MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYChapter 16: Endocrine System

Chapter 16 Abbreviations

Ca Fe K Na 2 hr pp

BMP BS FBS GTT

calcium iron potassium sodium two hour post-prandial (meal)

blood glucose test basic metabolic panel blood sugar fasting blood sugar glucose tolerance test

Chapter 16 Abbreviations

T3

T4 TSH DM Type I

Type II

thyroid test (triiodothyronine) thyroid test (thyroxine) thyroid-stimulating hormone diabetes mellitus Type I diabetes, formerly known

as juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes

Type II diabetes, formerly known as adult onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes

Endocrine System

Composed of endocrine glands throughout the body, including: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, and thymus

Function Regulates body activities through the use of

chemical messengers called hormones, which when released into the bloodstream influence metabolic activities, growth, and development

Regulates body activities through electrical impulses and activation of glandular secretions

Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands pituitary gland or hypophysis cerebri

approximately the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain. Often referred to as the master gland because it produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands. Divided into two lobes: anterior and posterior lobes

anterior lobe (adenohypophysis): produces and secretes the following hormones growth hormone – regulates the growth of

the body adrenocorticotropic hormone – stimulates

the adrenal cortex

Endocrine System

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) – stimulates the thyroid gland

gonadotropic hormones – affect the male and female reproductive systems

follicle-stimulating hormones , luteinizing hormone – regulate development, growth, and function of the ovaries and testes

prolactin-releasing hormone, lactogenic hormone – promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after birth of an infant

Endocrine System

posterior lobe (neurohypophysis): stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin antidiuretic hormone – stimulates the kidney

to reabsorb water oxytocin – stimulates uterine contractions

during labor and postpartum

hypothalamus located superior to the pituitary gland in the

brain. Secretes “releasing” hormone that functions to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones

Endocrine System

thyroid gland largest endocrine gland, located anteriorly in the

neck below the larynx and comprises bilateral lobes connected by an isthmus.

secretes the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which require iodine for their production. Thyroxine is necessary for body cell metabolism

parathyroid glands four small bodies embedded in the posterior

aspect of the lobes of the thyroid gland. Parathormone, the hormone produced by the glands, helps maintain the level of calcium in the blood

Endocrine System

islets of Langerhans clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout

the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including insulin and glucagon. Non-endocrine cells found throughout the pancreas produce enzymes that facilitate digestion

adrenal glands or suprarenals paired glands, one of which is located above

each kidney. Outer portion is the adrenal cortex,the inner portion is the adrenal medulla. The glands secrete the following hormones:

Endocrine System

cortisol: secreted by the adrenal cortex. Aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels to provide energy (hydrocortisone)

aldosterone: secreted by the adrenal cortex. Electrolytes (mineral salts) that are necessary for normal body function are regulated by this hormone

epinephrine (adrenaline0, norepinephrine (noradrenaline): secreted by the adrenal medulla. These hormones help the body to deal with stress by increasing the blood pressure, heartbeat, and respirations

EndocrineSystem

Endocrine System

Endocrine System

Word Parts for Endocrine SystemCombining Form Definition aden/o adren/o,

adrenal/o cortic/o endocrin/o mudull/o parathyroid/o pituitar/o thyroid/o,

thyr/o

gland adrenal glands cortex (outer layer of a body organ) endocrine medulla (middle/inner layer of body

organ) parathyroid glands pituitary gland thyroid gland

Word Parts for Endocrine SystemCombining Form Definition acr/o calc/i dips/o kal/i natr/o

extremities, height calcium thirst potassium sodium

Suffix Definition -drome run, running

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition acromegaly adenitis adenomegaly adenosis adrenalitis adrenomegaly hypercalcemia hyperglycemia hyperkalemia hyperpituitaris

m

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition hyperthyroidism hypocalcemia hypoglycemia hypokalemia hyponatremia hypopituitarism hypothryoidism parathyroidoma thyroiditis

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition acidosis

goiter tetany

thyrotoxicosis

condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of acid products of metabolism such as seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

enlargement of the thyroid gland condition affecting nerves causing

muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone

a condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition adenectomy adrenalectomy parathyroidectomy thyroidectomy thyroidotomy thyroparathyroidect

omy

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term DefinitionLABORATORY fasting blood

sugar (FBS)

thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH)

a blood test performed after the patient has fasted for 8 to 10 hours to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood at the time of the test. Elevation may include diabetes mellitus

a blood test that measures the amt. of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood; used to diagnose hypothyroidism and to monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition thyroxine level

(T4) a blood study that gives the

direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the patient’s blood. A greater-than-normal amount indicates hyperthyroidism; a less-than-normal amount indicates hypothyroidism

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complementary Terms]Term Definition adrenocorticohyperplasia adrenopathy cortical corticoid endocrinologist endocrinology endocrinopathy euthyroid polydipsia syndrome

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complementary Terms]Term Definition hormone

metabolism

a chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue

sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism