MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter12

8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter12

1/50

Chapter 12

Understanding

Windows

MELJUN CORTES


2/50

MELJUN CORTES

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Overview

In this chapter, you will learn to

Identify and explain the basic functions and features

of an operating system

Install and upgrade Windows 2000 and Windows

XP

Troubleshoot installation problems


3/50

Functions of the Operating System

Historical/Conceptual


4/50


Functions of an Operating System

Communicate with hardware

Provide a user interface

Provide a structure for access to applications

Enable users to manipulate programs and data


5/50


Operating System Traits

An OS works only with a particular type of processor

An OS begins running as soon as the PC finishes itsPOST

Application programs cannot run on a PC without anOS Programs use APIs (application programming

interfaces)

Flexibleallows use of new software and hardware


6/50


Operating System Traits

Different OSs require different applications

Operating System Application

Mac OS X Microsoft Office 2004

Windows XP Microsoft Office 2006

Linux OpenOffice


7/50 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Communicating with Hardware

BIOS includes code that tells the computer howto talk to basic hardware

The OS works with BIOS to talk to these devices

When BIOS does not know how to talk to a piece of

hardware, the OS talks directly to the device

Most OSs use device drivers provided by the manufacturer

(Bring Your Own BIOS) to interpret the language necessary

to talk to a new device

When theres a problem, the OS should provide

error handling or at least error notification



Creating a User Interface

A user interfaceneeds to

Show what applications are available

Provide an easy way to access

applications

Provide a way to label and save

the data

Disappear and allow the application to

take over the screen

Pick a shoe

Pick an application



Organizing Programs and Data

The OS needs to be able to organize andmanipulate programs and data

Provides name (or label) for each program and

each piece of data

Provides naming system for drives

Allows users to store data and programs inorganized fashion

Allows users to manipulate data and programs


10/50

Essentials

CompTIA A+Essentials



Operating System Interfaces

Command-line interface Character-based or text-based

Covered in Chapter 14

Graphical user interface(GUI)

Uses icons and pictures

User interacts with OS by pointing and clicking with mouse



Todays Operating Systems

Overview

Microsoft Windows

Apple Macintosh

UNIX

Linux



Microsoft Windows

Corporate Users

Windows NT 3.1

Windows NT 4.0

Windows 2000 Windows XP Pro

Home Users

Windows 9x

Windows 95

Windows 98 Windows Me

XP Home

XP Media

Recently releasedWindows Vista

Versions for corporate and home users



General Windows Features

File systems Corporate used NTFS

Home used FAT and FAT32

Today both supported, but NTFS used for security

Plug and Play

Appeared with Windows 95

Migrated to corporate side with Windows 2000



XP



Windows XP

Ended the Windows 9xproduct line

Windows XP Home

Basic features for home users

Windows XP Professional

Advanced features include security for corporate

users

Windows XP Media Edition

Advanced features for home users include ability to

watch TV and movies



Windows Server Products

Windows NT 4.0 Server

Windows 2000 Server

Windows 2003

Server



Apple Macintosh

Used GUI long before Windows

Proprietary computers

Current OS is OS X

Macs now runon Intel CPUs

Uses BSD

variant of

UNIX



UNIX

Oldest, most powerful OS

Many current OSs have concepts developed from

UNIX

Open sourceallows variants of OS



Linux

UNIX-like OS written by Linus Torvalds

Runs on Intel/AMD processors

Free OS

Source code also freely available

Uses the GNU general public license (GPL)

Linux and applications bundled as Linuxdistributions (distros)



Linux

Distributions

Fedora Core

Debian

Slackware

Ubuntu

SuSE


22/50

Installing and Upgrading Windows


23/50


Preparing for Installation

or Upgrade

1. Identify hardware requirements

2. Verify hardware and software compatibility

3. Decide: Clean install or upgrade?

4. Back up data

5. Select an install method

6. Identify partition and file systems to use

7. Determine computers network role

8. Decide on language and locale settings9. Plan for post-installation tasks


24/50


Identify Hardware Requirements

Core Resources

CPU

RAM

Free hard disk space

Miscellaneous

Video adapter

Display

Storage devices


25/50


Verify Compatibility

Hardware and software

Use Windows Marketplace (formally known as

Hardware Compatibility List)


26/50


Clean Install or Upgrade

Clean install Usually done on empty hard disk

All applications must be installed

Upgrade

New OS installs on top of the old one

Many previous settings and capabilities retained

Applications dont need to be reinstalled

Multiboot

Doing a clean install side by side with another OS

Enables you to boot to more than one OS


27/50


Other Installation Methods

When deploying many computers, automatedmethods used

Imagecomplete copy of OS and applications

Norton Ghost

PowerQuests Drive Image

Acroniss True Image

Remote Installation Services (RIS)


28/50


Back Up Data

If data saved to central server, this step can beskipped

If data exists on local drive, it needs to be backed

up

Back up to network server, DVD, USB, hard drive,

etc. Will need to restore data from this location after

upgrade or reinstall


29/50


Select an Installation Method

Two basic choices

CD-ROM (A+ focus)

Boot from CD and start

installation

Over the network (Network+ focus)


30/50


Determine Partition & File System

Partition Create when drive first created (or use third-party

tools to repartition)

If multiboot, use one partition for each OS

File system

Use NTFS whenever possiblesecurity features

are valuable

If older OSs need FAT or FAT32, use FAT or FAT32

for their partition


31/50


Miscellaneous

Network role Standalone, workgroup, or domain

Environment determines choice

Language and locale settings Languages and displays can be configured for

different countries

Post-installation tasks Install service packs, hotfixes, etc.

Install updated drivers

Install applications


32/50


Install or Upgrade

Text mode End user license agreement (EULA)

Partition hard disk

Files copied to hard disk

Graphical mode

Enter product key

Remaining installation completes

Upgrade disks are typically cheaper

Require OS to be already installed or separate disk

used to verify upgrade disk can be used


33/50


Post-Installation Tasks

Similar as required for clean install

Identify installation problems

Install patches, service packs, and updates

Upgrade drivers

Restore user data


34/50


Windows 2000 Professional

Hardware Requirements

Component Minimum Recommended

CPU Pentium 133 MHZ Pentium II 350 MHZ

Memory 64 MB 128 MB

Hard Disk 2 GB with 650 MB

free

6.4 GB with 2 GB free

Network None Modern NIC

Display VGA resolution SVGA resolution

Optical Not required unless

installing from CD

Not required unless

installing from CD


35/50


Install Upgrade XP Pro

Upgrade paths

Windows 98

Windows

XP Pro

Windows Me

Windows NT 4.0

SP5 or later

Windows 2000 Pro

(including SPs)

Windows XP Home


36/50


XP Professional

Hardware Requirements

Component Minimum Recommended

CPU Intel or AMD 233

MHZ

Intel or AMD 300 MHZ

Memory 64 MB 256 MB

Hard Disk 1.5 GB available

hard drive space

4 GB available hard

drive space

Network None Modern NIC

Display DirectX version 8

800 X 600 resolution

DirectX version 8

800 X 600 resolution

Optical Any CD or DVD

drive

Any CD or DVD drive


37/50


XP Pro Compatibility

Upgrade Advisor

First process that runs from setup.exe

Provides list of devices and software known to haveissues with XP

Can be run by itself From Microsofts Web site

Or winnt32 /checkupgradeonly

On the installation CD or can be downloadedfor free


38/50


XP Installation

Bootable CD-ROM boots into setup May need to set boot order in BIOS

Registrationoptional

Activation

Mandatory within 30 days

Anti-piracy mechanism System disabled after 30

days if not activated

Via Internet or phone


39/50


2000 and XP Upgrade Issues

Can upgrade to 2000 Pro from 95 and 98 but notMe

Some 9xapplications wont run on 2000 and XP

Third-party disk compression applications not

supported on 2000/XP

Third-party power management applications cancause problems with 2000/XP installation


40/50


Pre-Upgrade Steps

Check compatibility Back up data and configuration files

Perform spring cleaning

Perform disk scan and defrag Uncompress all

Perform virus scan and disable or remove virus-

checking software

Disable CMOS virus checking Be prepared to do clean install


41/50


2000/XP Clean Install

Steps same for both Start by booting to CD-ROM

Text mode

Can partition drive in this mode

Choose file system (usually NTFS)


42/50



Graphical mode

Enter product key

Good idea to write this on the CD


43/50



Configure computer name and administratorpassword

Network settings


44/50


Automating the Install

Scripted installation Setup Manager creates answer files

Available on CD or can be downloaded

Creates answer files for multiple OSs

Fully automated or partially automated


45/50


Automating the Install

Disk cloning problem Unique security identifier (SID) is not unique

if cloned

Solution

GhostWalker or NewSID can be used to create new

SID

Sysprep sanitizes many unique settings on acomputer such as SID


46/50

Troubleshooting Installation

Problems


47/50


Text Mode Errors

No boot device Either startup disk is bad, or CMOS not set to boot

off CD-ROM first

Windows Setup requires X amount of available

drive space Check formatting and/or space of C: drive

Not ready error on optical drive

Check the CD-ROM drive and disc

BSOD

Probably due to hardware incompatibility

Check KB 165863


48/50


Graphical Mode Errors

Hardware detection errors Could be hardware incompatibility

If non-critical hardware, find and install correct

drivers

Cant read CAB files

Check the CD-ROM for scratches

Try copying i386 files onto hard drive

Replace the CD-ROM


49/50


Lockups During Install

Smart recovery, repair install Unplug system and restart

Will automatically start where it left off

Optical drive, hard drive

Try another disc or another CD-ROM drive

Log filestrack progress of install Setuplog.txt

Setupapi.log


50/50

Documents

MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter12