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Mechanical Hazards – Part 2 Peter Coulahan
Mechanical Hazards – Part 2
Peter Coulahan University College Dublin Safety Officer
Module OSH10010!
Part 1 Mechanical Hazards
Part 2 Mechanical Hazards: Practical risk reduction measures
Mechanical Hazards
Part 2 1. Legislative requirements
2. Machinery guarding
3. Safety devices
4. Administrative controls
Legislative Requirements
General guidance on
equipment safety can be
obtained from the HSA’s
guide to the 2007
General Applications
Regulations.
Legislative Requirements Every machine must be designed to work as
safely as possible and be fit for the purpose for which it is being used.
Steps must be taken to minimise any risks associated with work equipment.
The use of hazardous equipment must be limited to trained persons.
Legislative Requirements Dangerous parts must be guarded
appropriately.
Equipment must be labeled appropriately.
Employees must be made aware of the risks
associated with work equipment.
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Mechanical Hazards – Part 2 Peter Coulahan
Legislative Requirements Work equipment must be inspected and
maintained appropriately with records of same
maintained.
Equipment must have a clearly identifiable way
of disconnecting it from its energy source.
Legislative Requirements Equipment must have clearly labeled control
devices located in a safe place.
It should only be possible to start a machine by
a deliberate action.
If required emergency stops should be fitted.
Machinery Guarding A guard is the simplest way of protecting you
from the moving parts of a machine.
A guard forms a physical barrier between the
dangerous parts of a machine and a person.
Machinery Guarding To function effectively guards must:
• prevent contact with hazardous parts • be securely held in place and be difficult to remove or
tamper with • be strong enough to resist forcing and to contain any
ejected materials • allow for adequate visibility if required • not reduce the performance or reliability of the
machine • provide protection against non mechanical hazards
where necessary
Machinery Guarding Fixed Guards
Use whenever
possible
Are a permanent part
of a machine
Machinery Guarding Fixed Guards
Should only be
removable using tools
and not by hand
Should not stay in
place when fixings are
removed
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Mechanical Hazards – Part 2 Peter Coulahan
Machinery Guarding Fixed Guards
Meshed guards should
not allow fingers into
danger zones
Machinery Guarding Distance Guards
Barriers designed
to prevent persons
coming into contact with
dangerous parts of a
machine.
Machinery Guarding Distance Guards
Considerable care must
be taken in their design
as they can be easily
bypassed.
Machinery Guarding Tunnel Guards
A type of distance
guard where a tunnel
is used to isolate
dangerous parts of a
machine.
Machinery Guarding Automatic Guards
The guard is mechanically
connected to the operation
of the machine and isolates
the dangerous parts of the
machine at the relevant
part of the cycle.
Machinery Guarding Adjustable Guards
The position of these
guards is manually
adjusted according to the
operation in progress.
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Mechanical Hazards – Part 2 Peter Coulahan
Machinery Guarding Adjustable Guards
For these to work
effectively the operator
of the machine must
have training in its safe
use and must be
competent.
Machinery Guarding Self Acting Guards
With this type of guard
the guard is automatically
opened or closed by the
operation to protect
the user.
Safety Devices Trip Devices
Automatically cut the
power to a machine
when they are
activated.
Safety Devices Trip Devices
Can be photo-electric
sensors, trip wires,
pressure mats, infra red
detectors, etc.
Safety Devices Two Handed Control Devices
These devices force a
machine operator to use
two hands to operate the
machine controls thus
removing their hands
from danger zones.
These physically hold
the operator’s hands in
a ‘safe position’.
Safety Devices Restraint Devices
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Mechanical Hazards – Part 2 Peter Coulahan
Safety Devices Restraint Devices
An interlock prevents a machine from operating
when a guard is open, and can either stop the
machine when the guard is opened during
machine operation or prevent the opening of a
guard during machine operation.
Safety Devices Interlocks
Microwave ovens have interlocks fitted to their
doors; when the door is open the oven will not
start and when the door is opened during
operation the oven switches off.
Safety Devices Interlocks
It is vital that interlocks fail to safe.
This means that if the interlock stops
working properly, or becomes defective,
that the machine stops working immediately,
rather than continuing to operate with a
defective interlock.
Safety Devices Interlocks
Safety Devices Interlocks
Administrative Controls Risk Assessment
The operation of all machines should be
subjected to a risk assessment in order to list the
hazards associated with that machine and to
identify measures to reduce the risks from those
hazards.
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Mechanical Hazards – Part 2 Peter Coulahan
Administrative Controls Risk Assessment
Consider the following: - do any parts look dangerous, e.g. exposed gear wheels? - are there guards in place? - can the machine operate with the guards removed? - are the controls labeled and easy to understand?
Administrative Controls Risk Assessment
– is an emergency stop device present / needed? – is the power supply to the machine clearly marked? – does the machine give off any fumes or dusts? – is the machine noisy or does it vibrate excessively?
Administrative Controls Risk Assessment
– are any exposed parts likely to get very hot or cold?
– are there any exposed live electrical parts or is it easy to access any live components?
– are the manufacturer’s instructions available for consultation and in a language easily understood by operators / supervisors?
Administrative Controls Risk Assessment
– does the machine have a CE mark and does it
comply with any relevant EU standards?
Administrative Controls Safe Person
At a minimum every machinery operator must know how to:
– safely start, operate and stop a machine – how to deal with foreseeable emergencies / malfunctions – be able to identify equipment hazards – be reliable – be a ‘safe person’
Administrative Controls Safe System Of Work
Planned Preventative Maintenance Permit To Work Systems Appropriate training and supervision
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Mechanical Hazards – Part 2 Peter Coulahan
Part 1 Mechanical Hazards
Part 2 Mechanical Hazards: Practical risk reduction measures
Mechanical Hazards Learning Outcomes Describe the different types of hazards and
risks associated with machines
Explain, and provide the rationale for, the methods used to reduce the risk of injury in the use of machines
Be able to identify common hazards associated with machines
Assess whether suitable safety devices are fitted and are operating safely