MECHANIZING TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MECHANIZING TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRYEQUIPMENT FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRY

Sofia 15-16 June 2011Sofia 15-16 June 2011

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH-DEVELOPMENT FOR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH-DEVELOPMENT FOR MACHINES AND INSTALLATIONS DESIGNED TO MACHINES AND INSTALLATIONS DESIGNED TO

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRYAGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRY

The National Institute of Research - Development for Machines and Installations The National Institute of Research - Development for Machines and Installations Designed to  Agriculture and Food Industry - INMA Bucharest has the oldest and the most Designed to  Agriculture and Food Industry - INMA Bucharest has the oldest and the most prestigious researching activity in the domain of agricultural machinery and mechanization prestigious researching activity in the domain of agricultural machinery and mechanization technologies in Romaniatechnologies in Romania

· In 1927 it was set up the first “Research Centre for Agricultural Machines” within “The · In 1927 it was set up the first “Research Centre for Agricultural Machines” within “The Agronomical Research Institute of Romania—ICAR” (setting up low published in Official Year Agronomical Research Institute of Romania—ICAR” (setting up low published in Official Year BooK, No. 97/05.05.1927).BooK, No. 97/05.05.1927).

· In 1930 it was set up “The Station for Testing Agricultural Tools and Machines” by · In 1930 it was set up “The Station for Testing Agricultural Tools and Machines” by transforming “The Research Centre for Agricultural Machines” within ICAR - which has settled the transforming “The Research Centre for Agricultural Machines” within ICAR - which has settled the scientific bases regarding the methodologies and experimental technique in the field (Decision scientific bases regarding the methodologies and experimental technique in the field (Decision No. 2000/1930 of ICAR Manager “Gh. Ionescu Sisesti).No. 2000/1930 of ICAR Manager “Gh. Ionescu Sisesti).

· In 1952 it was set up “The Research Institute for Agriculture Mechanization and · In 1952 it was set up “The Research Institute for Agriculture Mechanization and Electrification - ICMA Bãneasa by transforming The Station for Testing Agricultural Tools and Electrification - ICMA Bãneasa by transforming The Station for Testing Agricultural Tools and Machines.Machines.

· In 1960 it was set up “The Enterprise for Design and Production of Prototypes for · In 1960 it was set up “The Enterprise for Design and Production of Prototypes for Agricultural Machines, Implements and Installations - INMA Otopeni.Agricultural Machines, Implements and Installations - INMA Otopeni.

· In 1979 it was set up “The Institute of Scientific Research and Technological · In 1979 it was set up “The Institute of Scientific Research and Technological Engineering for Agricultural Machines and Implements - ICSITMUA - under the subordination of Engineering for Agricultural Machines and Implements - ICSITMUA - under the subordination of The Ministry of Machine Building Industry (MICM) by unifying ICMA under the subordination of the The Ministry of Machine Building Industry (MICM) by unifying ICMA under the subordination of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food with ICPMA under the subordination of MICM.Ministry of Agriculture and Food with ICPMA under the subordination of MICM.

· In 1996 it was set up The National Institute of Research and Development for Machines · In 1996 it was set up The National Institute of Research and Development for Machines and Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food Industry - INMA Bucharest complying with the and Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food Industry - INMA Bucharest complying with the Government Decision (HG) no. 1308 / 25.11.1996 by re-organizing ICSITMUA, HG 1308 / 1996, Government Decision (HG) no. 1308 / 25.11.1996 by re-organizing ICSITMUA, HG 1308 / 1996, under the coordination of the Education and Research Ministry; HG 823/2004.under the coordination of the Education and Research Ministry; HG 823/2004.

· In 2008 INMA has been accredited for performing research-development activities · In 2008 INMA has been accredited for performing research-development activities financed by public funds, according to HG 551/2007, ANCS Decision No. 9634/2008.financed by public funds, according to HG 551/2007, ANCS Decision No. 9634/2008.

Short historyShort history

CCONTENTSONTENTS

A. A. TETECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIES FOR ES FOR AGRICULAGRICULTURETURE

1. 1. INNOVATIVE MECHANIZING INNOVATIVE MECHANIZING TETECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIES AIMED AT SETTING UP HOEING CROPS ES AIMED AT SETTING UP HOEING CROPS ACCORDING TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONACCORDING TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

2. 2. INNOVATIVE INNOVATIVE TETECCHNOLOGHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP VEGETABLE CROPS FOR GRAINS AND Y FOR SETTING UP VEGETABLE CROPS FOR GRAINS AND APPLYING MICROBIAL APPLYING MICROBIAL INOCULANINOCULANTS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONTS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

3. 3. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP HOEING CROPS WITH TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP HOEING CROPS WITH TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT ENDOWED WITH PROTECTING DEVICE AGAINST THE COVERING SLURRY IN COMPLIANCE ENDOWED WITH PROTECTING DEVICE AGAINST THE COVERING SLURRY IN COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONWITH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONII

4. 4. ECOLOGICAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR COLORADO BEETLE PRESENT IN POTATO ECOLOGICAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR COLORADO BEETLE PRESENT IN POTATO CROPSCROPS

5. 5. PROGNOSIS AND REMEDYING METHODOLOGY FOR RAIN EROSION AND LANDSLIDESPROGNOSIS AND REMEDYING METHODOLOGY FOR RAIN EROSION AND LANDSLIDES

6. 6. TECHNOLOGY OF SETTING UP THE FORESTRY CURTAINSTECHNOLOGY OF SETTING UP THE FORESTRY CURTAINS

B. TEB. TECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD INDUSTRYES FOR FOOD INDUSTRY

1. 1. TECHNOLOGY OF SORTING, WASHING AND DRYING THE FRUITSTECHNOLOGY OF SORTING, WASHING AND DRYING THE FRUITS

2. 2. TECHNOLOGY FOR FRUIT CALIBRATIONTECHNOLOGY FOR FRUIT CALIBRATION

3. 3. TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVING THE FRUITS STONESTECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVING THE FRUITS STONES

4. 4. TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY FOR STURGEONS INTENSIVE BREEDINGFOR STURGEONS INTENSIVE BREEDING

5. 5. TECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICINAL PLANTS PROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICINAL PLANTS PROCESSING

C. C. ENERGETIC ENERGETIC TETECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIESES

1. 1. TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING VEGETAL OILSTECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING VEGETAL OILS

2. 2. TECHNOLOGY FOR CAPITALIZING TECHNOLOGY FOR CAPITALIZING MISCANTHUS MISCANTHUS ENERGETIC PLANT ENERGETIC PLANT

3. 3. TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING THE BIOGASTECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING THE BIOGAS

Technical equipment for soil working on strips, Technical equipment for soil working on strips, sowing hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading sowing hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading

insecticidesinsecticides

A. A. AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL TETECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIESES1. 1. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SETTING UP THE HOEING CROPS ACCORDING TO INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SETTING UP THE HOEING CROPS ACCORDING TO

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONSUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

Sowing machine for sowing Sowing machine for sowing hoeing plants, fertilizing and hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading micro-granulated spreading micro-granulated

insecticidesinsecticides

Multifunctional combiner for working the soilMultifunctional combiner for working the soil

DIRECT DIRECT SSOWINGOWINGMINIMUM TILLAGE MINIMUM TILLAGE SSOWINGOWING

2. 2. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP VEGETABLE CROPS FOR GRAINS AND APPLYING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP VEGETABLE CROPS FOR GRAINS AND APPLYING THE MICROBIAL INOCULANTS IN COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONTHE MICROBIAL INOCULANTS IN COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

Multifunctional combiner for working the soilMultifunctional combiner for working the soil Sowing machine for sowing the hoeing Sowing machine for sowing the hoeing plants with technical equipment for plants with technical equipment for

microbial inoculants applyingmicrobial inoculants applying

3. 3. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP THE HOEING CROPS WITH TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP THE HOEING CROPS WITH TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT ENDOWED WITH PROTECTION DEVICE AGAINST THE CRYSTALLIZED SLURRIES ACCORDING ENDOWED WITH PROTECTION DEVICE AGAINST THE CRYSTALLIZED SLURRIES ACCORDING

TO THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONTO THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

Multifunctional combiner for working the soilMultifunctional combiner for working the soil Sowing machine for sowing the hoeing plants with device directing the air current

coming from the exhauster

A. A. AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL TETECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIESESMULTIFUNCTIONAL COMBINER FOR WORKING THE SOILMULTIFUNCTIONAL COMBINER FOR WORKING THE SOIL

During a single passing, in spring or autumn the combiner performs the following agricultural operationsDuring a single passing, in spring or autumn the combiner performs the following agricultural operations ::- A- A deep soil loosening, at deep soil loosening, at 0 0..20...020...0..25 m25 m working depth working depth, , by means of chisel-type loosening devicesby means of chisel-type loosening devices, , in order to allow in order to allow plants roots easily to penetrate at a great depth in search of necessary nutritive elements and water;plants roots easily to penetrate at a great depth in search of necessary nutritive elements and water; - Pre- Preparing the germinating bed at working depths ofparing the germinating bed at working depths of 10...14 cm 10...14 cm with working parts of notched disks-type with elastic arm with working parts of notched disks-type with elastic arm designed to sowingdesigned to sowing;;- - Additional mincing and levelling of soil by means of rollers with rods.Additional mincing and levelling of soil by means of rollers with rods.

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSCombiner typeCombiner type semi-mountedsemi-mountedDriving tractor , HPDriving tractor , HP 220...240 220...240Maximum working depthMaximum working depth, cm, cm - - loosening elementsloosening elements 2525 - - notched disksnotched disks 1414Mass, kgMass, kg 2630 2630

The multifunctional combiner for soil works promotes The multifunctional combiner for soil works promotes the conservative agriculture system, which ensures the conservative agriculture system, which ensures competitive outputs in terms of quality and quantity competitive outputs in terms of quality and quantity similar to those obtained in classic agricultural similar to those obtained in classic agricultural systems, but with diminished costs and high profit, systems, but with diminished costs and high profit, preserving at the same time the soil specific properties.preserving at the same time the soil specific properties.

The combiner works on all types of soils situated on The combiner works on all types of soils situated on plane fields or slope fields with up toplane fields or slope fields with up to max. max. 6°6°inclinationinclination..

TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR SOIL WORKING ON STRIPS, SOWING HOEING PLANTS, TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR SOIL WORKING ON STRIPS, SOWING HOEING PLANTS, FERTILIZING AND SPREADING INSECTICIDESFERTILIZING AND SPREADING INSECTICIDES

The technical equipment performs during a single passage the following operations:The technical equipment performs during a single passage the following operations:- Removing the stubble superficial soil layer- Removing the stubble superficial soil layer-Cutting the weeds, vegetal remains and vertically splitting the soil along the axle of the row to be sownCutting the weeds, vegetal remains and vertically splitting the soil along the axle of the row to be sown-Penetrating into the soil at 2...20 cm depth for digging a ditch filled with loosened soil Penetrating into the soil at 2...20 cm depth for digging a ditch filled with loosened soil - Working and loosening the soil on strips of 20 cm width and 2…8 cm depthWorking and loosening the soil on strips of 20 cm width and 2…8 cm depth- S- Sowing the hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading the micro-granulated insecticidesowing the hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading the micro-granulated insecticides

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSCombiner typeCombiner type carriedcarriedDriving tractor, HPDriving tractor, HP 80 80......101000NumNumber of processing sectionsber of processing sections 4 4Working widthWorking width, m, m 2 2..88Mass, kgMass, kg 1383 1383

A. A. AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL TETECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIESES

1 – 1 – technical equipment for working the soil on narrow stripstechnical equipment for working the soil on narrow strips; ; 2 – 2 – sowing machine for sowing hoeing plants, fertilizing and sowing machine for sowing hoeing plants, fertilizing and

spreading micro-granulated insecticidesspreading micro-granulated insecticides; 3 – ; 3 – side bar,side bar, 4 –4 –central tension rodcentral tension rod;; 5 – 5 – axle bearing.axle bearing.; 6 – ; 6 – cardan drive, T2 cardan drive, T2

101101;; 7 – 7 – cardan drive T2 051. cardan drive T2 051.

The technical equipment can be also used The technical equipment can be also used independently for a passage necessary to soil working independently for a passage necessary to soil working operations and soil loosening on an area so-called “narrow operations and soil loosening on an area so-called “narrow strip”, and during another passage for sowing the hoeing strip”, and during another passage for sowing the hoeing plants crops (sowing grain by grain of corn crop, plants crops (sowing grain by grain of corn crop, sunflower, etc.) concomitantly withsunflower, etc.) concomitantly with applying chemical applying chemical fertilizers and insecticidesfertilizers and insecticides..

The technical equipment is used at punctually applying the inoculant bacterium slurry in order to colonize the rhizom-The technical equipment is used at punctually applying the inoculant bacterium slurry in order to colonize the rhizom-sphere of grain vegetable cultures aimed at nourishing and reducing certain negative environmental phenomena (such as sphere of grain vegetable cultures aimed at nourishing and reducing certain negative environmental phenomena (such as soil erosion) and their effects on soil structure.soil erosion) and their effects on soil structure.

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- Num- Number of liquid tanksber of liquid tanks, , pcspcs. . 2 2- - Liquid pumpLiquid pump - t- tyyppee with membrane with membrane - num- number of meber of membranembraness,, 22 - - working pressureworking pressure, bar , bar 00..5...35...3- T- Type of hydype of hydraulicraulic engine engine: : slowslow- Distribu- Distributortor - t- tyyppee with manual commandwith manual command - - number of discharges unitsnumber of discharges units, , pcspcs. . 66

The microbial inoculants are environmental-friendly The microbial inoculants are environmental-friendly products, which have a multiple action on culture products, which have a multiple action on culture plants (nourishing, protection and stimulating actions) plants (nourishing, protection and stimulating actions) and soil ( forming the soil structure and raising the and soil ( forming the soil structure and raising the natural resistance against erosion).natural resistance against erosion).

TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING MICROBIAL INOCULANTSTECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING MICROBIAL INOCULANTS

A. A. AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL TETECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIESES

Kinematic and functional diagram 1 – liquid tank; 2 - „T”joint;

3 – central tap; 4 - filter; 5 – liquid pump; 6 – hydraulic engine; 7 - distributor;

8 – hydraulic agitator; 9, 10 – hoses; 11 –applying head

For remedying this drawback, the sowing machines for treated For remedying this drawback, the sowing machines for treated seeds to be exploited can be equipped with a device directing seeds to be exploited can be equipped with a device directing the air current coming from the exhauster, which might containthe air current coming from the exhauster, which might contain dust particles in the soil or next to soil surface; therefore it dust particles in the soil or next to soil surface; therefore it reduces the dust quantity present as slurry in the air.reduces the dust quantity present as slurry in the air.

A. AGRICULTA. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESURAL TECHNOLOGIES

SOWING MACHINE FOR HOEING PLANTS SOWING EQUIPPED WITH DEVICE DIRECTING SOWING MACHINE FOR HOEING PLANTS SOWING EQUIPPED WITH DEVICE DIRECTING THE AIR CURRENT FROM THE EXHAUSTERTHE AIR CURRENT FROM THE EXHAUSTER

The seeds aThe seeds abrasion generally appears when they are sacked, in transport, during the storage or when they are loaded brasion generally appears when they are sacked, in transport, during the storage or when they are loaded into the bin, the dust forming process being also influenced by the manner in which the seeds were conditioned. into the bin, the dust forming process being also influenced by the manner in which the seeds were conditioned. The The abrasive particles are subsequently eliminated as dust during the sowing operation, by means of the pneumatic sowing abrasive particles are subsequently eliminated as dust during the sowing operation, by means of the pneumatic sowing machine exhauster. The dust resulted following the seeds abrasion, when it is released in the air, can affect the operator machine exhauster. The dust resulted following the seeds abrasion, when it is released in the air, can affect the operator performing the sowing, the persons which control the operation, or the persons accidentally present in the area.performing the sowing, the persons which control the operation, or the persons accidentally present in the area. When the When the wind speed is biggerwind speed is bigger, , the dust charged with possible active substances can reach the melliferous cultures all around.the dust charged with possible active substances can reach the melliferous cultures all around.

Coupling system at sowing Coupling system at sowing machine exhaustermachine exhauster

Piping system for evacuating Piping system for evacuating the crystallized slurriesthe crystallized slurries

In order to protect both the operators and the In order to protect both the operators and the environmentenvironment, INMA Buc, INMA Bucharest offers the necessary harest offers the necessary technical support for manufacturing the device which technical support for manufacturing the device which directs the air current to soil and for its mounting on directs the air current to soil and for its mounting on all the available sowing machines.all the available sowing machines.

A. A. AAGRICULTURGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESAL TECHNOLOGIES

4. 4. TEHNOLOGY FOR THE ECOLOGIC CONTROL OF THE TEHNOLOGY FOR THE ECOLOGIC CONTROL OF THE COLORADO BEETLE IN THE POTATO CROPCOLORADO BEETLE IN THE POTATO CROP

TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE ECOLOGIC CONTROL OF COLORADO BEETLETECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE ECOLOGIC CONTROL OF COLORADO BEETLE

The operating principle is based on mechanical procedures of The operating principle is based on mechanical procedures of detaching and absorbing the insects from potato plants, by detaching and absorbing the insects from potato plants, by means of a pneumatic system which generates air currents of means of a pneumatic system which generates air currents of variable intensity.variable intensity.

MonthMonth Targeted stageTargeted stage TreatmenttypeTreatmenttype mechanicalmechanical biologicalbiological chemicalchemical Intended effectsIntended effects

OctoberOctober hibernating hibernating adultsadults

On soilOn soil Diminishing the Diminishing the biological stock in biological stock in the soilthe soil

MarchMarch hibernating hibernating adultsadults

at planting at planting (soil and/or (soil and/or

tubers)tubers)

March-AprilMarch-April hibernating hibernating adults which will adults which will lay down eggslay down eggs

On leavesOn leaves Reducing the Reducing the leaves loss leaves loss percentagepercentageDiminishing the Diminishing the number of eggsnumber of eggs

May – May – june – june – JUly JUly

adults adults (hibernated (hibernated generation) generation) eggs, larvae from eggs, larvae from generation Igeneration I

On leavesOn leaves Protecting the Protecting the leaves massleaves massDiminishing the Diminishing the insect numerical insect numerical densitydensity

JulyJulySeptemberSeptember

eggs, larvae, eggs, larvae, pupae, adults pupae, adults (II-nd generation)(II-nd generation)

On leavesOn leaves

September-September-OctomberOctomber

adults (II-nd adults (II-nd generation, generation, hibernanted)hibernanted)

On leavesOn leaves Reducing the Reducing the biological stock in biological stock in the soilthe soil

SchemSchemee of of tr treeatment atment based on alternative control mbased on alternative control metethhododss

The technical equipment for the ecological control of The technical equipment for the ecological control of Colorado beetle is aimed at fighting by physical methods against Colorado beetle is aimed at fighting by physical methods against Colorado beetle from potato crops, by collecting the larvae and adult insects.Colorado beetle from potato crops, by collecting the larvae and adult insects.

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- Equipment type- Equipment type carriedcarried - Power source- Power source, , HHPP 4545 - Number of worked rows 2 - Number of worked rows 2 - Distance between sections, cm 75 - Distance between sections, cm 75 - Type of ventilators quaquaversal - Type of ventilators quaquaversal - Working speed, km- Working speed, km//h 2…4 h 2…4

A. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES5. MET5. METHODOLOHODOLOGGYY OF PREDICTING AND OF PREDICTING AND REMED REMEDYING THE RAIN YING THE RAIN EROEROSION AND LANDSLIDESSION AND LANDSLIDES

METHOD AND TECHNIQUE OF DRAWING UP RISK MAPS FOR SURFACE RAIN EROSION PHENOMENA (HRE) AND LANDSLIDES (HRAT)

Geographical delimitation of the territoryGeographical delimitation of the territory ((areaarea) ) for which the map is drawn upfor which the map is drawn up

AnalAnalysis ofysis of sur surface of area for which face of area for which the map is drawn upthe map is drawn up: : line of line of llevels, evels,

paths of water effluences from slopespaths of water effluences from slopes

DiDigitization of area spatial domain for gitization of area spatial domain for which the map is drawn up broken down which the map is drawn up broken down on sub-domainson sub-domains (parcel (parcelss) ) with a rather with a rather

constant declivityconstant declivity

MMeasuring the average length easuring the average length eequivalent quivalent and average slope relevant to each sub-and average slope relevant to each sub-domain in which was divided the domain domain in which was divided the domain to be mappedto be mapped

UUsing the mobile installation for sing the mobile installation for estimating the erosion risk and estimating the erosion risk and

calculating the soil losses and stability calculating the soil losses and stability factor for each sub-factor for each sub-domdomainain

1 2, A R K L S C P C C C

VariabVariablele SSignificationignification MMUU

AA Annual loss of soil per haAnnual loss of soil per ha t hat ha-1-1 an an-1-1

RR FactorFactor of rain erosion estimate of rain erosion estimate MJ mm haMJ mm ha-1-1 h h-1-1 an an-1-1

KK FactorFactor of soil erodibility of soil erodibility t h MJt h MJ-1-1 mm mm-1-1

LL FactorFactor of slope length of slope length Non-diNon-dimensionalmensional

SS FactorFactor of slope of slope Non-Non-dimensionaldimensional

CC11 FactorFactor of managing covering of managing covering

depending of crop typedepending of crop typeNon-Non-dimensionaldimensional

CC22 FactorFactor of managing covering of managing covering

depending on soil working methoddepending on soil working methodNon-Non-dimensionaldimensional

PP FactorFactor of managing covering of managing covering

depending on crop laying on the depending on crop laying on the

fieldfield

Non-Non-dimensionaldimensional

ФФ Soil internal friction angleSoil internal friction angle Circular measureCircular measure

ββ Slope declivity angleSlope declivity angle Circular measureCircular measure

( , )tg

Ftg

ExtraExtracting the maximum attention cting the maximum attention areas from the map for preventing areas from the map for preventing

or locally remedyingor locally remedying

StStatistic study of distribution of erosion atistic study of distribution of erosion and landslides risks in territoryand landslides risks in territory

A. AGRICULTURA. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESAL TECHNOLOGIES

6. 6. TECHNOLOGY OF SETTING UP THE FORESTRY CURTAINSTECHNOLOGY OF SETTING UP THE FORESTRY CURTAINS

Tractor + Trailer

Tractor + Tank trailer

Multifunctional combiner for working the soil and planting

forestry seedlings

Machine for planting forestry seedlings

Soil working equipment on forestry areas

Planted seedlings

Planting seedlingsTransport of seedlings and water to afforestation place

Afforested area

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- T- Type of machine ype of machine carriedcarried - - PlPlantanting depthing depth, mm, mm 300 300- DistaDistancence between seedlingsbetween seedlings on rowon row, cm , cm 50, 100, 50, 100,

150, 300150, 300

Forestry seedlings planting machine

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- T- Type of machineype of machine carriedcarried- - Power sourcePower source, , HHPP 150 150- - Working depth,Working depth, mm mm 300 300- - Working widthWorking width, mm, mm 580 580

Equipment for soil working in forestry areas

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- T- Type of machineype of machine carriedcarried- - Power sourcePower source, , HHPP 190 190- - Rotative speed at PTORotative speed at PTO, rot/min 1000, rot/min 1000- N- Noo..of planted rowsof planted rows, mm, mm 1 1

Multifunctional combiner for working the soil and planting forestry

seedlings

At a single passage, the machine At a single passage, the machine performs the soil works and semi-performs the soil works and semi-mechanical planting of seedlings.mechanical planting of seedlings.

It is designed to mechanizing the soil It is designed to mechanizing the soil preparing operations for planting the forestry preparing operations for planting the forestry seedlings.seedlings.

It is designed to semi-mechanically It is designed to semi-mechanically plantingplanting the forestry seedlingsthe forestry seedlings..

BB. TE. TECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIES FORES FOR FOOD INDUSTRYFOOD INDUSTRY1. 1. TECHNOLOGY FOR STECHNOLOGY FOR SORTORTINGING , , WASHING AND DRYING THE FRUITSWASHING AND DRYING THE FRUITS

FRUIT DEHYDRATING INSTALLATIONFRUIT DEHYDRATING INSTALLATION

The iThe instalnstallation of fruits dehydrating is designed to orchard farms or fruits processors in order to desiccate the fruits for lation of fruits dehydrating is designed to orchard farms or fruits processors in order to desiccate the fruits for being conditioned and ensilaged in good conditions, aiming at a higher capitalization.being conditioned and ensilaged in good conditions, aiming at a higher capitalization.

MAIN TECHNICAL CHAMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICRACTERISTICSSCapacitCapacity of dryingy of drying (p (plumslums/24/24hourshours), kg), kg 1700 1700 NumNumber of trucksber of trucks, , pcspcs 4 4Drying surfaceDrying surface, m, m22 96 96 Average fuel consumptionAverage fuel consumption ( (mmetethhanane gase gas)m)m33/h/h 10 10 ToTotal instaltal installed powerled power, kW, kW 5 5Net mass,Net mass, kg kg 3850 3850

1 – 1 – dehydrating chamber; dehydrating chamber; 2 – 2 – truckstrucks; 3 – ; 3 – burner and heat burner and heat exchangerexchanger; 4 – ; 4 – propeller fan ;propeller fan ;5 – deflector5 – deflector plates plates; ;

6 – re6 – recicirrccuulating lating re registergister; 7 – ; 7 – mixing chamber; mixing chamber; 8 – 8 – burnt gas burnt gas chimenychimeny; 9 – ; 9 – humide air chimenyhumide air chimeny; 10 – temperatur; 10 – temperature sensorse sensors; ;

11 –11 –humidity sensorshumidity sensors; 12 –; 12 –electric and automating electric and automating installationinstallation

BB. TE. TECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIES FOR FOODES FOR FOOD INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

2. 2. TECHNOLOGY FOR FRUITS TECHNOLOGY FOR FRUITS CALIBRA CALIBRATIONTION

INSTALINSTALLLATIATION FOR SORTING THE APPLESON FOR SORTING THE APPLES

The iThe instalnstalllaation of sorting apples is used in producers fruits stores aiming at classifying them in terms of sizetion of sorting apples is used in producers fruits stores aiming at classifying them in terms of size before before their commercialization.their commercialization.

The main sorting element is made of a pair of The main sorting element is made of a pair of sorting rolls, of a special designed-profile allowing sorting rolls, of a special designed-profile allowing the fruits separation after the passes-or not the fruits separation after the passes-or not method.method. In order to obtain a greater productivity of In order to obtain a greater productivity of the installation, two pairs of sorting rolls contribute the installation, two pairs of sorting rolls contribute to sorting process.to sorting process.

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- - RRootative speed of tative speed of sortsorting elementsing elements, rot/min, rot/min 9191- N- Noo.. of of sort sorting elementsing elements, , pcspcs 22- L- Length of ength of sortsorting elementsing elements, mm, mm 21502150- - Maximum feeding flowMaximum feeding flow, kg/min, kg/min 2121

The installation for sorting apples is endowed with multiple setting The installation for sorting apples is endowed with multiple setting possibilities, which allows it to be used within a large range of fruits sorting possibilities, which allows it to be used within a large range of fruits sorting processes.processes.

BB. TE. TECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD INDUSTRYES FOR FOOD INDUSTRY3. 3. TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVING THE FRUITS STONESTECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVING THE FRUITS STONES

INSTALINSTALLATION OF REMOVING THE FRUITS STONESLATION OF REMOVING THE FRUITS STONES

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- - Working capacityWorking capacity, kg/h, kg/h 300...400 300...400 - - Stone removing degreeStone removing degree, %, % 95...10095...100- - EElectriclectric engine power engine power, kW, kW 11..55- - Engine rotative speedEngine rotative speed, rot/min, rot/min 14201420- Mas- Masss, kg, kg 530530

The installation operating pThe installation operating principle is based on cutting the fruits up rinciple is based on cutting the fruits up to the stone and removing it as a whole by means of a rubber drum, to the stone and removing it as a whole by means of a rubber drum, after what the fruits without stones are collected and their juice, after what the fruits without stones are collected and their juice, resulted from stones removing is recovered. resulted from stones removing is recovered.

The installation of removing the fruits stones represents a part of a technological process designed to process the The installation of removing the fruits stones represents a part of a technological process designed to process the kernel fruits or to be used independently for obtaining certain sub-products, subsequently exploited for producing other kernel fruits or to be used independently for obtaining certain sub-products, subsequently exploited for producing other food ranges (jams, plum jam, natural juices, etc.)food ranges (jams, plum jam, natural juices, etc.)

1 – 1 – gearmotorgearmotor; 2 – ; 2 – frameframe; 3- ; 3- disk rollerdisk roller; 4 – ; 4 – rubberized rubberized rollerroller, 5 - , 5 - cutting knifecutting knife; 6 – ; 6 – cutting knife rod; cutting knife rod; 7 – 7 – feeder feeder hopperhopper; 8 – ; 8 – stone chutestone chute; 9 – ; 9 – fruit pulp chutefruit pulp chute; 10 – j; 10 – juice uice

chutechute; 11 – ; 11 – chainchain 10B-1 10B-1

BB. TE. TECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD INDUSTRYES FOR FOOD INDUSTRY

4. 4. TECHNOLOGY FOR FISH SUPERINTENSIVE BREEDINGTECHNOLOGY FOR FISH SUPERINTENSIVE BREEDING

AQUIFEROUS RE-CIRCULATING SYSTEM FOR FISH SUPERINTENSIVE BREEDINGAQUIFEROUS RE-CIRCULATING SYSTEM FOR FISH SUPERINTENSIVE BREEDING

The aquiferous re-circulating system of fish superintensive breeding is a partially close system, which by treating and The aquiferous re-circulating system of fish superintensive breeding is a partially close system, which by treating and recirculating the water allows fish to be bred under controlled environment conditions.recirculating the water allows fish to be bred under controlled environment conditions.

The re-circulating systems assure the achievement of The re-circulating systems assure the achievement of a high fish output by an advanced control of breeding a high fish output by an advanced control of breeding system hydro-chemical parameters according to quantity system hydro-chemical parameters according to quantity and biochemical structure of fodder supplied and at the and biochemical structure of fodder supplied and at the same time to requirements imposed by the appropriate same time to requirements imposed by the appropriate pisciculture hygiene conditions.pisciculture hygiene conditions. Tr Treating the water within eating the water within the system consists in removing the waste solids, the system consists in removing the waste solids, ammonia and nitrites oxidation ammonia and nitrites oxidation , elimina, eliminating the carbon ting the carbon dioxiddioxidee, aera, aerating or oxygenating and sometimes ting or oxygenating and sometimes decontaminating the water. The main technological decontaminating the water. The main technological equipment used at water treatment areequipment used at water treatment are: : mechanical mechanical filtfilteerrss, , biological biological filtfilteerrss, UV, UV filters filters, , ventilating or ventilating or oxygenating apparataoxygenating apparata and water heating/cooling and water heating/cooling apparata.apparata.

1 1 – – Driller mineDriller mine; 2 – ; 2 – Water supplying bWater supplying baassin ; 3 – Bin ; 3 – Breeding reeding basinbasin; 4 – ; 4 – Mechanical fMechanical filtilteer; 5 – r; 5 – Biological fBiological filtilteer;r;

6 – 6 – SeparatorSeparator; 7 – P; 7 – Pumpump; 8 – UV; 8 – UV apparatus apparatus; 9 – ; 9 – Oxygenating Oxygenating apparatusapparatus; 10 – ; 10 – Water heating/cooling apparatusWater heating/cooling apparatus

BB. TE. TECCHNOLOGIHNOLOGIEAS FOR FOOD INDUSTRYEAS FOR FOOD INDUSTRY

5. 5. TECHNOLOGY FOF MEDICINAL PLANTS CAPITALIZATIONTECHNOLOGY FOF MEDICINAL PLANTS CAPITALIZATION

InstInstaallation of medicinal plants distillingllation of medicinal plants distilling

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- - Exploiting capacityExploiting capacity, kg plant, kg plantss//dayday 75 … 100 75 … 100- Capacit- Capacity of y of distildistilling recipientling recipient, l, l apprappr. 500. 500- Steam flow rateSteam flow rate, kg/h, kg/h max. 300 max. 300 - Pres- Pressure of steam,sure of steam, barbar max. 0 max. 0..77- - FuelFuel u usedsed met methhanane e - Capacit- Capacity ofy of separa separating recipientting recipient, l, l apprappr. 20. 20- Capacit- Capacity ofy of wwaater tankster tanks, l, l 2 × 1 2 × 1,,000000- - IInformativnformative masse mass, kg, kg 1700 1700 LLavavenendderer

((lavandula angustifolialavandula angustifolia))Garden sageGarden sage

((salvia officinalissalvia officinalis)) MMintint

((mentha piperitamentha piperita))

The installation comprises a supporting frame mounted on distilling The installation comprises a supporting frame mounted on distilling recipient together with the lid raising device, the oil steam recipient together with the lid raising device, the oil steam condenser, the circuit of cooling water comprising two superposed condenser, the circuit of cooling water comprising two superposed tanks, the oil separator, the steam generator and the electric tanks, the oil separator, the steam generator and the electric automating installation.automating installation.

The distillation installation is designed to extracting the essential oils out of medicinal and aromatic crop plants or The distillation installation is designed to extracting the essential oils out of medicinal and aromatic crop plants or belonging to spontaneous flora, by means of the steam driving method.belonging to spontaneous flora, by means of the steam driving method.

C. C. ENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIESENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIES

1. 1. TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING VEGETAL OILSTECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING VEGETAL OILS

The installation is designed at obtaining the crude vegetal oils out of oily seeds The installation is designed at obtaining the crude vegetal oils out of oily seeds (rap (rape,e, so soyya, a, sunflower,sunflower, etc etc..) ) used as used as biofuels for thermal engine operating.biofuels for thermal engine operating.

INSTALINSTALLATION OFLATION OF OB OBTAINING THE TAINING THE VEGETALVEGETAL OILS OILS

ModulModule for e for prepreparing paring the seedsthe seeds

ModulModule for obtaining e for obtaining the oilsthe oils

ModulModule fore forPurifPurifyyiing the oilng the oil

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSMAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS- Num- Number ofber of sto storage binsrage bins, , pcspcs.. 3 3- Capacit- Capacity ofy of sto storage binsrage bins, kg, kg 3x1200 3x1200- Capacit- Capacity of y of intermediarintermediary biny bin, kg, kg 1200 1200- Capacit- Capacity ofy of pre pre-heating bin-heating bin, kg, kg 1400 1400- Capacit- Capacity of oil y of oil colcolllector, lector, l 1300 1300- - Working capacity of seedsWorking capacity of seeds preparing modulepreparing module, t/h , t/h 3 3 - - Working capacity of oil extracting moduleWorking capacity of oil extracting module, kg/h, kg/h 400...450 400...450- - IInstalnstalled powerled power, kW, kW 33 33- - Specific power consumptionSpecific power consumption, kwh, kwh 51 51..4242

Utilization ofUtilization of vegetal vegetal oils for thermal oils for thermal engines in useengines in use. .

ModulModule fore for Oil Oil degumdegummingming

C. C. ENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIESENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIES

2. 2. TECHNOLOGY FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGETIC PLANT MISCANTHUSTECHNOLOGY FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGETIC PLANT MISCANTHUS

MAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSMAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS- Working width, m 2.8 ... 4- Distance between rows, mm 700 ... 1000- Nr. of planted rows, pcs 4

MISCANTHUS PLANTING MACHINEMISCANTHUS PLANTING MACHINE Works in aggregate with 65-80 HP wheeled tractors equipped with hydraulic lifting systems and has four sections for rhizomes planting at a depth varying from 8 to 12 cm. EQUIPMENT FOR HARVESTING OF MISCANTHUS DRY STALKSEQUIPMENT FOR HARVESTING OF MISCANTHUS DRY STALKS

It is mounted on the forage combine and during the working process performs cutting of plants from field and leads them through working bodies of the combine which executes the chopping at the length of 10 ... 15 mm and loading of chopped mass in a mean of transport.

MAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSMAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Working width, m 1.6 - Number of rotors 2- Toothed rotor speed, rev / min 46- Cutting height, mm 100 ... 120

Miscanthus Giganteus is a plant that Miscanthus Giganteus is a plant that produces a large amount of dry matter per produces a large amount of dry matter per hectare, with perennial growth (up to 15 hectare, with perennial growth (up to 15 years), which is used as energetic plant , years), which is used as energetic plant , important biomass resource. Miscanthus important biomass resource. Miscanthus plant's energetic potential can be used in plant's energetic potential can be used in particular for the production of thermal particular for the production of thermal energy. energy.

C. C. ENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIESENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIES

3. 3. TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING THE BIOGASTECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING THE BIOGAS

BIOGAS INSTALLATION FOR LIVESTOCK MICROFARMS AND PEASANT FARM HOUSEHOLDS The biogas installation is designed at anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, biomass and animal waste from farms, The biogas installation is designed at anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, biomass and animal waste from farms, microfarms and peasant agricultural households. microfarms and peasant agricultural households.

MAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSMAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS- Type of construction - Type of construction half-buriedhalf-buried- Type of fermentation - Type of fermentation anaerobic anaerobic- Fermentation temperature, ° C - Fermentation temperature, ° C 5...255...25- Time of fermentation, days- Time of fermentation, days 50...6050...60-- NNet volume (Vet volume (Vufuf) of fermentable material, m) of fermentable material, m33 5 5

--NNet volume of biogas accumulation (Vet volume of biogas accumulation (Vugug), m), m33 2.3 2.3

- - Gas Gas pressure, bar pressure, bar 0.1 ... 0.22 0.1 ... 0.22 - - PPlant efficiency, mlant efficiency, m33biogaz / mbiogaz / m33Vu / dayVu / day 0 0..4...04...0..55- Biogas production, l / kg dry matter - Biogas production, l / kg dry matter 250... 300250... 300- Life- Life span span, years , years min.15min.15

1 - primary fermenter, 2 - secondary fermenter, 3 - 1 - primary fermenter, 2 - secondary fermenter, 3 - feeding tube fermentable material;feeding tube fermentable material;

4 - connecting tube, 5 - discharge tube, 6 / 7 - 4 - connecting tube, 5 - discharge tube, 6 / 7 - main / secondary fermenter sealing cap;main / secondary fermenter sealing cap;

8 - cup feeding tube, 9 - sealing cap for the duct of 8 - cup feeding tube, 9 - sealing cap for the duct of fermented material; 10 - link belt sealing lids;fermented material; 10 - link belt sealing lids;

11 - connecting pipes between fermenters and 11 - connecting pipes between fermenters and consumer, 12 - gas valves, 13 - manometer, 14 - consumer, 12 - gas valves, 13 - manometer, 14 -

gas meter, 15 - shakergas meter, 15 - shaker

THANK YOU VERY MUCH THANK YOU VERY MUCH !!

Contact PersonContact Person:: PhD. Eng. Petronela DRÂMBEI PhD. Eng. Petronela DRÂMBEIAddressAddress: Romania, : Romania, Bucharest, Postal Code Bucharest, Postal Code 013813, PO 18, 6, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blv., 013813, PO 18, 6, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blv., Division 1Division 1 email: email: petronela_drambeipetronela_drambei@@yahooyahoo..ccoomm

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