MELJUN CORTES - Operations Management 7th Lecture (JOB DESIGN)

8/9/2019 MELJUN CORTES - Operations Management 7th Lecture (JOB DESIGN)

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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,

MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS

Operations Management

MELJUNELJUN

MELJUN CORTES,BSCS,ACS

Department of ICT

Faculty of Information

Technology


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MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS

H

APTER

7

Design ofWork Systems

MELJUNELJUN


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MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS

Job design involves specifying the contentand methods of job

What will be done

Who will do the job How the job will bob will be done

Where the job will be done

Ergonomics

Job DesignJob Design


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MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS

Design of Work SystemsDesign of Work Systems

Specialization Behavioral Approaches to Job Design

Teams

Methods Analysis

Motions Study

Working conditions


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MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS

Job Design SuccessJob Design Success

Successful Job Design must be: Carried out by experienced personnel with

the necessary training and background

Consistent with the goals of theorganization

In written form

Understood and agreed to by both

management and employees


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MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS

Specialization in Business: AdvantagesSpecialization in Business: Advantages

ForManagement:

1. Simplifies training

2. High productivity

3. Low wage costs

ForLabor:

1. Low education and

skill requirements2.Minimum

responsibilities

3.Little mental effortneeded

Table 7.1


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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

ForManagement:

1. Difficult to motivate

quality2. Worker dissatisfaction,

possibly resulting in

absenteeism, high

turnover, disruptivetactics, poor attention

to quality

ForLabor:

1. Monotonous work

2. Limited opportunitiesfor advancement

3. Little control over work

4. Little opportunity for

self-fulfillment

Table 7.1


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Behavioral Approaches to Job DesignBehavioral Approaches to Job Design

Job Enlargement Giving a worker a larger portion of the total

task by horizontal loading

Job Rotation Workers periodically exchange jobs

Job Enrichment

Increasing responsibility for planning andcoordination tasks, by vertical loading

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MBA MPA BSCS ACS


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Motivation and TrustMotivation and Trust

Motivation Influences quality and productivity

Contributes to work environment

Trust Influences productivity and employee-

management relations

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MBA MPA BSCS ACS


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TeamsTeams

Benefits of teams Higher quality

Higher productivity

Greater worker satisfaction Self-directed teams

Groups of empowered to make certain

changes in their work process

MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES

MBA MPA BSCS ACS


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Methods AnalysisMethods Analysis

Methods analysis Analyzing how a job gets done

Begins with overall analysis

Moves to specific details


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Methods AnalysisMethods Analysis

Changes in tools and equipment

Changes in product design

or new products

Changes in materials or procedures

Other factors (e.g. accidents, quality

problems)

The need for methods analysis can comefrom a number of different sources:


MBA MPA BSCS ACS


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Methods Analysis ProcedureMethods Analysis Procedure

1. Identify the operation to be studied2. Get employee input

3. Study and document current method

4. Analyze the job

5. Propose new methods

6. Install new methods

7. Follow-up to ensure improvements

have been achieved


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Analyzing the JobAnalyzing the Job

Flow process chart Chart used to examine the overall sequence

of an operation by focusing on movements

of the operator or flow of materials Worker-machine chart

Chart used to determine portions of a work

cycle during which an operator andequipment are busy or idle


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FLOW PROCESS CHART

Job Requisition of petty cash

Details of Method

ANALYSTD. Kolb PAGE1 of 2

Operatio

n

M

ovem

ent

In

spec

tion

Dela

y

Sto

rag

e

Requisition made by department head

Put in pick-up basket

To accounting departmentAccount and signature verified

Amount approved by treasurer

Amount counted by cashier

Amount recorded by bookkeeper

Petty cash sealed in envelopePetty cash carried to department

Petty cash checked against requisition

Receipt signed

Petty cash stored in safety box

Figure 7-2


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Motion StudyMotion Study

Motion study is the systematicstudy of the human motions used

to perform an operation.


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Motion Study TechniquesMotion Study Techniques

Motion study principles - guidelines fordesigning motion-efficient work procedures

Analysis of therbligs - basic elemental

motions into which a job can be brokendown

Micromotion study - use of motion pictures

and slow motion to study motions thatotherwise would be too rapid to analyze

Charts


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1. Eliminate unnecessary motions2. Combine activities

3. Reduce fatigue

4. Improve the arrangement of the workplace

5. Improve the design of tools and equipment

Developing Work MethodsDeveloping Work Methods


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Working ConditionsWorking Conditions

T e m p e r a t u r e &H u m i d i t y V e n t i l a t i

I l l u m i n a t i o n C o l o r


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Working Conditions (contd)Working Conditions (contd)

Noise & Vibration

Causes of AccidentsSafety

Work Breaks


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Work MeasurementWork Measurement

Standard time Stopwatch time study

Historical times Predetermined data

Work Sampling


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CompensationCompensation

Time-based system Compensation based on time an employee

has worked during a pay period

Output-based (incentive) system Compensation based on the amount of output

an employee produces during a pay period


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Form of Incentive PlanForm of Incentive Plan

Accurate Easy to apply

Consistent

Easy to understand

Fair


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CompensationCompensation

Individual Incentive Plans Group Incentive Plans

Knowledge-Based Pay System Management Compensation

Documents

MELJUN CORTES - Operations Management 7th Lecture (JOB DESIGN)