MEDIEVAL MEDIEVAL EUROPEEUROPECHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 15 SECTION 1SECTION 1

(31 slides)(31 slides)1

GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPEGEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE Europe a continentEurope a continent large peninsula made up of smaller peninsulaslarge peninsula made up of smaller peninsulas much lies with 300 miles of ocean or seamuch lies with 300 miles of ocean or sea influenced influenced

where Europeans settledwhere Europeans settled what they didwhat they did- encouraged trade and fishing- encouraged trade and fishing- helped economy grow- helped economy grow

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SEAS AND RIVERSSEAS AND RIVERS played important roleplayed important role provided safety & opportunities for tradeprovided safety & opportunities for trade SeasSeas

AdriaticAdriatic AegeanAegean BalticBaltic Bay of BiscayBay of Biscay BlackBlack CaspianCaspian CelticCeltic English ChannelEnglish Channel MediterraneanMediterranean NorthNorth Straight of GibraltarStraight of Gibraltar

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ENGLISH CHANNELENGLISH CHANNELseparated Britain & Ireland from rest of separated Britain & Ireland from rest of

EuropeEuropesheltered from many wars fought on sheltered from many wars fought on

Europe’s mainlandEurope’s mainlanddeveloped distinct ways of lifedeveloped distinct ways of life

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RIVERSRIVERSRhine, Danube, Vistula, Volga, Seine, & Rhine, Danube, Vistula, Volga, Seine, &

PoPomade it easy to travel interior of Europemade it easy to travel interior of Europeencouraged people to tradeencouraged people to trade

RhineRhinewide riverwide riverkept people separatedkept people separatedenabled different cultures to developenabled different cultures to develop

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MOUNTAINS MOUNTAINS

made it difficult for one group to rule made it difficult for one group to rule over all of Europeover all of Europe

encouraged development of encouraged development of independent kingdomsindependent kingdoms

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EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN RANGESRANGES

CarpathiansCarpathianslocation – eastern Europelocation – eastern Europecut off Ukraine & Russia from southwest Europecut off Ukraine & Russia from southwest Europe

AlpsAlpslocation – middle Europelocation – middle EuropeSeparated Italy from central EuropeSeparated Italy from central Europe

PyreneesPyreneeslocation – southwestlocation – southwestisolated Spain and Portugalisolated Spain and Portugal

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GERMANIC KINGDOMSGERMANIC KINGDOMS FranksFranks AnglesAngles SaxonsSaxons kingdoms developed societies based on kingdoms developed societies based on

locationlocation VisigothsVisigoths – Spain – Spain OstrogothsOstrogoths – Italy – Italy

close to center of old Roman waysclose to center of old Roman waysadopted many Roman waysadopted many Roman ways

people farther from Rome held Germanic traditionspeople farther from Rome held Germanic traditions8

ANGLES AND SAXONSANGLES AND SAXONS invaded Britain from Denmark & invaded Britain from Denmark &

GermanyGermanybecame Anglo-Saxonsbecame Anglo-Saxonspushed aside people living therepushed aside people living there

known as known as CeltsCeltssome fled to mountains north and westsome fled to mountains north and westothers went to Irelandothers went to Irelandtoday, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish today, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish

descendants of Celtsdescendants of Celts 9

FRANKSFRANKSsettled in Francesettled in Franceruler, King ruler, King ClovisClovis became Catholic became Catholicwon support of Romans living in won support of Romans living in

kingdomkingdomnearly all Franks became Catholicnearly all Franks became Catholicafter Clovis died, Kingdom divided after Clovis died, Kingdom divided

first among sonsfirst among sonsthen sons divided kingdom furtherthen sons divided kingdom further 10

kings fought over landkings fought over landnobles took over many royal dutiesnobles took over many royal duties““mayor of the palacemayor of the palace””

most important noblemost important noblegave out landgave out landsettled disputessettled disputesfought their own warsfought their own wars

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FRANKSFRANKS

CHARLES MARTELCHARLES MARTEL ““Mayor of the PalaceMayor of the Palace”” most powerful mayormost powerful mayor wanted to unite all Frankish nobles under rulewanted to unite all Frankish nobles under rule pope offered supportpope offered support Muslims conquer Spain & wanted to spread Muslims conquer Spain & wanted to spread

Islam across EuropeIslam across Europe led Franks to victory against Muslims at led Franks to victory against Muslims at

Battle of ToursBattle of Tours result: Christianity remained Western result: Christianity remained Western

Europe’s major religionEurope’s major religion

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PEPINPEPIN son of Charles Martelson of Charles Martel death of father - became “mayor of the palace”death of father - became “mayor of the palace” support of pope & Frankish noblessupport of pope & Frankish nobles became king of Franksbecame king of Franks pope threatened by Germanic group, Lombardspope threatened by Germanic group, Lombards took army to Italy and defeated Lombardstook army to Italy and defeated Lombards donated conquered land to popedonated conquered land to pope

pope ruled landpope ruled land Papal StatesPapal States

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CHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNEson of Pepinson of Pepinbecame kingbecame kingaided pope – fought Lombards aided pope – fought Lombards invaded Germanyinvaded Germanydefeated Saxonsdefeated Saxons

ordered them to convert to Christianityordered them to convert to Christianity invaded Spaininvaded Spain

gained control of NE corner from Muslimsgained control of NE corner from Muslims14

CHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNEkingdom now an empirekingdom now an empire

covered much a western & central Europecovered much a western & central Europeconquests earned name conquests earned name

““CharlemagneCharlemagne” or “Charles the Great”” or “Charles the Great”pope declares him Roman Emperorpope declares him Roman Emperorconcerned over peoples’ perception concerned over peoples’ perception (pope had power to choose emperor)(pope had power to choose emperor)

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CHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNEmade made AachenAachen capital capitalset up courts to uphold his lawsset up courts to uphold his lawsnobles called “counts” ran the courtsnobles called “counts” ran the courts““the lord’s messengers”, inspectors the lord’s messengers”, inspectors

who made sure counts were obeying who made sure counts were obeying ordersorders

believed in educationbelieved in education16

CHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNEasked scholar asked scholar AlcuinAlcuin to start new to start new

school in one of the royal palacesschool in one of the royal palacestrained children of government officialstrained children of government officialsstudied religion, Latin, music, literature, studied religion, Latin, music, literature,

and arithmeticand arithmeticover time, schools opened over time, schools opened

throughout his empirethroughout his empirewanted all people to be educatedwanted all people to be educated

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EUROPE INVADEDEUROPE INVADED weak leadership led to invasionsweak leadership led to invasions south – Muslims south – Muslims

raided France and Italy from Spain & North Africaraided France and Italy from Spain & North Africa east – Magyarseast – Magyars

nomadic peoplenomadic people settled in Hungarysettled in Hungary

north – north – Scandinavia/VikingsScandinavia/Vikings Norway, Sweden, DenmarkNorway, Sweden, Denmark long, jagged coastlinelong, jagged coastline many many fjordsfjords

steep-sided valleys with inlets of the seasteep-sided valleys with inlets of the sea

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VIKINGSVIKINGS lived in villages in the fjordslived in villages in the fjordsknown as “Norsemen” or “north men”known as “Norsemen” or “north men”had little farmlandhad little farmlandrelied on sea for food & traderelied on sea for food & tradeskilled sailorsskilled sailorsbuilt sturdy boats called “longboats”built sturdy boats called “longboats”survived rough Atlantic & navigate in survived rough Atlantic & navigate in

shallow riversshallow rivers19

VIKINGSVIKINGSas population increaseas population increase

began raiding Europebegan raiding EuropeViking means “raiding” Viking means “raiding” raids terrified people of Europeraids terrified people of Europerobbed villages & churchesrobbed villages & churchesconquered part of western Franceconquered part of western France

Normandy named after Norsemen who Normandy named after Norsemen who ruled ruled

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HOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIREMuslims, Magyars, & Vikings’ raids Muslims, Magyars, & Vikings’ raids

destroyed Frankish kingdomsdestroyed Frankish kingdomseastern Frankish kingdoms became eastern Frankish kingdoms became

known as Germanyknown as Germanydivided into many tiny statesdivided into many tiny statesnobles tried to unite Germany by nobles tried to unite Germany by

electing a kingelecting a kingking had little power because nobles king had little power because nobles

wanted to remain independentwanted to remain independent 21

OTTO IOTTO Ione of the more powerful Kings of one of the more powerful Kings of

GermanyGermanyfought Magyarsfought Magyarssent troops to protect popesent troops to protect popepope declares pope declares Otto IOtto I emperor of the emperor of the

RomansRomansterritory includes most of Germany & territory includes most of Germany &

northern Italynorthern Italyknown as “Holy Roman Empire”known as “Holy Roman Empire”

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RISE OF THE CATHOLIC RISE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCHCHURCH

Rome - Christianity became official religionRome - Christianity became official religion Ireland – Patrick (priest) spread ChristianIreland – Patrick (priest) spread Christian messagemessage set up churches & monasteriesset up churches & monasteries Irish monks Irish monks

preserved Roman learningpreserved Roman learning passed it on to people of Europepassed it on to people of Europe spread Christianity throughout Europespread Christianity throughout Europe brought Christianity to northern Britainbrought Christianity to northern Britain result – most of Western Europe became Catholicresult – most of Western Europe became Catholic

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POPE GREGORY IPOPE GREGORY IGregory the GreatGregory the Great wanted all of Europe to become Christianwanted all of Europe to become Christianasked monks to become asked monks to become missionariesmissionaries

people sent to teach their religionpeople sent to teach their religionsent 40 monks to southern Britainsent 40 monks to southern Britainconverted converted EthelbertEthelbert, ruler of Kent, ruler of Kent

allowed missionaries to build church in allowed missionaries to build church in capital city of Canterburycapital city of Canterbury

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MONASTERIESMONASTERIES played important role in medieval Europeplayed important role in medieval Europe had scriptoria, or writing roomshad scriptoria, or writing rooms

monks copied Christian writings monks copied Christian writings Bible Bible works of Roman and Greek writersworks of Roman and Greek writers

could make money (many became wealthy)could make money (many became wealthy) produced goodsproduced goods owned landowned land AbbotAbbot, leader of a monastery, leader of a monastery

many became involved in politicsmany became involved in politics served as advisors to kingsserved as advisors to kings acted as rulers of the lands near monasteriesacted as rulers of the lands near monasteries

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MONKSMONKSschooled peopleschooled peopleprovided food & rest to travelersprovided food & rest to travelersoffered hospital care for the sickoffered hospital care for the sicktaught carpentry & weavingtaught carpentry & weavingdeveloped better methods of farmingdeveloped better methods of farminghelped preserve knowledgehelped preserve knowledge

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GREGORY VIIGREGORY VII elected Popeelected Pope wanted to stop nobles & kings from wanted to stop nobles & kings from

interfering with church affairsinterfering with church affairs issued decree (order) forbidding kings from issued decree (order) forbidding kings from

appointing high-ranking Church officialsappointing high-ranking Church officials angered angered Henry IVHenry IV

Holy Roman emperorHoly Roman emperor refused to obeyrefused to obey declared declared Gregory VIIGregory VII no longer Pope no longer Pope excommunicated by popeexcommunicated by pope

excluded from church membershipexcluded from church membership27

German nobles defended popeGerman nobles defended popeHenry IV backed downHenry IV backed downasked to be forgivenasked to be forgivenGerman nobles chose a new kingGerman nobles chose a new kingGregory VII accepts new king as emperorGregory VII accepts new king as emperorHenry IV wages warHenry IV wages warcaptures Rome & names a new popecaptures Rome & names a new popeGregory VII allies drive out Henry’s Gregory VII allies drive out Henry’s

forcesforces

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concordatconcordat agreement between pope & ruler of a agreement between pope & ruler of a

countrycountrynew pope & German king make a dealnew pope & German king make a deal““Concordat of Worms”Concordat of Worms”

signed in the city of Wormssigned in the city of Wormspope can choose bishopspope can choose bishopsemperor could give bishops government emperor could give bishops government

jobsjobs29

INNOCENT IIIINNOCENT IIIbecame pope during height of became pope during height of

Catholic Church’s powerCatholic Church’s powerable to control kingsable to control kings

if ruler did not obey…if ruler did not obey…pope would excommunicate him orpope would excommunicate him orissue an issue an interdictinterdict

forbids priests from providing forbids priests from providing Christian ritualsChristian rituals

Pope hoped people would pressure Pope hoped people would pressure ruler to obeyruler to obey 30

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