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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY FOR
HEALTHCARE INTERPRETERS:
DISEASES, DISORDERS &
TREATMENTS OF THE
GALLBLADDER
Natalya Mytareva, M.A., CoreCHI™
CCHI Managing Director©2012-15, Natalya Mytareva
Permission to use: The content of this presentation may be used for non-commercial purposes with the appropriate attribution to the author.
WEBINAR LOGISTICS OVERVIEW
The materials used in the webinar: this PowerPoint (pdf), the texts & glossary will be emailed to you as web link from which you can download them (i.e. no attachment). This is not a public link.
No recording will be available at this time.
The certificate will be emailed to you and be contained in the body of the message (i.e. no attachment).
WEBINAR LOGISTICS OVERVIEW
Both emails will come from [email protected]. Make sure that you have this email address as “preferred sender” or “friend” or “not-Spam”.
Both emails will be sent by 2/21. If you miss them (please check “Promotions” folder in gmail & the Spam folder in gmail, Hotmail & all others), email us at [email protected].
WEBINAR AGENDA
1. Methods of acquiring new medical terminology
2. The gallbladder & its function in the digestive system, main gallbladder disorders, diagnostic procedures and treatment options
3. Terminology exercises
4. Brief quiz and wrap up
PRESENTER’S DISCLAIMER
Information presented during this webinar is for linguistic purposes only and does NOT constitute any medical advice.
I do not have any conflict of interest to disclose related to any medical or pharmaceutical information in this presentation.
METHODS OF ACQUIRING NEW TERMINOLOGY
HOW DOES OUR BRAIN THINK?
Radiant thinking pattern
Main idea
idea
idea
ideaidea
Idea
Words Images
Abstract reasoning & physical tasks with a step-
by-step progression
Spatial acuity
METHODS OF ACQUIRING NEW TERMINOLOGY
1. Mind-mapping: Tony Buzan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlabrWv25qQ
MIND-MAPPING STEPS FOR LEARNING NEW
TERMINOLOGY
1. Write a term in the center of the map
2. Brainstorm associations
3. Find each word’s definition
4. Decide on the map's flow (structure)
FREE MIND-MAPPING APPS
Mindmup – for Chrome (desktop & Android)
SimpleMind+ – for Apple (iphone, ipad)
Demo of a mind-map - Gallbladder
MIND MAP FOR “GALLBLADDER”
A MIND MAP FOR A BODY ORGAN TERM
#1
#3#2
#4 #5
A MIND MAP FOR A BODY ORGAN TERM
METHODS OF ACQUIRING NEW TERMINOLOGY
2. Online search in English & non-English
Use either your-language Google or – better-“your”-country search engine (e.g. Russian –Яндекс)
Try to find a website of a reputable hospital (usually in a capital city), or medical school, or a specialty association then search within that website for a department and/or patient materials on the same subject
Images used in the presentation are only for the demonstration of how one can find them on the web through different web searches.
METHODS OF ACQUIRING NEW TERMINOLOGY
2. Online search
Images search for body organs in English
2. Online search
Imagessearch for body organs in Spanish
2. Online search
Images search for body organs in Russian
2. Online search
Images search for body organs in Chinese
2. Online search
Images search for body organs in Arabic
GALLBLADDER-RELATED ROOTS
Bladder= Sac of fluid
Gall (Germ.)
= Bile (Fr./Lat.)
Chole-(Greek)
Cyst(Gk, Latin)
GALLBLADDER-RELATED ROOTS
Stone
Lith/o(Greek)
METHODS OF ACQUIRING NEW TERMINOLOGY
2. Online search in English & non-English
YouTube for functions and procedures
To gain knowledge by engaging visual and auditory memory
To practice consecutive or simultaneous interpreting
EXERCISE. WATCH & BE READY TO ANSWER A
QUESTION AFTERWARDS
Gallbladder Problems: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjCRDljp9xk
METHODS OF ACQUIRING NEW TERMINOLOGY
3. Parallel Text Matching
PARALLEL TEXT MATCHING
Use either your-language Google or your-country search engine to find 2-3 documents of the same nature (subject & communicative purpose)
Select the documents from reputable sites:
your country’s Departments of Health,
major hospitals (usually in the capital city of your country),
Specialty association (e.g. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
major health-related publication (magazine or journal)
major manufacturer of medication or equipment
Another method – use Wikipedia
EXERCISE. PARALLEL TEXT MATCHING
In Google or your-country search engine, using your language keyboard, type “gallbladder” or“gallbladder problems” (use your language equivalent: желчный or пузырь проблемы желчного пузыря)
Find a link that you consider reputable, open the webpage and quickly review:
Reads like a native-speaker produced text, not translation
Has relevant information
Copy the link and paste it into the Questions box
EXERCISE. WATCH THE VIDEO & ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS WHEN THE PRESENTER PROMPTS.
Gallbladder Diseases (cholelithiasis, choledecholithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis) –https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSGhOJpWl_M
GALLBLADDER CONDITIONS
SYMPTOMS OF GALLSTONES
Biliary colic, i.e. abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Belching
Bloating
Indigestion
Nausea & vomiting
Diarrhea & constipation
Jaundice
Bile reflux
Fever
EXERCISE. FIND AN EQUIVALENT FOR A TERM
& VERIFY ITS ACCURACY
Bloating Demo with Google Translate:
Russian
Вспучивание
Вздутие живота
Метеоризм
Other languages – agree or not
VERIFY ACCURACY OF FOUND EQUIVALENTS
Type in a potentially correct equivalent, and see how many results (webpages) the equivalent gets.
Read 1-2 webpages that came up in the search to make sure they refer to the same concept.
If you have 2-3 potentially correct equivalents, compare the results and use the equivalent with the highest results.
If you have very few webpage results, continue looking for a better equivalent (unless this is a brand new term – then check again in 1-6 months)
VERIFY ACCURACY OF FOUND EQUIVALENTS
If no online resources are available:
Start a query/ask a question at ProZ.com.
Consult with your fellow interpreters.
Ask your community (elders, educated people):
“If I say this, what does it mean to you?”
“I’m trying to convey this American concept in our language. Does it make sense? Is there a better way of saying this?”
EXERCISE. FIND AN EQUIVALENT IN YOUR
LANGUAGE OF THE TERM IN BLUE & TYPE IT IN
THE QUESTIONS BOX
1. Biliary colic
– A steady or intermittent ache in the upper abdomen, usually under the right side of the rib cage. It happens when something blocks the normal flow of bile from the gallbladder.
FIND AN EQUIVALENT IN YOUR LANGUAGE OF
THE TERM IN BLUE & TYPE IT IN THE
QUESTIONS BOX
2. Bile reflux
– A condition that occurs when bile flows upward (back ups, refluxes) into the stomach and esophagus. Bile reflux may accompany acid reflux.
FIND AN EQUIVALENT IN YOUR LANGUAGE OF
THE TERM IN BLUE & TYPE IT IN THE
QUESTIONS BOX
3. Jaundice
– A condition when the skin, mucus membranes, or whites of the eyes turn yellow. The yellow coloring comes from excess of the pigment bilirubin.
EXERCISE. IDENTIFY REGISTER OF SYNONYMS
Acute Cholecystitis
1. Gallbladder attack
2. Gallstones episode
EXERCISE. IDENTIFY REGISTER OF SYNONYMS
To radiate to scapular area
1. To migrate to the shoulder blade area
2. To spread to the area near the shoulder blade
EXERCISE. IDENTIFY REGISTER OF SYNONYMS
Hepatic Function Panel
1. Blood tests for liver
2. Liver function tests
EXERCISE. IDENTIFY REGISTER OF SYNONYMS
Bile reflux
1. Duodenogastric reflux
2. Biliary reflux
INTERPRETING TERMS THAT DON’T HAVE
STANDARD EQUIVALENTS
1. Analyze components of the word’s lexical meaning
Denotation= direct, literal meaning; the
object or concept to which the
word refers
Connotation= idea or feeling that a
word implies; emotive
charge or stylistic
reference (register)
To be brave
To have the guts
to do sth
To have the gall
to do sth
INTERPRETING TERMS THAT DON’T HAVE
STANDARD EQUIVALENTS
2. Check if a “word picture” is a good choice for translating the term
A “word picture” translation is a graphic description in the Target language of the concept or object represented by 1 word in the Source language.
WORD PICTURE
Laparoscope
A thin lighted tube that is
inserted through a small
cut in the abdomen,
usually in the navel, to
enable a doctor to view
the internal organs
INTERPRETING TERMS THAT DON’T HAVE
STANDARD EQUIVALENTS
3. To check for equivalency in meaning, back-translate (“back-interpret”) the found
solution
A “back-translation” is a translation of a translated text back into the language of the Source text, made without reference to the Source text.
BACK-TRANSLATION
Kleenex
Бумажный
носовой платок
Одноразовый
носовой платок
Paper handkerchief
Disposable
handkerchief
EXERCISE. “WORD PICTURE” – WHICH
OPTION IS CORRECT?
Pigment gallstones
1. Gallstones with some color
2. Gallstones made of bilirubin
EXERCISE. “WORD PICTURE” – WHICH
OPTION IS CORRECT?
Sickle cell anemia
1. A condition when red blood cells are shaped like a crescent
2. A condition when blood cells are not round
EXERCISE. “WORD PICTURE” – WHICH
OPTION IS CORRECT?
Gallbladder detox
1. Use of certain medicines and recipes to naturally remove gallstones and purify the gallbladder
2. Special procedure to remove gallstones and clean the gallbladder
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES FOR GALLBLADDER
PROBLEMS
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR GALLBLADDER PROBLEMS
EXERCISE. WATCH THE VIDEO & BE PREPARED
TO ANSWER QUESTIONS AFTERWARDS
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECmwbwIrBI8
DOCUMENTS FOR SIGHT TRANSLATION
Procedure Preparation Instructions for ERCP:
http://www.cpmc.org/advanced/endoscopy/patient/ies_prep_ercp.html
Surgical Consent for Cholecystectomy:
http://www.starkvillesurgical.com/pdf/Surgical%20Consent%20for%20Cholecystectomy.pdf
EXERCISE. PARAPHRASE
Which paraphrase of the original text is wrong? Why?
SENTENCE 1
Please inform us if you have had a barium X-ray or CT scan in the past 2-3 days.
1. Please let us know if you had any X-ray tests with barium or with computer scan 3 days ago.
2. Please let us know if you had any X-rays with barium or with computer scan between today and 3 days ago.
SENTENCE 1
Please inform us if you have had a barium X-ray or CT scan in the past 2-3 days.
1. Please let us know if you had any X-ray tests with barium or with computer scan 3 days ago.
2. Please let us know if you had any X-rays with barium or with computer scan between today and 3 days ago.
SENTENCE 2
If you are a diabetic, please notify our office at 415-600-1151, and our R.N. will discuss your morning diabetes medications with you.
1. If you are taking diabetes medications, please call our office at 415-600-1151, and our nurse will tell if you can take them on the morning of the procedure.
2. If you have diabetes, please call our office at 415-600-1151, and our nurse will discuss what to do about your medications in the mornings.
SENTENCE 2
If you are a diabetic, please notify our office at 415-600-1151, and our R.N. will discuss your morning diabetes medications with you.
1. If you are taking diabetes medications, please callour office at 415-600-1151, and our nurse will tell if you can take them on the morning of the procedure.
2. If you have diabetes, please call our office at 415-600-1151, and our nurse will discuss what to do about your medications in the mornings.
SENTENCE 3
You may have clear liquids until 4 hours before your procedure, then have nothing at all by mouth.
1. You may drink colorless liquids up to 4 hours before the procedure, then you must not drink anything at all.
2. You may drink see-through liquids up to 4 hours before the procedure, then you must not drink or eat anything at all.
SENTENCE 3
You may have clear liquids until 4 hours before your procedure, then have nothing at all by mouth.
1. You may drink colorless liquids up to 4 hours before the procedure, then you must not drink anything at all.
2. You may drink see-through liquids up to 4 hours before the procedure, then you must not drink or eat anything at all.
EXERCISE. GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES OF
HEALTHCARE DOCUMENTS
Into how many simple sentences can these long sentences be split without changing the meaning or too many additions/repetitions?
SENTENCE 1
Gallbladder inflammation may happen because of foods that are eaten, an infection or if stones block the cystic
duct (opening out of the gallbladder).
SENTENCE 1
1. Gallbladder inflammation may happen because you have eaten certain foods, or because of an infection.
2. It may also happen if stones block the opening out of the gallbladder which is called the cystic duct.
SENTENCE 2
The vast majority of cholectystectomiesare performed utilizing a laparoscope (a thin telescope-like tube) that is inserted
through a puncture wound near the navel.
SENTENCE 2
1. The vast majority of cholectystectomiesare performed utilizing a laparoscope.
2. Laparoscope is a thin telescope-like tube.
3. It is inserted through a puncture wound near the navel.
SENTENCE 3
If at the time of the surgery, it is not safe to complete the procedure laparoscopically, an incision is made under the rib cage on the right side of the abdomen, and the gallbladder is removed in the traditional (open) manner.
SENTENCE 3
1. If at the time of the surgery, it is not safe to complete the procedure laparoscopically, an incision is made under the rib cage on the right side of the abdomen.
2. And then the gallbladder is removed in the traditional manner, that is with the open surgery.
SENTENCE 4
In some circumstances, a cholangiogram(x-ray of the bile duct) may be obtained at the time of surgery to see if stones have passed out of the gallbladder into the main bile duct.
SENTENCE 4
1. In some circumstances, an x-ray of the bile duct, called cholangiogram, may be obtained at the time of surgery.
2. It is done to see if stones have passed out of the gallbladder into the main bile duct.
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