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Medical Image Analysis
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Department of Computer Science
University of MünsterGermany
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Recap
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
X-Ray
CT
MRI
Larmor frequency
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Nuclear Medicine
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Nuclear medicine
Function not Density
Oncology/Cancer
Heart tissue viability
Brain dysfunctionepilepsystrokealzheimer
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Radioactivity
Bohr’s atomic model
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Radioactivity
Isotopes
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Radioactivity
1. α decay
2. β- decay
3. β+ decay
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
N
Z
Radioactivity
4. Electron capture
5. γ emission
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Radioactive penetration
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Radioactivity
Law of radioactive decay
Law of attenuation
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Isotop Half life4H 9.93696 × 10−23 Seconds26Na 1 Second15O 122 Seconds18F 110 Minutes131I 8 Days137Cs 30 Years239Pu 24.110 Years238U 4.468.000.000 Years
232Th 14.050.000.000 Years
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Cyclotron
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Cyclotron
particles passing through the gap are accelerated
increase in velocity and mass result in spiral path
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Gamma Scintigraphy
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Scintigraphy
gamma emitters
99Mo → 99mTc + β⁻ + νe
99mTc → 99Tc + γ
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Gamma camera
principle of anger camera
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Collimator
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Scintillators
Organic crystals, Organic liquidsAnorganic crystals, Plastic
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Photomultiplier tube
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
SPECT camera
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
SPECT camera
Multiple angles
3-6 degrees
ca 15-20 sec per angle
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
SPECT camera
Pinhole SPECT
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET(Positron Emission Tomography)
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
β+-decay
Positron (e+)
Neutrino (ν)
Electron (e-)
Annihilation
p → n + e+ + e+ + e- → 2
Eγ = 511 keVAngle = 180°
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Coincidence Unit
Sorting Unit
ImageReconstruction
PET Image
Detectors
Decay
Millions of events are detected during few minutes of PET scan
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Detectors
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
X
y
X1
y13),( 11 yxI
PETProjections
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
r
)(rI
PETProjections
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PETProjections from different angels
r
),( rI
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
r
)(0 rP
r
0
PETProjections from different angels
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
r
45o
PETProjections from different angels
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
r
90o
PETProjections from different angels
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Projection sinogram
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Positron range
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Non-colinearity
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Arc correction
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Geometric sensitivity is inhomogeneous
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Crystal efficiency normalization
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Random and Scatter
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
PET
Scatter
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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015
Dr. Mohammad Dawood
Coincidence Unit
Sorting Unit
ImageReconstruction
Decay
Time of flight PET
