MELJUN CORTES ANDROID First History Lectures Handouts

8/20/2019 MELJUN CORTES ANDROID First History Lectures Handouts

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ANDROID and

ANDROID PHONES

MELJUN P CORTES


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Contents History

Introduction of android

Android versions

Android architecture Security

Features of android

Advantages of android

Disadvantage of android

Conclusion


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HISTORY OF ANDROID

Android Inc.founded in Palo Alto,california ,united

states in October 2003 by Andy Rubin[co-founder ofdanger ],rich miner[co-founder of wildfirecommunication Inc.],nick sears[once VP at T-mobile],

and Chris white[headed design and interface

development at web TV] to develop.


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WHAT IS ANDROID?• It is a open source software platform and operating system

for mobile devices

• Based on the Linux kernel

• Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance(OHA)

Allows writing managed code in the Java language

•

Android has its own virtual machine i.e. DVM(Dalvik VirtualMachine),which is used for executing the android applicatn.

• Google purchased the initial developer of the software ,android incorporated in 2005.


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Open Handset Alliance

• The open handset alliance(OHA) is abusiness alliance of firm to develop

open standard for mobile devices.

• Devoted to advancing open standardsfor mobile devices

• Develop technologies that willsignificantly lower the cost of developingand distributing mobile devices andservices.


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Open Handset Alliance (OHA) included

several companies


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ANDROID VERSION


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Android 1.1 (Battenberg)In Feb 2009, version 1.1

Android 1.5 (Cupcake)

Launched in April 2009

Android 1.6 (Donut)- released in sept 2009 Android 2.0 \ 2.1 (Éclair)- released in 26 October 2009 Android 2.2 (Froyo)released in the summer of 2010

Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)Gingerbread landed by the end of 2010

Android 3.0 (Honeycomb)For the first time Google released a software that was totally

focused on tablets. This version, released in 2011

Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0) released in 2012 Android 4.1 (jelly bean4.1) released in 2013

Android 1.0 (Angel Cake)The first version of the open source software was released back in 2008

ANDROID VERSION


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Upcoming Android Version ANDROID 5.0 KEY

LIME PIE ANDROID 4.4 KITKAT

Will be Released october

2013


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ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

The software stack is split into Four Layers::

• The application layer

• The application framework

• The libraries and runtime

• The kernel


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LINUX KERNEL

• The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel.

• This layer is core of android architecture. It provides

service like power management, memory management,

security etc.

• It helps in software or hardware binding for better

communication.


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NATIVE LIBRARIES

• Android has its own libraries, which is written in

C/C++. These libraries cannot be accessed directly.With the help of application framework, we can access

these libraries. There are many libraries like web

libraries to access web browsers, libraries for android

and video formats etc.


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Android Run Time

• The Android Runtime was designed specifically for

Android to meet the needs of running in an embedded

environment where you have limited battery, limitedmemory, limited CPU.

• Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's

android operating system. It is the software that runs the

apps on android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral part

of android ,which is typically used on mobile devices

such as mobile phones and tablet computers.

• Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to

byte code.


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Application Framework

• This is all written in a Java programming language and

the application framework is the toolkit that allapplications use.

• These applications include the ones that come with a

phone like the home applications, or the phone

application.

•It includes applications written by Google, and it

includes apps that will be written by you.

•So, all apps use the same framework and the same

APIs.


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Continued…..

These are as follows:-• Activity manager:-It manages the lifecycle of applications. It

enable proper management of all the activities. All the activities arecontrolled by activity manager.

• Resource manager:-It provides access to non-code resources such

as graphics etc.• Notification manager:-It enables all applications to display custom

alerts in status bar.

• Location manager:- It fires alerts when user enters or leaves aspecified geographical location.

• Package manager:-It is use to retrieve the data about installedpackages on device.

• Window manager:-It is use to create views and layouts.

• Telephony manager:-It is use to handle settings of networkconnection and all information about services on device.


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APPLICATION LAYER

•the final layer on top is Applications.

•It includes the home application the contacts

application , the browser, and apps.

•It is the most upper layer in android architecture.

•All the applications like camera, Google maps,browser,sms,calendars,contacts are native applications.

These applications works with end user with the help of

application framework to operate.


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Security

Android is a multi-process system, in which each

application (and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security between applications and the

system is enforced at the process level through

standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs

that are assigned to applications.


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Continued…

Android is designed having multi layer security which providesflexibility for this platform. When attackers attempt attack on device,android platform help to reduce the portability of the attack.

There are key components of android security which are described asfollows:

Design review:-when a security model is designed then it will bereviewed by the developers so that risk level will be very less whileusing the model.

Code review and penetrating testing:-the goal of this code review isthat in which it will be checked that how the system will become

strong? Open source and community review:-android uses open source

technologies that have significant external review such as Linuxkernel.

Incident response:-android team enables the rapid mitigation of

vulnerabilities to ensure that potential risks to all android users areminimized.


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FEATURES OF ANDROID Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when

Wi-Fi is turned off

Developer logging and analyzing enhancements It is optimized for mobile devices.

It enables reuse and replacement of components.

Java support ,media support, multi touch, videocalling,multi tasking ,voice based features, screencapture, camera ,bluetooth,gps,compass andaccelerometer,3G


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• The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android

platform

•It gives you better notification.

•It lets you choose your hardware.

•It has better app market(1,80,000 application)

•A more mature platform• With the support of many applications, the user can

change the screen display.

•With Google chrome you can open many window at

once.• Supports all Google services: Android operating system

supports all of Google services ranging from Gmail to Google

reader. all Google services can you have with one operating

system, namely Android.

ADVANTAGES


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DIS-ADVANTAGES Android Market is less control of the manager,

sometimes there are malware.

Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of"process" in the background causing the batteryquickly drains.

Sometimes slow device company issued an official

version of Android your own . Extremely inconsistence in design among apps.

Very unstable and often hang or crash.


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LIMITATIONS OF ANDROID

Development requirements in• Java

•Android SDK

•Eclipse IDE (optional)

•Bluetooth limitations:-

Android doesn't support: Bluetooth stereo Contacts exchange Modem pairing Wireless keyboards

•Firefox mobile isn't coming to android because of android

limitations Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom for Java→ Mozilla and the Fennec won't have that

•There are no split or interval times available.

•Small memory size.

•Continuous Internet connection is required


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Android Application Support


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CONCLUSIONWe hope that the next versions

of Android have overcome the actual

limitations and that the future possibilitiesbecame a reality and may this software is

also developed to use in PC’s also.


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Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Android_(operating_system)

http://www.openhandsetalli

ance.com/android_overview

.htmlhttp://www.android.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.htmlhttp://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.htmlhttp://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.htmlhttp://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.htmlhttp://www.android.com/http://www.android.com/http://www.android.com/http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)


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THANK YOU


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MELJUN CORTES ANDROID First History Lectures Handouts