Medieval Islamic Empires - Core Knowledge Foundation · Egypt - Syria: Portrait of Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, 1138–1193), Abu al-’Iz Ibn Isma’il ibn al-Razaz al-Jazari

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MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC EMPIRES

INTRODUCTION (Chapter 1)

Big Question: Within the religion of Islam, who is Muhammad?

After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the power of the pope increased throughout medieval Europe.


INTRODUCTION (Chapter 1)


Hagia Sophia, or Church of the Holy Wisdom, was built in the 500s CE in Constantinople as the main cathedral for the Eastern Empire.


INTRODUCTION (Chapter 1)In 1054 CE, a split occurred in the Church in the Eastern and Western Empires.

Constantinople

Rome

Eastern Church

Western Church

Central city

English Chann

el

Mediterranean Sea

Atl

anti

c O

cean

Eastern ChurchGreek-speaking

Orthodox

Western ChurchLatin-speaking

Catholic

Key



CHAPTER 1: The Pillars of Islam


In 610 CE, Muhammad had his first vision of an angel speaking to him as God’s messenger.


CHAPTER 2: Muhammad

Big Question: What does Muhammad’s decision regarding the replacement of the holy stone reveal about his character?

In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers escaped to Medina (the Hegira).

MediterraneanSea

Mecca

Medina

AFRICAAra

bian P

eninsu

la

ASIA

BaghdadDamascus

Cairo

The Arabian Peninsula

Red Sea

Arabian Sea

Persian Gulf

0 400 miles

N

S

EW

Path of the Hegira


CHAPTER 3: Islamic Expansion

Big Question: Why was the flight to Medina the start of a new period in the history of Islam?

Between 632 CE and 750 CE, Islam spread to the borders of India and China in the east, through northern Africa, and into Spain.

The Spread of Islam

Mediterranean Sea

ArabianSea

Red Sea

EUROPE

AFRICA

Egypt

Arabia

Persia

Syria

ASIA

Rome

Baghdad

Medina

Córdoba

Mecca

Cairo

Spain

Extent of Islam at Muhammad’s death in 632 CEExtent of Islam by 750 CE

0 1,000 miles

N

S

EW

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Damascus

Jerusalem


CHAPTER 4: Islamic Culture750–1200 CE: Europeans became aware of Islamic knowledge, especially in medicine and mathematics.

Big Question: How did the Islamic Empire contribute to the development of Western knowledge and culture?


CHAPTER 4: Islamic Culture

Big Question: How did the Islamic Empire contribute to the development of Western knowledge and culture?

The distinctive features of Islamic art and architecture were introduced to Europeans.


CHAPTER 5: The Crusades

Big Question: What events caused the First Crusade?

Pope Urban II called on Christians to recapture the Holy Land during the First Crusade (1096–1099 CE).




In 1187 CE, Saladin reclaimed Jerusalem.




In 1192 CE, at the end of the Third Crusade, Richard the Lionhearted and Saladin arrived at a compromise regarding the Holy Land.




In 1453 CE, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul. They converted the church Hagia Sophia into a mosque.

Documents

Medieval Islamic Empires - Core Knowledge Foundation · Egypt - Syria: Portrait of Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, 1138–1193), Abu al-’Iz Ibn Isma’il ibn al-Razaz al-Jazari