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WorldHistoryDetective®Book1 Review

A 1TheMiddleAgesbeganwhentheWesternRomanEmpirefellin476.2ThecollapseoftheempirewasbroughtaboutbyinvadingGermanic,Slavic,andCeltictribes.3Theinvadershadnowrittenlanguageorcomplexpoliticalstructure.

B4Duringthefirst500yearsoftheMiddleAges,theseilliterateandpaganpeoplesdominatedEurope.5Chaosreigned.6However,oneinstitutionfromtheWesternRomanEmpiresurvivedtoinfluenceEuropeandtheworld:theChristianChurch,centeredinRome.7ChristianmissionariesconvertedEurope’sleaders,andtheleadersencouraged,orforced,theirpeopletobebaptized.8TheirfaithledmanyEuropeanstoadoptRomanculture.9Europe’sleadersandtheChristianchurchesencouragedthefoundingofEurope’sfirstuniversities.10Intheeleventhcentury,adivisionofthechurch,calledtheGreatSchism,occurred.11Insteadofonechurch,itbecametwo:theRomanCatholicChurchinthewest,andtheEasternOrthodoxChurchintheeast.

C12HistorianscalltheMiddleAgesinWesternEuropethe“AgeofFaith,”becausereligionplayedsuchalargeroleindailylife.13Duringtheviolenceofmedievallife,theRomanCatholicChurch–theleaderofWesternEuropeanChristians–providedhope,education,medicine,andevenaplaceofrefuge.14TheChurchandtheCrowncooperatedcloselyformostoftheMiddleAges,untilthelateryearswhenkingsandpopesclashedoverwhowasstrongest.15Inthe1200s,theRomanCatholicChurchsetupaninquisition(court)whichtriedandtorturedthosetheysuspectedofbeingevilorunfaithfultotheCatholicChurch.16JewsfacedscrutinyfrombothChristiansandMuslimsandwerebanishedfrommanycountriesbytheendoftheMiddleAges.

Medieval Europe Review: Lessons 37-51

D17TheCrusadeswereaseriesofreligiouswarsWesternEuropeanChristians(RomanCatholics)foughtagainstMuslims.18ChristianswantedtovisittheHolyLandwhereJesushadlivedandtowinthelandbackfromtheMuslims.19Theresultwasamixture:ChristiansdidnotwinanylandbutwereallowedtotravelsafelytotheHolyLand.20EuropeanswereintroducedtoforeignculturesandgoodsbecauseoftheCrusades.21Thisledtonewideasandanexpansionofthetradingindustry.

E22Toprovideorderandsecurityinachaoticandviolentworld,medievalEuropeansadoptedfeudalism.23Thiswasahierarchicalsystem,wheretheleaderspromisedtheirsubjectslandinreturnforservice.24Thekinggrantedlandtonobility,whoprovidedfighters(knights)fortheking.25Thenobilitygavelandtoknights,whopromisedtofight.26Theknightspromisedprotectionandcarefortheserfs,whowereallowedtoworkontheland.27Everypersonhadasetplaceinsociety,andtherewasnosocialmobility.

F28TowardtheendoftheMiddleAgesfeudalismbegan,overtime,todecline.29Growingtrademadekingsandnobleswealthier,allowingthemtopaytheirarmedmenwithmoneyinsteadofland.30Aneconomybasedontrade,ratherthanland,offeredeveryonegreateropportunitiestoearnmoney.31Abankingsystembasedonlettersofcreditemerged.32Anewclassofpeople,themerchants,begantohavemorepowerandmoneythanmanynobles.33TheHundredYears’Warandthebubonicplaguekilledmorethanonethirdofthepopulation.34Withsofewpeopleleft,laborcostsroseandpeasantsdemandedwagesfortheirwork.

476

Beginning of Middle Ages

The Great Schism

1054

1095

The Crusades

12911215

The Magna Carta

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WorldHistoryDetective®Book1 Review

G35ThemedievalkingdomofEnglandwastheworld’sleaderinthedevelopmentofindividualfreedom.36TheMagnaCartaestablishedtheideathatthekingshouldhavelimitedpower,andthatallfreepeoplewereguaranteedrights.37TheUnitedStatesusedthesepracticestosetupanewgovernment.

1.Inthefeudalsystem,whatwastheeconomybasedon?

a. credit b. internationaltrade c. war d. land

Whichsentencebestsupportstheanswer? _____

2. Whatwasamajorcausefortheendoffeudalism?

a. Kingsrefusedtopayforknights. b. Merchantsdemandedland. c. Soldierswerepaidwithmoneyinsteadof

land. d. Queensstoppedgivingorders.

Whichsentencebestsupportstheanswer? _____

3.TheMiddleAgesaresometimescalledthe“AgeofFaith”because:

a.TheCrusadershadfaiththeywoulddefeattheMuslims.

b. Religionwasveryimportanttopeopleintheireverydaylives.

c. Kingswereforcedtoplacetheirfaithintheknightswhowouldfightforthem.

d. Pagannationswereforcedtogiveuptheirreligions.

Whichsentencebestsupportstheanswer? _____

4. Before1215,aking’spowerprobablywas: a. verylimited. b. nearlyunlimited. c. limitedtoroyalsubjects. d. dependentonhisserfs.

Whichsentencebestsupportstheanswer? _____

5. IdentifytwothingsthatChristianitybroughttoEurope.

a. EuropeansgaveupmanyRomantraditions. b. Universitieswerebuilt. c. Kingshadabsoluteauthority. d. ManyEuropeansbecameheavily

influencedbyRomanculture.

Whichsentencesbestsupporttheanswer? _____,_____

6. ApersoninMedievalEuropewhogavespeechesagainsttheteachingsoftheCatholicChurchmayhave:

a. becomeahero. b. beenrewardedwithland. c. beentorturedafteraninquisition. d. beenencouragedtospeakhisorhermind.

Whichsentencebestsupportstheanswer? _____

Questions

H38InmedievalEurope,artandeducationweresupportedbytheChristianchurches,nobles,androyalty.39ManyofEurope’sbeautifulchurcheswerebuiltduringthistime.

7. ThepurposeoftheCrusadeswas: a. toreclaimtheHolyLandfromtheMuslims. b. tocreatenewtraderoutes. c. torecruitknightsfortheking’sarmy. d. tostoppeasantrebellions.

Whichsentencebestsupportstheanswer? _____

8. Feudalism: a. convertedpolytheiststoChristianity. b. enslavedthepeasantclass. c. encouragednewfarmingmethods. d. ensuredasystemofprotectionfortheking.

Whichsentencebestsupportstheanswer? _____

9. Numbertheeventsinchronologicalorder. a. ____MagnaCartaissigned. b. ____TheGreatSchismoccurrs. c. ____TheMiddleAgesbegin.

d. ____TheHundredYear’sWarisfought.

Written Response Question

10.Nametwoeventsdescribedinthelessonthatbroughtaboutthemerchantclass.

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WorldHistoryDetective®Book1 Review

World History Detective® Book 1 Review Answers

1 © 2012 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

Medieval Europe Review: Lessons 37-51 Answers

1. d, sentence 23 2. c, sentence 29 3. b, sentence 12 4. b, sentence 36 5. b, d, sentences 8, 9 6. c, sentence 15 7. a, sentence 18 8. d, sentence 22 9. a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 4 10. Key points:

1. An increase in trade meant kings and nobles could pay knights with money rather than land. 2. Trade, increased profits, and a new banking system also led to the creation of a powerful middle class. 3. The plague left fewer people available to work, causing the cost of labor to rise.