Medical Tourism, A Global Perspective

8/18/2019 Medical Tourism, A Global Perspective

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MINOR PROJECT

REPORTON

“MEDICAL TOURISM

A Global Perspective”

GUIDED B ! SUBMITTED B !

Mrs" S#A$ITA MU%UL ARORA

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BBA-TTM. / RD SEM

I st S#I0T

MA#ARA1A SURA1MAL INSTITUTE

RECOGNISED B UGC2 U3S '-0.

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GUIDE6S CERTI0ICATE

I have the pleasure to certify that M787l Arora student of Ma9ara:a S7ra:;al I


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AC%NO5LEDGEMENT

The study as conducted 'y the assistance of several individuals% (e really appreciate

their help and here'y than! the$% (e ould li!e to give special than!s to the follo ing

people)

*irstly+ I ould li!e to than! Mrs% ,havita+ ho had supervised the study and as in

charge of the entire pro-ect% .er presence and assistant as re$ar!a'le and so I a$

grateful to her%

,econdly+ I ould li!e to than! all other people ho provided $e ith the resources toconduct $y study% Their help and assistance as very valua'le and so I ould li!e to

ac!no ledge the$ as ell%

Overall all the a'ove $entioned people had a great role in $y study% Their direct and

indirect help indeed proved to 'e help%

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DECLERARATION

I+ M/ /1 2ROR2+ RE; NO< 034&56070&3 882+ fro$ M2.2R2J2

,/R2JM21 IN,TIT/TE here'y declares that this pro-ect report entitled

“Me=ical To7ris;! A Global Perspective” + has 'een prepared 'y $e

during acade$ic session 930&3


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CONTENTSC9apters Partic7lars Pa>e


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C9apter4)

“INTRODUCTION”

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O$ER$IE5Touris$ is travel for recreational+ leisure+ or 'usiness purposes% The (orld Touris$

Organi ation defines tourists as people Dtraveling to and staying in places outside their

usual environ$ent for not $ore than one consecutive year for leisure+ 'usiness and other purposesD%

Touris$ has 'eco$e a popular glo'al leisure activity% 2fter slo ly recovering fro$ the

contraction resulting fro$ the lateeclaration on (orld Touris$ of &640 as Dan activity essential to the life of

nations 'ecause of its direct effects on the social+ cultural+ educational+ and econo$ic

sectors of national societies and on their international relations%D Touris$ 'rings in large

a$ounts of inco$e in pay$ent for goods and services availa'le+ accounting for ?0G of

the orld s eHports of services+ and AG of overall eHports of goods and services% It also

creates opportunities for e$ploy$ent in the service sector of the econo$y+ associated

ith touris$% These service industries include transportation services+ such as airlines+

cruise ships+ and taHica's hospitality services+ such as acco$$odations+ including hotels

and resorts and entertain$ent venues+ such as a$use$ent par!s+ casinos+ shopping

$alls+ $usic venues+ and theatres%

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Main Types of Touris$)<

• 2dventure Touris$

• 2rcheological Touris$

•

Channel .opping• Rural Touris$

• Medical Touris$

• .eritage Touris$

• ,ports Touris$

• (ildlife Touris$

• ,afari

• Music Touris$

• (ater Touris$

Me=ical to7ris; 9MT: is patient $ove$ent fro$ highly developed nations to other areasof the orld for $edical care+ usually to find treat$ent at a lo er cost% Medical touris$ isdifferent fro$ the traditional $odel of international $edical travel here patientsgenerally -ourney fro$ less developed nations to $a-or $edical centers in highly

developed countries for $edical treat$ent that is unavaila'le in their o n co$$unities%,ervices typically sought 'y travelers include elective procedures as ell as co$pleHspeciali ed surgeries such as -oint replace$ent 9!nee Khip:+cardiac surgery +dentalsurgery + andcos$etic surgeries % Individuals ith rare genetic disorders $ay travel toanother country here treat$ent of these conditions is 'etter understood% .o ever+virtually every type of health care+ including psychiatry+ alternative treat$ents+convalescent care and even 'urial services are availa'le%

Over 70 countries have identified $edical touris$ as a national industry%

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetic_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetic_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery


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ABSTRACTMedical touris$ is turning out to 'e a profita'le 'usiness opportunity for $any countries%

It is esti$ated that the general $edical touris$ $ar!et ealth is /, 50 'illion ith an

annual gro th rate of 30 percent according to the ;eneral 2gree$ent on Trade in

,ervices 9;2T,:% 2sia gradually turns out to 'e a popular destination for $edical

touris$% The paper focuses on the $edical touris$ develop$ent in 2sia 'y starting ith a

'rief description of the history and develop$ent of $edical touris$% The paper then

continues to analy e the reasons for conducting $edical touris$% The paper also

su$$ari es the Econo$ics issues of $edical services in the $a-or $edical touris$

destinations in 2sia and then further discusses the opportunities and challenges of

$edical touris$ industry%

ey ords) $edical touris$+ 2sia+ reasons for travel+ opportunity+ challenges

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LITERATURE RE$IE5The analysis of $edical touris$ in acade$ic and policy literature is generally li$ited to

t o strea$s% ,o$e studies+ such as Milstein and ,$ith 9300A:+ (achter 9300A: and Ernst

9300A:+ consider $edical touris$ fro$ the perspective of the foreign patients 9$ostly

fro$ the /nited ,tates:+ focusing particularly on issues of safety% Others+ such as Mattoo

and Rathindran 93007:+ Teh and Chu 93007:+ and Mc!insey B Co$pany 93003: that

eHa$ine the i$pact of $edical touris$ on the host econo$ies focus $ainly on the

inco$e effect% *or researches fro$ the perspective of the foreign patients+ Tse and (ilton

9&644: created a $odel in hich consu$er dissatisfaction is a function of the actual

perfor$ance regardless of consu$ersL eHpectations% This $odel is effective hen

custo$ers do not !no or do not have enough !no ledge a'out service perfor$ance+ and

only their actual eHperiences are evaluated to assess their satisfaction%

The general purpose of touris$ is supposed to 'e relaHing+ have fun+ and to increase

oneLs elluring the

Ro$anian period+ patients used to visit the ater at a ,hrine 8ath+ a practice that lives

until today 9Connell+ 300A:% Medical touris$ develops over ti$e% In &6@0+ $edical travel

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consisted of rich people ho traveled fro$ developing countries to developed ones+ li!e

the /nited ,tates+ /nited ingdo$+ and *rance+ to receive speciali ed $edical cures%

>uring this era the $ain $otivation of the $edical travel is to receive 'etter treat$ent%

The cost of those cures as eHpensive% 2t the end of &640s and early &660s+ $edical

touris$ started its develop$ent into its current for$ hen Cu'a started to pro$ote the

$edical treat$ent targeting countries such MeHico+ 2rgentina and Chili 9,o'o+ 3006:%

Cu'a is considered one of the first countries to $a!e a huge transfor$ation in the idea of

$edical travel 'y providing a ide set of afforda'le $edical services% >uring the period

&66@


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Ob:ectives o? t9e st7=@

• ;athering infor$ation a'out Medical Touris$%

• To eHplain the role of Medical Touris$ in ;lo'al Econo$y %• no ing top treat$ents for hich people go a'road and their top treat$ents%

• ;etting to !no Medical Touris$ 2ssociation%

• Preparing Cost co$parison charts%

Researc9 Met9o=olo>@Mar!eting research is a syste$atic gathering+ recording and analysis of data% >uring the

course of conducting the study the infor$ation as gathered through Seco


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• Mar!et research on $y topic as not possi'le%

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C9apter '4

“PRO0ILE”

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MEDICAL TOURISMThe concept of $edical touris$ is not a ne one% The first recorded instance of $edical

touris$ dates 'ac! thousands of years to hen ;ree! pilgri$s traveled fro$ all over the

Mediterranean to the s$all territory in the ,aronic ;ulf called Epidauria% This territoryas the sanctuary of the healing god 2s!lepios% Epidauria 'eca$e the original travel

destination for $edical touris$%

,pa to ns and sanitariu$s $ay 'e considered an early for$ of $edical touris$% In

eighteenth century England+ for eHa$ple+ patients visited spas 'ecause they ere places

ith supposedly health


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2dditionally+ patients are finding that insurance either does not cover orthopedic surgery

9such as !neeKhip replace$ent: or i$poses unreasona'le restrictions on the choice of the

facility+ surgeon+ or prosthetics to 'e used%

Medical touris$ for !neeK hip replace$ents has e$erged as one of the $ore idely

accepted procedures 'ecause of the lo er cost and $ini$al difficulties associated ith

the traveling toKfro$ the surgery%

Colo$'ia provides a !nee replace$ent for a'out 7+000 /,>+ including all associated

fees+ such as *>2aily)

Popular $edical travel orld ide destinations include) 2rgentina+ 8runei+ Cu'a+Colo$'ia+ Costa Rica+ .ong ong+ .ungary+ India+ Jordan+ 1ithuania+ Malaysia+ The

Philippines+ ,ingapore+ ,outh 2frica+ Thailand+ and recently+ ,audi 2ra'ia+ /2E+ ,outh

orea+ Tunisia and Ne ealand%

2 speciali ed su'set of $edical touris$ is reproductive touris$ and reproductive

outsourcing+ hich is the practice of traveling a'road to undergo in


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the $edical touris$ $ar!et share in 2sia in 3004+ Thailand provided $edical services for

as $any as &%5 $illion foreign patients+ including $edical tourists+ general tourists and

foreigners or!ing or living in Thailand or its neigh'oring countries% If e assu$e that

a'out ?0G of all foreign patients that year ere $edical tourists a conservative figure

'y co$parison ith the 8oston Consulting ;roupLs esti$ate of 70G in 300A 5 the total

nu$'er ould have 'een a'out 530000% This as $ore than in ,ingapore+ for$erly

reputed to 'e the leading 2sian $edical tourist destination and the "$edical hu' of 2sia#%

2lthough $edical tourists are still a s$all fraction of the &%7 $illion foreigners ho

receive $edical care in Thailand+ they are the tourist group $ost li!ely to affect the

country in a $a-or ay% /nli!e general tourists and eHpatriates+ $edical tourists are

increasing at a rapid pace fro$ al$ost none to 570000 a year in less than a decade%

Moreover+ $edical tourists tend to see! $ore intensive and costly treat$ents than other foreign patients+ as a result of hich their effect on the country is $ore profound%

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http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/5/09-072249/en/#R4http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/5/09-072249/en/#R4


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TOP TREATMENTS 0OR 5#IC# PEOPLE GO

ABROAD

• Infertility 9I=*:• Plastic surgery• Cos$etic dentistry• 1aser eye surgery• Organ transplant• Orthopedic surgery• .air transplantation• (eight loss surgery• .eart surgery

AILMENTS TOP DESTINATIONS TOP TREATMENTS

I


19/68

• ;er$any

• , it erland

• Nigeria

• /nited ingdo$• ,pain

• /,2

• MeHico

• Colo$'ia

• 2rgentina

• Pana$aPlastic S7r>er@ • India

• /nited 2ra' E$irates

• Thailand

• ,ingapore

• Malaysia

• 1e'anon

• Tur!ey

• Cyprus

• Philippines

• ,outh orea

• 8ulgaria

• 1ithuania

• .ungary

• Tunisia

• 8elgiu$

• /nited ingdo$

• ,pain

• 8reast I$plants

• Tu$$y Tuc!

• *acelift

• Nose ,urgery

• 1iposuction

• 8uttoc! 1ift

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20/68

• Morocco

• >o$inican Repu'lic

• 8ra il

• MeHico• Colo$'ia

• 2rgentina

• Pana$aCos;etic Deo$inican Repu'lic

• MeHico

• >ental I$plants

• >ental Cro ns

• >ental =eneers

• >entures• >ental 8ridges

• 8one ;raft

Laser E@e S7r>er@ • Tur!ey

• ;er$any

• 1asi!

• Cataracts ,urgery

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• Tunisia

• /nited ingdo$

• ,pain

• MeHico

• Cornea Transplant

• Intralase (avefront

• >etached Retina ,urgery

• Intralase 1asi!

Or>a< Traer@ • Tur!ey

• >o$inican Repu'lic

• MeHico

• ;astric 8ypass ,urgery

9;8P:

• ;astric 8alloon

• ;astric 8anding

• 1ap 8and *ills

• ,leeve ;astrecto$y

• >uodenal , itch

#eart S7r>er@ • Tur!ey

• /,2

• MeHico

• Coronary 2ngiography

• 2ngioplasty PTC2

• 2ngioplasty PTC2 (ith

Intracoronary

• 2ortic =alve ,urgery

• Pace$a!er ,urgery

• .eart 8ypass ,urgery

Ort9ope=ic S7r>er@ • India • .ip Replace$ent

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• /nited 2ra' E$irates

• Tur!ey

• 8ulgaria

• Tunisia• ,pain

• MeHico

• nee Replace$ent

• .ip Resurfacing

• Carpal Tunnel ,urgery

• El'o 2nthroscopy• .and 2nthroscopy

#air Tra


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MEDICAL TOURISM AND GLOBAL ECONOM

Every year+ a'out @ $illion people gra' their passports and fly a'road loo!ing for uality+

afforda'le $edical care Q everything fro$ dental or! to eight


24/68

I


25/68

The Medical Touris$ 2ssociation is a ;lo'al Non


26/68

The Medical Touris$ 2ssociationS see!s to provide transparency in 'oth uality of care

and pricing% Every day e see $ore and $ore that the glo'ali ation of healthcare has

created a very flat orld% (e eHchange technology+ infor$ation+ co$$unication+

physicians and patients% In order to ensure patient safety+ it is our goal to create a

transparency a'out the uality of healthcare that can 'e found in each country% (ith this+

it is increasingly i$portant to create a transparency in pricing as ell so patients traveling

overseas for care can 'e sure of hat they are receiving ithout hidden costs or

unforeseen eHpenses% The Medical Touris$ 2ssociationS is also or!ing on the uality

of Care Pro-ect+ hich ill change the ay e loo! at the reporting of glo'al healthcare

statistics and the uality of care availa'le at hospitals around the orld%

Co;;7


27/68

insurance co$panies continue to incorporate glo'al healthcare and $edical touris$

options into their 'enefit plans and do$estic healthcare providers are re uired to treat

patients for aftercare hen patients return to their ho$e country+ education is re uired to

acco$plish this sea$lessly% The Medical Touris$ 2ssociationS strives to provide

education to anyone ith any interest in this industry using various $eans) the $edia+

conferences+ and through the Medical Touris$ Maga ine and .ealth Touris$ Maga ine%

The Medical Touris$ Maga ine and the .ealth Touris$ Maga ine are 'i


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No


29/68

Many people 'elieve $edical touris$ is a ne pheno$enon% This is -ust not true% People

have 'een traveling outside of their 'orders for decades% The potential for this gro ing

trend to ards glo'ali ation is not designed to i$prove -ust the private sector% Raising the

uality of care internationally in the private sector can have eHtre$ely positive effects on

the pu'lic sector as ell% The Medical Touris$ 2ssociationS connects hospitals and

countries ith accreditation syste$s $a!ing the highest level of technology and

healthcare infor$ation availa'le to people fro$ around the orld in 'oth the private and

pu'lic sector%

T9e Me=ical To7ris; Associatio< 9as o??ices i< t9e ?ollo i

locatiou'ai+ /nited 2ra' E$irates

• ,outh orea

• 2rgentina

• ;reece

• China

• 8ra il

• Tur!ey

• Costa Rica

• 2 er'ai-an

• 8er$uda

• Israel

Top )& Co7


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• Costa Rica

• .ungary

• India

•

Malaysia• MeHico

• ,ingapore

• ,outh orea

• Thailand

• Tur!ey

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MEDICAL TOURISM IN BRAFILTourists traveling for $edical reasons spend 'et een 50 and A0 'illion dollars a yearQ

and the $ar!et is gro ing around 30 percent a year% 8ra il receives a'out 70 thousand

$edical travelers a year fro$ different parts of the orldQ$ostly fro$ neigh'oring1atin 2$erican countries li!e Ecuador+ 8olivia and /ruguay and $ostly for cos$etic

surgery%

Reporter) "*oreign patients ho co$e to 8ra il for treat$ent can 'e roughly divided into

t o groups% There are those fro$ rich countries $ainly Europeans and North

2$ericans ho co$e here 'ecause $edical procedures are cheaper and there are those

fro$ poor and developing nations+ fro$ 1atin 2$erica and 2frica+ ho co$e 'ecause of

the top uality hospitals that eHist here for those ho can pay%#

Currently 8ra il has 37 hospitals accredited 'y the Joint Co$$ission InternationalQan

organi ation that certifies the uality of $edical services orld ide% ,Uo Paulo is the

$ost sought after destination%

8ernardo Ignarra+ ,Uo Paulo Turis$o ,%2%+ said+ "(e have an occupancy rate 'et een

40G and &00G in the eight JCI accredited hospitals of ,Uo Paulo% ,o this is actually

so$ething that has to 'e sorted this health syste$ needs to 'e eHpanded if e are to

gro in $edical touris$% 8ut e no these hospitals are planning to invest a'out one

'illion dollars over the neHt t o years to eHpand their facilities and services%#

8ra il is still far fro$ a'le to provide uality health care for $ost of its people+ 'ut in yet

another re$inder of this countryLs star! inco$e ine uality+ 8ra il has 'eco$e a popular

destination for ealthy foreigners loo!ing for good $edical services%

Medical touris$ 9MT: is patient $ove$ent fro$ highly developed nations to other areas

of the orld for $edical care+ usually to find treat$ent at a lo er cost% Medical touris$ is

different fro$ the traditional $odel of international $edical travel here patients

generally -ourney fro$ less developed nations to $a-or $edical centers in highlydeveloped countries for $edical treat$ent that is unavaila'le in their o n co$$unities%

,ervices typically sought 'y travelers include elective procedures as ell as co$pleH

speciali ed surgeries such as -oint replace$ent 9!nee Khip:+cardiac surgery + dental

surgery + andcos$etic surgeries % Individuals ith rare genetic disorders $ay travel to

another country here treat$ent of these conditions is 'etter understood% .o ever+

?& | P a g e

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetic_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_replacementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetic_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder


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virtually every type of health care+ including psychiatry+ alternative treat$ents+

convalescent care and even 'urial services are availa'le% Over 70 countries have

identified $edical touris$ as a national industry

COSMETIC SURGER TOURISM IN BRAFIL

8ra il has the du'ious honor of 'eing the only country in the orld to have a cos$etic

surgery procedure na$ed after it% The V8ra ilian 8utt 1iftL involves lifting and reshaping

the 'uttoc!s+ often 'y suc!ing out fat fro$ around the a'do$en+ flan! and 'ac! areas and

in-ecting it 'ac! into the 'uttoc!s to create fir$er+ $ore volu$inous chee!s !no n as a

"'u''le 'utt%#

Cos$etic surgery in progress+ photo courtesy of Michael 8oec!le at Cos$etic =acations%

Plastic surgery is a $ulti


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*igures suggest that cos$etic surgery tourists in 8ra il can $a!e savings of 'et een

thirty and fifty percent off prices in the /%,% for the sa$e procedures% One o$an said+ "I

could never afford all the procedures I ant done 'ac! ho$e in the ,tates+ 'ut seeing the

prices here gives $e hope%#

.o ever+ price is not the only $otivator she continues+ "(hat $a!es 8ra il stand out

fro$ the cro d is its reputation hen I first ca$e here I as orried a'out hether or

not to 'ring sterile needlesW 8ut even though itLs a developing country+ they have great

facilities and so$e a$a ing surgeons%#

The >o!tor >ay .ospital+ a specialised plastic surgery facility in 8arra+

photo courtesy of Michael 8oec!le at Cos$etic =acations%

In fact+ 8ra il is second only to the /%,% in ter$s of the proliferation of registered plastic

surgeons and the country has produced a nu$'er of orld authorities in the field+ a$ong

the$ octogenarian Professor Ivo Pitanguy % The godfather of 8ra ilian plastic surgery and

a household na$e in 8ra il+ his client list includes ,ophia 1oren and ;ina 1ollo'rigida%

,tatistics indicate that around 70+000 foreigners co$e to 8ra il each year for $edical

touris$+ $any in search of a ne face or 'ody% 2n increasing nu$'er of outfitters are

offering foreigners the chance to co$'ine going under the !nife ith a 'rea! a ay fro$

ho$e+ e$phasi ing the lo er prices+ tropical cli$ate+ and the lure of post


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.o ever+ for those of us ho$ travel plans stop short of going under the !nife+ Pello

Menos offers a s$orgas'ord of aHing options at eight different salons in the ona ,ul

here you can eHperience so$ething of the pain and transfor$ation of a $edical

vacation ithout the per$anency and frightening side


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MEDICAL TOURISM IN COSTA RICARising healthcare costs in the &640s and &660s lead patients to loo! overseas for $ore

afforda'le options% The close proHi$ity and high standard of care in Costa Rica 'egan to

attract $edical tourists+ especially for dental or!% >uring this period+ 2$ericans 'egantraveling to Central 2$erica to get dental or! that as not covered 'y their insurance or

that they could not afford%

Costa RicaLs $edical touris$ industry continued to gro % Today+ Costa Rica is one of the

$ost relia'le+ afforda'le and efficient countries for $edical procedures% In 30&&+ ,an

JosX+ the capital of Costa Rica+ registered 5A+5@5 foreign patients% The nu$'er of $edical

tourists in Costa Rica is eHpected to continue rising% Nearly one< uarter of 2$ericans

no have passports and flights to Central 2$erica are $ore afforda'le than ever%

Costa Rica has high< uality doctors and dentists+ $any of ho$ ere trained in the /%,%

and are fluent in English% 2lthough there are dentists and doctors throughout Costa Rica+

the $a-ority of procedures are carried out in ,an JosX% ,an JosX has the countryLs 'est

clinics and hospitals+ including the CIM2+ CatYlica and 8Z'lica hospitals%

The doctors on sites li!e .uli.ealth a service that allo s you to search for+ revie and

'oo! doctors online are 'oard certified and reco$$ended 'y top specialists% This

allo s potential patients to 'e confident that they ill receive superior care%

T PES O0 PROCEDURES

*ro$ dental or! to cos$etic surgery+ there is a ide range of $edical procedures

offered in Costa Rica% (eLve 'oiled do n so$e of the $ost co$$on and listed the$

here%

The specialties $ost sought 'y $edical tourists include dentistry 953G:+ gynecology

933G:+ preventive $edicine 9&AG:+ plastic surgery 9&0G:+ orthopedics+ and 'ariatrics%

Other specialties include general surgery and der$atology%

The follo ing list co$piles the $ost co$$on specialties and procedures%

>entists) i$plants+ cro ns+ veneers+ 'ridges+ dentures

Plastic surgeons) plastic surgery+ reconstructive surgery

;eneral surgeons) gastric 'ypass+ gastric sleeve

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http://www.hulihealth.com/http://www.hulihealth.com/


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Orthopedic surgeons) hip+ !nee+ and shoulder replace$ents

>er$atologists) laser re$ovals+ 8otoH

Costa RicaLs doctors and dentists offer a nu$'er of other procedures%

SA$INGS AND COSTS

One of the 'est things a'out traveling to Costa Rica for $edical care is that you save

$oney ithout cutting uality% On average+ $edical tourists save 50


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In addition to saving $oney+ there are other advantages that $edical tourists should

consider%

AD$ANTAGES

The second ord in the phrase "$edical touris$# is i$portant% Traveling to Costa Ricafor a $edical procedure also allo s you to eHplore a foreign land% Costa Rica is a vi'rant

country that dra s people fro$ around the orld% They co$e to hi!e in its rainforests+

lounge along its 'eaches+ and relaH in its hot springs% It is also a place ith $ore

'iodiversity than $ost every here on EarthQduring your ti$e here+ you $ay spot

$on!eys hanging fro$ trees or herons al!ing through estuaries%

Costa Ricans+ !no n locally as ticos+ are friendly and approacha'le% They elco$e

visitors ith a s$ile and are !eenly interested in sho ing travelers their country% If

youLve never practiced ,panish outside a classroo$+ this is a good place to start% The

people are patient and helpful ith those ho atte$pt to spea! their language%

2side fro$ the natural and cultural attractions of Costa Rica+ the country has top in revenue

that year% Needless to say+ this is a huge 'oon to the Costa Rican econo$y% Considering

the countryLs s$all si e+ $edical touris$ can have a idespread i$pact% The added

revenue helps 'uild 'etter $edical facilities and increases the funding for pu'lic services

li!e schools and hospitals%

2nother 'enefit of $edical touris$ for Costa Rica is a pheno$enon that so$e have

ter$ed the "reverse 'rain drain%# This phrase refers to doctors and dentists ho are

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trained at universities in the /%,% or Canada and return ho$e to open a practice and

educate their peers%

MEDICAL TOURISM IN #UNGAR

.ungarian Touris$ pro$otes $edical touris$

.ungarian Touris$ plc is no actively pro$oting $edical touris$ glo'ally+ 'ut targeted

$ostly at (estern Europe%

.ungary is one of the flagship countries of European $edical touris$% 2 uarter of all

$edical students at .ungarian universities co$e fro$ a'road+ and $any .ungarian

specialists teach and practice internationally% The $ain reasons for .ungary s leading role

in European $edical touris$ are long eHperience and practice in the international $ar!et%

The success story 'egan in the eighties+ hen .ungary as a popular destination for

;er$an and 2ustrian patients see!ing top< uality dentistry and dental prosthetic services

of , iss standards% ,ince .ungary -oined the European /nion+ $edical touris$ has

'eco$e $ore varied and $ore international%

The cost of treat$ent is 'et een 50G and @0G of the cost in the / + /,2 and

,candinavian countries% The $ost popular treat$ents and procedures for international

patients are dentistry+ cos$etic surgery+ orthopaedic surgery+ cardiac reha'ilitation+

fertility treat$ent+ der$atology+ anti


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treat$ent+ and $ore%

It is not forgetting the i$portant and historic spa+ ellness and health touris$ angle too%

1in!ing ith $edical touris$+ it is pro$oting $edical spas%

.ungary has $ore $edical spas than any here in Europe+ 2 $edical spa uses ater rich

in $inerals that $edical tests clearly sho has health 'enefits% Ther$al ater is any

naturally occurring spring that e$erges at a te$perature eHceeding ?0[C% 8alneotherapy

is the treat$ent of a $edical condition ith ater fro$ a $edicinal spring particularly

ater ith high concentrations of dissolved $inerals and sedi$ent% 8alneotherapy is

co$'ined ith physiotherapy+ electrotherapy and therapeutic $assage% This is

co$ple$ented 'y related treat$ents+ including drin!ing cures and inhalation%

8udapest is a spa capital+ and there are $any type of spas fro$ historic Tur!ish andRo$an to $edical and party spas% The country sits on one of the richest geother$al and

$edicinal ater resources in the orld% .ungarian springs have supported a 'athing

culture dating 'ac! to Ro$an ti$es%

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MEDICAL TOURISM IN INDIA2ccording to the Confederation of Indian Industries 9CII:+ India is uni ue as it offers

holistic $edicinal services% (ith yoga+ $editation+ ayurveda+ allopathy+ and other

syste$s of $edicines+ India offers a uni ue 'as!et of services to an individual that is

difficult to $atch 'y other countries+ says CII% 2lso+ clinical outco$es in India are at par

ith the orldLs 'est centres+ 'esides having internationally ualified and eHperienced

specialists% ,tatistics suggest that the $edical touris$ industry in India is orth ???

$illion 9Rs &+570 Crore: hile a study 'y CII


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Indian phar$aceuticals $eet the stringent re uire$ents of the /%,% *ood and >rug

2d$inistration% 2dditionally+ IndiaLs uality of care is up to 2$erican standards+ and

so$e Indian $edical centres even provide services that are unco$$on else here%

Earlier this $onth+ the insurance co$pany (ell Point announced a progra$ that ill

allo e$ployees of a (isconsin printing co$pany to get coverage for non


43/68

#ealt9 Re>7latio< O? B7rea7 O? I;;i>ratio<

(A) For entry into India:-

2ny person+ *oreigner or Indian+ 9eHcluding infants 'elo siH $onths: arriving 'y air orsea ithout a vaccination certificate of yello fever ill 'e !ept in uarantine isolation

for a period up to A days if )• .e arrives in India ithin A days of departureKtransit fro$ a yello fever ende$ic

area%• .as co$e on a ship hich has started fro$ or transited at any port in a yello

fever ende$ic country ithin ?0 days of its arrival in India provided such ship has

not 'een disinfected in accordance ith the procedure laid do n 'y (.O%(B) For leaving India:-

There is no health chec! re uire$ent 'y Indian ;overn$ent on passengers leaving India%

Persons leaving for a yello fever infected area are advised in their o n interest to get

the$selves vaccinated and to 'e possession of valid yello fever vaccination certificates

'efore they leave the country%

2n ad$inistrative 2rrange$ent for the health control of sea+ air and land traffic eHists

'et een the ;overn$ent of India and the ;overn$ent of 8angladesh% It i$plies that +if

any aircraft or ship or land traffic fro$ a third country arrives first at any airport or port

or 'order chec! post in either of the agree$ent countries and then directly 9 ithout

touching any other third country enroute: reaches the second country of the agree$ent+

all health chec!s ill 'e co$pleted in the country of first arrival and the travellers ill 'e

eHe$pted fro$ any further health chec! on arrival in the second country%

Perso


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• Cre and passengers of an aircraft transiting through an airport located in yello

fever infected area provided the .ealth Officer is satisfied that such persons

re$ained ithin the airport pre$ises during the period of stay%

Co7ar=e= as @ello ?ever i


45/68

MEDICAL TOURISM IN MALA SIAThe Malaysian touris$ industry is a vi'rant one% The Malaysian govern$ent through its

Ministry of Touris$ Malaysia oversees touris$ policies and touris$


46/68

National or International 'ody recogni ed 'ythe International ,ociety for uality in

.ealthcare 9I, ua:%

The list of the participating hospitals and detailed criteria is posted on the MO. e'site%

The nu$'er of specialist hospitals and clinics has increased in Malaysia offering a great

variety of treat$ents including cos$etic and reconstructive surgery+ dialysis and

Nephrology+ fertility treat$ents and speciali ed $edical pac!ages for $en and o$en

-ust to $ention a fe %

These have resulted in increasing visitors arriving Malaysia for treat$ents% 2ccording to

>eloitte Medical Touris$ report 3004+ healthcare cost can 'e as lo as 37G of cost of

e uivalent treat$ent in the /nited ,tates of 2$erica%

Other favora'le ena'lers for health touris$ in Malaysia include favora'le eHchange rates+

$ulticultural and $ultiracial society+ ide range of tourist attractions and orld


47/68

This has huge i$plication for students of various disciplines such as $edicine+

nursing+ hospitality and touris$ $anage$ent and other $edical


48/68

MEDICAL TOURISM IN ME ICOMeHico has $ore than a do en destinations speciali ed in $edical touris$+ here

touristic providers -oin $edical care of the highest uality to $eet the fields of oncology+

orthopedics+ cardiology+ general surgery+ plastic surgery and gastroenterology% The International Joint Co$$ission has accredited @ hospitals in our country% In turn+ the

*ederal Ministry of .ealth has provided certification for &07 hospitals+ 64 of hich are

e uivalent to international standards%

Medical Touris$ in MeHico is staffed 'y highly ualified doctors and nurses to provide

care and service ith orld ide uality through an eHtensive infrastructure ith cutting<

edge $edical technology%

Medical chec!ups+ preventive care+ speciali ed surgery and the recovery process of our

tourists+ are pro$oted and $onitored ith ar$th and professionalis$ of our service

during your entire trip+ $a!ing your stay co$forta'le and safe in our country% To

co$plete the process in opti$al conditions+ e have the 'est conditions for total

recovery) different cli$ates 'y region+ fro$ ar$ to te$perate+ ith healthy and

regulated environ$ents+ hotels and touristic destinations internationally recogni ed for its

diversity and appeal%

2t first glance+ Medical Touris$ and healthcare in MeHico $ight see$ li!e a si$ilar

$odel to the /nited ,tates% In the MeHican healthcare syste$+ private insurance is

availa'le to those ho can afford it+ hile the govern$ent ta!es certain steps to su'sidi e

healthcare for those citi ens ho are too poor to afford any co$prehensive healthcare of

their o n%

.o ever+ the si$ilarities end there% (hile 2$erican health care is undou'tedly one of

the orldLs $ost eHpensive+ healthcare in MeHico is ildly cheap in co$parison and as a

result Medical Touris$ in MeHico has 'een increasing for years and is a 'oo$ing gro thindustry for MeHico%

8ut this cheapness doesnLt under$ine the uality of healthcare in MeHico in fact+ several

orld health organi ations have rated the healthcare syste$ in MeHico as eHcellent+ ith

$any California policies even re uiring patients to undergo specific health procedures in

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MeHico+ here healthcare is cheaper and prescription $edications are -ust pennies on the

dollar%

2dditionally+ the pu'lic healthcare syste$ in MeHico rivals that of those found in

European countries li!e England and , it erland% The MeHican constitution guarantees

that all citi ens have the right to healthcare+ and the federal govern$ent su'sidi es all or

so$e of the costs of healthcare+ depending on the e$ploy$ent status of the patient in

uestion%

2s you can see+ despite hat so$e $ay thin!+ healthcare in MeHico is a$ong the 'est in

the orld% In this article+ eLll eHplore ho this eHtraordinary co$$it$ent to healthcare

ca$e a'out+ and ho 'oth pu'lic and private healthcare in MeHico operates today%

T#E #ISTOR O0 #EALT#CARE IN ME ICO

No eHa$ination of healthcare in MeHico ould 'e co$plete ithout a co$prehensive

loo! as to ho this uni ue syste$ ca$e a'out% MeHican healthcare first started in the late

&@00s+ hen the first hospital as founded in ;uadala-ara in &@6&% The institution is no

a (orld .eritage ,ite+ and also 'oasts so$e of the 'est researchers and $edical

practitioners in all of MeHico%

2dditionally+ this institution is the largest of its !ind in MeHico and in all of 1atin

2$erica+ hich is an i$pressive feat considering that the hospital -ust cele'rated its

300th 'irthday only t enty years ago%

(hile the rest of the orld as !nee


50/68

policies that allo ed it to su'sidi e healthcare for all MeHican citi ens% This $eant that

citi ens ho could not afford access to MeHican private insurance 9 hich operates on a

free $ar!et 'asis+ li!e in the /nited ,tates: could en-oy free healthcare depending on

their e$ploy$ent status%

*or eHa$ple+ if a MeHican citi en is une$ployed+ all of their healthcare costs are

su'sidi ed if a citi en $a!es -ust a'out the official poverty level+ a $a-ority of

healthcare is su'sidi ed% Even ealthier citi ens ho en-oy private health insurance can

en-oy health 'enefits that are su'sidi ed in part 'y the MeHican federal govern$ent%

If you 'elieve that this !ind of universal healthcare in MeHico $eans that hospitals

eHperience a significantly lo er standard of care+ then youLll 'e surprised to learn that

pu'lic healthcare institutions are regarded as far 'etter uality than "private# hospitals%

In fact+ a recent survey indicated that hile MeHico 'oasts a'out ?+000 private hospitals+so$e of these institutions ere only hospitals in na$e+ as they had no la'oratories and

only specific diagnostic services+ so theses are closer to clinics here doctors practice

$ostly speciali ed procedures for outpatient care and short ter$ treat$ents and

noncritical recovery 'eds for patients%

This does not $ean that healthcare in MeHico does not have i$prove$ents to $a!e%

(hile recent studies indicate that $ortality rates in MeHico are dropping faster than in

Cu'a+ Canada and the /nited ,tates+ the death per capita rate is still far too high+ as itLs

over 50G higher than that of the /,% .o ever+ the (orld .ealth Organi ation 9(.O:

has indicated that these high $ortality rates $a!e less of a reflection on healthcare in

MeHico as they do on other factors that result in death%

T#E UNITED STATES AND #EALT#CARE IN ME ICO

(ith such a li'eral approach to universal healthcare+ itLs not surprising that $ore /,

citi ens are visiting MeHico to receive cheaper $edical and cos$etic treat$ents in fact+so$e private health insurance co$panies in California $andate that patients receive care

in MeHico+ here care is astrono$ically cheaper hich is a pri$ary factor driving

Medical Touris$ in MeHico%

(ant to !no -ust ho cheap healthcare in MeHico is\ The average visit to the doctorLs

office in MeHico costs 37 9/,:+ hile an overnight stay in a hospital costs -ust ?7%

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Co$pare this to the hundreds of dollars re uired for a doctorLs visit in the /nited ,tates+

and itLs easy to see hy itLs esti$ated that up to 40+000 2$erican citi ens travel to

MeHico to receive healthcare%

2dditionally+ any /nited ,tates citi en ho has legal residency in MeHico $ay enroll in

the federal govern$entLs IM,, progra$+ $eaning that they can receive their healthcare

for $uch cheaper% 8etter still+ a ne la $andates that you only need to 'uy property in

MeHico to en-oy this healthcare 'enefit% ,o hatLs the cost for 2$ericans to enroll in

IM,,\ Just 500 a year+ hich is astrono$ically lo er than the 7000 that the average

2$erican spends to en-oy going 'ro!e for 'asic /, health insurance% These facts are

another ga$e changer for retirees loo!ing for the 'enefits Medical Touris$ in MeHico

offers%

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MEDICAL TOURISM IN SINGAPOREThe 'eautiful island city


53/68

section intends to aid hospitals in designing their 'usiness strategies and provide the$

ith !ey insights that can help the$ 'oost their profits%

The report also covers an analysis of the healthcare industry+ 'ro!en do n into five $a-or

procedures vi %+ Cardiac+ Orthopedic+ Neurological B ,pinal ,urgery+ Cos$etic ,urgery+

and >ental procedures% This has helped the analysts to clearly identify and highlight the

procedures offering $aHi$u$ opportunity for gro th% Moreover+ for an analysis of the

costs of getting treat$ent in ,ingapore versus other countries+ a pri$ary research has

'een conducted%

8esides+ the report covers govern$ent regulations to provide a co$prehensive picture of

the ,ingapore $edical touris$ industry to the authors clients% The study delves into a

detailed description and !ey statistics of the $a-or hospitals in the industry% 2ccordingly+

through a pri$ary research+ the report highlights the participation of these hospitals in the$edical touris$ industry 'y covering patients visits 'y destination and the $ost popular

treat$ents that international patients avail%

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MEDICAL TOURISM IN SOUT# %OREA/nli!e its neigh'or to the north+ ,outh orea is perceived around the orld as a gentle

and fun


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,outh oreaLs healthcare syste$s are a$ong the 'est in 2sia% The countryLs general

health office is called the Ministry of .ealth and (elfare% This office or!s ith the

govern$ent and other health agencies in the country in $a!ing and enforcing policies

regarding pu'lic health and safety% Pu'lic and private e$ployees are covered 'y

healthcare insurance+ as $andated 'y the govern$ent+ and $any hospitals continually

update their syste$s and facilities a 'ig dra for $edical tourists ho go to ,outh

orea%

The office of Ministry of .ealth and (elfare of ,outh orea is responsi'le for finding

ays to enhance their uality of life+ fostering health a$ong children and adults+ giving

long


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Thailand+ along ith its 2sian neigh'ors ,ingapore and India+ accounts for 60G of 2siaLs

$edical touris$ $ar!et% Each year+ over a $illion foreigners plan their $edical travel

around a Thailand holiday clu''ing sight


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driver in Thailand% To co$pare+ the Thai auto$otive industry accounted for &3G of ;>P

last year+ hile $anufacturing led the ay accounting for ?AG of ;>P in 30&&%

;iven ThailandLs reputation for graceful and attentive service+ it is not hard to see hy

8ang!o! has uic!ly 'eco$e the $edical touris$ hu' of 2sia% ,uvarna'hu$i 2irport is

serviced 'y airlines fro$ around the orld+ reasona'ly


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$edical travel co$pany that sends patients to 8ang!o! as ell as to seven other

countries+ including Tur!ey and MeHico% "2ll of the patients e have sent to these

hospitals have given us eHcellent feed'ac! on their procedures and their eHperiences at

the facilities%#

Co$$itting to airfares+ acco$$odation+ out of net or! or uninsured $edical 'ills and

ti$e off or! is a 'ig decision for travelers to $a!e% et it see$s for $any+ the 'enefits

and savings out eigh the ris!s% *or eHa$ple+ a hip replace$ent at 8ang!o!Ls

8u$rungrad hospital costs 7@7+4?5 'aht on average+ a'out half the price of the sa$e

operation in the /,+ $a!ing it a orth hile consideration for $any ho are open<

$inded enough to ta!e the plunge%

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MEDICAL TOURISM IN TUR%ETur!ey is rapidly eHpanding in $edical touris$ and has set itself so$e a$'itious goals%

The Ministry of .ealth ai$s to $a!e @ 'illion in revenue fro$ 700+000 foreign patients

in 30&7+ hile it has set its sights on reaching 30 'illion in 303? fro$ 3 $illion foreign patients%

(ithin the health $inistry is the >epart$ent of .ealth Touris$+ hich ai$s to pro$ote

$edical touris$ and coepart$ent of .ealth Touris$ analy es these

figures 'y province+ hospital+ and county of origin% It eHpects 30&? to produce at least

370+000 $edical tourists% Medical tourists $ainly see! eye treat$ent+ hair transplants+

dentistry+ and cos$etic surgery plus orthopedic treat$ent+ cervical herniated discs and

slipped dis! treat$ent+ gynecological and urological operations+ plus treat$ent at ear+

nose and throat clinics% 6& G use private hospitals and the re$aining 6 G use pu'lic

hospitals% ;er$any+ Russia+ 2 er'ai-an+ the Netherlands+ Ira and *rance top the list of

the countries hose citi ens visit Tur!ey for health touris$% In addition+ a significant

nu$'er of visitors co$e fro$ /!raine+ 8elgiu$+ a a!hstan+ Ro$ania+ 1i'ya+ ;eorgia

and the / % Tur!ey attracts the largest health tourists fro$ ;er$any+ the Netherlands and

*rance+ as the population of people ith Tur!ish roots is high% The health $inistry plansne $edical touris$ regulation this year including regulation of $edical touris$

agencies+ $edical spa rules+ reha'ilitation service la s+ plus general health touris$

regulation% The $inistry also eHpects that the share of pu'lic hospitals in attracting

foreign patients ill increase to &0 G in the years to co$e% The top five destinations for

foreign patients are Istan'ul+ ocaeli+ 2n!ara+ 2ntalya and Mu]la%

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C9apter /4

“DATA ANAL SIS H

INTERPRETATION”

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Medical Touris$ is a fast gro ing industry orld ide and involves the $ove$ent of

people fro$ one country to another country or fro$ one state ithin a country to another

state to see! $edical treat$ents that are either not availa'le in the individualsL state or

country+ $ore advanced in the destination state or country or less costly in the destination

state or country%

This article see!s to discuss health touris$+ the perfor$ance of Malaysian health touris$

industry+ its develop$ent and future% I$plications for students ill also 'e discussed%

2ccording to >eloitte Medical Touris$ report 3004+ this touris$ sector as eHpected to

reach an esti$ated /, &00 'illion as at last year 930&0: $ainly due to cost savings+

co$paratively sa$e uality of $edical care and uic! access to treat$ents%

It esti$ated that 'y 30&@+ an esti$ated &7%@7 $illion $edical tourists ill travel fro$ the

/nited ,tates alone to other countries for $edical treat$ents co$pared to @70+000tourists in 300@ according to the sa$e report%

OUTBOUND MEDICAL TOURISM

2ccording to the >eloitte Center for .ealth ,olutions+ there ere @70+000 out'ound%2$erican $edical tourists in 300@+ a nu$'er hich $ay increase to up to &%A $illion 'y

30&3 9>eloitte+ 3006:% 2 3006 ;allup poll found that "up to 36G of 2$ericans ould

consider traveling a'road for $edical procedures 9Edelheit+ '+ n%d%:%INBOUND MEDICAL TOURISM

2ccording to the 30&0 survey on in'ound $edical touris$ 'y ,tac!pole B 2ssociates+

the regions representing the greatest nu$'er of in'ound patients ere) MeHico 93&%&4G:+

the Middle East 9&5G:+ ,outh 2$erica 9&3%??G:+ Central 2$erica


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$odel has yet to e$erge as an agreed


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%


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Stats o? Me=ical To7rists ?or Plastic S7r>er@

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A5 | P a g e


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C9apter4*

“SUMMAR AND

CONCLUSION”

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Medical touris$ is li!ely to increase over the neHt decade as $ore patients are a'le to

access the Internet and ac uire infor$ation relevant to care offered overseas at an

afforda'le price% (hile so$e patients ill 'enefit i$$ensely fro$ treat$ent as a $edical

tourist+ $any legal and ethical issues ill also arise% Nurses need to fa$iliari e

the$selves ith the 'enefits of $edical touris$ hile also ac!no ledging its inherent

dangers% Potential $edical tourists ill 'enefit fro$ the services of a !no ledgea'le

health professional in their ho$e country ho can discuss the $any issues that relate to

this $edical touris$% It is eHpected that $edical touris$ ill provide a ne role for

nurses as this healthcare trend eHpands around the orld%

Individuals have the right to travel+ and+ ac!no ledging various restrictions+ li'eral

de$ocratic nations per$it citi ens to cross national 'orders% Increasing nu$'ers of

patients are traveling in search of health care+ and patients are free to travel a'road if theyish to o'tain health care outside their local co$$unity% .o ever+ there are ris!s

associated ith cross


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often addressed in relation to hospitals+ health

Documents

Medical Tourism, A Global Perspective