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Materials Research & Technology
Teoría y Aplicaciones de las Ondas Guiadas
Raul M Leon Mechanical Engineer – MBA
President
NDT Innovations, Inc
Materials Research & Technology
Alternativas a las Ondas Guiadas
• Ultrasonido
• MFL (ET)
• Emision Acustica
• Sistemas Visuales
• Etc
Recipientes a Presión
Recipientes a Presión
Ductos
External Corrosion
Internal Corrosion
Emisión Acústica
Fugas
Ubicación de los Transductores
Emisión Acústica
Tanques Planta de Procesos
Tanques Planta de Procesos
Tanques Planta de Procesos
Ondas Guiadas
Introduction • Today’s inspection challenges are becoming more and more focused on productivity
combined with high quality results.
• To complement an already strong pipeline products offering, Olympus is introducing a guided
wave solution for corrosion and metal-loss detection on pipes.
• The following slides present how this portable system maximizes the efficiency of a corrosion
management program.
Introduction
The UltraWave LRT:
- Screens in-service pipes and pipeline over long distances.
- Inspects pipes with limited access from a single position.
- Pinpoints locations requiring further inspection.
- Can provide significant reduction in operating costs.
Industries
Refineries.
Power generation plants.
Pipes and piping in gas transportation stations.
Onshore pipelines.
Offshore risers and other piping systems.
Applications
Corrosion detection / in-service pipes and pipelines
• Inspection of above ground conventional and coated pipe.
• Detection of corrosion at supports and pipe racks.
• Inspection of through-wall pipe.
Applications
• Detection of corrosion under insulation (CUI).
• Inspection of buried pipes.
• Inspection of vertical pipes.
Corrosion detection / in-service pipes and pipelines
Inspecting with guided waves avoids unnecessary excavation, coating
removal, or scaffolding if no flaw is detected.
But it’s a screening tool:
Areas of concerns need to be addressed with other NDT techniques.
Conventional UT or Phased Array are to be used to confirm the pipe
condition.
Inspection with Conventional UT - Localized inspection;
- underneath or in the vicinity of the sensor location.
Inspection with Guided Waves (Long-Range Ultrasonic Testing) - Screen the entire pipe wall;
- over tens of meters;
- from a single inspection position;
- on each side of the probe collar.
The system propagates low frequency waves:15 kHz to 85 kHz.
Torsional waves are pulsed all around the pipe circumference
(axisymmetric/no time delay) from each side of the probe collar.
Inspection distance can reach up to 91 meters (300 feet) from each side of
the collar for a total of 192 meters (600 feet).
The inspection length varies, depending on the pipe condition, coating and
configuration
LRUT does not provide an accurate measurement of wall-
thickness variation but detects a general change in the total pipe
cross sectional area (CSC).
Equally sensitive to OD and ID corrosion.
• Can estimate the circumferential extend (using focusing tools).
• Other NDT methods are needed to validate indications.
10% CSC (Total
area) Distributed differently
UltraWave LRT
The system features the UltraWave LRT instrument, which is
secured in a backpack, a rugged touch-screen laptop with advanced
software, flexible inspection collars, and all the necessary tools to
perform an inspection.
Inspection Collar Probes assembled on predefined
bands for each pipe diameter
(Standard kit 2 – 24 in. OD).
Bladder inflated to ensure good
contact for the inspection.
No couplant is required.
• Low profile design
• Fast and easy setup on the pipe
• Inspections with limited access
• Good contact (stability) between the
probe and the material during
acquisition
• Light and compact transport
Acquisition Unit and Laptop
Battery operated,16-channel,
with broadband frequency
range: 15 to 85 kHz.
Total inspection length: 182
meters (600 feet) in optimal
conditions (300 feet
bidirectionally).
Getac V200 rugged, industrial
touch-screen laptop computer
with sunlight-readable display.
UW Software
Setup Wizard.
Color mapping.
Focusing modes.
Easy reporting.
1) Pipe sketch.
2) Collar installation.
3) Axisymmetric scan.
4) A-scan analysis / features localisation.
5) Active focusing if necessary.
6) Synthetic focusing (can be done during
post-processing).
7) Defect confirmation (UT or phased
array).
8) Second acquisition, if necessary.
9) Final analysis and reporting.
A drawing with notes on the pipe configuration is mandatory
for further analysis.
Pipe thickness measurement.
Band positioning.
Bladder inflation.
Wiring and coupling validation.
A user-friendly, step-by-step wizard is available in the software
to build the setup.
Information about the line dimension, location, thickness,
material, and coating are entered before acquisition.
Guided waves are pulsed all around the pipe with no time delay.
Multiple frequencies are acquired simultaneously.
Analysis is performed on the most sensitive frequency.
A-scan is selected with the horizontal red cursor.
F-Scan color map is a view of all frequencies acquired over the pipe length.
Guided wave is a frequency-dependent detection method.
With the F-scan view, selecting the optimum frequency for further analysis is
fast & intuitive.This unique feature offers a global image of the inspected
zone.
Data acquired from 15 to 85 kHz with steps of 1 kHz
Death Zone Defects
Flange Weld Weld
Known features identification (weld, flange, indications).
Distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve positioning.
Pipe schematic updated with pre-selected symbols.
Energy focused at a determined distance and frequency.
Induced time delay at 8 different positions around pipe.
Polar plot that estimates the defect circumferential position and extent.
Wave form representing the signal of each octant at it’s position on pipe.
Provide improved penetration power, SNR, and inspection confidence for
advanced applications.
Reduced defect false-alarm rates.
Synthetic Focusing
C-scan view of unrolled pipe (channels vs. distance at 1 frequency).
Generated considering the phase velocity of the received modes (from flexural).
Provides the axial position and circumferential extent of all defects.
Post-processing tool.
Displays the entire inspected zone.
Long-range screening for pipe integrity assessment.
Buried, coated, and insulated pipe inspection capability.
F-scan color map with multiple frequencies display.
Active and synthetic focusing.
Low clearance probe collar.
POD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Defect size
Po
D, %
Probability of False Call
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
0
1000
Defect size
Pro
ba
bilit
y o
f fa
lse
ca
ll, %
POD Experimental Actual
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Defect area in^2
Po
D % PoD
PoD Trend
Resultados Usando Focalizacion
Experimental PoD Curves
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Flaw area, in^2
Po
D
original
target
results
Resultados Focalizacion
12" Defect type 1, Detection required 100%
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400
Pipe thickness, in
Defe
ct
are
a, in
^2
Type 1
100% focused
100% original
Detected
Not detected
Detected
Not detected
Efectos de los Recubrimientos
Efectos de los Recubrimientos
Defectos Detectados Recubierto y Enterrado
Defectos Detectados Recubierto y Enterrado
Focalizacion y Deteccion
0
6
0.5
2.0
1.0
2.5
1.5
3.5
4.0
3.0
0
0.5 0.4
2.1
1.6
4.0
0.7
0.8
1.5
0o
45o
90o
135o
180o
225o
270o
315o
Focalizacion y Deteccion
Soldaduras (No Direccional)
180o
0
6
0.5
2.0
1.0
2.5
1.5
3.5
4.0
3.0
0
2.80
3.75
2.8
2.50
2.25
3.4
2.50
2.70
0o
45o
90o
135o 225
o
270o
315o
Efectos de los Recubrimientos
Gain Achieved by Phased-Array Focusing
4
56
2.5
7
4.55
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bare Pipe Bitumastic
50
Bitumastic
300M
Bitumen
Tape
Fusion
Bonded
Epoxy
Enamel Wax Tape
Gain
[dB
]
Caracterizacion de los Recubrimientos
Futuro de las Ondas Guiadas
Advantages of using Guided Waves
High productivity inspection with long-range coverage and rapid
screening.
100% screening coverage of pipe wall, 360 degrees around the pipe
circumference.
Ability to scan pipes with limited access such as coated, insulated,
buried, road-crossing, and through-wall pipes.
Cost reduction for excavation, scaffolding, and insulation removal.
Cost effective solution for pipe integrity management programs.
In-service inspection (no production shutdown).
Guided Wave is covered by
ASTM : E2775 - Standard Practice for Guided Wave Testing of Above Ground
Steel Pipework Using Piezoélectric Effect Transduction (2011)
ASME : Article 18 – Guided Wave Testing Method for Basic Piping : not
released yet (in progress)
ISO / TC 44 & International Institute of Welding : Long Range Inspection of
Above Ground Pipelines and Plant Piping Using Guided Wave Testing with
Axial Propagation : not released yet (in progress)
