hesse-Darmstadt. His Revenues and Troops,Hesse-Rhinfels, Princess of,Hildesheim, Baron,Hochstet Battle,Hoffman Professor of Physic at Halle,Hohenlo, Count de,Holstein-Beck, Lewis-Frederic Pr. of,Holstein-Beck, Charles-Lewis Pr. of,Holstein-Beck,Dorothy, Princess of,Houtten, Christopher-Francis de, Pr. and Bp. of Wurtzbourgh,Hoym, Count de,Hoym, His Catastrophe,Hubert (St.) his Legacy,Hubert (St.). Noted for killing Rats,HUBERTSBOURGH, t.Huss. John,Hussites, the Remains of 'em,
IJacobi, the Statuary,Jacquelot, M. Janson, Cardinal,Jews, the Respect shewed them at Hamburg,Jews, Not tolerated at Anspach, and why,Jews. Their Punishment for crucifying an Infant of Christian Parents on Christmass-day,Jews. Vast number of 'em in Bohemia,Jews, and the Palatinate,Ilgen, Baron, Prussian Minister,Ilten Messieurs de, of Hanover,Inn River,INSPRUC, t.Joan of Castille,John's (St.) Village in Tirol,John (St.) of Jerusalem, Kts of,John (St.) Nepomucene,John-Ernest ABp. of Saltzbourg,John-Adolphus of Saxe-Weissenfels,John-George I. Elector of Saxony,John-George III. Elector, of Saxony,John-George IV. Elector,John-Augustus of Saxe-Gotha, Pr.John-Adolphus, ditto,John William, D. of Saxe-Eisenach,John William. Elector Palatine,Jonas, the rall Grenadier,Joseph, Emperor,Iser, R.Isselbach, General,Judas's Lanthorn to be seen in two Places,Ixter, Baron de,
KKalestein, Baron de,Kara-Mustapha, Grand Visier,KEHL, t.Kendal, Duchess,Kevechuller, Count de,Keyserling-Hermann-Charles,
Kilmanseck, Madame de,Kimberg, Baron de,Kinski, Counts,Kinski, Countess of,Klenzck, Mademoiselle de,Kniphausen, Baron, the Prussian Minister,Kokersowitz, Countess,Konickel, Count de,Konigsegg, Count de,Konigsegg, Count de. His Marriage,Konigsegg, Count de. His Nephew,Konigstern Castle,Koningsmark, Aurora Countess of,Kuenbourgh, Count de,Kundahl,t.Kurtzrok, Baron,
LL'Actantius's Works,Ladies, Venetian, in Masks, pick'd up by our Author,Ladies, and himself pick'd up by a Lady in Distress who knew him,Ladistaus, King,Lagnasco, Count, and Josepha Countess of,LANDAU, t.Lands, how entail'd and how secur'd in Bohemia,Larks, where they most abound,Laxembourg, the Emperor's Palace,Leibnitz, the Philosopher,Leine, t.LEIPSICK, t.LEIPSICK. Why 'tis called the Jewel of Saxony,LEIPSICK. Its Fairs frequented by a great number of Princes and Princesses,Lenfant, M. Author of the Council of Constance,Leopold of Austria, surnam'd the Virtuous,Leopold, Archduke,Leopold, Emperor,Leopold, Bp. of Saltzbourgh, his Houshold and his Revenues,Leopold. Why compared to Pope Sixtus V,Levant Women, their great Confinement within doors,Leubnitz, Charles,Lewis VI. Landgrave of Darmstad,Lewis, the Hereditary Prince,Lewis of Bavaria, Emperor,Lewis of Baden, Pr.Lewis Ernest of Saxe-Gotha, P.Lewis the Severe, Duke of Bavaria, his Murder of his Minister and his Wife,Lewis. His Repentance,Lewis Rodolph, D. of Brunswic-Lunenburg, and Blanckenbourg,Lewis Margrave of Brandenburg,Lewis XV. K. of France, his Marriage,Lewis XV. Cardinal Rohan's Speeches upon it,Lichtenstein Palace,Leintenant of the Police at Paris,Linange, Mary-Christina-Felicite, Countess of, her Husbands,Linar, Maurice-Charles, Count de,LINTZ t.Lipski, John-Alexander, Bp. of Cracow,Lobkowitz, Pr. and Princess,Lodron, Counts of,Lopel, General de,Lorrain, Francis Duke of, his Marriage to the Archduchess,Lorrain, Charles, Pr.Losenstein, Eleonora Countess of,Lovel, Baron de, kill'd in a Duel, with Count Flemming,Lovestein, Princess,Louisa-Dorothea Duchess of Saxe-Gotha,Louvois, Marquiss,Lowendabl, Waldemar Baron of,Lowendabl, Waldemar Baron of. His Service to six Kings,Lowendabl, Waldemar Baron of. His Wives and Issue,Lowendabl, Waldemar Baron of. His Son Waldemar,Lewnitz, Henry - Rodolphe de Schonfield. Lord of,Lubomirski-Theresa, Electoress Palatine,Lubomirski, Madame de, Rival to Fatima a Turkish Lady, Mistress to the late K. of Poland,Lubomirski, George-Ignatius Pr. of,Lude, Count de, his wife Reason for marrying a Tradesman's Daughter,Ludwigsbourg t.LUNENBURG t.Lunenburg-Zell and Lunemburg-Hanover Families united,Luther, Martin, his resolute Expression when dissuaded to go to the Dyet,Lutzelbourg, Anthony Count de,
MMagdebourg Duchy yielded to the House of Brandenbourg,Magdabourg. Character of it,MAGDEBOURG t.Maintenon, Madame de, Mistress of Lewis XIV. her Fortune told by a Mason,Malchau House near Berlin,Manger, a Relique of our Saviour's,MANHEIM t.Mantenffel, Ernest Count de,Marck, Julius-Augustus, Count de la
Marcoman Lady, the History of one,Margaret of Tyrol surnam'd the Fious, and nicknam'd Wide-Moush,Maria-Anne-Caroline of Newbourgh,Maria-Magdalena, Archduchess,Maria Elizabetha, Archduchess and Governess of the Netherlands,Maria-Amelia Princess of Prussia,Maria-Anne-Sophia Princess of Prussia,Maria-Josepha Princess of Prussia,Maria-Theresa Archduchess,Maria-Theresa Archduchess. Her Marriage to the D. of Lorrain,Maria-Josepha Q. of Poland,Maria-Anne-Victoria of Bavaria,Maria Empress of Germany, her illustrious Relations,Maria-Adelaide of Savoy,Maria-Lescinski Q. of France,Mark's, St. Festival, how celebrated at Venice,Marriage of the Sea,Marriage of Princes how limited by the Laws of Germany,Marriage. A Princess charg'd with abusing that Sacrament of the Church of Rome,Martinitz, Count of,Masquerades at Venice,Mass, by whom alone celebrated with Boots and Spurson,Matthias Emperor of Germany,Maubrisson, Abbess of,Maurice,William, Pr. of Saxe-Zeits,Maurice, Elector of Saxony,Maurice, Count of Saxony,Maurice of Saxe-Gotha Pr.Maximilian, Emperor,Maximilian, Emperor. His Statue,Maximilian, Emperor. Wife,Maximilian, Emperor. His Daughter,Maximilian, Emperor. Father-in-law,Maximilian-Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria,Maximilian-Emanuel, Joseph the Electoral Pr.Meinders, M. de, the Prussian Minister,MEISSEN t.Melvil, M.Menard, President,Mentz, Lotharius-Francis de Schonborn Elector,Mentz, Lotharius-Francis de Schonborn. His Severity to Robbers,Mercy, Count de,Mercy, His Defeat,MERSEBOURG t.MERSEBOURG. Its Duke's Fondness for Bass-Viols,MERSEBOURG. His Duchess,MESTRE, t.Metsch, Count de,Mile-posts in Saxony,Milk of our Lady, a Wine so called,Miltitz, General, Alexander de,Minckwitz, Charles-Christian de,Miracles ascrib'd to the two Saints of Bohemia,Misson, Maximilian, criticized,Mobs of Amsterdam and Hamburg compar'd,Mocenigo-Aleisio, Doge of Venice,Modena, Renaud d'Este Duke of,Molard, Count de,Molsheim, t.Monclar, Baron de,Montbijou Palace,MONTEFIASCONE t.MONTEROSO t.Monte-Sancto, Count of,Montmorency, Francis Count de,Montmorency. His Countess,Moravia, John Margrave of,Moschinski, Anthony, Count and Moses, a Piece of his Rock,Moschinski, Anthony, Countess,Motterie, Mademoiselle,Mountpleasant, a fine Seat near Hanover,Muchlberg, the strong Lines cast up there by the Prince of Beveren,Munchausen, M. Munchenbourgt.MUNICH t.Muscovy, Anne Czarina of, her Marriage,
NNassau-Friesland Prince, his untimely end,Nassau-Friesland Prince. His Daughter, who is Sister to the Pr. of Orange,Nassau, Idstein, Pr.Nassau Weilbourg, Count,Nassau-Ousingen Princess,Nativities, Calculators of 'em refuted,Natzmer, Marshal de,NAUMBOURG, t.Neitsch, Mademoiselle de,Nepomucen(St.) John,Nesselrod, Count de,Neukirch, Benjamin, a Poet,NEUSTADT, t.
Nicolotti, Fishermen at Venice so call'd, their Election of a Doge of their own,Nightingales, a Multitude of 'em,Nobility at Venice, the Purchase of it,Noyelles, Count de,NUREMBERG, t.NUREMBERG. Its Government compar'd to the Venetian,NYMPHENBOURG Palace,
OOcco the Antiquary,Oder, River,Oetingen, t.Oetingen, Princesses,Ohsten, Baron de,Olbreuse, Madamoiselle de,Olbreuse. Her Daughter,OPPENHEIM, t.Oranjebourg, t.Orders of Knighthood, the Prussian,Orders of Knighthood. The Bavarian,Orders of St. Hubert,Orleans, Duke of,Orleans, Duchess,Orselska,Anne Countess of,Ossem,Gosman-Daniel, the Painter,
P.PADUA, t.Palatinate, Upper,Palatine, Electors,Palatine, Revenues,Palatine, Who the last of the Protestant Princes of this Title,Paracelsus, where bury'd,Paracelsus. How he wrought most of his Cures,Passau, t.Patkul, Count,Patriarch of Venice,Patricians in Germany, who they are,Pechtelsheim, Baron de,Peine, Painter,Pennyless-Prince, the Nickname of an Austrian,Petits Maitres, at Venice,Philibert D. of Savoy,Philip IV. of Spain, his Reverence to the Viaricum,Philip D. of Burgundy,Philip. Margrave of Brandenburg,Philip. Margrave of Brandenburg. His Dowager,Philip. Margrave of Brandenburg. His Sons,Philip. Margrave of Brandenburg. His Uncle Albert,Philip. Margrave of Brandenburg. Albert's Sons,Philippina Charlotte, Princess of Prussia,Philippina of Welserin, Archduchess,Philipsruhe, a Pleasure-House,Phul, Baron de,Pilate's Basin,Piosas, Count,Plassenberg Castle,Platen, Count de,Platen, Countess,Pleasure-Houses, who has the finest in Europe,Plesk, Helmuth de,Pludowska, Baroness,Poddewitz, the Prussian Minister,Poland, the Equivalent it has given to France of a Queen for a King,Polentz, M. de.Pollnitz, M. de, Cabinet-Counsellor to the D. of Wirtemberg,Pollnitz, Baron, (our Author) his Conference with a Lutheran Doctor after he had turn'd Papist from a Calvinist,PollnitzHenrietta,Pomerania, Hither, yielded to Sweden,POMMERSFELDEN, t.Pompey's War with Casar painted,Ponte,t.Porcellane, finer in Germany than in Japan,Portugal,Mary-Anne Queen of,PortugalEmmanuel Pr. of,Pose, a Merchant at Leipsic, his fine Garden,Potschin, Madame de,Potzdam Castle,PRAGUE, t.Preysing, Maximilian Count de,Princes, petty, more inaccessible than great ones,Privy-Counsellor's Preferment owing to a Present of a Bass-Viol,Profusion of Princes in what Article 'tis most justifiable,Promnitz, Erdmann Count de,Proselytes, by what means they are soonest made among the Gentry,Provence, Theodebert Count of,Prussia, K. Prussia. His Queen,Prussia. His Soldiery,Prussia. His Children,Prussia. Princess Royal's Marriage,Pruth Battle,
Pultowa Battle,Q
Quails, abundance of 'em, where,Quilian, St.
R.Rabutin, Marshal de,Radifocani, M.Radjowski, Cardinal,Radzevil, Louisa-Charlotte Pfs. of,Radzevil, ad Wife of Marshal Flemming,RASTADT, t.RASTADT. Prince of Baden's Palace here compar'd to St. Cloud near Paris,RASTADT. Treaty sign'd there,Ratenau, t.RATENBERG, t.Rats ; a Saint that was famous for killing them,Ravanne, Abbot de,Raugrave, Madame la,Rechberg, Gaudentz Count de,Reinbabe, Baron de,Religion, the Externals of it, where best observ'd,Residents for the German Princes at Franckfort, their Privileges,Rheden, M. de,Rhenen,t.Riga Siege,Rinucci, the Cardinal and the Marquiss,Robert, Prince Palatine, K. of the Romans,Rock, Moses's, a piece of it,Rocoul, Madam de,Roder, M. de, 61.Rodolph, Emperor, the Speech he made after he had one of his Hands cut off in Battle,Rohan, Cardinal Armand Gaston,Rohan. His Speeches on the Marriage of the Queen of France,Rohan. His Election and Death,Rohan. Character,Rohr, Baroness Dowager of,Rolle, the Brandenburg Minister,Rolli, the Painter,ROME, t. the German Emperor's Right to live there,Ronaw, Count de, Envoy of Saxe-Gotha,RONCIGLIONE, t.Rossing, M. de,Roth, Baron de,Rotofski Count,Rupert, St.Rutowski, Count,Ruzzini Carlo, Doge of Venice,
SSaltz, R. Saltzbourg, t.Saltzbourg. Its Revenues, and Houshold of its Archbishop,Saltzbourg. A great Revolution in this Country,Saltzdahl Seat near Brunswic,Sapicha, Benedict,Sardinia, King and Queen,SAVERNE, t.Savoy, see Eugene and Emanuel.Saxe-Lawenburg, Princess,Saxe-Weissenfels, John-Adolphus Prince of,Saxe-Weissenfels, Sophia Princess of,Saxe-Weissenfels, Christina Princess of,Saxe-Weymar Dukes,William Duchy, 17. Wealth ofeasants,Dukes, Duchesses, 18.Forbi Duke,PrincessChevalier de,Eysonach Dukes,Saxony ill provided with Ordinaries,Saxony. Present State of its Court,Saxony. Character of the Men,Saxony. Character of the Women,Saxony. Character of the Clergy,Scarperia, t.Schindler's Lace Manufactory,Schleisheim Palace,Schluter the Architect,Schmiedel, Baron de,Schneitzenrieth, t.Schomberg, Marshal,Schonborn, Francis George, Count,Schonborn, Francis John-Philip-Francis, Count,Schonborn,Damian-Hugo the Cardinal,
Schonborn,Frederic-Charles, Bp. of Bamberg,Schonborn,Lotharius-Francis, another of its Bishops,Schoning, General,Schorrr, the Pope's Vicar at Hanover,Schulemburg, Count de,Schulenbourg, General,Schulenbourg. His Duel with Count Fleming,Schwabach, t.Schwartzenberg, Pr.Schwetzingen, t.Schwizinski, Nicholas,SCHWATZ, t.Schunck and Schutz, Barons de,Sea, the Ceremony of marrying it,Seckendorf, Baron and Count,Seefeldt-Trring, Maximilian, Count de,Schgutt, Counts of,Seibelsdorff, General,Seiffertitz, Adolphus Baron de,Sickengen, Baron de,SIENNA, t.Sigismond, Emperor,Sigismond, Archduke and Count of Tirol,Silenus's Legacy,Sobieski, John K. of Poland,Sobieski. His Daughter,Soissons, Countess of,Soliman, the Sultan,Solkcefski, Alexander Joseph, Count de,Sophia-Wilbelmina, Princess of East-Friesland,Sophia-Christiana-Louisa, Princess of Bareith,Spain, Council of, at Vienna,Span, Baron de,Speratus, Paul,Spiegel, Madame de,Spiga, the Pope's Vicar at Hanover,SPIRE t.Sporcke, M. de,Spree, River,Staden, Siege,Stadsholder at Va,Stanislaus, K. Stanislaus. His Daughter's Match on foot with the Prince of Baden,Stanislaus. Marriage to Lewic XV.Stanislawski, NN. de Schgutt,Staremberg, Maximilian,Staremberg, Ernest - Rudiger, Count de,Staremberg, Guido, Marshal,Staremberg, Gandacker, Count,STARGARD, t.Staupitz, Abbat,Stein, Baron,Stein, Baroness,Steinbock, General, prov'd a cruel Incendiary,Stein Wein, a sort of Wine so called,Steinbach, the Architect,Sternberg, Count,STERTZINGEN, t.Stetin, t. its Sequestration, by whon obtain'd,Stotterheim, M. de, Cup-bearer to the D. of Saxe-Gotha,Strada, James de,Strahlsund, Siege,STRASBOURG, t.STRASBOURG. Noted for Libertines,Streisborst, Colonel,Stringuetta, the Venetian Courtezan,Studenitz, Baron de,STUTGARD, t.Sulkowski. See Solkcofski.Sultman, M. and Madame de,Sultzback, Joseph-Charles, Pr. and Princess of,Sultzback, Theodore, Prince,Sultzback,John-Christian, Prince,Sultzback,Charles, Prince,Sympathy, its Power,
TTartary Women, what they say to their Husbands when they come home without Booty,Telemachus, translated into German Verse,Teschen, George, Prince of,Teschen. Princess of,Thanhausen, Count de,Thaun. Count and Countess,Theodebert, Count of Provence,Thirheim, Sigismond, Count de,Thomasius, the Civilian,Thorn of our Saviour's Crown,Thou, Messieurs, their Library, by whom purchased,Thungen, General,Tilly, Count, his Massacre of the Swedes at Brandenburgh,
Tilly, Of the Palatines at Heidelberg,Tintoret, the Painter,Tirol, Country,Tirol, Manner of Salutation here,Tirol, Dress of the People,Tirol, Their Saints,Titian, the Painter,Torring. Ignatius-Joseph, Count de,Tour of Auvergne, Princess,Tour and Taxis, Alexander, Pr of.Tour and Taxis, Mary-Augusta, Princess of,Tournay, Siege,Towers miaken for Capuchin Fais,TRENT, t.Truchsses, Zeil, Count de,Tschernin, Count,Tuhlmcier, Secretary, Prussian,Tun, at Heidelberg,Turks, where they have reason to laugh at the Christians.Tuscany, John Gaston, the Great Duke,Tuscany, John Gaston. His Saying when he declared Don Carlos his Successor,Tutors, or Governors, a mercenary sort,
VValerio's Tomb at Venise,Vatican Library,Vauban, M. Engineer,VENICE, t.VENICE. Its Doges,VENICE. Patriarch,VENICE. Churches,VENICE. Arsenal,VENICE. BucentaurVENICE. Forces,VENICE. Lakes,VENICE. Its political Interest,VENICE. Trade,VENICE. Nobles and Ambassadors,VENICE. Ladies,VENICE. Music,VENICE. Palaces and Gentry,Vernesobre. Baron de, his Gains by Missisippi,Viaticum, the Homage paid to it in Popish Countries,Vicardel, Francis, Marquis of Fleuri and Beaufort,Vieban, M. de, Prussian Minister,VIENNA, t.VIENNA. Sieges,VIENNA. Its Police,VIENNA. Its Governour how stil'd,VIENNA. Its Garrison,VIENNA. Fortifications,VIENNA. Women,Vierec, M. de,Villaco, t.Violante, of Bavaria, Princess,Violin, the frist in Italy,Virgilius, St.VirginMary's miraculous Image at Inspruc,VirginMary. The Adoration paid to her in the Countries of Trent and Tiro,VITERBO, t.ULM, t.Unertel. M. de,Voltaire's Life of Charles XII, King of Sweden, Reflection on it,
WWackerbarth, Augustus-Chrsitopher, Marshal de,Wackerbarth, Salmour-Gabaleon-Joseph, Count de,Wackerbarth, Salmour-Gabaleon-Joseph. His Countess,Wagenheim, M. de, of Hanover,WAHTRINGEN, t.Walbourg de Truchsses, Count de,Waldstein, Count and Countess de,Wales, FREDERIC, Prince of,Wales, AUGUSTA, Princess of,Wallenstein, Count and Countess of,Walrave, M. Engineer,Walstein, the great Soldier,Wartemberg. Count and Countess,Wartemberg. The King of Prussi's Tears at his Funeral,Wartemberg. His Administration,Wartensteben, Count,Wasserbourg, t.Water works, at Herenhausen,Wederkopf, M. de,Weiller, a Prussian Colonel,Weimar, t.Weimar. Its Dukes,Weissenberg Battle,WEISSENBOURG, t.Wenceslaus (St.). K. of Bohemia,Wens in Throats,Wensen, M. Marshal of the Prussian Court,
WERMSTORF,Werth, John de,Wetzlar Tribunal,Whim, a fine Seat so called near Hanover,William of Saxe-Gotha, Prince,William-Henry, Duke of Saxe-Eysonach,Willigise, ABp of Mentz,Wirtemberg, Lewis Prince of,Wirtemberg, Charles-Alexander Duke,Wirtemberg. His Duchess,Wirtemberg, His Brother Frederic,Wirtemberg, Eberhard-Lewis D.Wirtemberg, Eberhard-Lewis D. His Duchess,Wirtemberg, Eberhard-Lewis D. His Son,Wirtemberg, Eberhard-Lewis D. Daughter,Wirtemberg-Oels, Augusta-Louisa, Princess of,Wirtemberg-Oels,Christian-Ulric, Duke of,Witgenstein, Count,Woad, three sorts of it,Wohlin, Baron de,Wolckenstein, Count de,Wolfembuttle Family and Court,Wolfembuttle. Its Inhabitants compared to the Hogs of Westphalia,Wolfembuttle. The Duchess Dowager,WOLFENBUTTLE, t.Wolffenstein, Sophia-Christina, Countess of,Women, of the Levant and Hamburg, their great Confinement,WORMS, t.Wratislaw, Francis-Charles, Co. de,Wratislaw, Francis-Charles. His Countess,Wreech,de, Colonel,Wurben, Countess de, Mistress to the D. of Wirtemberg,Wurben. Her Disgrace,Wurm, M. de, Master of the Horse to the D. of Saxe-Gotha,Wurmbrandt, Count de,Wurtenberg, Christina-Charlotta de, Margravine of Brandenburg-Anspach,WURTZBOURG, t.WURTZBOURG. Power and Splendor of its Bishop,
Z.ZECH, Bernard, Baron deZell, Duke and Duchess,ZELL, t.Zenta, Prince N's Victory there,Zinzendorf, Lewis, Count de,Zinzendorf, Lewis. The Dignity hereditary in his Family,Zobel, Baron de,Zochau, Baron de,
