Melissa Edmondson Smith, Ph.D. Assistant Professor
[email protected] Writing and APA Style 1
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Types of Papers you might write: Research Papers: SOWK 670-
Research Proposal SOWK 600- Policy Analysis Clinical Notes: SOWK
630- Practice I: Client Assessment SOWK 631-Practice III:
Organizational Analysis Field Instruction: Case notes, process
recordings Personal Reflections
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Steps to Writing a GREAT Paper 1.Read the instructions 2.Choose
a Topic 3.Make an Outline 4.Find information 5.Digest available
research 6.Tell a story 7.Use APA Style 8.Take advantage of Writing
Resources
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Step 1: Read the Instructions Read & clarify questions
about the assignment. APA style is usually required HOWEVER check
the course syllabi for specific requirements for each class. Every
instructor is different. Every assignment is different.
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Step 2: Choose a topic What is the purpose of the paper?
Describe Compare Review Develop What questions are you trying to
answer?
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Step 3: Make an Outline Introduction Body of Paper Use
assignment guidelines to determine headings Discussion/Conclusion
References (if applicable)
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Step 4: Find Information UMB libraries* HS/HSL Library Marshall
Law Library Journals Books Newspapers Internet Professional
organizations Governmental agencies On-line journals Experts
Sources of Information * See library resources at the end of this
powerpoint
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A note on peer-reviewed journals Professors may ask you to cite
peer-reviewed journals only. Peer-reviewed (or refereed or
scholarly) journals include articles that are submitted by an
author and are accepted for publication only after reviewed by
experts in the given field. Examples: Social Work Research, Social
Work, Research on Social Work Practice, Child Welfare, The
Gerontologist, Psychiatric Services NOT Peer-reviewed: People, Us,
Baltimore Sun, Jet, GQ, Glamour, Time, Newsweek, etc. What about
wikipedia?!?
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Step 5: Digest available research
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Turning stacks of books and articles into coherent paragraphs
Always keep focused on the purpose/ key question! How does this
book/article contribute to my understanding or answering the key
question? Does it inform the background? Does it define a term?
Does it describe the problem? Does it offer a solution? With which
outline point(s) does this source fit?
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Step 6: Tell a story Writing a paper is like telling a story*
You need a beginning (Introduction), middle, & end
(Discussion/Conclusion) that all flow smoothly together Consider
your audience- are they researchers? Practitioners? Clients?
Lawmakers? Streamline- only include the relevant details Clear
language is better than unnecessary big words. * except you cant
make things up that arent true
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How a scientist tells a story Avoid first person DONT SAY: I
believe X works. I think X should work. I used X once with a client
and it seemed to work. I have a friend who knows someone who says X
changed her life. Use evidence from other research to form
argument: SAY: Barth (2002) found that X works. Further, in a study
with a sample of 5,000 people, Smith (2004) concluded that X works.
Based on evidence from several studies, X appears to be a promising
treatment for Y.
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Step 7: Use APA Style The APA Manual Detailed information about
citations and other paper organizational topics are available in
the Publications Manual of the American Psychological Association
(6 th ed.). Each student needs to have access to this book for all
papers. The APA website is inadequate for this purpose.
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APA Structure & Format of a Research Paper Title page
Abstract (not always required) Introduction- Purpose statement
Literature Review Methods/Measures Results Discussion References
These or other headings and subheadings are encouraged in APA
format.
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Elements of the Title Page (p. 23) 15 Running head: SHORTENED
TITLE Full Title Author Name (byline) Institutional
Affiliation
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APA Headings (p. 62) FIVE LEVELS OF HEADINGS POSSIBLE Level 1
is Centered, Bold, Upper and Lowercase Heading Level 2 Flush Left,
Bold, Upper & Lowercase Heading Level 3 is indented, bold,
lowercase paragraph heading with a period. Level 4 is indented,
bold, italicized lowercase paragraph heading with period. Level 5
is indented italicized lowercase with a period.
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Example of Headings Heading Style 1 Heading Style 2 Heading
Style 3 Most papers will have 1- 3 headings
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Quoting & Citing in Text 18 APA Format for short quotations
APA Format for long quotations
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References Examples (pp. 193-224) 19 Book written by Editor
Journal Article with DOI (Digital Object Identifier
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Finally! Step 8: Take advantage of resources Instructors Web
Resources UMB Writing Center UMB HS/HSL Library Refworks 20
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Instructors & syllabi are there to help you! Read your
syllabus. Ask questions. Ask questions in class, go to office
hours, send an email, post a question through Blackboard! Be wary
of advice from peers who are taking the same class from a different
instructor. If you are confused, it is your responsibility to get
help! 21
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Writing Resources ABOUND! Books on Writing: Zinsser, W.K. On
Writing Well (~$10) Strunk & White, The Elements of Style
(~$10) Truss, Eats, Shoots & Leaves (~$5) Punctuation Websites
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/index.aspx
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/index.aspx
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://www.lib.umd.edu/guides/citing_apa.html
http://www.lib.umd.edu/guides/citing_apa.html Podcasts Grammar
Girls Quick & Dirty Tips on Writing:
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/ Popular topics: 22
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UMB Writing Center http://www.umaryland.edu/writing/ 23 Tip:
Call in advance for appointments: wait time can be at least 1
week!
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UMB HS/HSL Library System
http://guides.hshsl.umaryland.edu/socialwork TIPS: Check out the
library guide for social work Attend classes on database searches
& library orientations Gail Betz, the HS/HSL SSW Liaison is a
great library resource. Watch the Daily Bulletin for her Ask The
Librarian Open Office Hours at SSW (usually near the 4 th floor
CyberLounge)
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All students have online access to a FREE resource for managing
references for papers. HS/HSL has on-line video tutorials that will
walk you through each step of use (videos are provided on the
website provided above) Investing a few hours now in learning
RefWorks will save lots of time over the next 2 years. 25
http://guides.hshsl.umaryland.edu/refworks
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Thanks for your attention! Wishing you great success in writing
and learning as MSW students! 26