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8/17/2019 MELJUN CORTES RESEARCH Lectures IPO Context Diagram DFD
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INPUT-PROCESS-
OUTPUT(IPO CHART)
Cheerly Rosal
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What is it?
The IPO diagram is a visual representation of aprocess or activity.
It lists input variables and output characteristics.
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Why use it?
IPO diagram is useful in defining a process and
recognizing the input variables and responses/
outputs.
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When to use it?
Understand hat inputs are needed to achieve
each specific output.
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Defnition o te!s
INPUT is the data fowinginto the system rom outside.
PROCESSING is the action omanipulating the input into a
more useul orm.
OUTPUT is the inormationfowing out o the system.
FEEDBACK occurs when theoutcome has an infuence on
the input.
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INPUT: The teacher takesregister to see who is not intoday.
PROCESSING: The data isloaded into the school databaseand processed to create
attendance record o each pupil.
OUTPUT: Print out o astudent who has beenabsent.
FEEDBACK: The teachers needs to ndout why the student has been absent and thereason recorded in the input once more.It will also hopeully cause the pupil to havebetter attendance record.
So!e E"a!#$es (Atten%an&e syste! ins&hoo$)
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So!e E"a!#$es[cont.]
!lbum title
!rtist name !rtist I"
#uery
report
"isplay or
print lists of
albums
produced by
particular
artists
! person
types data
into a
database system
by means of a
$eyboard
The $eystro$esbeing entered by
the typist is
converted into
!%CII format that
the computer can
understand.
The $eystro$esbeing entered are
immediately shon
on the typist&s
monitor so she can
see hat is being
entered.
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So!e E"a!#$es[cont.]
Client
Design
aterial
!dhesives
Tools
"orkers
#inished product
Pay "orkers
$appy customer
aking
Check%uality&et tools
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
Context Diagram
Is the highest level view of a system, similar to Block Diagram,showing a, possibly software-based, system as a whole and itsinputs and outputs from/to external factors.
Shows the entire system as a single process. Interactions withusers and other external entities are shown as dataflow.
They do not show the major functional processes but areparticularly useful for agreeing the system boundary.
Documents the system’s boundaries by highlighting its sourcesand destinations. Documenting the system’s boundaries bydrawing a context diagram helps the analyst, the user, and theresponsible managers visualize alternative high-level logicalsystem designs.
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
Purpose o ContextDiagram
1.It clarifies to the user audience the analyst's understanding of
thescope of the proposed system, the kinds of users the
system will have, and the data coming out from and going into
the system. A surprising number of misunderstandings are
exposed at this early stage.
2.It motivates and establishes a framework for the more
complicated next level (below).
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
Symbols Used on Diagrams
•processes are shown as squares withrounded corners
ProcessIn%uiries
•external entities (the people with whom theprocess interacts)
'(ternal'ntities
•Relationship or what we call data flows- itshows the relationship between externalentities and the process.
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
How are Context Diagram Drawn
When drawing a context diagram, you:
'irstly( dra and name a single process bo) that represents the entire
system.
*e)t( identify and add the e)ternal entities that communicate directly ith
the process bo). "o this by considering origin and destination of the
resource flos and data flos.
'inally( add the resource flos and data flos to the diagram.
Note: In drawing the context diagram you should only be concerned with the most important
information flows. These will be concerned with issues such as: how orders are received and checked,
with providing good customer service and with the paying of invoices. Remember that no business
process diagram is the definitive solution there is no absolute right or wrong.
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+,
Conte)t "iagram - IPO "iagram
&)PP*I'+ C)&T,'+
-
&!*'&
P+,C'&&
. o o d s O
r d e r s
P r o m
o t i o n
, i ! i
t ! ,
d e " i
e r i e !
/terminator0 or
input1output fows
Process
fow o inputs andoutputs to androm processes
O r d
e r s
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+
Conte)t "iagram - IPO "iagram
!CCOU*TI*
0!R12OU%1CU%TO31R
4
Order
%ystem
Order
Payment
In 5%toc$
Re6uest
%tatus
3essage
Invoice %hipping Confirmation
%hipping
Order
Inventory
Reports
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Conte)t "iagram - IPO "iagram
'mployee
!ccountingDepartmen
t
4
Payroll
%ystem
Payroll Chec$
Time %heet
Ta) 'ormPayroll Report
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Conte)t "iagram - IPO "iagram
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Conte)t "iagram - IPO "iagram
Boo#
Supp$ier
%i&rar'
S'stem
#
Borro"
er2ook
:oo$ "etails
Order
2ook
:oo$ Re6uest
!vailability -
!dvice
Reservation
In6uiry
:orroer
*umber
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9+
Conte)t "iagram - IPO "iagram