Mediterranean Mediterranean CivilizationsCivilizations

Coach ParrishCoach Parrish

OMSOMS

Chapter 2, Section 4Chapter 2, Section 4

Phoenician Sea PowerPhoenician Sea Power

►Tyre was a major city located in a region Tyre was a major city located in a region called Phoenicia. Tyre sold purple cloth called Phoenicia. Tyre sold purple cloth that they dyed from snail glands.that they dyed from snail glands.

►Phoenicians became major traders Phoenicians became major traders because of the snail dye and also wood because of the snail dye and also wood from cedar forests.from cedar forests.

►They controlled trade in the They controlled trade in the Mediterranean by telling stories of Mediterranean by telling stories of horrible sea creatures.horrible sea creatures.

Example of snails used by Example of snails used by PhoenicianPhoenician

Phoenician AlphabetPhoenician Alphabet

►Phoenician AlphabetPhoenician Alphabet – set of 22 – set of 22 symbols that represented the sounds symbols that represented the sounds of the language.of the language.

►Served as the basis of many Served as the basis of many languages, including English.languages, including English.

►Alphabet meant that common people Alphabet meant that common people could begin writing. Cuneiform was could begin writing. Cuneiform was only used by very skilled scribes.only used by very skilled scribes.

Phoenician AlphabetPhoenician Alphabet

Rise of IsraelRise of Israel

►A small group of people originally called A small group of people originally called the Hebrews, settled around the Jordan the Hebrews, settled around the Jordan River Valley. Became known as the River Valley. Became known as the Israelites.Israelites.

►Much of what is known about the Much of what is known about the history of Israel comes from the Jewish history of Israel comes from the Jewish Torah and the Christian Bible.Torah and the Christian Bible.

►First leader of Israel was Abraham (c. First leader of Israel was Abraham (c. 1500 BC)1500 BC)

Abraham the LeaderAbraham the Leader

►The Israelites trace their beginnings to The Israelites trace their beginnings to Mesopotamia. They began as Mesopotamia. They began as shepherds and merchants outside shepherds and merchants outside Sumerian cities.Sumerian cities.

►According to the Bible, Abraham had According to the Bible, Abraham had his people practice his people practice monotheismmonotheism – – belief in one god.belief in one god.

From Canaan to EgyptFrom Canaan to Egypt

► Jewish Torah explains that Abraham Jewish Torah explains that Abraham lead his people to Canaan.lead his people to Canaan.

►Once the Israelites got to Canaan, a Once the Israelites got to Canaan, a horrible famine struck the land. horrible famine struck the land. FamineFamine – time when there is so little food, many – time when there is so little food, many people starve.people starve.

►After the famine hit, they fled to Egypt After the famine hit, they fled to Egypt where they lived well for a few hundred where they lived well for a few hundred years until an Egyptian king forced years until an Egyptian king forced them out because he feared they were them out because he feared they were too powerful.too powerful.

In the DesertIn the Desert

►Moses led the Israelites from Egypt Moses led the Israelites from Egypt into the desert, called the Exodus.into the desert, called the Exodus.

►They wandered in the Sinai Desert for They wandered in the Sinai Desert for 40 years, where God gave them the 40 years, where God gave them the Ten Commandments.Ten Commandments.

►Eventually they returned to Canaan Eventually they returned to Canaan where they settled and became where they settled and became farmers.farmers.

Settlement in CanaanSettlement in Canaan

►United under their first king, Saul, who United under their first king, Saul, who helped fight off enemies.helped fight off enemies.

►David, the 2David, the 2ndnd king of Israel, king of Israel, established his capital in Jerusalem.established his capital in Jerusalem.

A Divided KingdomA Divided Kingdom

► After David died, his son, Solomon, After David died, his son, Solomon, inherited the kingdom. After inherited the kingdom. After Solomon died, the country split into Solomon died, the country split into two kingdoms.two kingdoms.

1.1. Northern kingdom – IsraelNorthern kingdom – Israel

2.2. Southern kingdom – Judah Southern kingdom – Judah ► Assyrians conquered the Israelites Assyrians conquered the Israelites

and gained control of Judah.and gained control of Judah.

Sent Into ExileSent Into Exile

► In 722 BC, the Israelites resisted In 722 BC, the Israelites resisted Assyrian rule and were exiled to distant Assyrian rule and were exiled to distant parts of the land.parts of the land.

►ExileExile – force people to live in another – force people to live in another place or country.place or country.

►Assyrians controlled Judah until they Assyrians controlled Judah until they were defeated by the Chaldeans. were defeated by the Chaldeans. Later, the king of Judah rebelled against Later, the king of Judah rebelled against the Chaldeans, and Nebuchadnezzar the Chaldeans, and Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem.destroyed Jerusalem.