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MED-MI-TD-US-0101_v3
Full Dataset Analysis
Awareness and Impact by Underlying Psychiatric Diagnosis Analysis
Correlation between Patient, Caregiver and Clinician Reported Assessments Analysis
Caregiver Burden Analysis
2
3
Prospective screening study that included 37 outpatient psychiatry practices across the US
Key eligibility criteria:
– ≥18 y.o. with ≥3 months of cumulative lifetime exposure to ≥1 antipsychotic medication(s)
– Clinician confirmed psychiatric disorder meeting DSM-5 criteria
2-tiered prevalence estimate of possible tardive dyskinesia (TD)
– Step 1: visual observation by staff member for involuntary movements (i.e. possible TD) in any of 4 main body regions (head/face, neck/trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs)
– Step 2: clinician assessment & confirmation whether movements can be considered possible TD; clinician assigns patients into two different cohorts
Cohort 1: outpatients without visible signs of involuntary movement or with movements not deemed consistent with TD
Cohort 2: outpatients with visible signs of involuntary movement (i.e. clinician-confirmed possible TD)
– Followed for 12 months
Simplified clinician assessment was developed to identify the presence, location, and severity of involuntary movements and confirm possible TD for cohort assignment
Included EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) completed by patients –health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measurements
4
Tanner CM et al. AAN 2018; Los Angeles, CA
5Tanner CM et al. AAN 2018; Los Angeles, CA
739 patients were clinically evaluated
– 535 (72.4%) in cohort 1: patients without visible signs of uncontrollable or involuntary body movements or with movements not deemed consistent with TD
(“Per your observation, does the subject currently experience uncontrollable or involuntary movements anywhere on their head/body?”) or movements not consistent with TD (“Do you [the clinician] feel the movements are consistent with TD?”)
– 204 (27.6%) in cohort 2: patients with visible signs of uncontrollable or involuntary body movements; confirmed as possible TD during clinician assessment
6Tanner CM et al. AAN 2018; Los Angeles, CA
7Tanner CM et al. AAN 2018; Los Angeles, CA
Cohort 1
(n=535)
Cohort 2
(n=204)Female, n (%) 309 (57.8) 104 (51.0)
Age, mean (SD), years 47.6 (14.6) 54.6 (13.6)
Race, n (%)a
White 385 (72.1) 149 (73.0)
Black 89 (16.7) 36 (17.6)
Otherb 63 (11.8) 19 (9.3)
Marital Status, n (%)
Single 253 (47.4) 98 (48.0)
Married 152 (28.5) 43 (21.1)
Divorced 86 (16.1) 46 (22.5)
Otherc 43 (8.0) 18 (18.8)
Current Living/Domestic Situation, n (%)
Living alone 120 (22.4) 57 (27.9)
Living with a partner or spouse, family, friends 351 (65.6) 105 (51.5)
Otherd 63 (11.8) 41 (20.1)
Employment Status, n (%)a
Employed, full-time 85 (15.9) 14 (6.9)
Employed, part-time 61 (11.4) 25 (12.3)
Homemaker 16 (3.0) 3 (1.5)
Student 22 (4.1) 1 (0.5)
Unemployed 85 (15.9) 19 (9.3)
Retired 48 (9.0) 32 (15.7)
Disabled 225 (42.1) 111 (54.4)
Other 8 (1.5) 3 (1.5)
Some missing data were observed (7 patients for race; 2 patients for living situation and employment status; 1 patient for gender and marital status).aNot mutually exclusive. bIncludes Asian, Indian/Alaska Native, or other. cincludes widowed, separated, or other (not specified). dIncludes living with children,
parents, assisted living, group home, with caregiver or other non-family member
8Tanner CM et al. AAN 2018; Los Angeles, CA
Cohort 1
(n=535)
Cohort 2
(n=204)
Disorder, n (%)1
Schizophrenia 102 (19.1) 71 (34.8)
Anxiety disorder 133 (24.9) 55 (27.0)
Bipolar disorder 176 (32.9) 53 (26.0)
Schizoaffective disorder 72 (13.5) 43 (21.1)
Major depressive disorder 188 (35.1) 40 (19.6)
Other disordersb 101 (18.9) 17 (8.3)
Lifetime exposure to antipsychotic medication, mean (SD),
yearsc 7.8 (8.6) 15.0 (13.9)
Average overall health status, mean (SD)d 4.4 (3.0) 4.7 (2.8)
aPatients may appear in more than one category. bOther disorders includes patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, adjustment disorder, personality
disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorder, or unspecified mood. cCohort 1, n=531; cohort 2, n=203. dAverage overall health
status was self-reported; 0=no health problems to 10=health as bad as you can imagine.; cohort 1, n=505; cohort 2, n=190. SD, standard deviation
The most common antipsychotic-treated disorders were bipolar and major depressive disorders in cohort 1 and schizophrenia, anxiety and bipolar disorders in cohort 2
Anxiety disorder was a frequent comorbidity in both cohorts
9Tanner CM et al. AAN 2018; Los Angeles, CA
In cohort 2 (n=204), all body regions except for trunk were affected (“some” or “a lot”) by uncontrollable/involuntary movements based on simplified clinician assessment
– 47.1% of patients in cohort 2 were impacted in 1 body region and 52.9% were impacted in 2 or more regions
– The maximum severity across the 4 body regions was 1 (“some”) in 66.7% of patients and 2 (“a lot”) in 33.3%
Some missing data were observed (1 patient for head, upper, and lower extremities; 3 patients for trunk)
Head/face: facial muscles, lips, tongue, or jaw
• None: 33.8%
• Some: 45.6%
• A lot: 20.1%
Neck/truck: neck, shoulders, chest, or hips
• None: 77.9%
• Some: 16.2%
• A lot: 4.4%
Upper extremities: arms, hands, or fingers
• None: 40.7%
• Some: 48.5%
• A lot: 10.3%
Lower extremities: legs, feet, or toes
• None: 57.4%
• Some: 34.3%
• A lot: 7.8%
10Caroff S et al. AMCP Annual Meeting 2018; Boston, MA
In cohort 2, >30% of patients reported that uncontrollable movements had “some” or “a lot” of impact on their usual activities (32.3%), talking (30.4%), productivity (36.2%), or socializing (36.3%)
Some missing data were observed (7 patients for talking; 6 patients for all other listed activities)
23.0 21.619.1
7.4
28.4
20.626.0
9.3 8.8 8.3
1.5
7.8 5.910.3
64.7 66.269.6
88.2
60.8
70.6
60.8
0
20
40
60
80
UsualActivities
Talking Eating Breathing Productivity Self-Care Socializing
Some A Lot None
Co
ho
rt 2
Resp
on
den
ts, %
Level of Impact
Usual Activities Talking Eating Breathing Productivity Self-Care Socializing
11Tanner CM et al. AAN 2018; Los Angeles, CA
EQ-5D-5L is an HRQoL questionnaire that consist of five dimensions (completed by the patients)
– 1 = no problem; 5 = extreme/unable to function
No statistical hypothesis testing was performed. The sample size for this study is not powered for statistical comparisons, as the objectives are primarily descriptive in nature. All analyses are descriptive and based on observed outcomes.
Table includes patients with self-reported rating of 2 to 5 (2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=unable to perform)
A higher percentage of cohort 2 patients (vs. cohort 1) (score ≥2 [“slight problems”] to 5 [“unable to perform”]) reported problems in all EQ-5D-5L domains
Domain, n/N (%)a Cohort 1 Cohort 2
Mobility: walking about 174/530 (32.8) 84/201 (41.8)
Self-care: washing or dressing self 111/531 (20.9) 66/203 (32.5)
Usual activities: work, study,
housework, family or leisure
activities
249/532 (46.8) 103/203 (51.0)
Pain/discomfort 299/529 (56.5) 129/202 (63.9)
Anxiety/depression 385/531 (72.5) 155/202 (76.7)
n, number of patients who met criteria; N, number of patients with available data
SDS is a brief, patient rated, measure of disability and impairment in three inter-related domains; work/school, social and family life
The patient rates the extent to which work/school, social life, and home life or family responsibilities are impaired by his or her symptoms on a 10 point visual analog scale
No statistical hypothesis testing was performed. The sample size for this study is not powered for statistical comparisons, as the objectives are primarily descriptive in nature. All analyses are descriptive and based on observed outcomes.
12Rush JA, et al. Handbook of Psychiatric Measures, 2000 American Psychiatric Association;113-115.
13Caroff S et al. APA 2018; New York, NY
Per SDS results, a higher proportion of cohort 2 vs. cohort 1 reported “moderate” or “marked/extreme” disruption in work/school (46.9% vs. 52.2%) and social life domains (46.7% vs. 52.8%)
Cohort 1 Cohort 2
Work/School, n (%) N=363 N=111
None 111 (20.7%) 25 (12.3%)
Mild 82 (15.3%) 28 (13.7%)
Moderate 79 (14.8%) 25 (12.3%)
Marked 55 (10.3%) 22 (10.8%)
Extreme 36 (6.7%) 11 (5.4%)
Social Life N=531 N=203
None 146 (27.3%) 57 (27.9%)
Mild 137 (25.6%) 39 (19.1%)
Moderate 113 (21.1%) 56 (27.5%)
Marked 96 (17.9%) 32 (15.7%)
Extreme 39 (7.3%) 19 (9.3%)
Family Life/Family Responsibilities N=530 N=203
None 154 (28.8%) 57 (27.9%)
Mild 119 (22.2%) 50 (24.5%)
Moderate 136 (25.4%) 49 (24.0%)
Marked 85 (15.9%) 35 (17.2%)
Extreme 36 (6.7%) 12 (5.9%)
14
15Caroff SN et al. AMCP Nexus 2018; Orlando, FL
Consent formNOT signed:no further
action
Site staff (pre-appointment)• Reviews charts to identify potentially eligible patients • Calls patient to confirm usual-care visit
Site staff (at intake)• Screens for eligibility (N=1148)• Provides information about study and reviews informed consent• Enrolls eligible and consenting patients into the study (N=739)
Clinician (during assessment)• Observes patient for uncontrollable or involuntary movements • Determines whether movements are consistent with possible TD
• EQ-5D-5L and SDS (completed by patient)• Patient questionnaire (administered by clinician)
• Clinician questionnaire (completed by clinician)• 12-month retrospective chart review
Baseline Assessments
Patients with schizophrenia/ schizoaffective disorder
(n=111)
Cohort 2 (N=204)• Patients with visible movements and possible TD per clinician
assessmentCohort 1 (N=535)• 508 patients without visible movements• 27 patients with visible movements that were NOT consistent with
possible TDPatients with mood/other
psychiatric disorders (n=93)
16Caroff SN et al. AMCP Nexus 2018; Orlando, FL
CharacteristicSchizophrenia/Schizoaffective
Disorder (n=111)Mood/Other Psychatric
Disorder (n=93) P-Valuea
Gender, n (%) <0.0001
Male 69 (62.2) 31 (33.3)
Female 42 (37.8) 62 (66.7)
Age, mean (SD), years 52.7 (12.4) 56.9 (14.7) 0.0263
Race, n (%)b
Caucasian 69 (62.2) 80 (86.0) 0.0001
African-American 29 (26.1) 7 (7.5) 0.0005
Asian 6 (5.4) 2 (2.2) 0.2329
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 1 (0.9) 0 0.3588
Indian/Alaska Native 2 (1.8) 0 0.1933
Other 6 (5.4) 3 (3.2) 0.4502
Missing 1 (0.9) 1 (1.1) --
Marital status, n (%) 0.0271
Single 65 (58.6) 32 (34.4)
Married 19 (17.1) 24 (25.8)
Divorced 19 (17.1) 27 (29.0)
Widowed 3 (2.7) 3 (3.2)
Separated 5 (4.5) 7 (7.5)
Current living/domestic situation, n (%) 0.0521
Living alone 30 (27.0) 27 (29.0)
Living with partner, spouse, family, or friends 51 (45.9) 54 (58.1)
Otherb 29 (26.1) 12 (12.9)
Missing 1 (0.9) 0aP-values are for the category if responses were mutually exclusive. For questions or items that allowed >1 response, P-values are provided for each response. bIncludes living with caregiver or other non-family member, assisted living, or group home. cBased on available data: schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, n=105; mood/other psychiatric disorders, n=85. dPer clinician impression. ePer patient report: 0=no health problems to 10=health as bad as you can imagine.SD, standard deviation.
17Caroff SN et al. AMCP Nexus 2018; Orlando, FL
CharacteristicSchizophrenia/Schizoaffective Disorder
(n=111)Mood/Other Psychatric
Disorder (n=93) P-Valuea
Employment status, n (%)b
Employed, full-time 1 (0.9) 13 (14.0) 0.0002
Employed, part-time 12 (10.8) 13 (14.0) 0.4920
Homemaker 1 (0.9) 2 (2.2) 0.4602
Student 1 (0.9) 0 0.3588
Unemployed 16 (14.4) 3 (3.2) 0.0062
Retired 12 (10.8) 20 (21.5) 0.0364
Disabled 69 (62.2) 42 (45.2) 0.0152
Other 1 (0.9) 2 (2.2) 0.4602
Missing 1 (0.9) 0 --
Lifetime exposure to antipsychotic medication, mean (SD), yearsc 19.5 (14.7) 9.5 (10.6) <0.0001
Severity of psychiatric condition, n (%)d 0.0336
Normal 0 7 (7.5)
Minimal 19 (17.1) 8 (8.6)
Mild 36 (32.4) 32 (34.4)
Moderate 36 (32.4) 31 (33.3)
Marked 16 (14.4) 10 (10.8)
Severe 4 (3.6) 5 (5.4)
Among the most severe 0 0
Average overall health status, mean (SD)e 4.5 (2.9) 5.1 (2.7) 0.1194
Number of psychotropic medications (antipsychotics + others), n (%) 0.0093
None 3 (2.7) 2 (2.2)
One 20 (18.0) 4 (4.3)
Two or more 88 (79.3) 87 (93.5)
Antipsychotic type (last 12 months), n (%)
Atypical 92 (82.9) 77 (82.8) 0.9869
Typical 23 (20.7) 4 (4.3) 0.0006
Both 105 (94.6) 81 (87.1) 0.0600aP-values are for the category if responses were mutually exclusive. For questions or items that allowed >1 response, P-values are provided for each response. bIncludes living with caregiver or other non-family member, assisted living, or group home. cBased on available data: schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, n=105; mood/other psychiatric disorders, n=85. dPer clinician impression. ePer patient report: 0=no health problems to 10=health as bad as you can imagine.SD, standard deviation.
18Caroff SN et al. AMCP Nexus 2018; Orlando, FL
Schizophrenia/
Schizoaffective Disorder
Mood/Other Psychiatric
Disorder
Clinician
reported (%)
Patient
reported (%)
Clinician
reported (%)
Patient
reported (%)
Head/face: facial
muscles, lips,
tongue, or jaw
N 110 58 93 53
None 30.0 27.6 38.7 34.0
Some 49.1 51.7 41.9 34.0
A lot 20.9 20.7 19.4 32.1
Neck/trunk: neck,
shoulders, chest,
or hips
N 109 58 92 53
None 72.5 67.2 87.0 84.9
Some 22.0 24.1 9.8 9.4
A lot 5.5 8.6 3.3 5.7
Upper extremities:
arms, hands, or
fingers
N 111 58 92 53
None 41.4 36.2 40.2 35.8
Some 48.6 41.4 48.9 45.3
A lot 9.9 22.4 10.9 18.9
Lower extremities:
legs, feet, or toes
N 110 58 93 54
None 56.4 55.2 59.1 55.6
Some 35.5 32.8 33.3 29.6
A lot 8.2 12.1 7.5 14.8
Maximum severity
score across all
body regions
N 111 58 93 54
None 0 0 0 0
Some 67.6 56.9 65.6 48.1
A lot 32.4 43.1 34.4 51.9
Total number of
body regions
impacted
N 111 58 93 54
One 43.2 32.8 51.6 40.7
Two 28.8 34.5 28.0 37.0
Three 14.4 19.0 15.1 16.7
Four 13.5 13.8 5.4 5.6
N, number of available assessments;
TD, tardive dyskinesia.
19Caroff SN et al. AMCP Nexus 2018; Orlando, FL
Based on available assessments: schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, n=107; mood/other psychiatric disorders, n=91TD, tardive dyskinesia*Other (schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, n=42; mood/other psychiatric disorders, n=41 ) Free Text Responses: trouble walking up steps; driving; bathingQuestion: “Over the past 4 weeks, how much did your visible, uncontrollable movements impact your ability to..?”Domains: Continue your usual activities (like going to the grocery store or doctor’s appointment, doing household chores, etc.); Be productive (like going to work or school, or completing your work, etc.); Take care of yourself (like bathing, getting dressed, etc.); Socialize (like going out with friends or family for dinner, to the movies, going shopping, etc.)
32.7 33.6
23.4
8.4
33.6
24.3
33.6
4.8
34.1
28.9
34.1
9.9
41.8
30.8
41.8
2.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
UsualActivities
Talking Eating Breathing Productivity Self-Care Socializing Other
Schizophrenia/Schizoaffective Disorder
Mood/Other Psychiatric Disorder
Co
ho
rt 2
Pa
tie
nts
, %
Continue
Usual
Activities
Talk Eat Breathe Be
Productive
Take Care
of Self
Socialize Others*
No significant differences between mood/other psychiatric disorder and schizophrenia-schizoaffective disorder subgroups were found for SDS mean scores at baseline
– Self-reported impact of possible TD was generally worse (as indicated by higher scores) in patients with mood/other psychiatric disorders vs schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder:
Total score (12.8 vs 10.8 [range, 0–30])
Work/school (4.1 vs 4.2 [range, 0–10])
Social life (4.3 vs 3.7 [range, 0–10])
Family life/home responsibilities (4.1 vs 3.5 [range, 0–10])
20Caroff SN et al. AMCP Nexus 2018; Orlando, FL
No significant differences between mood/other psychiatric disorder and schizophrenia-schizoaffective disorder subgroups were found for the following:
– The EQ-5D-5L utility score* (0.68 vs 0.74 [range 0–1.00, higher scores indicate better health]) or
– The EQ-5D-5L health state visual analog scale (64.8 vs 68.5 [range 0, worst health you can imagine – 100, best health you can imagine, higher scores indicate better health])
21Caroff SN et al. AMCP Nexus 2018; Orlando, FL
*A weighting algorithm is used to derive health-state utility scores (also referred to as EQ-5D-5L index value), which ranges from 0–1, from the five response categories. The health states map to the utility scale of 1 = best possible health and 0 = dead.
22
23Caroff SN et al. Psych Congress 2018; Orlando, FL
Baseline Assessments• EQ-5D-5L and SDS (completed by patient)
• Patient questionnaire (administered by clinician)
• Clinician questionnaire (completed by clinician)
• 12-month retrospective chart review
Consent form
NOT signed:
no further action
Site staff (pre-appointment)• Reviews charts to identify potentially eligible
patients
• Calls patient to confirm usual-care visit
Clinician (during assessment)• Observes patient for uncontrollable or involuntary
movements
• Determines whether movements are consistent
with possible TD
Cohort 1 (N=535)• 508 patients without visible movements
• 27 patients with visible movements that were
NOT consistent with possible TD
Cohort 2 Caregivers (N=41)• Qualified and consenting caregivers are enrolled
• Caregivers who noticed their patient’s visible,
uncontrollable movements (N=36)
Cohort 2 (N=204)• Patients with visible movements and
possible TD per clinician assessment
Site staff (at intake)• Screens for eligibility (N=1148)
• Provides information about study and reviews
informed consent
• Enrolls eligible and consenting patients into
the study (N=739)
Spearman’s correlations (ρ) were conducted for the following outcomes:
– Patient’s overall health status (patient/caregiver)
– Time spent by patient managing health conditions (patient/caregiver)
– Location and severity of possible TD movements (patient/clinician, caregiver/clinician)
– Total number of patient’s body regions impacted by possible TD (patient/clinician, caregiver/clinician)
– Maximum rating of possible TD severity in any body region (patient/clinician, caregiver/clinician)
24Caroff SN et al. Psych Congress 2018; Orlando, FL
25Caroff SN et al. Psych Congress 2018; Orlando, FL
Cohort 2 Patients
(N=204)
Cohort 2 Caregiversa
(N=41)
Female, n (%) 104 (51.0) N/A
Age, mean (SD), years 54.6 (13.6) N/A
Race, n (%)b
Caucasian 149 (73.0) 27 (65.9)
African American 36 (17.6) 7 (17.1)
Otherc 20 (9.8) 7 (17.1)
Missing 2 (1.0) 0
Marital status, n (%)b
Single 98 (48.0) 5 (12.2)
Married 43 (21.1) 28 (68.3)
Divorced 46 (22.5) 6 (14.6)
Otherd 18 (8.8) 2 (4.9)
Current living/domestic situation, n (%)
Living alone 57 (27.9) 3 (7.3)
Living with a partner, spouse, family, or friends 105 (51.5) 35 (85.4)
Other 41 (20.1)e 3 (7.3)
Missing 1 (0.5) 0
Employment status, n (%)b
Employed, full-time 14 (6.9) 16 (39.0)
Employed, part-time 25 (12.3) 4 (9.8)
Unemployed 19 (9.3) 4 (9.8)
Retired 32 (15.7) 11 (26.8)
Disabled 111 (54.4) 5 (12.2)
Otherf 7 (3.4) 1 (2.4)
Missing 1 (0.5) 0
Patient’s overall health status, mean (SD)g 4.7 (2.8) 5.3 (2.4)aCaregivers of patients with clinician-confirmed possible TD; bNot mutually exclusive; cIncludes Asian, Indian/Alaska Native, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, or other (unspecified); dIncludes widowed, separated, or
other (not specified); eIncludes living with caregiver or other non-family member, assisted living, or group home; fIncludes homemaker, student, and other (unspecified); gScores range from 0=no health
problems to 10=health as bad as you can imagine (available responses: patients, n=203; caregivers, n=41)
N/A, not available; SD, standard deviation
26Caroff SN et al. Psych Congress 2018; Orlando, FL
The most common psychiatric diagnosis in Cohort 2 was schizophrenia (36.8%), followed by anxiety disorders (27.0%), bipolar disorder (26.5%), and schizoaffective disorder (21.1%)
Based on patient report and caregiver perception, >50% of Cohort 2 patients spent the most time managing mental health conditions
– Significant patient/caregiver correlations were found for serious, long-term diseases or disorders (P<0.001) and movement disorders, including uncontrollable body movements (P<0.01)
Category, n (%)respondents could select all that apply
Patient Reported Caregiver PerceptionSpearman’s
Correlation, ρ
Mental health 112 (54.9) 32 (78.0) 0.07
Movement disorder, including uncontrollable body
movements36 (17.6) 16 (39.0) 0.43**
Pain management 36 (17.6) 14 (34.1) 0.22
Physical activity and nutrition 39 (19.1) 11 (26.8) 0.26
Serious, long-term disease or disorder 30 (14.7) 6 (14.6) 0.67***
Mild or short-term health conditions 14 (6.9) 3 (7.3) 0.22
Other 10 (4.9) 8 (19.5) -0.08
None 24 (11.8) 0 ---
**P<0.01 and ***P<0.001
27Caroff SN et al. Psych Congress 2018; Orlando, FL
Head/face: facial muscles, lips,
tongue, or jaw (N=31)
• None: 29.0%
• Some: 41.9%
• A lot: 29.0%
Neck/trunk: neck, shoulders,
chest, or hips (N=30)
• None: 70.0%
• Some: 16.7%
• A lot: 13.3%
Upper extremities: arms,
hands, or fingers (N=34)
• None: 32.4%
• Some: 47.1%
• A lot: 20.6%
Lower extremities: legs,
feet, or toes (N=34)
• None: 32.4%
• Some: 50.0%
• A lot: 17.6%
Caregiver Reported
Maximum rating in any
body region (N=36)
• None: 0%
• Some: 50.0%
• A lot: 50.0%
Total number of body
regions (N=36)
• One: 27.8%
• Two: 44.4%
• Three: 13.9%
• Four: 13.9%
Head/face: facial muscles, lips,
tongue, or jaw (N=203)
• None: 34.0%
• Some: 45.8%
• A lot: 20.2%
Neck/trunk: neck, shoulders,
chest, or hips (N=201)
• None: 79.1%
• Some: 16.4%
• A lot: 4.5%
Upper extremities: arms,
hands, or fingers (N=203)
• None: 40.9%
• Some: 48.8%
• A lot: 10.3%
Lower extremities: legs,
feet, or toes (N=203)
• None: 57.6%
• Some: 34.5%
• A lot: 7.9%
Clinician Reported
Maximum rating in any
body region (N=204)
• None: 0%
• Some: 66.7%
• A lot: 33.3%
Total number of body
regions (N=204)
• One: 47.1%
• Two: 28.4%
• Three: 14.7%
• Four: 9.8%
Head/face: facial muscles, lips,
tongue, or jaw (N=111)
• None: 30.6%
• Some: 43.2%
• A lot: 26.1%
Neck/trunk: neck, shoulders,
chest, or hips (N=111)
• None: 75.7%
• Some: 17.1%
• A lot: 7.2%
Upper extremities: arms,
hands, or fingers (N=111)
• None: 36.0%
• Some: 43.2%
• A lot: 20.7%
Lower extremities: legs,
feet, or toes (N=112)
• None: 55.4%
• Some: 31.3%
• A lot: 13.4%
Patient Reported
Maximum rating in any
body region (N=112)
• None: 0%
• Some: 52.7%
• A lot: 47.3%
Total number of body
regions (N=112)
• One: 36.6%
• Two: 35.7%
• Three: 17.9%
• Four: 9.8%
N, number of available assessments.
28Caroff SN et al. Psych Congress 2018; Orlando, FL
Patient/clinician correlations were significant for severity of involuntary movements by body region and for maximum severity score across all 4 regions.
Patients’ vs Clinicians’ Evaluation
Caregivers’ vs Clinicians’ Evaluation
Head/face 0.76*** 0.65***
Neck/trunk 0.61*** 0.43*
Upper extremities 0.75*** 0.57***
Lower extremities 0.75*** 0.49**
Total number of impacted body regions 0.24*** 0.46**
Maximum rating in any body region 0.50*** 0.24
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001
TD, tardive dyskinesia
29
30Cutler A et al. APA 2018; New York, NY
aCaregivers of patients with clinician-confirmed possible TDbIncludes widowed or other (not specified)
Of 204 cohort 2 patients, 41 had a caregiver who consented to enrollmentCohort 2 Caregiversa
(N=41)
Race, n (%)
White 27 (65.9)
Black 7 (17.1)
Asian 7 (17.1)
Marital status, n (%)
Single 5 (12.2)
Married 28 (68.3)
Divorced 6 (14.6)
Otherb 2 (4.9)
Current living/domestic situation, n (%)
Living alone 3 (7.3)
Living with a partner, spouse, family, or friends 35 (85.4)
Other 3 (7.3)
Employment status, n (%)
Employed, full-time 16 (39.0)
Employed, part-time 4 (9.8)
Unemployed 4 (9.8)
Retired 11 (26.8)
Disabled 5 (12.2)
Other 1 (2.4)
Relationship to patient, n (%)
Family member 29 (70.7)
Friend 4 (9.8)
Someone the patient lives with 1 (2.4)
Other 7 (17.1)
14.6
78.0
26.834.1
39.0
7.3
19.5
0
19.5
68.3
39.0
24.429.3
9.8 9.8
00
20
40
60
80
100
Serious,Long-TermDisease orDisorder
Mental Health PhysicalActivity and
Nutrition
PainManagement
MovementDisorder
Mild or Short-Term HealthConditions
Other None
31Cutler A et al. APA 2018; New York, NY
Based on caregivers’ assessment, a majority of cohort 2 caregivers and patients spent the most time managing the patient’s mental health or a movement disorder
Based on caregiver ratings (range, 0=no problem/impact to 10=as bad as you can imagine), mean (SD) scores were 5.3 (2.4; n=41) for the patient’s overall health status and 5.2 (3.3; n=41) for the impact of patient’s health on caregiver’s life
aConditions are not mutually exclusivebPer caregiver responses, health condition(s) the Cohort 2 patient spent the most time managingcPer caregiver responses, health condition(s) the Cohort 2 caregiver spent the most time assisting
Participant Spent the Most Time Managing (Caregivers’ Assessment)b
Caregiver Spent the Most Time Assistingc
Ca
reg
ive
r R
es
po
nd
en
ts, %
32Cutler A et al. APA 2018; New York, NY
Of the 41 enrolled caregivers, 36 (87.8%) noticed uncontrollable movements in their patient
– Affected regions included head/face, neck/trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities
– 26 (72.2%) of the 36 caregivers reported that their patient experienced involuntary movements in ≥2 body regions
aAny visible uncontrollable movements as reported by the caregiver (n=36)
Some missing caregiver data were observed (5 for head; 2 for upper and lower extremities; 6 for trunk)
Head/face: facial muscles, lips, tongue, or jaw
• None: 25.0%
• Some: 36.1%
• A lot: 25.0%
Neck/truck: neck, shoulders, chest, or hips
• None: 58.3%
• Some: 13.9%
• A lot: 11.1%
Upper extremities: arms, hands, or fingers
• None: 30.6%
• Some: 44.4%
• A lot: 19.4%
Lower extremities: legs, feet, or toes
• None: 30.6%
• Some: 47.2%
• A lot: 16.7%
33Cutler A et al. APA 2018; New York, NY
36.1
41.738.9
44.4
25.0
33.3
44.4
38.9
13.916.7
11.1 11.1
5.6 5.6
22.2
16.7
44.4
36.1
47.2
41.7
69.4
61.1
33.3
44.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Some A Lot None
Some missing caregiver data were observed (1 for self-care and socializing; 2 for usual activities and productivity)aBased on caregivers’ ratings (“none”, “some”, “a lot”) of how patient’s uncontrollable movements affected their own daily act ivities,
emotional distress, and overall impact on life
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
Care
giv
ers
Level of Impacta
Impacts
Usual
Activities
Impacts
Productivity
Impacts
Self-Care
Impacts
Socializing
Level of
Embarrassment
Level of
Frustration
or Anger
Time Spent
Managing
Patient’s
Movements
Overall
Impact on
Caregiver’s
Life
Based on caregivers’ assessments, cohort 2 patients’ uncontrollable movements had social, emotional and functional impacts on their caregivers’ lives