Mechanical Fundamentals Toc

8/3/2019 Mechanical Fundamentals Toc

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Contents

1 Basics of Mechanical Engineering 11.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Basic concepts 21.3 Units of engineering quantities 51.4 Friction 61.5 Summary 9

2 Mechanical Drawings 11A Types of lines and letters used in drawings 112.1 Types of lines 112.2 Lettering in the drawings 142.3 Summary for Section A 15B Projections 15

2.4 What is projection? 152.5 Pictorial projections 172.6 Concept of cutting plane and sectional views 182.7 Summary of Section B 23C Dimensioning 23 2.8 Different systems of dimensioning 232.9 Dimensioning practices 232.10 Summary of Section C 25D Assembly drawings 25 2.11 Summary of Section D 26E Welded joints 26

2.12 Types of welded joints 272.13 Summary of Section E 29F Bolt, nut and screw fasteners 29 2.14 Introduction 292.15 Summary of Section F 31G Keys, keyways and keyed assemblies 312.16 Types of keys 322.17 Summary of Section G 33H Tolerance, limits and fits 34 2.18 Concept of tolerance 342.19 Concept of limits 35

2.20 Concept of fit 362.21 Summary of Section H 37I The role of CAD and CAM 38 2.22 Use of computers for preparation of drawings 382.23 CAD software 382.24 Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 39



2.25 Summary of Section I 39J Office practice 39 2.26 Drawing number and part name 392.27 Summary of Section J 40

3 Engineering Materials 41

3.1 Mechanical properties of materials 413.2 Processing of metals and alloys 433.3 Stress and strain in metals 463.4 Normal stress and shear stress 483.5 Tensile and hardness testing 483.6 Stress and strain diagram 523.7 Alloy production and properties 553.8 Fracture of metals 603.9 Corrosion types and control 643.10 Summary 65

4 Mechanical Design 674.1 Introduction 674.2 Codes and standards 704.3 Design considerations 704.4 Factory of safety 764.5 Mechanical components 774.6 Fasteners/screwed joints 1054.7 Fastener failure 1114.8 Compression members 1154.9 Summary 120

5 Mechanical Engineering Codes and Standards 1235.1 Need for standardization 1245.2 Overview of standards 1245.3 Benefits of standardization 1255.4 Mechanical engineering standards 1265.5 ISO 9000/1 1265.6 Six-sigma 1285.7 Summary 129

6 Manufacturing 1316.1 Foundry processing 131

6.2 Heat treatment 1346.3 Hot working of metals 1356.4 Cold working of metals 1376.5 Pressing 1396.6 Numerical control 1426.7 Sawing 146



6.8 Broaching 1466.9 Shapers and shaping 1476.10 Welding 1476.11 Brazing 1486.12 Computer-aided manufacturing 1496.13 Manufacturing processes in oil and gas industry 1506.14 Summary 150

7 Mechanical Automation 1517.1 Sensors and actuators 1517.2 Differential transformers 1597.3 Velocity and motion 1627.4 Fluid pressure measurement 1647.5 Liquid flow measurement 1657.6 Liquid level measurement 1667.7 Temperature measurement 1677.8 Light sensors 1697.9 Selection of sensors 1697.10 Pneumatics and hydraulics 1697.11 Control valves 1717.12 Cylinders 1757.13 Electrical actuation 1777.14 Electrical drives 1797.15 Electrical machines 1807.16 Gear motors 1857.17 Control systems 1867.18 Summary 191

8 Fluid Engineering 1938.1 Pumps 1938.2 Compressors 2068.3 Turbines 2118.4 Flow in pipes 2188.5 Thermodynamics 2258.6 Reversibility 2328.7 Summary 232

9 Maintenance of Machinery 2359.1 The need for maintenance 235

9.2 Types of maintenance 2369.3 Maintenance strategies 2379.4 Failure 2389.5 How to select your maintenance plan 2399.6 Predictive maintenance techniques 2409.7 Summary 248



10 Theory of Heat Transfer 24910.1 Heat basics 24910.2 Heat transfer 25110.3 Laws of Thermodynamics 25310.4 Thermal cycles 255

10.5 Heat cycles 26210.6 Heat pumps 26510.7 Air conditioning 26710.8 Summary 268

Exercises 269

Answers 313

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Mechanical Fundamentals Toc