MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter19

8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter19

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Chapter 19Portable

Computing

MELJUN CORTES


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MELJUN CORTES

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

OverviewIn this chapter, you will learn to

Describe the many types of portable computingdevices available

Enhance and upgrade portable computers

Manage and maintain portable computers

Troubleshoot portable computers


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CompTIA A+Essentials

Essentials

Getting the Right Sound Card

Portable Computing Devices


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LCD ScreensMajor contributor to cost

Most range from 12 inch to 17 inch Aspect ratio changing from 4:3 standardFor comparison, 16:9 is standard for widescreen16:10 is the standard for 17-inch LCD screen

Mode Name ResolutionXGA eXtended Graphics Array 1024 x 768

SXGA Super eXtended Graphics Array 1280 x 1024SXGA+ Super eXtended Graphics Array Plus 1400 x 1050WSXGA+ Widescreen SXGA Plus 1680 x 1050UXGA Ultra eXtended Graphics Array 1600 x 1200WUXGA Widescreen UXGA 1920 x 1200


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LCD ScreensTwo types of finishes

MatteTraditional standard

Reduces glareWashes out a lot in bright lightHopeless in bright daylight

High GlossRelatively newOffers sharper contrast, richer colors and widerviewing angles


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Desktop ReplacementsTypical laptops can function as a fully standalonePC

Can be used as adesktop replacement

Input devicesTrackballs on early laptopsIBMs TrackPoint pencil eraser sized

joystick in the middle of the keyboardTouchpads


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Desktop ExtendersDesktop extenders are portable devices

Not intended to take the place of a desktop

Think of them as a smaller, lighter, less-powerful laptopfor less intensive use



PDAsPersonal digital assistants (PDA s)

Tiny, handheld portable computing devices

Address book, personal notes, appointments, word

processors, image viewers

Often use handwriting recognition with a pen-stylestylus for pen-based computing

Use specialized OS such as Windows CE,PocketPC, PalmOS, and Linux

Made by Palm, Sony, Toshiba, Hewlett-Packard,

Microsoft, and other companies



PDA FeaturesHotSyncCan synchronize data between PDA

and office PCPalmOS calls it HotSync

BeamingPDAs typically have IR portsCan transfer data (beam) between PDAs

PDA MemoryInternal flash ROM of 1 MB or moreCompactFlash cards that areremovable and upgradeablefor removable storage needs



Tablet PCsCombines handwriting benefits of PDAs withpower of traditional laptops

Use a stylus to write

Applications can use digitalink to capture pen strokes



Portable Computer Device Types

Screen Size Weight UsesDesktopreplacements

14 20 inches 8 12 lbs Mobile anything

Desktop

extenders

10 14 inches 4 lbs Presentations, note

takingUltralights 6 12 inches 2 3 lbs Long-term travelingTablet PCs 10 12 inches 4 lbs Niche marketUltra-mobilePCs

4 7 inches 1 2 lbs Niche market

PDAs 3 4 inches 1 lb OrganizationPDA phones 2 niches < 1 lb Eliminates cell phone



IT Technician

CompTIA A+Technician

Enhance and Upgradethe Portable PC



PC CardsPC Cards are commonly known as the PersonalComputer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA )

Hot-swappable devicesEasy to use, inexpensive, and convenient



PC CardsParallel PC Cards

16-bit or CardBus (32-bit 3.3V cards)Three sizes: Type I (thinnest), II, and III (thickest)Cards can have one or many functions

ExpressCardHigh-performance serial version

Can connect to USB 2.0 slot (480 Mbps) or PCIe(2.5 Gbps)



Card TypesType Length Width Thickness Typical UseType I 85.6 mm 54 mm 3.3 mm Flash memory

Type II 85.6 mm 54 mm 5.0 mm I/O (modem, NIC, etc.)

Type III 85.6 mm 54 mm 10.5 mm Hard drives



PC CardsTwo levels of software drivers

Socket servicesDevice drivers that enable the system to detect when a PC Card isinserted or removedProvide necessary I/O to the device

Standardized and handled by the system BIOS

Card servicesRecognize the function of a particular PC Card and provide thespecialized drivers required to make the card work

Handled by Windows Accessed via PCMCIA option in Control Panel



Limited-Function Ports All portable PCs and many PDAs come with avariety of ports

VGA connection for hooking up an external monitorPS/2 port for an external keyboard or mouseBuilt-in NICs and modems for network support

All of these work the same as in desktop PCs

Video portsExternal monitor, projector,

or a combination of bothSpeaker portsExtra function key



General-Purpose PortsLegacy ports

PS/2, RS-232

USB and FireWireWork same as in PC

Port replicators

Plug into a single portOffer common PC portssuch as serial, parallel,network, and PS/2



Docking StationsGives laptops access to PC resources

Large monitors, regular mice, network connections,and full-size keyboards

Provides an easy way to take your laptop in andout of the office

Basically a port

replicator with extrafeatures such as aDVD drive or PCCard slots



Replacing RAMNo standard method

You usually have to unscrew or pop open a panelon the underside of the portable



Shared MemoryReduces cost of video cards

Reduces amount of memory on the video card

Shared memory technologiesTurboCache (NVIDIA)HyperMemory (ATI)

System RAM will report less RAM availableNot shared as much as taken from OSOnce taken, OS no longer has access to the RAM



The Modular LaptopCommon components that can be replaced orupgraded in a portable PC

Hard drives2.5-inch ATA drives most common

Cable select often requiredOtherwise the same as regular3.5-inch drives

Modular CPUsJust replace with a newer module from Intel or AMD

Video cardsLeast standardized



The Modular LaptopCommon components that can be replaced orupgraded in a portable PC

Modular DrivesCD-ROM, DVD-ROM, CD-R/W, hard drives

Mobile NICs and Mini PCIMost laptops have dial-up modems and Ethernet

Many also come with integrated wireless networking supportMany devices can be toggled on and off with keycombinations such as FN-F2


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Managing and MaintainingPortable Computers


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MaintenanceEverything you normally do to maintain a PCapplies to portable PCs

Windows patches and Service PacksUpgrading driversCHKDSKScanDiskDefragmentDisk Cleanup


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BatteriesThree types of commonly used batteries

Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd)Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH)Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion)


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Nickel-Cadmium BatteriesNickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd ) batteries

First batteries commonly used in mobile PCs

Battery memory is the tendency of a Ni-Cd batteryto lose a significant amount of its recharge ability

Conditioning charge couldsometimes resolve battery

memory problem At best, can only berecharged about 1000 times

Toxic dispose of at recycling centers


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Nickel Metal HydrideNickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries

Next generation of mobile PC batteries

Less susceptible to memory problemsand last longer betweenrecharges

Still susceptible to heat

Popular replacement forNi-Cd systems


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Lithium IonLithium Ion batteries

Most common type of battery used todayPowerfulCompletely immune to memory problemsBuilt-in circuitry to prevent accidental overcharging


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Other Portable Power Sources

Smart batteries Tell the computer when they need to be charged,conditioned, or replaced

Fuel cells Promising new technology that could power alaptop for up to 40 hours before refillingHasnt yet reached the consumer market


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Battery MaintenanceBatteries should be stored in a cool place

Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries should be conditionedby using a special charger

Battery contacts should be kept clean using alittle alcohol or dry cloth

Used or old batteries should be recycled


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Power Management


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Power ManagementPower management goals

Shut down unused devices selectively

Define a maximum period of inactivity

Shut down the entire system during longer periodsof inactivity

Ready to restart if triggered by a wake-up eventSensitive to potential hazards like shutting down thehard drive in the middle of a write operation

Keep the system cost about the same


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System Management ModeSystem Management Mode (SMM )

Set of features that enables the CPU to slow downor stop its clock without deleting information

Stops the CPU and all of the peripherals

Requires a specialized BIOS and OS

To further power management capabilities,Intel introduced

Advanced Power Management ( APM ) in 1992 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ( ACPI ) in 1996


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Requirements for APM/ACPI APM and ACPI require the following in order tofunction properly

An SMM-capable CPU

APM-compliant BIOS

Devices that will accept being shut off(Energy Star)

A system OS that knows how to request theshutdown of a particular device


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APM/ACPI LevelsFull On

No power management everything running

APM EnabledCPU and RAM running at full powerUnused devices may or may not be shut down

APM StandbyCPU is stopped (can easily be restarted)RAM still stores all the programs

All peripherals are shut down

APM SuspendEverything is shut down or at its lowest power-consumptionHibernation (stores everything in RAM on the hard drive beforepowering down)


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APM/ACPI ConfigurationCMOS settings Windows

Overrides CMOS settings

Display applet in ControlPanel

Settings Advanced Monitortab

Power Management applet inControl Panel


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Configuration of APM/ACPI Windows


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Cleaning & HeatCleaning

Use a screen cleaner to clean the LCD screen ( not a glasscleaner)Use compressed air to clean out the keyboard and PC Cardsockets

HeatUse power managementKeep air space between the bottom of the laptop and the surfaceit sits onDont use a keyboard protector Listen for fan running a lot or stopping


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Protect the MachineProtect your investment with best practices

Tripping Watch the power cord

Storage Protect from damage and dirt

Travel Remember foreign power is 230 V

Shipping Protect from damage and theft

Security Protect from theft


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TroubleshootingLaptop wont power on

Verify the outlet is goodVerify the adapter is goodRemove all peripherals

Screen doesnt come on properly Make sure the display is onPress FN key combination to activate the screen

Wireless networking doesnt work Check for physical or software switch to turn it onEnsure youre in range


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TroubleshootingHandwriting is not recognized

May need to retrain the digitizer

Keypad doesnt work Probably unseated keypad connectorCheck manufacturers disassembly procedures

Touchpad doesnt work Clean with compressed airMay need to reconfigure touchpad driver


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Beyond A+Intels Centrino Technology

Extremely low powerFast CPUsIntegrated wireless networking

Origami Ultra-Mobile PCs (UMPC)Small form factor tablet PCRuns full-fledged OS such asWindows XP or Vista


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Documents

MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter19