MembersPrinciples

Agreements and Compromises

MembersWhite55 delegates MalesStatesmen, lawyers, planters. bankers,

businessmenMost under age 50

ABSENT from the ConventionJohn Adams- ambassador to EnglandThomas Jefferson- ambassador to FrancePatrick Henry- “smelled a rat”Sam Adams- not chosen by state to be part of the delegation

Famous MembersAlexander Hamilton- leader of strong

governmentGeorge Washington- chairman of the

conventionJames Madison- ‘father of the Constitution’Benjamin Franklin- oldest member at 81 was

also at the 2nd Continental Congress

Agreements and Compromises

All agreed that rights to property should be protected.

Ben Franklin proposed universal suffrage for all males, but most wanted only those with land to vote

Most delegates favored a bicameral legislature

Agreements and CompromisesVirginia Plan- favored by large states

Proposed by Edmund Randolph Written by James MadisonEndorsed by Alexander Hamilton

Wanted Government with a bicameral legislatureLarge house elected by popular voteSmaller house chosen by larger house members

from nominees chosen by state legislaturesNumber of Representatives based on wealth

Agreements and CompromisesNew Jersey Plan- favored by small states

Proposed by William PatersonUnicameral houseEach state one voteDid not require a strong central government

The Great CompromiseAka: Connecticut CompromiseBicameral house- benefit all states

One house called Senate (Small states happy) Members chosen by the state legislatures Each state gets one vote

One house called House of Representatives(Lg. States) Members chosen by population Number of members based on population

Agreements and CompromisesThree-fifths clause

favors Southern statesAll slaves would be counted in the census for

representation in the House as 3/5ths of a man

Agreements and CompromisesElectoral College

People chosen by the state legislaturesVote for president and vice-presidentSupposed to reflect the will of the people

Agreements and CompromisesAmendment compromise

2/3 vote of each house of Congress and ratified by ¾ of the state legislatures

2/3 vote of both houses and ratified by state conventions of ¾ of the states (used 21st amendment)

PREAMBLE – States the purposes of government

Article 1: Legislative BranchArticle 2: Executive BranchArticle 3: Judicial BranchArticle 4: Relations among the StatesArticle 5: Amending ProcessArticle 6: National SupremacyArticle 7: Ratification of the Constitution

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH – makes lawsCONGRESS

HOUSE of REPRESENTATIV

ES435 members

Based On PopulationTERM LEVEL – 2

years

SENATE100 members

2 per stateEach state has

equal representation

TERM LEVEL – 6 years

EXECUTIVE BRANCH Enforces LawsPRESIDENT

TERM LEVEL – 4 years

VICE PRESIDENTPresident of the

SenateTERM LEVEL – 4 years

15 Executive Departments

(Cabinet)Each headed by a

“Secretary”

Independent Agencies (NASA, Post Office, FDA,

CDC, etc)

JUDICIAL BRANCH–interprets laws

SUPREME COURT9 Justices

TERM LEVEL – Life terms

DISTRICT COURTS

Trial Courts

COURT of APPEALS

Appeal Courts

The Bill of RightsThe First 10 Amendments to the Constitution

Take notes on the slides as they appear.

1st AmendmentThe 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of

religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition.

This means that we all have the right to:practice any religion we want to to speak freelyto assemble (meet)to address the government (petition)to publish newspapers, TV, radio, Internet

(press)

1st Amendment Personal Freedoms (Speech, religion, press, assemble)

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

2nd AmendmentThe 2nd

Amendment protects the right to bear arms, which means the right to own a gun.

3rd AmendmentThe 3rd Amendment says “No soldier shall, in

time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.”

This means that we cannot be forced to house or quarter soldiers.

4th AmendmentThe 4th Amendment protects the people

from unreasonable searches and seizures. This means that the police must have a

warrant to enter our homes. It also means the government cannot take our property, papers, or us, without a valid warrant based on probable cause (good reason).

5th AmendmentThe 5th Amendment protects people from

being held for committing a crime unless they are properly indicted, (accused)

You may not be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy)

You don’t have to testify against yourself in court. (Self-incrimination)

6th AmendmentThe 6th Amendment

guarantees a speedy trial (you can’t be kept in jail for over a year without a trial)

an impartial jury (doesn’t already think you are guilty)

that the accused can confront witnesses against them

the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer

7th AmendmentThe 7th Amendment guarantees the right to a

speedy civil trial.A civil trial differs from a criminal trial. A

civil trial is when someone sues someone else. A criminal trial is when the state tries to convict someone of a crime.

8th AmendmentThe 8th

Amendment guarantees that punishments will be fair and not cruel, and that extraordinarily large fines will not be set.

9th Amendment

All rights not stated in the Constitution and not forbidden by the Constitution belong to the people.

This means that the states can do what they want if the Constitution does not forbid it.

10th AmendmentThe 10th Amendment states that any power

not granted to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people.

1. FREEDOM of Religion, Press, Speech, Assembly, Petition

2. RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS

3. No QUARTERING of soldiers in peacetime

4. NO UNREASONABLE SEARCH and SEIZURE

5. PROTECTION of ACCUSED

6. RIGHT TO A SPEEDY, PUBLIC TRIAL BY JURY

7. TRIAL BY JURY IN CIVIL SUITS

8. NO EXCESSIVE FINES or CRUEL PUNISHMENT

9. POWERS RESERVED TO THE PEOPLE

10.POWERS RESERVED TO THE STATES

First First 10 Amendments10 Amendments to the to the Constitution in 1791Constitution in 1791

Rights and freedoms won in the Rights and freedoms won in the Revolution are preserved and Revolution are preserved and

protected…protected…

Bill of rights