Mediaportal Report - University of Queenslandsci-s03.bacs.uq.edu.au/biol/biol-news/may12/Koala's hanging on.pdf · report. Mediaportal Report 15/04/2012 Koalas clinging on Sunday

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Mediaportal Report

15/04/2012

Koalas clinging onSunday Times, 15/04/12, General News, Page 16By: None

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OUR FADING EMBLEMCourier Mail, 14/04/12, Qweekend, Page 1By: Matthew Fynes-Clinton

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Koalas clinging onKOALA populations in Australia have crashed and manyexperts believe they will all but vanish within 50 years.

"There'll be small remnants hanging on," says CliveMcAlpine, University of Queensland ecologist andspokesman for the Koala Research Network. "But I thinkthey'll be sort of functionally extinct."

Hugh Possingham, director of the university's spatialecology lab, compares the koala with the panda. "There'llbe 1800 of them scattered around," he said. "We'll havecaptive breeding programs, they'll be in zoos, and it willcost $100 million a year to keep them chugging along."

Urbanisation, the loss of habitat and disease areconsidered the most significant threats.

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Courier Mail, Brisbane14 Apr 2012, by Matthew Fynes-Clinton

Qweekend, page 1 - 4,371.57 cm²Capital City Daily - circulation 194,949 (MTWTFS-)

ID 141697240 PAGE 1 of 11

on the

brinkThe relentless

march ofindustry andinfrastructure,coupled withdebilitating

disease,could see

Queensland'skoalas die out

Story Matthew Fynes-ClintonPhotography David Kelly

Advancing settlement inevitably disturbsthe balance of nature to the imminentdanger of the less adaptable creatures,and sufficient has been seen of the effectof settlement upon the notoriouslyunadaptable koala to make wise menpause and think seriously of what is tocome in the next decade ...

Wildlife magazine, Melbourne, May1941

It

is more than 70 years since those wordswere penned ... and how staggeringlywell they were ignored. I am standing ona tiny, treed reserve in Strathpine, part ofthe former Pine Rivers shire 25km northof Brisbane. The fringing Samsonvale

Road, 6km long and traffic-laden, is a majorconduit between Gympie Road to the east andthe suburbs of Warner and Joyner in the west.

Next to me, intrepid wildlife veterinarianJon Hanger holds a barred antenna overheadand, with his other hand, twitches the knobson the radio-wave receiver dangling by hiswaist. A set of pulsing beeps grows louder ashe steps towards a towering ironbark ... thensuddenly, he and his research assistant Jo

1.1 - I I. I 1.1

Loader leans in and helps direct my eye toa spot 18-20 metres above the ground. Finally,I zero in on the pale grey, furry lump wedgedin a vertical fork. The koala is a three-and-a-half-year-old female called Blaze. Her back isturned to us, and I contemplate her field ofview. The ironbark is against a tall timberfence, behind which lie rows of middle-classhomes. Tiled roofs and swimming pools andconcrete driveways and fluttering smalls onrotary hoists, for as far as Blaze can see.

Hanger explains she is one of dozens ofkoalas he and Loader have captured, health-checked, fitted with an electronic trackingcollar and placed back where they were found

a Brendak eucalypt forest, 2.5km away overthe past four years. The landowner hired thepair during the planning stages of a massiveresidential-light industrial development toassess, monitor and advise on reducing theimpacts to the local koala population.

Today, that 120ha site is a brown desert ofcleared earth and piled logs. Despite a segment

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ID 141697240 PAGE 2 of 11

of habitat being retained, Hanger hasn't seenBlaze back there since the excavators movedin. Her miniature woodland in the midst ofSamsonvale Rd suburbia has become one ofthe last ribbons of her 2-3km home range.

Cars and trucks are zooming by "So how didshe get here?" I ask Hanger. "Just wandering,"he replies, "on a hope and a prayer." He saysBlaze would have crossed Samsonvale Rdcountless times. "The fact that she's still alivesuggests to me that she probably does it in thewee hours of the morning. There's no doubt shecrosses many roads, has gone over fences andthrough back yards with dogs in them ... "

"A perilous journey," I mutter absently.Loader offers a courteous smile: "Yes. It is."

KOALA POPULATIONS HAVE CRASHED TO THE

extent that many experts believe the iconiccreatures will have all but vanished within 50years. "There'll be small remnants hangingon," says Clive McAlpine, a leading landscapeecologist from the University of Queenslandand spokesman for the pre-eminent KoalaResearch Network. "But I think they'll besort of functionally extinct."

If possible, an even bleaker picture is paintedby his colleague Hugh Possingham a decoratedmathematician-biologist and director of theuniversity's Spatial Ecology Lab. "It will endup," he forecasts, "with the koala being likethe panda. There'll be 1800 of them scatteredaround, we'll have captive breeding programs,they'll be in zoos, and it will cost us $100 milliona year to keep them chugging along."

How could this have happened? Andmoreover, does the approaching catastrophestand any hope of salvation? Not in the PineRivers district, fears Wanda Grabowski, who saysthe confirmed green light for a long-mootedrailway spur connecting Petrie in the north and

Kippa-Ring on the Redcliffe Peninsula couldfinish off one of the two key koala populationsleft in south-east Queensland. "The end," shesays, when asked what the $1.15 billion MoretonBay Rail Link might mean for the delicatelypoised colony. "There are already koalaextinctions occurring in [parts of] Pine Rivers.There are very few bits of habitat left."

Grabowski is secretary of Koala Action PineRivers, a 70-strong volunteer army that rescuesand cares for hurt and diseased koalas, lobbiesgovernment to stop the demolition of nativebushland, and takes koala education campaignsto schools, community groups and businesshouses. The 61-year-old livewire is also anenvironmental scientist, throwing intellectualweight behind her emotive 20-year fight againstpublic officials, private entrepreneurs andthe apathetic masses, each group she accusesof hastening the demise of what is, after all,Queensland's faunal emblem.

Pine Rivers (which in 2008 amalgamatedwith the Shire of Caboolture and City ofRedcliffe to form the Moreton Bay Region)exemplifies the nationwide, multi-prongedcrisis besetting koalas. The area, harbouring 16varieties of eucalypt trees including blue gum,tallowwood, ironbark, mahogany, brush box andblackbutt, once teemed with tens of thousandsof the animals but best estimates now place thepopulation at about 2000. Latest council surveysrecord a "substantial decrease in koala densities"across the fast-urbanising region from 2001 to2008, where the average decline in koalas perhectare was 45 per cent in residential-retailnodes and 15 per cent in enduring bushland.

The state government's more intensivemapping of south-east Queensland's other corevestige of koala habitat, the "Koala Coast" atthe southern gateway to Moreton Bay in RedlandCity shows the marsupial's numbers dropping

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from 6200 in 1996 to 4600 in 2006, thenplummeting to 2250 in 2008 a 64 percent collapse in little more than a decade.

The starting point of this exponentialdiminution has been the pressure to clear land tomeet Australia's chronic housing shortage. Koalassuffer crushing deaths when their trees arefelled and bundled by heavy machinery "It'sheartbreaking," says Hanger, 43, a top koala fieldinvestigator, former director of the Australia ZooWildlife Hospital and who in 1999 isolated andgenetically sequenced the debilitating koalaretrovirus. "They don't all get killed instantly.They get their limbs ripped off', they geteviscerated, they get their eyes popped out andtheir heads smashed. I know it's hard to imaginethat someone can push a tree over and notnotice a koala, but it's very easy to do."

Yet by no means do the majority suffer deathat the first cut; the consequences of urbanisationare far more insidious. As their natural habitatbreaks up, displaced koalas venture from onefragment to the next without cover and underperpetual threat. From January 1997 to May2011, a combined 4714 koalas struck bymotor vehicles were delivered to south-eastQueensland's three koala infirmaries the state-run Moggill Koala Hospital, Currumbin WildlifeSanctuary and Australia Zoo. Almost 3000 werepronounced dead on arrival. Another 849 wereimmediately euthanased.

The total number is almost as high as the 4839koalas brought to the hospitals (dead, dying Oradmitted for treatment) due to disease. Dogattacks are the third most common cause of koalaharm, with 1419 presentations across the 14 years.More than 1000 of these animals arrived dead, orwere so badly mauled they had to be put down.

WHEN IT COMES TO KOALAS, WANDA GRABOWSKI

knows no boundaries. In 1995, she lent hersupport to the uprising against a proposedmotorway into southern bayside koala territorythat ultimately contributed to electoral defeatfor Wayne Goss's state Labor government.

A former Strathpine resident, Grabowski'snew battle against the rail link will be pitchedfrom her recently acquired home in the

Sunshine Coast hinterland's Glass HouseMountains. The house is arrayed with framedphotographs of koalas that have passed throughher care. But even if the sick Or injured arenursed back to health and returned to the wild,only one in three will survive long-term.

A wall in the hallway is especially poignant: sixfurry faces peering out, eyes glistening like coppercoins bearing witness to almost every detrimentknown to koalas. "Bart," Grabowski says, pointingto the first picture, "was not out of care six weekswhen he was attacked and killed by dogs." Shemoves along the gallery "Meredith died ofretrovirus. Parker and Oscar had pneumonia.Samira had stomach cancer, as a consequenceof retrovirus. Burman was found dead threeweeks after being released, starved to death."

Grabowski tells how along Gympie Rd, nearPine Rivers State High School, she once sawa four-wheel-drive deliberately weave acrossthree lanes of traffic to hit a koala with a joeyon her back. Both were killed. In Whiteside, tothe north-west. a semi-rural householder stoodby as her two German shepherds killed sevenkoalas over four years. "I can remember koalanumber six," Grabowski says. "We got a callfrom a neighbour at 2am and went out to thisproperty with beautiful koala food trees in theback yard. The injured koala was lying on theground, crying, and I said, 'Could you pleaselet us on the property?' but the woman ownerwouldn't. It took the police about an hour-and-a-half to come. By that time, the koala had died."

Hanger would never underplay thetentacular reach of land clearing. He getsparticularly exercised over the credentials ofkoala spotters, supposed experts contracted bydevelopers Or their environmental consultantsto locate koalas in trees before they comedown. "The guys who drive the [clearing]machines come back and tell us stories aboutspotters just sitting in the car, reading," he says.

But koala disease appears to be rattling himeven more. "In good areas of koala habitatunder no alienation pressure from land clearingor development," Hanger says, "populations aredeclining. They're just as sick as other areas."

Hanger is alluding to chlamydia, which may

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ID 141697240 PAGE 5 of 11

They don't alldie instantly.

They gettheir limbsripped off,their eyes

popped outand headssmashed.

Tracking in the field ...Vet Jon Hanger

keeps tabs on Blazein Brisbane's north;

(below) activistWanda Grabowski.

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ID 141697240 PAGE 6 of 11

be cured via antibiotics in koala hospital patients,but in the wild progresses to blindness,infection of male and female reproductivetracts rendering the females sterile anda slow, excruciating death. The disease iscommonly sexually transmitted and evidentlyrampant. Hanger's clinical sampling informs hisconclusion that half the female koalas clingingon in south-east Queensland are infertile. Insome areas, Brendale for example, he says theproportion is 60 per cent. At these rates,populations are struggling to replace themselves.

Meantime, koala retrovirus (KoRV) ticks likea time bomb. Hanger believes the inheritedparent-to-offspring virus, linked to leukaemia,other cancers and an immunodeficiencysyndrome known as "koala AIDS", may proveas malevolent as the facial tumour disease inTasmanian devils. He suspects KoRV alsoadvances the effects of chlamydia in koalas withboth illnesses. "And based on thousands ofsamples, 100 per cent of koalas in Queenslandand NSW have KoRV," he says, adding: "It's notjust lying dormant, but circulating in their blood.They're producing virus. They're all viraemic,which is just unheard of, ridiculous,unprecedented, there's just no other species ... "

FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT MINISTER TONY BURKE

is expected by the end of this month to pronouncehis verdict on whether the koala will be listeda threatened species under the EnvironmentProtection and Biodiversity Conservation Act(EPBC). If the koala is assessed at a minimumas "vulnerable" the classification below"endangered" protective mechanisms willswing into play. In Queensland, the one thathas business sweating compels developmentproposals likely to have a "significant impact- onkoalas and their habitat to be approved by Burke.

And yet the current appraisal, which beganin 2010, follows reviews that rejected thekoala's listing in 1996 and 2006. This time, thegovernment's advisory body, the ThreatenedSpecies Scientific Committee, has alreadyrecommended "no" again, notifying Burkethat, despite a marked decline over three koalagenerations, the "body of data on koalapopulations is patchy, often sparse and notnationally comprehensive Or coordinated".

At last year's landmark Senate inquiry into thestatus, health and sustainability of koalas, anotherUniversity of Queensland scientist, Frank Carrick,shot back: "The commonwealth authorities havepersistently refused applications to providefunding for koala surveys and establishment oflong-term monitoring sites. They then use theabsence of detailed quantitative data as a reason

to refuse to recognise the clear evidence of thedecline in those populations we do have harddata for. Then they use that to justify failing tolist the koala under the EPBC Act, so thisrestricts access to survey and monitoring fundsand so it ever goes on. Move over, JosephHeller! This is the ultimate Catch-22."

Ironically, the koala has been listed underQueensland law as vulnerable in the south-eastbioregion since 2003. But Carrick's colleaguePossingham tells °weekend that the legislationinvolved, the Nature Conservation Act justlike a handful of other state statutes, plansand regulatory provisions later introduced topurportedly safeguard koalas has amounted tolittle. "The state threatened species legislation forkoalas is meaningless," he says. "It doesn't stopyou doing anything other than shooting them."

Prominent residential industry lobbyists,the Property Council of Australia and the UrbanDevelopment Institute of Australia (UDIA), arguenational listing will encourage a flood of objectionsto developments, potentially paralysingprojects during the process of commonwealthenvironmental scrutiny. Thousands of dollarswill add up in delays, holding fees, consultancycharges, and business uncertaintyy, They saythese overheads will be passed on toconsumers, reducing housing affordability.

"And all of that may not equal a better lifefor a single koala," says Caryn Kakas, executivedirector of the PCA's residential developmentcouncil. "[That's because] there hasn't beenone serious national scientific study, with astandardised methodology, to understand exactlywhere koala populations are, and what needs tobe protected. All we have is anecdotal evidence.

"It's a massive risk if you're looking atsouth-east Queensland as one of the largest andfastest-growing areas of Australia, and you'retalking about basically closing it for business."

In a written submission to the Senate inquiry,UDIA Queensland chief executive Brian Stewartspelled out the imperative of a triple bottom-lineapproach. "Without the combination andconsideration of the three elements of social,economic and environmental sustainability,"he said, "each element is not fully achievable."

But Possingham reckons koalas have themoney-spinning ground covered. As far back as15 years ago, an analysis by respected economistClive Hamilton estimated koalas generated$1.1 billion in annual tourism revenue. Morethan 300 of the 419 foreign tourists he surveyednominated the creature as the animal they mostwanted to see during their stay in Australia.

Possingham says the degree of underspendingon such a plank of tourism infrastructure is "insane":"If you're running a factory, you should put ten

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ID 141697240 PAGE 7 of 11

per cent of your profit back into the infrastrucrure.

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In Queensland, we don't even put $100 millioninto all of conservation, let alone koalas. Instead,they're facing death by a thousand cuts."

ON A VISIT TO THE AUSTRALIA ZOO WILDLIFEhospital intensive care unit, at Beerwah, justnorth of the Glass House Mountains, I get tosee close up what Possingham means. Thefirst patient introduced by senior veterinarianAmber Gillett is a six-year-old female koalacalled Camilla, who has awoken a long wayfrom home.

Airlifted from near Mackay, NorthQueensland, after straying into the path ofa car, she is recovering from brain swelling,a damaged eye and bleeding in her chest. Aswell, Gillett was forced to amputate one ofher digits. "She's hanging in there at themoment," the vet says. "Our thoughts are toget these animals back in the wild. But someinjuries mean that euthanasia is really the onlyoption, and the kindest option."

The next cubicle houses another road victim,Stuart, suffering an appalling neck traumainflicted at Toowoomba, on the lip of theGreat Dividing Range. Koalas are increasinglyimperilled west of the range, too, from droughtand climate change, and in central Queenslandfrom expansive mining operations.

"In the Mulga Lands [the sandy plains areaof south-west Queensland]," UQ professorClive McAlpine had earlier explained, "we dida survey in 2009, compared to 1996, and thekoala population had decreased by 80 per cent.It collapsed during the drought, and alsodue to land clearing. So we're talking 60,000koalas down to 12,000 in this area alone."

Gillett crouches next to Stuart (koalas arenamed by their initial human contacts, oftenrescuers or researchers). His neck has beenbroken in two places. He is sprawled on histummy with the foam-filled ends of a collaredsplint poking out from beneath head-to-shoulderbandages. His immobilised state means hemust be hand-fed leaves every two hours.

A veterinary spinal specialist was enlistedto help Gillett and her team put Stuart backtogether. Two vertebrae were fused, and thejoint capsules supporting them had screwsinserted. Again, Gillett is hopeful about hisprospects. "But he's very intensive," she says."A lot of work has gone into him."

She says the hospital has treated more than3500 sick and hurt koalas over the past fiveyears. The facility's $1.5 million-plus operatingbudget, however, is footed principally by the

zoo, assisted b)." private donors and a $50,000Sunshine Coast Regional Council annualendowment. The state and federal governments,while effectively sanctioning the built-environment hazards to koalas and otherwildlife, do not provide a cent.

"We have koalas that come in once, twice,three, four times over a period of years," Gillett,30, says. "They might have been attacked bya dog, then they've come back to the hospitalafter being hit by a car. Then they come in againwith disease. Unless disease and the impactsof urbanisation are controlled, there are onlyso many times you can patch up an animal."

Yet even the boffins seem to be in a pickleover numbers. The Australian KoalaFoundation claims the koala population priorto European settlement was up to 10 million.McAlpine, responding to a question fromAustralian Greens leader Bob Brown at theSenate inquiry, said: "There are probably nomore than between 50,000 and 100,000 [left].But we can not confidently say what thosefigures are."

McAlpine conveys to °weekend that afterattending a high-level koala conservationworkshop this year, he now believes the total is"probably several hundred thousand". just asthe property industry claims, multiple countingsystems have been employed by various bodies,with certain regions mapped, others passedover, and accuracy always in question.

Some methods work off native vegetationmaps to match potential koala abundance.Other estimates are construed on the groundin "straight line transects", where strips ofprimary koala habitat are searched, koalascounted and an extrapolation made for theentire site. Koalas are notoriously hard tospot high in trees and absolute counts areimpossible, except within the smallestlocalities. Their entire geographic range coversmore than one million square kilometres, andthe equation is further complicated by Victoriaand South Australia both reporting problemsof koala overabundance.

But Possingham says the focus on net sumsis a red herring. Across Queensland and NSW,where the best surveying has been executed,evidence suggests the koala population hasfallen by 33 per cent since 1990. "That's oneor two per cent a year," he says. "So whetheryou start at a million or 100,000 Or 10,000, youcan't keep going down at one or two per centa year forever. The trend is the critical issue."

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ID 141697240 PAGE 9 of 11

This hospitalhas treatedmore than

3500 koalasin the pastfive years.

1.11,..sawIng work ...Amber Glatt and kodiapotientsGdniIIa pit)and Fleatti (righi end

ow A=trdlia ZOO

'Midlife HcpdI

WANDA GRABOWSKI IS HOVERING OVER HER

coffee table, right arm tucked inside a blue slingand left hand smoothing a large photographicmap of the proposed Moreton Bay rail route.

A few weeks ago, she became a casualtyof her vocation. Koala rescuers and cap turersutilise tall metal poles crowned by flags orcloth, which are hoisted above the animals toencourage their scuttling down tree trunks tothe ground. The procedure can be protractedand require a deal of manoeuvring. "Wear andtear," she remarks, of her shoulder. "I've tornthe rotator cuff."

Moreton Bay Rail Link will encompass12.6km of dual track and six new train stations:Kallangur, Murrumba Downs, Mango Hill,Kinsellas Road, Rothwell and Kippa-Ring.The corridor was progressively purchased bythe state through to 1979 but was the subjectof perennial dithering until Prime MinisterJulia Gillard made it a 2010 election campaignsweetener, pledging $742 million to build therail line backed by then-premier Anna Blighwho promised $300 million in state funds withMoreton Bay Regional Council tipping in $105million. Campbell Newman's newly electedLNP Government gave a pre-poll commitmentto deliver the project on time, in 2016.

Grabowski says the alignment will spear intodense gum forest surrounding Petrie's AmcorPaper Mill, taking out trees and cleaving thehabitat in two. "There's more than 30 koalasin there," she says. "That area's become a sinkfor them and it will be totally chopped up.

"Here," she says, indicating another section

of the map. "Once that bit of bushlandgoes it's scheduled to be a parking lot forKallangur station where are the koalas goingto go? They can't go south, east or westbecause there's more railway corridor Or theBruce Highway. They're going to go north,straight through suburbia. There won't bea survivor out of that."

In 2006, the state government installedan offsets policy for the benefit of south-eastQueensland koalas. Community infrastructureactivities and private developers eradicatinghabitat must replant for a substantial net gain: fivenew koala habitat trees are to be grown at a nearbysite for every non-juvenile tree removed.

But the big snag with the scheme is lag time.The trees take at least ten years to mature, aninterminable wait in the 12-15 year lifespan ofa displaced healthy koala, and a sick joke when themajority of species is already under grave pressure.

In Queensland, translocation, Or relocatingkoalas into available habitat outside their range,is only allowed in exceptional circumstancesor for approved scientific research. Fears areheld equally over the adaptability of koalas tounfamiliar areas and the possible impacts ofa new population on those naturally resident.Grabowski and Hanger, though, are adamanttranslocation is effective and must be broadlyaccepted if koalas are to salvage a future.

On the Gold Coast, the roaring constructionof Coomera town centre and associatedurbanisation in the pristine eucalypt habitatof more than 500 koalas has so far led to thetrapping, radio-collaring and transfer of 82 of

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ID 141697240 PAGE 10 of 11

the colony to a council-owned conservationreserve at Lower Beechmont, 30km awayThe scale of the East Coomera developmentapprovals, long pre-dating the state's koalaplanning instruments, left the Gold Coast CityCouncil with little alternative but to apply fora translocation permit which was granted.

Ecologist John Callaghan, who is in chargeof the relocation project, admits to setbacks.Some of the introduced koalas have beentaken by wild dogs in their new surrounds."But we have females that have gone in andsurvived and bred," he says. "At this point,what I can say with reasonable confidence isthat if you move an animal in good health, andwhich is not particularly old, translocation doeswork. It can be done."

Malcolm Paterson, the state's Moreton BayRail Link spokesman, says translocation hasbeen ruled out as an option for the carriageway.

He says 30ha of koala habitat will be cleared,affecting at least 60 koalas, and 120-140ha ofland within a 10km radius has beenidentified as "potentially suitable" to meetoffset requirements. The corridor itself willbe fenced to stop wildlife stumbling ontothe track, and underpasses and other faunacrossing points will be incorporated.

Grabowski is not comforted, claiminghundreds of koalas are in the firing line. She saysone council-owned 3ha plot at Mango Hill (nearNorth Lakes) designated for offset planting ison arterial Anzac Avenue, a known koala killer."It's ridiculous," she exclaims. She says she'shad a "gutful" over the years of inaction, brokenpromises and "bloody bits of paper that donothing" masquerading as koala-protective policy

"Queensland's faunal emblem is becomingextinct as we speak," she says.

"And that's just devastating."

Ourthoughts

are toget theseanimalsback intothe wild.

- Amber Gillett

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ID 141697240 PAGE 11 of 11

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Mediaportal Report - University of Queenslandsci-s03.bacs.uq.edu.au/biol/biol-news/may12/Koala's hanging on.pdf · report. Mediaportal Report 15/04/2012 Koalas clinging on Sunday